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Launois, Marie-Charlotte. "Liberté d'information et de communication au miroir de la sécurité nationale : formes contemporaines de conflits et traitement de l'information". Thesis, Reims, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REIML011.
Pełny tekst źródłaProclaimed in an express and tacit way by many states, liberty of information has been recognized in several international texts and sets up the basis of democracy in which the media must be free. New technologies enable journalists and media to be closer to the conflicts but they are not as free as they should be when they have to tackle issues dealing with security. Defending the governmental policy sometimes prevails over the right for the public to objective information. In the same way, in their war against terrorism, authorities can make decisions directly or indirectly limitating freedom of speech and of information. From Vietnam war, censorship in the Falklands Islands to the Gulf war, information in the armed conflicts has strongly evolved (part I). But September 11th has played the role of a breaking off and the war against terrorism has made new uncertainties regarding freedom of information appear (part II). The media have to take new responsibilities in their treatment of this phenomenon, which seems to be an action of communication or even manipulation
Robitaille-Froidure, Amélie. "Liberté d’expression et protection du mineur sur Internet : étude comparée des droits français et américain à l’aune du droit européen et international". Thesis, Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100163.
Pełny tekst źródłaLong-standing renowned, freedom of speech « regardless of frontiers » takes on its full meaning with the development and the massification of the Internet. As beneficial as it might be, the latter presents many risks for children. Among these risks, those which already occured on traditional meadias are emphasised in cyberspace. Simultaneously, Information and Communication Technologies induced new habits that created unprecedented dangers for minors. Though not imposing « cyberpaternalism », States don’t want the Internet to be a lawless space governed by « cyberlibertarians ». Trying to balance freedom of speech and protection of minors on the Internet, States have to admit that in cyberspace such a conciliation is very thorny
Joyjaroen, Juraiporn. "Le contrôle du contenu des programmes audiovisuels : étude comparative des systèmes français et thaï". Thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX32007.
Pełny tekst źródłaAlthough Thailand is a constitutional monarchy country with the establishment of democracy and the development of legal texts, it is often subject to military intervention which creates the limitation of freedom of expression and the rights to communicate. The audiovisual market is dominated by the operators who obtain the concession contracts of the State for too long. The solution of the mentioned problem is proposed by the 1997 Constitution, which is to create an independent regulatory authority for audiovisual communication to improve the exercise of freedom of expression on communication law and to implement the basic principles of audiovisual communication. Moreover an allotment of new frequencies is also important for the full opening of the audiovisual market in order to vary the choices for viewers and listeners. The creation of the regulatory authority of audiovisual communication has been interrupted several times by the committee’s conflict of interest. In 2006, it was unfortunately withdrawn by the coup by repealing the 1997 Constitution. After that in The 2007 Constitution, it is required the establishment of a single regulatory authority for broadcasting and telecommunications to meet the development of converging technologies however the authority has not been implemented yet. So the gaps in regulation between two areas of communications are growing.In France, there are three of regulatory authorities of audiovisual communication which have been formed after the abolition of state monopoly of broadcasting. The study of French’s basic principles of audiovisual communication could guide Thailand in several ways since the rights and the freedoms of communication in Thailand have been democratically developing gradually
Orsi, Livio. "Le droit constitutionnel à la libre communication numérique : (Vers un renouveau constitutionnel en faveur de la constitutionnalisation des droits du numérique)". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOUL0131.
Pełny tekst źródłaInternet and digital communication have modernized and amplified many practices related to the democracy. The constitutional right of freedom of expression and communication of thoughts and opinions has several democratic and fundamental roles in society. The right to Internet access can be described as a fundamental and functional right in order to be able to exercise other fundamental rights. Digital technology makes it possible to strengthen the legitimacy of representative and participative democracy. However, it is necessary to be able to reconcile it in the best way with the requirement of fighting offenses on the Internet. Technological developments have changed state activities. In the digital age, there is a lack of constitutional provisions that protect fundamental rights and freedoms against state surveillance activities. One of the interests of the constitutionalization of the digital rights principles is to give the Constitutional Council the tools to control the constitutionality of the new laws, especially with the renewal of textual standards of constitutional reference necessary to monitor the constitutional compliance of laws of the 21st century and to improve the codification of a lot of new digital rights
Hild, Barbara. "La liberté d’expression des personnes incarcérées". Thesis, Lille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL2D008.
Pełny tekst źródłaIt is a well-known saying, the sentence depriving of liberty is, in theory, only the deprivation of the freedom of movement. France has established, on November 24th, 2009, a prison law regulating the incarcerated persons rights and duties. Article 26 of said law indicates : “incarcerated persons have the right to freedom of opinion, conscience and religion”. This right implies the right to search information, build an opinion and carry it out, therefore to be able to speak freely. Yet, the physical imprisonment of an individual inevitably triggers restrictions to the use of his broader freedom of speech. If there is no doubt thatincarcerated persons have subjective rights, in what conditions can they be asserted? The inmate’s rights are compelled by the limits inherent in detention, security and order, which lead the prison administration to censor speech and writing of the individuals placed in custody. In addition to these general restrictions, be added all the constraints related to prison overcrowding but also the weight of the current security context. It leads to the strengthening of criminal policies which can weaken the prisoners’s freedom of expression
Annocque, François. "Les enseignements d’expression-communication et les pratiques instrumentées : regards d’enseignants et d’apprenants". Thesis, Lille 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL3H060.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis work describes and analyzes from a didactic point of view the discourses of teachers and students on the place of digital tools in university courses of expression-communication in DUT whose aims, prescribed by the 2013 programs, are to equip students in their university curriculum and to prepare the professional integration of these future senior technicians. In this work, the question is posed of the relationships between numérical uses and what is taught and learned in these courses. The theoretical basis is constructed from the notions of instrument and instrumental genesis (Rabardel, 1995) from which I consider that a numerical tool is the result of a construction which partly takes place according to the representations that the teachers and students have what is taught and learned in expression-communication. In addition, Fluckiger's works (2011, 2014) on digital’s ordinary uses in the educational setting are used to describe and understand how students and teachers view the functions of the numerical tools used and their relation to the objects taught and learned. These objects are expressed in this research in terms of content (Delcambre, 2007/2013) and representations of these contents with a double aim: - first, show that these representations guide the choice of tools and their genesis; - secondly, show that the digital in these courses is not reducible to uses but also gives rise to the teaching and the learning of objects that mobilize numerical tools. This research aims to contribute to the current works in didactics on content (Daunay & Reuter, 2013) with the goal of discussing some publicized discourses on the omnipresence of digital in the educational landscape and the homogeneity of skills and practices of students. The notion of content in this research shows that the uses of digital tools are not only based on the transfer of habits and social skills but must be understood to what is played out in historically constituted disciplinary systems with their own issues and representations (Baron, 2014)
Colosimo, Anastasia. "Juger de la religion ? : droit, politique et liberté face au blasphème en démocratie". Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018IEPP0034/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaBlasphemy is since the beginning of its recorded history not only a religious but also a political concept. Jerusalem, Athens, Rome, the founding deaths of Socrates and Jesus Christ, both sentenced to death, the first for impiety, the second for blasphemy, but also the Torah, the Gospel and the Quran show that the prohibition of blasphemy has above all a political function, which is to eliminate whoever harms the community. With modernity, the invention of tolerance and the proclamation of freedom of expression as a fundamental right, blasphemy should have disappeared. Instead, it metamorphosed. From Salman Rushdie to Charlie Hebdo, it became a worldwide issue. In the Muslim world, its prohibition has become a fearsome tool of repression of religious minorities on a national level and of acceleration of a clash of civilizations on an international level. To face this challenge, Europe pretends to answer with freedom of expression, but the majority of European countries still forbid blasphemy, understood no more as an offense to God but an offense to the believers, which is the sign of a rogue secularization. This is especially true in France where the proliferation of laws limiting freedom of expression ended up in a re-introduction of the prohibition of blasphemy and more generally of crimes of opinion
Charbit, Joël. "Entre subversion et gouvernementalité : le droit d’expression collective des personnes détenues en France (1944-2014)". Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL12008/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis dissertation focuses on the institutionalization of inmates’ right to collective expression in France. The research brings together two complementary perspectives: a sociohistorical account of the issue of prisoners’ participation in prison management and a field research (based on interviews, direct observation and data collection) conducted in 2011–2014 in three French prisons. First, this institutionalization is identified as the contemporary extension of a dual historical process, both reformist and subversive, of prisoners’ involvement in certain aspects of prison management since the second half of the 20th century. The investigation of this dual historical process leads to a distinction between the search for alternative methods of prison management and prisoners’ self-organization through association and unionization. Secondly, the dissertation analyzes the emergence and trajectory of the “inmates’ right to collective expression” policy experiment in 2010–2011. It highlights the various rationales of the main protagonists of this experiment at both national and local levels, whether they supported, criticized or became involved in the implementation of this experiment. Lastly, the study of the power relations in the implementation of this policy and the analysis of how it contributed to the production of order highlight the ways in which inmate participation in the management of certain aspects of their “daily life” entails a specific form of prison governmentality. As such, this dissertation contributes to the understanding of the contemporary prison system and its transformations
Thériault, Yancey. "La pénalisation de l’exercice de la liberté d’expression et la portée du principe de dignité humaine quant aux infractions d’opinion : étude comparée des systèmes canadien et français". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67086.
Pełny tekst źródłaCet écrit propose d’abord une analyse de l’évolution récente de la répression de l’expression par le droit pénal canadien et le droit pénal français. L’étude des changements relatifs aux infractions d’opinion révèle deux tendances générales, soit, d’une part, une augmentation de la portée de l’arsenal législatif en la matière et, d’autre part, une diminution de ses effets judiciaires. Constatant la recrudescence concomitante du principe de dignité humaine en matière de liberté d’expression, l’auteur s’intéresse ensuite à une potentielle relation causale entre ce phénomène et les tendances préalablement identifiées. Écartée en tant que limite autonome à la liberté d’expression, la dignité humaine fondamentale peut encore être prise en compte, en France, dans la balance des intérêts en présence et, au Canada, pour déterminer si le propos litigieux est susceptible de susciter la haine. Après une tentative nécessaire de clarification de la nature et de la portée du principe de dignité humaine, il s’avère que son inclusion dans une forme ou une autre de contrôle de proportionnalité ne parvient pas à dissoudre les problèmes inhérents à la notion même de dignité humaine, en particulier ceux relatifs à son caractère indéfini et absolu. Ce constat suggère qu’elle aurait mieux fait de demeurer ce qu’elle était initialement destinée à être, c’est-à-dire un principe fondateur de l’ordre juridique. Devant l’impossibilité d’établir un lien de causalité entre la résurgence du principe de dignité humaine en matière de liberté d’expression et la densification de l’arsenal répressif, l’auteur soumet, en fin d’analyse, l’hypothèse selon laquelle ces deux phénomènes sont plutôt des symptômes distinctifs d’un changement sociojuridique en faveur d’une protection plus étendue du pluralisme.
This paper first offers an analysis of recent developments in the repression of expression by Canadian criminal law and French criminal law. The study of changes in public opinion offences reveals two general trends, namely, on the one hand, an increase in the scope of the legislative arsenal in this area and, on the other hand, a decrease in its judicial effects. Noticing the concomitant upsurge of the principle of human dignity in matters of freedom of expression, the author then explores the potential causal relationship between this phenomenon and the trends previously identified. Disregarded as an autonomous limit of freedom of expression, fundamental human dignity can still be taken into account, in France, in the balance of interests and, in Canada, to determine whether the disputed statement is likely to arouse hatred. After a necessary attempt to clarify the nature and scope of the principle of human dignity, it turns out that its inclusion in some form of proportionality control fails to dissolve the problems inherent in the very notion of human dignity, particularly those relating to its indefinite and absolute essence. This finding suggests that it would have been better to remain what it was originally intended to be, namely a founding principle of the legal order. Facing the impossibility of establishing a causal link between the resurgence of the principle of human dignity in matters of freedom of expression and the densification of the repressive arsenal, the author submits, at the end of his analysis, the hypothesis that these two phenomena are rather distinctive symptoms of a socio-legal change in favour of a more extensive protection of pluralism.
Wang, Chunming. "Liberté et souveraineté : le problème de l'expérience chez Sartre et Bataille". Thesis, Lille 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL30041/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn this dissertation, we seek to construct a dialogue between Sartre and Bataille whose confrontation in the forties and fifties should be considered, in our view, as an encounter between two ways of thinking experience and existence that we would like to call, respectively, « thinking of liberty » and « thinking of sovereignty ». We are going to, firstly, outline how these two thinkings could encounter with each other in a confrontational way and, for this purpose, to restore the horizon from which they were able to formulate themselves : if Sartre criticized Bataille for confusing, in The inner experience, the scientific attitude with the existentialiste one and, therefore, describing an experience which is not inner at all, that’s because in adopting a phenomenological method to describe the concrete encounter of existence – which is temporal – by itself, he understood « experience » as what the German phenomenologists called « Erlebnis », namely a sphere of immanence which is radically infusionnable with other spheres of the same type, while the inner experience as Bataille defined it culminates precisely in a fusion of the inner and the exterior that he considered as the fundamental demanding of a developped phenomenology of mind in responding to which he required an immediate existence, that is to say an existence without daly, immerged in the instant. What’s at stake in such a divergence on the meaning of experience and, correspondingly, of existence has much further implications in that both of these two thinkers had the very intention to establish the morality except that for one, it’s a morality of sovereignty whose meaning is paradoxically hypermoral while for the other, it should be a morality of liberty that can only be reached through a radical conversion. What could we learn from these two moralities ? How are they linked to two different, even opposite ways of thinking experience and existence ? These are the two questions that we will try, finally, to respond in order to better measure the stakes of the confrontation between Sartre and Bataille and thus to establish a dialogue which seems prima facie improbable
Treguer, Félix. "Pouvoir et résistance dans l’espace public : une contre-histoire d’Internet (XVe -XXIe siècle)". Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0117/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaTaking contemporary debates on freedom of expression and privacy in the digital age as a starting point, this thesis revisits the history of the Internet at the intersection of legal history, political theory and history of science and technology. Through a long-time study of the clash between power and resistance strategies associated with communication technologies, it aims to contribute to the history of the public sphere and of digital activism. From the inception of the printing press on, the first part provides an overview of the forms of control of the public sphere developed under the modern state power, and of their extension under liberal-representative regimes (15th 21st century). In the second part, the study follows the antagonist utopias that shaped the development of computing technologies to explain the pro found ambivalence of their political appropriations, these technologies being construed both as an instrument of technocratic domination and a tool for emancipation (1930-1990). The third part analyses early controversies around the protection of civil rights online and the growth of digital activism, as the Internet becomes a locus of political struggles in a period marked by neoliberal globalization (1990-2001). Finally, the fourth part surveys recent Internet control measures adopted in the name of the "war on terror" and the repression of some segments of digital activism to illustrate the illiberal drift in state practices (2001-2017). The study thus aims to advance a collective thinking on one of the key questions identified by Michel Foucault in his writings on power: "How can the growth of capabilities" – and more specifically those brought about by "techniques of communication" – "be disconnected from the intensification of power relations?"
Mursalin, Ayub. "Les restrictions à la liberté de religion et de conviction en Indonésie : genèse et enjeux contemporains de la loi anti-blasphème de 1965". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS151.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis proposes a legal, political and social reading of the application of the blasphemy law in the largest Muslim country in the world, Indonesia. Several controversies have emerged in recent years regarding the nature of the blasphemy law in the religious life of the Indonesian democratic society. For instance, disagreement remains with regards to the intent of this law, i.e., whether it really aims at preventing misuse of religion and/or acts of blasphemy, as explicitly mentioned in its title, or whether it intends to restrict the freedom of religion and religious expression. In April 2010, after the examination of the constitutionality of this law, the Indonesian Constitutional Court ruled out the second possibility. The court further argues that even if the law has an unintended effect of restricting the freedom of religion or religious expression, it is not against the constitution since the 1945 Constitution is accompanied by a legal restriction to respect or preserve religious values in particular, as well as morality, security and public order. However, the debates and tensions within society regarding the implementation of this law continue unabated. On the one hand, human rights defenders persist in saying that the existing anti-blasphemy law is contrary to the spirit of democracy. On the other, defenders of religious censorship persist in resisting that this law is necessary to avoid religious conflicts. Through an analysis of legal content and its implementation, I argue that the blasphemy law of 1965 initially aims to hinder the development of the local spiritual belief stream or Javanese mystical groups, which to some extent are considered by Muslims in particular as a threat to existing religions and a source of disintegration of the country. Further, I maintain that the existence of the above-mentioned law has the tendency to restrict the number of religions officially acknowledged by the State and to repress “dissident” or “heterodox” religious movements. If acts considered blasphemous, including the "deviant" religious interpretation of orthodoxy, are punishable offenses, it is not the anti-blasphemy law of 1965 that serves as a reference, but the article 156a of the Penal Code, which has its origin in that blasphemy law does. As a consequence, the blasphemy law of the 1965 is rather used to restrict the freedom of religion and belief in the broad sense, while article 156a of the Penal Code is applied to limit the freedom of religious expression. In Indonesia, as elsewhere, the strengthening of the application of the blasphemy law goes hand in hand with the emergence of radical religious groups intend to promote their totalitarian concept of freedom of expression restrained by respect for the religious faith. The latter make use of this law not only for religious reasons, but also for political reasons, including destabilizing a secular regime or extending their influence. The thesis does not only aim to analyze the nature of the blasphemy law of 1965, but also to propose an alternative perspective in understanding and solving the problem of the legal conflicts in Indonesia pertaining to the two fundamental rights, namely the right to freedom of religion and expression. The thesis also seeks to find a balance between two freedoms and to propose preventive measures that can be adopted in the aforementioned legal conflicts
Arnold, Markus. "Écritures de violence et d’interculturalité : enjeux identitaires dans le roman contemporain mauricien d’expression française et anglaise". Thesis, La Réunion, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LARE0002/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis research project explores the different inscriptions of postcolonial identities in an extensive corpus of Mauritian novels written in French and English between 1990 and 2010. Over these last few decades, aesthetic, thematic and poetic innovation can be observed in a young generation of Francophone Mauritian writers, whereas such tendencies are rare among their Anglophone counterparts. While the former can be characterized by their subversive, demystifying and anti-exoticising postures, as well as their complex ways of interrogating issues of identity, the latter rather seem artistically stagnant. The Mauritian literary field clearly reveals itself as unequal as far as quantity and quality are concerned. A postcolonial ‘cross-reading-against-the-grain’ of these different texts, which focuses on leitmotivs of violence and interculturality, allows us to interrogate critically a certain number of literary tendencies currently found in Mauritius. How do the novels negotiate the island’s topographies and temporalities? Which ethno-cultural logics and ideological dynamics can be found underlying these contemporary texts? How do the novels represent complex factors such as ethnicity, class, gender? In other words, how do the Mauritian writers reflect on – or refuse to do so – the complexity of their multicultural nation? This comparative endeavour aims at understanding the dominant characteristics of a very heterogeneous literary field and seeks to analyze to what extent the new aesthetic tendencies offer original perspectives on contemporary issues of identity in Mauritian society as well as its literary production
Mollon, Maxime. "Design pour débattre : comment créer des artefacts dissonants, et leurs situations de communication, afin d’ouvrir des espaces de contestation mutuelle (agonisme) et d’expression des voix marginales (dissensus)". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLET074.
Pełny tekst źródłaLiving in a democracy or working in a group requires the use of deliberative processes to agree and decide on ways of living together and projecting ourselves into common desirable futures. However, these processes remain an illusion, according to the political philosopher Chantal Mouffe. Because, decision by consensus often marginalises minority opinions, but also, rationality does not make it possible to overcome conflicts. They are rather often rooted in affects. Consequently, how can we open spaces for debate that are participatory, inclusive and that mobilise the affects? What methods and roles for such an agnostic design (from the Greek Agon, adversary)? My first contribution is the definition of the group of practices and of the research field of design for debate. Among these practices, my study focuses on “Discursive Design” for debate, in which programmes such as Critical Design, Speculative Design and Design Fiction participate. The fieldwork (5 design projects) revealed how design can stimulate interpersonal debate when it generates a ‘dissonance’ among the social values of the public, by presenting an ambivalent artefact (which juxtaposes discordant values). I have called this form of ethnomethodology through design, the bridging experiment. As a second result, beyond the simple design of an artefact, design can reach and mobilise a “public” (in the sense of John Dewey) concerned by a latent issue, by joining it in its own context. And, by orchestrating a whole communication situation where audiences and artefacts meet. I offer a descriptive model called the Discursive Design Communication System. Thus, when it thwarts the polarisation of opinions, the artefact takes on the role of a non-human diplomat, which intensifies conflicts in order to connect worlds that do not speak to each other. But also, as a media, design adopts the role of an “agnostic mediating artefact,” which opens up multidimensional communication situations—between human, non-human and fictional actors
Ridley, Simon. "Les sens de la liberté d’expression : socio-anthropologie comparative des campus de Berkeley et de Nanterre : appropriations, retournements, récupérations, recompositions et prolongements des mémoires collectives du Free Speech Movement de 1964 et du Mouvement du 22 Mars de 1968". Thesis, Paris 10, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA100013.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe university is one of the strongest institutions of the modern era. After having been a prime place for dissent in the 1960s, today it is the target of unprecedented attacks by the far-right. This work aims to follow a conflict of definition via a multi-sited ethnography using freedom of expression on university campuses as a world for research. The method combines comparative historical sociology – of the Free Speech Movement (1964) and the Mouvement du 22 Mars (1968) – with a socio-anthropological approach, to shed light over the dualization of the collective memories of student movements. Taking an inductive approach, I travel with my fieldwork via commemorative rites, terrorist attacks, an immersion in several revolutionary groups and a diversity of autonomous practices, all the way to the Trump inauguration and the battle of free speech with the rise of the alt-right and the far-right shows/meetings on campuses, and a series of urban riots. The systematic radical contextualization as well as the practice and genealogy of archives, a living knowledge and lateral comparison, commit to a historical study of the university. Against the theories of human capital and of democracy as a marketplace of ideas, I trace the questions of emancipation following the emergence of a « civic generation » after 1944 to the uses of digital technologies as cultural attacks on democracy. This political ethnography encourages us to (re)think sociology and critical pedagogy as counter-discourses against an anti-intellectual culture, and in doing so it aims to empower a culture of democratic intelligence, a reflexive heritage
Nounguini, Albert. "La prévention et la répression des atteintes à la liberté de l'information et de la communication dans les pays d'Afrique noire francophone". Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010348.
Pełny tekst źródłaFreedom of information and communication considered the comerstone of other essential freedoms guaranteed in all societies that promote the consolidation of the "role of law "and" democracy." This gives did not leave indifferent the black states of Africa, who have proc1aimed this fundamental freedom guaranteed in their national constitutions. The study on the prevention and punishment of violations of freedom of information and communication in the states of black francophone Africa is part of a comparative law perspective. It involves the implementation of preventive and repressive mechanisms at international, regional and each of the States concerned. Indeed, attacks on clt1zens and media players are numerous: physical and assassinations perpetrated violence against journalists, censorship and prohibition of forthcoming; damage to property and communication media. But also attacks on the honour, consideration of others and public affairs are often committed in the exercise of freedom of information and communication. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure protection of victims and media players loyally carrying their social and professional job. This protection implies intemationally, setting in motion mechanisms of the monitoring bodies established by international instruments of a universal character, cultural and regional. Among African states, it involves the implementation of appropriate mechanisms and measures to ensure the prevention and punishment of offenses. The analysis of the mechanisms established to protect this freedom leads to the problem of their effectiveness and efficiency. However, it appears that the mechanisms and measures planned abound positive and negative aspects that need to consider essential reforms, better prevention and suppression of violations of the exercise of that freedom in the states of black Francophone Africa. This study is divided into two parts centred in a descriptive and comprehensive analytical perspective first door on the prevention of violations of freedom of information and communication (First Part), and then the punishment of offenses the exercice of this freedom (Part II)
Berda, Nathalie. "Effets de l'engagement dans différents contextes organisationnels et modes de communication". Montpellier 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON30066.
Pełny tekst źródłaCompliance techniques which are freely consented, such as the foot-in-the-door, the two-feet-in-the-door and the “you are free to…” can lead a person to behave in a way that he would not have done spontaneously. The aim of this study is to test some of these commitment techniques in different organizational contexts while using different types of communication. The thesis focuses on free consenting submission techniques and analyses them with regard to other forms of influence. This analysis leads to the development of five experiments which were applied to the associative, commercial and managerial domains. We obtained three important results. First, we showed that the double foot-in-the-door can be efficient on internet. Second, we noticed that the “you are free to…” is a relevant method to use on the phone. Finally, we provided evidence of the effects of commitment training on employee involvement
Cazeaux, Guillaume. "L’Internet et la formation de l’opinion". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05H021.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe thesis focuses on the effects of the Internet on democracy and the practice of citizenship in the context of a civilization marked by apathy, where television plays a central role. It is to question the relevance of deterministic theories that accord to new technologies of information and communication a significant power to transform the human is in the direction of emancipation, or in that of his alienation. The objective of the research is to produce the most realistic assessment of the impact of the Internet on our individual and collective autonomy.The thesis has three main stages: in the first, the concepts of public opinion, democracy and the role of traditional media are examined through their overt and latent functions, and reveal a constant tension between the human aspiration to the freedom and the need to conform. In the second time, are highlighted various possible effects of the web on citizens. According to their practices, we can clearly see emerge a partition between an active minority, on which the web has a major impact in his relation to the information and citizenship, and a more passive majority. In the third stage, we describe the activity of a citizen media, digital kind of utopia for active citizens.This thesis of philosophy also borrows from other disciplines such as history and sociology, and analyzes some specific and concrete phenomena online
Jeon, Young. "La régulation de la communication audiovisuelle en France et en Corée du Sud". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM1068.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn this convergence environment, only the « plate-forme » could be supply all of the communication formats. We wonder a question about the organization meltdown of the regulation, in the one side, the audiovisual communication and in the other side, the telecoms sector. Thus, a new institution has been created by the 29th February 2008 law n°8867 in matter of the setting and the management of the Korea Communications Commission (KCC) in place of the two preexisting regulation authorities whom run the audiovisual communication and the telecoms. In the same time, since 2007 in France, in consequence of the Senator Bruno RETAILLEAU report, the authorities took one’s stand for a possible fusion between The CSA and the ARCEP. This meltdown shall allow managing the audiovisual communication and the telecoms by the same regulation authority. However, this reform proposal is not still in the agenda, and raises new issues those even the Korean merger was not able to answer. Both the Korean system which runs with the convergence without a guarantee of the regulation independence in front of the State power, and the French system who guaranteed as possible this independence by separating the audiovisual communication regulation from the telecoms. We wonder on the appropriateness of the two systems, and which is the best performing to run the audiovisual communication regulation, to guarantee the independence of communication and the fundamental liberties which rule our democracies
Cazeaux, Guillaume. "L’Internet et la formation de l’opinion". Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05H021.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe thesis focuses on the effects of the Internet on democracy and the practice of citizenship in the context of a civilization marked by apathy, where television plays a central role. It is to question the relevance of deterministic theories that accord to new technologies of information and communication a significant power to transform the human is in the direction of emancipation, or in that of his alienation. The objective of the research is to produce the most realistic assessment of the impact of the Internet on our individual and collective autonomy.The thesis has three main stages: in the first, the concepts of public opinion, democracy and the role of traditional media are examined through their overt and latent functions, and reveal a constant tension between the human aspiration to the freedom and the need to conform. In the second time, are highlighted various possible effects of the web on citizens. According to their practices, we can clearly see emerge a partition between an active minority, on which the web has a major impact in his relation to the information and citizenship, and a more passive majority. In the third stage, we describe the activity of a citizen media, digital kind of utopia for active citizens.This thesis of philosophy also borrows from other disciplines such as history and sociology, and analyzes some specific and concrete phenomena online
Quilton, Arnaud. "L'exercice des droits et libertés fondamentaux sur l'Internet". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM1043.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe practice and customs from cyberspace demonstrates that the overlap between these two topics of study - internet on one hand and human rights on the other part - is permanent : by its very transcendental nature, the network of networks irradiates all the bodies of the society and therefore either directly or indirectly, all the basics Rights and Freedom, be they political, economic or social.Based on this premise, one has to identify with the most objective and accurate manner if the internet has a positive or negative impact on this body of law called « highest » : does that increases its protection and influence or, on the contrary, contributes to erosion, thus emphasizing the possible incompatibility of a theoretical right faced to a dematerialized reality? The answer to this problem, relying largely on a quantitative scientific analysis will establish that a majority of Fundamental Rights and Freedom is praised and even sublimated by the net ; at the same time, a minority of rights and freedoms, deemed to be essential within the hierarchy of basic rights, suffer from this meeting. De facto, the ambivalence of this finding will naturally lead to wonder whether it is appropriate that the theory of fundamental rights can affect, through principles in line with the technical nature of the net, the construction and sustainability of the legal framework of an internet hardly apprehandable within the « traditional » branches of the of law
Debost, Claire. "Les technologies de l'information et de la communication et la relation de soins : invariances et inconstances". Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON10014.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe introduction of information and communication technologies (ICT) in the caring relationship is part of a wider movement, aiming at building a real society of information. Although public health is not spared from those new customs, it nevertheless deserves its own specific study, given the singularity imprinted by patient-doctor relationships. Telemedicine, as a distant medical practice, is characterized by its seniority and the novelty of its normative frame. First of all, offering a spatio-temporal mutation of the medical practice, TIC shift traditional boundaries, including those recognized to the author and finality of the medical act. The doctor-patient bond becomes plural and dematerialized. Then, challenges implied by the resort to TIC, this new technical screen, made very imperious the intervention of the law to supervise and control its use. Caring relationship law resorting to TIC is protean. Doctors and patients' rights and duties invariably apply to this new form of medical practice. However, the lawmaker tried to fill this frame out by initiating dedicated rules, yet remaining piecemeal and lacunar. Resorting to the other fields of law is needed with view to a wide supervision. It however demonstrates its failure or unsuitability for such singular activity
Jacquet, Caroline. "Leibniz et Hesse, existence et harmonie". Thesis, Lyon 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO30021.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe aim of this thesis, is to pursue and examine thoroughly the study of the leibnizian thought we began to process in our Mastership and D.E.A. Looking at the frontier between philosophy and literature, we develop the viewpoint of the leibnizian novelist, Hermann Hesse (1877-1962), whose impressive work offers numerous connections with leibnizian theory. We based our study on the main notions of existence and harmony, which are both important concepts in the works of Leibniz and Hesse. Throwing light on some underlying leibnizian subjects in Hessian poetic thought, we examine the impact of leibnizian metaphysics in the literary universe of Hesse, which, at first sight, escapes to rationality.Analysing the notions of existence and harmony in Hesse and Leibniz leads to define precisely some leibnizian concepts which are very essential ones : expression ( of bodies, minds, universe…), communication, conception of freedom, optimism. In the leibnizian universe, which is a "kaleidoscopic" one and a site where numerous interactions and concomitances take place, the individual, though being determined in his essence as a "monad", i.e. a completely self-sufficient entity, only exists by inclusion in the whole world it belongs to. We tried to reveal the omnipresence of a number of leibnizian concepts in Hesse, who conceives the world as a set of correlations and subtle resonances, governed by an immanent superior Being. Like the leibnizian monad, the hessian individual contains in himself infinite possibilities, which it is his own responsability to explore and develop, in the view of making the experience of happiness. The search for a kind of eudemonism, which constitutes a basic question in the hessian work, is also an existential instanciation of the philosophical concept of optimism, a leibnizian subject. In Hesse's work, man is in search of an art of living, which can make him get self-fulfilment and absolute serenity. Longing for a mental balance, and for a true communication with the outer world – maybe with some divine principle – he is searching his niche in life, in its universal harmony
Makaga, Pea Vivien Patrice. "La souveraineté des Etats africains au 21e siècle : impératifs et menaces". Thesis, Paris 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA020027.
Pełny tekst źródłaColonization then independence require a deep knowledge of Africa in all its geographic, historical, demographic, ethnic, religious and political diversity. Where does Africa stand today as regards economic and political freedom and good governance? Independence has not been given to the people but was rather entrusted to the independence opponents and was maintained in their hands for almost 50 years. Power which is the independence’s concrete expression and sovereignty its symbol have been diverted and given to individuals chosen by the colonial power. Hence, through an intermediary, the colonizer was still in fact managing people’s fate. In order to free itself from dependence, Africa shall supply a tremendous effort by gathering its intellectual, spiritual, moral, material and scientific strengths. Since models cannot be copied, Africa-in order to achieve its goal-will have to build its own patterns from scratch and tailor them to suit various societies. Such models shall be implemented by national and local innovative stakeholders as well as States so-called “nurseryman”. By doing so, the youth will develop themselves through training, funding, organizational and association systems altogether constituent of ecosystem and mutual dependence within African territories. Digital revolution, information technologies and communication have been a game-changer both in Africa and in the rest of the world. Civil society rise in power by the assertion of people’s power is now manifest
Chen, Jinyuan. "Communication au sein d'un canal de broadcast avec feedback limité et retardé : limites fondamentales, nouveaux encodeurs et décodeurs". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENST, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENST0035.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn many multiuser wireless communications scenarios, good feedback is a crucial ingredient that facilitates improved performance. While being useful, perfect feedback is also hard and time-consuming to obtain. With this challenge as a starting point, the main work of thesis seeks to address the simple yet elusive and fundamental question of ``HOW MUCH QUALITY of feedback, AND WHEN, must one send to achieve a certain degrees-of-freedom (DoF) performance''. The work manages to concisely describe the DoF region in a very broad setting corresponding to a general feedback process that, at any point in time, may or may not provide channel state information at the transmitter (CSIT) - of some arbitrary quality - for any past, current or future channel (fading) realization. Under standard assumptions, and under the assumption of sufficiently good delayed CSIT, the work concisely captures the effect of the quality of CSIT offered at any time, about any channel. This was achieved for the two user MISO-BC, and was then immediately extended to the MIMO BC and MIMO IC settings. Further work also considers different aspects of communicating with limited feedback, such as the aspect of global CSI at receivers, and the aspect of diversity. In addition to the theoretical limits and novel encoders and decoders, the work applies towards gaining insights on many practical questions
Schwartz-Miralles, Johanna. "Le lancement d'alertes en droits français et américain". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0470.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis is a comparative study of French and American laws surrounding whistleblowing. Whistleblower laws take multiple forms, including prohibitions against whistleblower retaliation in employment, civil, criminal and civil service provisions; laws enshrining whistleblowers’ rights to anonymity or confidentiality; laws imposing reporting duties; laws restricting the right to report sensitive information; laws imposing mandatory whistleblowing procedures; and provisions authorizing whistleblower rewards. Closely examining the various French and American provisions in the field, this thesis argues that these two legal systems embody competing models of whistleblower protection. The French approach is focused primarily on protecting whistleblowers’ fundamental right to free speech; this is also the prevailing model at the European level. The American approach, on the other hand, is less concerned with protecting the whistleblower’s individual right to free speech than with the instrumental value of the whistleblower’s disclosure in preventing and detecting illegal activity. This thesis traces how these competing theoretical models of whistleblower protection manifest themselves, concretely, in legislation and case law in France and the United States
Grandjean, Isabelle Marie-Françoise. "Pied-dans-la-porte et stratégie de communication engageante en entreprise : effets sur la participation, l'implication affective et la satisfaction au travail de salariés". Lorient, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LORIS180.
Pełny tekst źródłaWe propose to test out a form of social influence which tries to answer the question: how lead an individual to change his behavior such as he decides to act by himself and in total freedom? In the respect of the ‘free will compliance’ paradigm (Joule & Beauvois, 1987, 1998), we have intervened in the demanding work world, within a big engineering company. On the one hand, we have implemented a well-known incentive technique, the ‘Foot-In-The-Door’ (Freedman & Fraser, 1966) which announces that one has more chance to obtain the achievement of an act by someone who had accomplished a less substantial act before. We have personalized this technique by communicating via electronic mail and by introducing a variable recognized as decisive, the identification level of the first request (Vallacher & Wegner, 1985). On the other hand, we have set up a series of preparatory acts within the framework of ‘binding communication’ (Joule, 2000) which actions organized by HR service become integrated into visual information campaign about the enterprise. We have studied the effectiveness of these techniques on behaviors such as employees’ participation and performance and on two professional attitudes, organizational affective commitment (Allen & Meyer, 1990) and job satisfaction (Weiss, 2002). The obtained effects are promising and principally interpreted according to the theory of commitment (Kiesler, 1971; Joule & Beauvois, 1998); they highlight interesting repercussions for employees as much as their managers
Chen, Jinyuan. "Communication au sein d'un canal de broadcast avec feedback limité et retardé : limites fondamentales, nouveaux encodeurs et décodeurs". Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENST0035/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn many multiuser wireless communications scenarios, good feedback is a crucial ingredient that facilitates improved performance. While being useful, perfect feedback is also hard and time-consuming to obtain. With this challenge as a starting point, the main work of thesis seeks to address the simple yet elusive and fundamental question of ``HOW MUCH QUALITY of feedback, AND WHEN, must one send to achieve a certain degrees-of-freedom (DoF) performance''. The work manages to concisely describe the DoF region in a very broad setting corresponding to a general feedback process that, at any point in time, may or may not provide channel state information at the transmitter (CSIT) - of some arbitrary quality - for any past, current or future channel (fading) realization. Under standard assumptions, and under the assumption of sufficiently good delayed CSIT, the work concisely captures the effect of the quality of CSIT offered at any time, about any channel. This was achieved for the two user MISO-BC, and was then immediately extended to the MIMO BC and MIMO IC settings. Further work also considers different aspects of communicating with limited feedback, such as the aspect of global CSI at receivers, and the aspect of diversity. In addition to the theoretical limits and novel encoders and decoders, the work applies towards gaining insights on many practical questions
Fichaux, Etienne. "Le design comme dispositif communicationnel entre l’art et l’industrie". Thesis, Rennes 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN20001/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe aim of this research was to build in theory a concept of design as a communication device, first between two groups or moral persons : art and industry. The first part seeks for a definition of “art”, “industry”, “design” ; the emergence and evolution of these notions. A second part is aimed at building a concept of design that would distinguish itself from the usual definition of design understood only in its industrial extent, which is a phenomenon limited to the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The third part is an attempt to link this phenomenon with that of the emergence of a mediatic worldwide scene and universal exibition in order to produce modernism as a religion for the industrial era. This theoretical work also offers to measure how art is being modified by and through this industrial system, and on the other hand how some artists make the dream of a greater aesthetical attention progress in this system
Latil, Arnaud. "Création et droits fondamentaux". Thesis, Lyon 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO30073/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe legal approach to the notion of creation is vague. It is traditionally considered in the light of intellectual property rights (copyright, patent, design, etc.), but this approach is insufficient. Fundamental rights show us this. They let us distinguish between its different dimensions: creation as both a human activity (a creative act) and an object of property (a creative good). The freedom of creation protects and ensures the creative act. However, the nature of the former remains unclear. It fluctuates between falling within the freedom of expression and the freedom to conduct a business. Furthermore, the proportionality test leads to the limits of creative freedom being examined in terms of “laws of the creative type”. Fundamental rights then require us to go beyond the concept of the creative act as a message.The creative good is protected by property law. Fundamental rights, however, bring into question the French concept of a creative good by further emphasising their economic aspect. Moreover, the proportionality test means retracing the boundaries of property law by taking into account its social functions. Fundamental rights therefore blur the line between property law and unfair competition law
Barry, Oumou Salamata. "Le traitement médiatique de la crise guinéenne de 2007". Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BOR30019/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaAs in many African countries, the Republic of Guinea experienced a major political and social crisis in 2007, a crisis that has caused many casualties. In January 2007, thousands of Guineans took to the streets to denounce the increasing deterioration of the economic and social situation of the country and the repeated interference of President Lansana Conté in court cases. Our research topic focused on the treatment of this crisis by the Guinean press. The content analysis method adopted allowed us to analyze the positioning newspapers deal with the crisis, instead devoted to the subject, the view adopted in articles etc. The analysis to draw conclusions on the media coverage of the event, on the orientation of its journalistic treatment and the acquisition of political, ideological and emotional position of journalists and newspapers
Mpika, Claude. "Les médias privés et la problématique de la liberté de l’information et de la communication dans le processus de démocratisation en Afrique subsaharienne francophone de 1990 à 2016 : le cas du Congo-Brazzaville". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LORR0101.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe end of the twentieth century will undoubtedly remain forever engraved in the collective memory or in history as an essential moment of political upheaval marked by the progress of democratic ideology. Like most countries of French-speaking sub-Saharan Africa, the Republic of Congo is committed at the end of the National Conference of 1991 in a process of political democratization which seems to drag on until our days, involving the whole or partial liberalization of the media landscape, thus placing the new private written press at the heart of the democratization of society. It was time to sound the death knell for the monopoly of the public media and to allow the emergence and enlargement of a new public space where pluralism of opinion and freedom of expression. The flourishing of newspapers having led to an abusive use of the freedom of your found , the “dividing line” between the press and the political world remains blurred in a country which is going to face a series of socio-political conflicts pushing the new Congolese private print press to be divided into two main camps, that is to say the pro-power press and the pro-opposition press. By relying on qualitative and quantitative methods, our objective through this thesis is to study how the biweekly Catholic La Semaine Africaine has treated the subjects that have marked the news Congolese politics between 1990 and 2016 by trying to identify its attitudes and its positions vis-à-vis different socio-political events allows us to understand that, thanks to its freedom of tone, the Catholic newspaper approaches without complacency and in all impartiality all the national political current affairs, even those who are considered sensitive to the government in power. Space of expression of all Congolese political sensitivities, without distinction, La Semaine Africaine played an important role in the process of democratization of the country between 1990 and 2016, by fighting for the consolidation of democracy and by getting fully involved in the opening of spaces for debate and in the formation of public opinion in favor of democratic governance
Rikabi, Mouaz. "Les droits de la propriété intellectuelle et l'intérêt général : approche en droit d’auteur et en droit des brevets". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0019.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe evolution of the industrial economy towards the economy of knowledge has propelled intellectual property to the forefront. Intellectual property has become integrated in all the domains of the modern life. As a result, it has become a necessity to protect it effectively through appropriate legal rules that encourage creators to continue to provide new creations. However, the specificity of the nature of the work protected by intellectual property requires the consideration of multiple conflicting interests. As such, the legislator has sought, in the name of the general interest, to create a fair internal balance between the main interests present within the system of intellectual property rights. Nevertheless, the exercise of the prerogatives granted by the intellectual property system, carried out by the owner of intellectual property, has caused an important expansion of the interests of this owner, to the detriment of other concurrent interests. This has consequently caused a break in the internal balance of the system, instigated by the legislator. Nonetheless, the general interest can play a key role in restoring balance through the application of external rules to the intellectual property regime. In this perspective, the judge can, by using his creative power of jurisprudence, use the general interest as a guideline to restore balance in the intellectual property system. The general interest justifies thus, as well as the intrinsic limits to intellectual property rights, the extrinsic limits to these rights
Alzu'bi, Hadeel. "Recherche sur le droit des attroupements et rassemblements "Contribution à l’étude de l’ordre public en droit français"". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0086.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn French law, the rules governing gatherings and assemblies sit at the crossroads of administrative and criminal law. They go beyond the right to protest, which is recognised and protected, whilst also being a new way for citizens to demonstrate their opinions, often conveyed via the internet. Such positions often share a spontaneous and immediate nature, as well as taking highly eclectic forms. Polysemous and constantly evolving in terms of its content, public order limits the freedom of demonstration of which it is a corollary. Consequently, a balance between the two is required, illustrated by tolerance on the part of the administrative authorities of a certain degree of disorder. It is currently the only way to reconcile the interests of public authority and gatherings mobilised in the streets. One of the main tasks of police forces is to maintain order. Preventive mechanisms and operations intended to re-establish public order must be guided by necessity and proportionality, which are recognised at European and national levels, thus ensuring the legitimacy of police intervention. The aim pursued by this research is to attempt to define a single set of rules governing gatherings, based on public order within a consistent and relevant system, which is an indicator of the level of democracy in modern systems. That guiding principle is based on legislation, case law and jurisprudence, as well as the practicalities of maintaining public order
Langard, Stéphanie. "Approche juridique de la télémédecine : entre droit commun et règles spécifiques". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0206.
Pełny tekst źródłaTelemedicine allows use of information and telecommunication technologies in medical practice. Tried and tested in recent years by our health care system, it is considered as a modern means to current challenges: aging population, unequal access to health care delivery, medical desertification, etc. On health actors' request, the legislator has organized a legal framework for telemedicine by law n ° 2009-879 of 21 July 2009 reforming hospital system, and related to patients, to health care system and applicable in all territories, it is also embedded in the public health code. Telemedicine is governed by separate rules: those related to telemedicine's acts and those related to telemedicine's activity. Given the fact that telemedicine is based on medical procedures practiced through information and telecommunication technologies, it has to be regulated by ordinary laws rules on medical procedures as well as information and telecommunication technologies'rules. Thus, ordinary law rules and specific provisions currently coexist. Between ordinary law rules and specific provisions, does the telemedicine framework really fit with medical procedure?s requirements ?
Tilman, Laora. "L’utilisation des technologies de l’information et de la communication à l’hôpital face au droit". Thesis, Lille 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL20008/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe use of ICT has become increasingly important in hospitals. However, the legal framework structuring its use is very complex to grasp. Indeed, it is made up of general laws as well as specific ones and makes this framework sometimes unconsistent. To provide an optimal legal framework for the ICT to expand safely, the legislator needs to strike the right balance between protecting fundamental rights and securing practices. As the current legal framework does not provide this delicate balance, public authorities have a strategic role to play to ensure a secure use of ICT within hospitals. To guarantee the development of consistent projects, a strong governance has to set up a national leadership. The legal framework needs to be rehabilitated to support digital innovation in Healthcare and to ensure a legal protection required for an appropriate use of ICT. Hospitals have then a key role to play in securing their practices
Doro, Raffaello Ares. "Les radios libres en Italie et en France des années soixante-dix aux années quatre-vingt-dix : de la recherche de la liberté d'expression à l'affirmation de la radiophonie commerciale". Thesis, Paris 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA020030/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe thesis presents an historical analysis of the birth and evolution of free radios in Italy and France between the beginning of ‘70s (seventies) and the end of ‘80s (eighties) of the 20th century. The comparative character of the study highlights the similarities and divergences of both the historical-social processes and the various political systems which determined the emergence and transformation of such from-the-ground means of communication, out of the central monopoly of the State as well as their insertion in the proper frame of national media. The study finds its place in the historical context of the two countries. The route of free radios shows how one passed from the original claim of ‘taking-the-word’, of off-centred communication, of realization of democratic media, to the affirmation in the Eighties of the model of commercial radio, influenced by the centrality of the television and the commercials. The evolution of free radios contributes to redefine the audio-visual landscape of the two countries, causing the end of the public monopoly of the radio and TV broadcast. Free radios, expressing the point-of-new of political, cultural and religious groups of local communities, represented a moment of opening and democratization of the media sector and of widening of spaces of the public sphere. Although these objectives in the Eighties, thanks also to a changed political, social and economic frame, were substituted by the affirmation of the music radios, communitary radios, which favored non-profit forms of communication of proximity, constituted the direct heir of free radios. Despite they occupied a reduced space in the media system of the two countries, they proved the social importance of alternative and local means of communication, with respect to the radiophonic contents and the organization, partially anticipating certain features of interactivity which will be recovered years later with the rise of the web-radios
Karamaguioli, Vassiliki. "Droits de l’homme, Internet, et processus politiques participatifs : réinventer une relation à l’ère du numérique au profit des citoyens". Thesis, Paris 8, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA080062.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis examines the implications of the use of the Internet in the political process and discusses the degree to which the Internet is a suitable space for the articulation of citizen democracy. The issues to be addressed are: Is the use of the Internet the appropriate mean to maintain a balance between the communicative power and modern democracies functioning? Does its usage risk of harm democracy and which the interrelation between the flourishing of human rights and the way Governments all around the world define the citizens -policy makers relation
Andrianarison, Francis. "Trois essais sur les institutions et le développement". Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28818/28818.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaEgo, Audrey. "Les droit fondamentaux de l'auteur et l'environnement numérique : l'exemple de l'oeuvre pédégogique numérique". Thesis, Lille 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL20021.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe thesis deals with "The fundamental rignts of the author in the digial age". If the author has a accrued legal protection, it's essential to offer to him a wide freedom of creation. The objective of the research is to study how fundamental rights capture the author in the context of our society, which is increasingly based on information, exchange and communication. This topic concerns in particular the application of the copyright's rules as part of creation, dissemination, valorization of digital teaching resources produded by the universities
Poudiougo, Augustin. "Mondialisation et philosophie : idéal universaliste moderne et mondialisation aujourd’hui". Thesis, Paris Est, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PEST0010.
Pełny tekst źródłaNowadays universalization worries everyone: individuals, communities, groups, States, policies, citizens ordinary, university, intellectuals, nonintellectuals, humanity. The swarming of economic surveys especially and the demonstration of innumerable social movements, conferences and speeches political that it causes are the evidence. There is not there a reason to make an object of reflexion for philosophy, it which wants to have the intelligence of the things and the world, to be a search of sense and an awakening of the concerns of time? Certain factors make it possible to postulate that universalization is a multidimensional phenomenon, whether it expresses or expresses the universal one. Which are then the philosophical bases of the mondialism, expression of modern universalism? Located in time and space, universalization seems not to have the same effects for all. Moreover, our globalized world appears sick, dangerous and meaningless. Social justice, lasting peace and safety, solidarity, the safeguarding of the ecosystem, the survival of the planet ground and the mankind constitute its challenges. These aspects do not express the sign of a break-up with the values universalists of modernity: ideal of freedom, equality, autonomy, peace and happiness of the man? How then to found a thought of the universalization which is creative sense and of hope? Such are the great interrogations to which this thesis relates, being held in four stages: - To discover universalization (universalization like process) - To think universalization (of modern universalism to the mondialism) - To react to universalization (starting from the African context) - To act in universalization (to refound an ethics of responsibility)
Aborawi, Ahmed. "L'usage des technologies de l'information et de la communication par les professeurs des universités lybiennes : le cas des archives ouvertes et des périodiques électroniques sur le web". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAL018.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis study analyses mind agreement and use of electronic journals and open archivesmade by Libyan universities teachers. So, it aims identification of relationship between, onone hand, the use of electronic journals and open archives and, on second hand, any very important factors, and parts from socio-demographic conditions as gender, Research domain, age and number of practice years.It was developed in a particular context, i.e. in an Arabic country, in way of development, in which socio-politic environment is constitutive, as we think, of a true limiting factor.In the aim of giving answers to this problem, we naturally were led to use quantitative method based on questionnaire. So, 359 teachers, scattered on five disciplines,gave answers to our questionnaire.So, the subject was to understand relationship between the specialty that Libyan university teachers are operating in and their use of TIC, the preferences of electronic journals users, their comportments when encountering any advantages or disadvantages of these journals they use, the users knowledge about open access, and, last topic, the state of the art about benefits due to open access sources. Finally, the results of this study give us new and recent knowledge on teaching practices of Libyan University teachers and open on interesting appliances
Ayibatin, Alphadio Modesto. "L'influence du griot et des médias dans le processus démocratique : le cas du Bénin et de la Guinée". Thesis, Paris 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA020068.
Pełny tekst źródłaThroughout our research, we proved that the griot is the one who manages to travel back in time through speech. This allows historians to rewrite the history of the African continent remained long in orality. This oral communication carried by the griot requires a lack of objectivity but still has major importance in African society. Just as the media report the facts, the griot, thanks to his mastery of speech and through expressive elements and musical instruments published also highlights his city and thus able to participate in the democratic process in Guinea. Taking more care of political commentary, the griot marries history to produce ideology, establishing a historical continuity in conformity with this. The griot does not hesitate to include in the skin of the characters, to praise the chef's promises for which he works. Exactly as do African media also tend to praise the political actors. The humor of the griot in criticism against the policies, contributes to the democratic process. But the concept of media freedom is a goal in Africa, to help its sustainable development. We must recognize that the concept of media freedom is constitutionalized in Guinea and Benin, to a change of perspective of the culture of media will but is not completely guaranteed. In Benin, as in Guinea, the fear is still palpable among citizens who want to exercise their rights. Especially the Benin which wants a model and had the admiration of the great democracies between 1990 and 2006 is emulated across Africa has fallen from its pedestal. Despite relative long practice of liberal and pluralist democracy, concerns weigh on the evolution of politics and media in those countries. The peaceful demonstrations to denounce the abuses of power and demand respect for democratic freedoms were violently dispersed by security forces. On sensitive issues, citizens are afraid to express themselves. Even reassured, they fear reprisals from security forces
Karamaguioli, Vassiliki. "Droits de l’homme, Internet, et processus politiques participatifs : réinventer une relation à l’ère du numérique au profit des citoyens". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA080062.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis examines the implications of the use of the Internet in the political process and discusses the degree to which the Internet is a suitable space for the articulation of citizen democracy. The issues to be addressed are: Is the use of the Internet the appropriate mean to maintain a balance between the communicative power and modern democracies functioning? Does its usage risk of harm democracy and which the interrelation between the flourishing of human rights and the way Governments all around the world define the citizens -policy makers relation
Andréasson, Louise. "Les exercices communicatifs dans l'enseignement du francais langue étrangère au lycée". Thesis, Växjö University, School of Humanities, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-2037.
Pełny tekst źródłaRossi, Julien. "Protection des données personnelles et droit à la vie privée : enquête sur la notion controversée de « donnée à caractère personnel »". Thesis, Compiègne, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COMP2549.
Pełny tekst źródłaInternet and digital information and communication technologies in general are often portrayedas a threat to privacy. This gives rise to many debates, both in the media and among decisionmakers. The Snowden revelations, in 2013, followed by the adoption in 2016 of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), have moved these discussions under the spotlight of the publicsphere.The research presented in this dissertation was born out of three questions: can we define what“privacy” is? Is there any consensus on its definition? And does this consensus change with theevolution of the technical milieu transforming our ways of communicating, and by doing so, theway in which our privacy can be intruded upon? By defining “privacy” as the object which is protected by normative texts – laws, court decisions,techno-political standards of the Internet – protecting the right to privacy, it becomes possible toconduct an empirical study of how it evolved and how it has been a topic of contention. Data protection law emerged in Europe during the 1970’s. Its aim was to protect a “privacy” that was perceived as under threat by the advent of computers. Currently, the GDPR, or somedocuments adopted by standards-settings organisations like the Internet Engineering Task Force(IETF) or the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), are written with the intention that they protect this privacy through a set of rules and principles referred to as “data protection”, that apply to “personal data”. The legal definitions of this notion produced by political institutions and those crafted instandards-settings bodies are identical. Furthermore, the study of the genealogy of data protection reveals that computer scientists have played a pivotal role in the invention of the principles that “data protection” still relies on, for instance in the GDPR. The analysis of the controversies that took place in the shaping of these rules shows that the notion of “personal data” written down in the normative texts we analysed essentially reflects the beliefs system of a coalition inspired by liberal utilitarian ideals, valuing individual autonomy and granting importance to the respect of one’s consent. This framing of “privacy” has become the paradigm on the field. Other theories, such as those defining “privacy” as a space bound by collectively defined borders protecting it from the public eye, or those advocating the recognition of private property rights on personal data, have been less successful in shaping policy out comes.The advent and spread of networked computers have not directly determined the evolution of theobject that is protected by the right to privacy. It is, rather, the perceptions a group of actors had of computers, that caused such an evolution. Convinced that their liberal conception of privacy issocially valuable, they managed to craft a new legal category during the 1970’s in Europe: the right to the protection of personal data. The GDPR, adopted in 2016, just like Web standards aiming at enhancing the protection of privacy, rely those same principles that were invented during these early debates. Therefore, it can be said that the emergence of computers has indeed, but indirectly, been a triggering factor in the evolution of “privacy” defined as the object protected by the right to privacy
Le, Falher Olivier. "Mettre en forme le travail artistique : les ressources de l’incertitude dans l’accueil en résidence d’artistes plasticiens". Thesis, Avignon, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AVIG1096/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaDuring the last thirty years, visual artists have had to familiarize themselves with a wide range of public support devices that operate long before the art works are completed and that are part of the creation process itself. This kind of partnership requires advance planning of the resources, the duration and the goals to be achieved, all of which seem in contradiction with the specificity of an artist’s work, where both the process and the final result are never entirely predictable. Can public support policies for artistic creation fit into this kind of uncertainty ? I answer this question positively, basing myself on a study of Artist in Residence programs for visual artists in France. Such programs are a typical means of socializing both the time and the space of an artist’s work. Thus I examine the artistic work by studying the documents which both shape and institutionalize it. Through the Communication Sciences, I first compare two official texts on Artist in Residence programs, and secondly I examine a corpus of calls for applications sent out to visual artists. In both cases I highlight the tension between two contrasting visions of artistic work. Either the artist is recognized for his experimentation and his research alone, or he is engaged for a commissioned work within a well-defined cultural program. In the third part of this study, I look at the Artist in Residence programs for visual artists in the city of Marseille. I examine the different mediations along the chain of artistic production, from the selection of the artist through to the exhibiting of the finished work(s), and including the commentaries around the project. We see that the uncertainty surrounding the artistic creation appears, in fact, to be a means for those in charge of these programs to share their expertise (and actively participate) within the period of time that separates the beginning of an art work from its finished version. This thesis, by associating the discourse analysis and the qualitative methods (observations and interviews), posits that the uncertainty discussed above is, in fact, a conventional, predictable and routine dimension of public support for artistic creation
Rondeau, Dany. "Prolégomènes à une éthique globale interculturelle". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/NQ65430.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaJourdaa, Laurent. "Les contentieux de l'image : étude de jurisprudence comparée". Phd thesis, Toulon, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01022726.
Pełny tekst źródłaMalekian, Hajar. "La libre circulation et la protection des données à caractère personnel sur Internet". Thesis, Paris 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA020050.
Pełny tekst źródłaFree flow of data and personal data protection on the Internet Protection of personal data is an autonomous fundamental right within the European Union (Article 8 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of European Union). Moreover, free flow of personal data and free movement of information society services in particular online platforms is essential for the development of digital single market in European Union. The balance between free movement of data and personal data protection is subject of the European legal framework. However, the main challenge still remains to strike the right balance between effective personal data protection and free flow of this data and information society services. This balance is not an easy task especially in the age of online platforms, Big Data and processing algorithms like Machine Learning and Deep Learning