Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Les parties

Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Les parties”

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Data publikacji: 22 czerwca 2024

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Les parties"

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Szabados. "Transhumanist Parties as Niche Parties". Journal of Posthuman Studies 2, nr 2 (2019): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/jpoststud.2.2.0007.

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Szabados, Krisztian. "Transhumanist Parties as Niche Parties". Journal of Posthuman Studies 2, nr 2 (1.06.2018): 213–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/jpoststud.2.2.0213.

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ABSTRACT Political parties advocating transhumanist ideas have recently sprung up in a great number of countries, supported by rapid technological and scientific progress. This article examines whether any of the various frameworks of niche party theory can adequately describe transhumanist parties. It is discussed how the nicheness of transhumanist parties can be conceptualized. After determining the common set of issues that ideologically diverse transhumanist political organizations accentuate, this article conducts a qualitative analysis to justify the “proto-nicheness” of transhumanist parties within the spatial and salience theories. Two new accounts will be put forward based on Bischof’s consumer market analogy and Hughes’s three-dimensional conceptualization of contemporary politics.
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McMurray, Janice. "Parties". Activities, Adaptation & Aging 14, nr 1-2 (21.12.1989): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j016v14n01_14.

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Maeda, Ko. "What Motivates Moderation? Policy Shifts of Ruling Parties, Opposition Parties and Niche Parties". Representation 52, nr 2-3 (2.07.2016): 215–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00344893.2017.1288165.

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Watson, Harry L., i Joel H. Silbey. "Parties Count". Reviews in American History 13, nr 4 (grudzień 1985): 538. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2702585.

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Kaebnick, Gregory E. "Third Parties". Hastings Center Report 50, nr 6 (listopad 2020): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hast.1190.

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Smith, Laura. "Tortoise parties". BSAVA Companion 2013, nr 2 (1.02.2013): 20–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22233/20412495.0213.20.

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Coleman, S. "THE PARTIES". Parliamentary Affairs 49, nr 4 (1.10.1996): 666–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.pa.a028703.

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Bailey, Christopher J. "Political parties". Contemporary Record 3, nr 3 (luty 1990): 12–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13619469008581066.

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Victor Yang. "Sardine Parties". Fourth Genre: Explorations in Nonfiction 20, nr 1 (2018): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.14321/fourthgenre.20.1.0025.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Les parties"

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Teorell, Jan. "Demokrati eller fåtalsvälde om beslutsfattande i partiorganisationer /". Uppsala : Distributor, Universitetsbiblioteket, 1998. http://books.google.com/books?id=qbSIAAAAMAAJ.

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Maciel, Elda Maria Freire. "Caminhos e Descaminhos de um Pensar Plural: o pensamento polÃtico do partido dos trabalhadores". Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2009. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=3050.

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FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico
RESUMO Este trabalho analisa a formaÃÃo e o desenvolvimento do pensamento polÃtico do Partido dos Trabalhadores (PT) no perÃodo compreendido entre sua fundaÃÃo em 1980 à realizaÃÃo de seu 1Â. Congresso Nacional em 1991. A escolha desse tema se deu ao refletir sobre como o PT construiu o seu corpo simbÃlico ou o seu capital polÃtico no decurso de sua trajetÃria de lutas e como se capacitou para efetivÃ-lo atravÃs do conjunto partidÃrio. Tal dÃvida se manifestou quando analisava documentos (resoluÃÃes de encontros, congressos, reuniÃes etc.) dessa organizaÃÃo, inclusive de suas vÃrias tendÃncias e percebia como enfatizavam o fato do PT ter incorporado ânovas teoriasâ, ânovas prÃticasâ, ânovos rumosâ durante sua trajetÃria e por isso, ser um ânovo partidoâ ou um partido diferente do projeto originÃrio. A inquietaÃÃo com tal leitura me levou a refletir sobre uma premissa que considero fundamental para a vida das organizaÃÃes sociais como um todo, qual seja, que toda organizaÃÃo polÃtica necessita de uma referÃncia teÃrica sÃlida para formar-se e desenvolver-se. E claro isso advÃm de um processo de produÃÃo e de re-significaÃÃo de idÃias e prÃticas que de forma alguma sÃo absolutamente ânovasâ, mas que se articula com experiÃncias vividas por outras organizaÃÃes polÃticas em meio a novas realidades, a novos contextos sociais e tambÃm, a determinados tempos histÃricos. Os dados da pesquisa foram coletados nas resoluÃÃes partidÃrias aprovadas desde o surgimento do Movimento prÃ-PT, passando pelos 07 encontros nacionais e um extraordinÃrio e pelo 1Â. Congresso Nacional. Contudo, foram consultados tambÃm artigos de militantes petistas, boletins, folhetos de propaganda eleitoral, programa de governo do PT e outros materiais. Ao todo foram analisados 53 documentos partidÃrios. Como procedimento teÃrico-metodolÃgico optei pela anÃlise das categorias bÃsicas do pensamento petista, dos fenÃmenos sociais privilegiados por ele, da ontologia de suas idÃias, de sua pretensÃo crÃtica, das escolas de pensamento e Ideologia ao qual o PT se identificava. Para analisar o material coletado me orientei pela perspectiva teÃrico-metodolÃgica de Antonio Gramsci sobre sua concepÃÃo de partido polÃtico. Mas tambÃm a instrumentaÃÃo fornecida pela AnÃlise de Discurso (AD) foi fundamental. A conclusÃo deste estudo fornece indicaÃÃes sobre a construÃÃo do pensamento polÃtico petista em meio à conturbada dÃcada de 80, percebendo-o como uma sÃntese de rupturas, de superaÃÃo e ao mesmo tempo de continuidade com o pensamento dos partidos de esquerda que o precederam demonstrando assim, caracteres ambÃguos, conflituosos e contraditÃrios que concretamente incidiram para a prÃtica petista.
RESUMO Este trabalho analisa a formaÃÃo e o desenvolvimento do pensamento polÃtico do Partido dos Trabalhadores (PT) no perÃodo compreendido entre sua fundaÃÃo em 1980 à realizaÃÃo de seu 1Â. Congresso Nacional em 1991. A escolha desse tema se deu ao refletir sobre como o PT construiu o seu corpo simbÃlico ou o seu capital polÃtico no decurso de sua trajetÃria de lutas e como se capacitou para efetivÃ-lo atravÃs do conjunto partidÃrio. Tal dÃvida se manifestou quando analisava documentos (resoluÃÃes de encontros, congressos, reuniÃes etc.) dessa organizaÃÃo, inclusive de suas vÃrias tendÃncias e percebia como enfatizavam o fato do PT ter incorporado ânovas teoriasâ, ânovas prÃticasâ, ânovos rumosâ durante sua trajetÃria e por isso, ser um ânovo partidoâ ou um partido diferente do projeto originÃrio. A inquietaÃÃo com tal leitura me levou a refletir sobre uma premissa que considero fundamental para a vida das organizaÃÃes sociais como um todo, qual seja, que toda organizaÃÃo polÃtica necessita de uma referÃncia teÃrica sÃlida para formar-se e desenvolver-se. E claro isso advÃm de um processo de produÃÃo e de re-significaÃÃo de idÃias e prÃticas que de forma alguma sÃo absolutamente ânovasâ, mas que se articula com experiÃncias vividas por outras organizaÃÃes polÃticas em meio a novas realidades, a novos contextos sociais e tambÃm, a determinados tempos histÃricos. Os dados da pesquisa foram coletados nas resoluÃÃes partidÃrias aprovadas desde o surgimento do Movimento prÃ-PT, passando pelos 07 encontros nacionais e um extraordinÃrio e pelo 1Â. Congresso Nacional. Contudo, foram consultados tambÃm artigos de militantes petistas, boletins, folhetos de propaganda eleitoral, programa de governo do PT e outros materiais. Ao todo foram analisados 53 documentos partidÃrios. Como procedimento teÃrico-metodolÃgico optei pela anÃlise das categorias bÃsicas do pensamento petista, dos fenÃmenos sociais privilegiados por ele, da ontologia de suas idÃias, de sua pretensÃo crÃtica, das escolas de pensamento e Ideologia ao qual o PT se identificava. Para analisar o material coletado me orientei pela perspectiva teÃrico-metodolÃgica de Antonio Gramsci sobre sua concepÃÃo de partido polÃtico. Mas tambÃm a instrumentaÃÃo fornecida pela AnÃlise de Discurso (AD) foi fundamental. A conclusÃo deste estudo fornece indicaÃÃes sobre a construÃÃo do pensamento polÃtico petista em meio à conturbada dÃcada de 80, percebendo-o como uma sÃntese de rupturas, de superaÃÃo e ao mesmo tempo de continuidade com o pensamento dos partidos de esquerda que o precederam demonstrando assim, caracteres ambÃguos, conflituosos e contraditÃrios que concretamente incidiram para a prÃtica petista.
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Ligon, Rebecca. "Ghost Parties". University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1460297955.

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Mosiichuk. "LOGISTICS PARTIES". Thesis, Київ 2018, 2018. http://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/33818.

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Kostovska, Tanja. "Les partis politiques en Macédoine d’après 1990 : du monopartisme idéologique au pluralisme politique". Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR40006.

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Les partis politiques macédoniens ont été relativement peu étudiés. Les problèmes de la construction du nouvel Etat, à la fois dans un environnement difficile et quant à l’intégration de l’importante minorité albanaise, ont éclipsé ceux du nouveau système politique. L’attention portée à l’ingénierie constitutionnelle y a contribué. Pourtant, les partis sont au cœur de la démocratie pluraliste.En dehors de la problématique commune de la formation des partis politiques dans les transitions post-communistes, le cas macédonien présente des originalités par le rôle des racines historiques pour les partis relevants et l’importance des partis ethniques, qui ont évolué entre la contestation de l’Etat et du nouveau système et l’intégration politique par la participation grandissante au jeu démocratique, y compris au niveau gouvernemental
Macedonian political parties have been relatively little studied. In Macedonia, political system transformation has been mainly dominated by state building issues, problems related to Albanian minority integration and the process of designing a new constitutional arrangement. Nevertheless, political parties are considered to be key actors in pluralist democracy. Macedonian parties have their own particularities when compared to general models of post-communist party development. The originality of the Macedonian parties thus lies in the importance accorded to historical legacies in party formation, as well as in the role played by ethnic actors in the process of democratization
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Gueorguieva, Petia. "La social-démocratie en Europe centrale et orientale: convergences et divergences par rapport à l'identité sociale-démocrate "occidentale"?" Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210951.

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Ortega, Frei Eugenio. "Historia de una alianza política : el Partido socialista de Chile y el Partido demócrata cristiano, 1973-1988 /". Santiago : Ed. Chile América : Centro de estudios del desarrollo, 1992. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37452664f.

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Raniolo, Francesco. "A rereading of the types of parties. Strategies, links and transformations". Politai, 2013. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/91688.

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Political parties are topics well known to women and men of the XXI century that live in both democratic and authoritarian regimes. Even though political parties originally emerged in order to represent people’s claims and to organize popular participation, today they seem to be relegated to the «Palace» or places where political power can be found. They have weak social roots, but exert a wide control of the State. This article retraces the parabola of political parties, highlighting their nature as complex organizations. Parties have to face four «organizational problems» related to: internal participation, organizational structure, mobility of resources and relations with their environment (strategic problem). Generally, parties adopt strategies to maximize their votes, presence in office and policy seeking, or their mix. These strategies usually affect the ways to face and eventually solve other organizational problems. The same historical party types will be examined through the analysis of these external and internal organizational problems.
Apreciados o no, lo cierto es que los partidos se han vuelto un asunto familiar para las mujeres y los hombres del siglo XXI, así hayan vivido en regímenes democráticos o autoritarios. Los partidos políticos nacieron para representar las demandas procedentes de abajo y para orga- nizar la participación popular. Sin embargo, hoy en día parecen estar relegados en el «Palacio»; es decir, en los sitios de poder político. A pesar de tener un débil arraigo social, tienen un gran alcance en términos de control del Estado. Este artículo propone una relectura de la parábola de los partidos políticos resaltando su carácter de organizaciones complejas. Estos partidos, en realidad, tienen que afrontar cuatro «problemas organizativos» relacionados con la participación interna, la articulación organizativa, la movilización de los recursos fundamentales y las relacio- nes con el entorno (problema estratégico). En general, las estrategias que los partidos utilizan en relación con su entorno (task environment) pueden ser vote, office y policy seeking o su mezcla, y en general influyen en las maneras en las que se afrontan y, eventualmente, resuelven los otros problemas organizativos. Los mismos tipos históricos de partido se explican a través del análisis de estos problemas organizativos internos y externos.
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Bourgeois, David Y. "The Politics and Values of Individualists and Collectivists: A Cross-Cultural Comparison". Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2002. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/BourgeoisDY2002.pdf.

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Pais, Tiago Igrejas. "Existe alguma relação entre taxa de IMI e a cor política no poder?" Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/10718.

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Mestrado em Decisão Económica e Empresarial
Existe alguma relação entre a taxa de IMI e cor política no poder? A presente dissertação insere-se no estudo da influência das diferentes forças partidária sobre a taxa de IMI. Em particular é testado o impacto dos partidos que foram democraticamente eleitos para presidir câmaras municipais com as doutrinas e convicções que os diferenciam, sobre a taxa de IMI e se é possível chegar a alguns consensos estatisticamente significativos sobre a influência dessas doutrinas nas taxas de IMI. Pretende-se também, avaliar a ideia de que partidos de direita têm uma política de impostos menos elevados que os partidos de esquerda. Para tal são testados modelos econométricos que permitem aferir a influência da cor política na taxa de IMI, verificando a possível existência de diferenças na taxa de IMI caso o partido no poder autárquico seja de esquerda ou de direita, mantendo todos as outras variáveis constantes.
Is it any relation between property taxes and political parties in power? This dissertation fits the theme power of political party and is intended to study the relation with property taxes. Particularly its tests the impact of the parties that have been democratically elected to chair municipalities, with doctrines and beliefs that differentiate on the property taxes. It is also intended to analyze the idea that right-wing parties have a less tax policy than left parties. So econometric models will be tested that allow assess the influence of political color in property taxes, by checking the possible existence of differences rate of property taxes if the party in local government is left-wing party or right-wind party, keeping all other variables constant.
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Książki na temat "Les parties"

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Epstein, Leon D. Political parties in the American mold. Madison, Wis: University of Wisconsin Press, 1986.

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Eldersveld, Samuel James. Political parties in American society. Wyd. 2. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2000.

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J, Day Alan, red. Political parties of the world. Wyd. 5. London: John Harper, 2002.

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Garner, Robert. British political parties today. Wyd. 2. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1998.

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Garner, Robert. British political parties today. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1993.

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Gibson, Ray. Parties. London: Usborne, 1992.

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Hobday, Charles. Communist and Marxist parties of the world. Wyd. 2. Harlow: Longman, 1990.

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Charles, Hobday. Communist and Marxist parties of the world. Burnt Mill, Harlow, Essex, U.K: Longman, 1986.

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Kay, Lawson, i Merkl Peter H, red. When parties prosper: The uses of electoral success. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2007.

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Baxter, Nicola. Perfect parties: Easy ideas for children's parties. Wigston, Leicestershire: Abbeydale Press, 2004.

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Części książek na temat "Les parties"

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Hilton, Peter, Derek Holton i Jean Pedersen. "Parties". W Undergraduate Texts in Mathematics, 271–97. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3681-6_9.

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Butler, David, i Gareth Butler. "Parties". W Twentieth-Century British Political Facts 1900–2000, 135–84. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-62733-2_2.

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Verville, Elinor. "Parties". W The Parent’s Preschooler Dictionary, 155–72. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0239-4_16.

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Butler, David, i Gareth Butler. "Parties". W British Political Facts 1900–1985, 135–73. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-18083-7_2.

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Butler, David, i Gareth Butler. "Parties". W British Political Facts 1900–1994, 127–69. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-23751-7_2.

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Esteves, Olivier. "Parties". W Inside the Black Box of 'White Backlash', 150–63. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003300113-10.

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Butler, David, i Gareth Butler. "Parties". W British Political Facts Since 1979, 46–75. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230554764_2.

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Butler, David, i Gareth Butler. "Parties". W British Political Facts, 151–205. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230293182_2.

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Merlo, Antonio. "Parties". W Political Economy and Policy Analysis, 88–101. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429490309-6.

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Mortimore, Roger, i Andrew Blick. "Parties". W Butler's British Political Facts, 229–97. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-56709-3_3.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Les parties"

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Chen, Shuang, Christina Delimitrou i José F. Martínez. "PARTIES". W ASPLOS '19: Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3297858.3304005.

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Harrington, Brian, Marzieh Ahmadzadeh, Nick Cheng, Eric Heqi Wang i Vladimir Efimov. "TA Marking Parties". W ICER '18: International Computing Education Research Conference. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3230977.3230997.

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Größbacher, Stefanie, Peter Judmaier, Lucas Schöffer, Doris Malischnig, Nicole Bilek i Mylene Kreiger. "All Tomorrow’s Parties". W MobileHCI '20: 22nd International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3406324.3410545.

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Ihsan, A., i M. Nawiruddin. "Nationalism and Political Parties". W Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Social and Political Sciences, ICSPS 2019, 12th November 2019, Jakarta, Indonesia. EAI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.12-11-2019.2293550.

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Borodin, Allan, Omer Lev, Nisarg Shah i Tyrone Strangway. "Big City vs. the Great Outdoors: Voter Distribution and How It Affects Gerrymandering". W Twenty-Seventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-18}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2018/14.

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Gerrymandering is the process by which parties manipulate boundaries of electoral districts in order to maximize the number of districts they can win. Demographic trends show an increasingly strong correlation between residence and party affiliation; some party’s supporters congregate in cities, while others stay in more rural areas. We investigate both theoretically and empirically the effect of this trend on a party's ability to gerrymander in a two-party model ("urban party" and "rural party"). Along the way, we propose a definition of the gerrymandering power of a party, and an algorithmic approach for near-optimal gerrymandering in large instances. Our results suggest that beyond a fairly small concentration of urban party's voters, the gerrymandering power of a party depends almost entirely on the level of concentration, and not on the party's share of the population. As partisan separation grows, the gerrymandering power of both parties converge so that each party can gerrymander to get only slightly more than what its voting share warrants, bringing about, ultimately, a more representative outcome. Moreover, there seems to be an asymmetry between the gerrymandering power of the parties, with the rural party being more capable of gerrymandering.
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Cazanel, Maria. "THE NOTIONS OF PARTIES, THIRD PARTIES AND SUCCESSORS IN TITLE IN CONTRACTUAL RELATIONS". W 5th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES and ARTS SGEM2018. STEF92 Technology, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocialf2018/1.6/s02.037.

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Gersbach, Hans, Akaki Mamageishvili i Manvir Schneider. "Vote Delegation and Malicious Parties". W 2020 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain and Cryptocurrency (ICBC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbc48266.2020.9169391.

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Kristoff, John, Randy Bush, Chris Kanich, George Michaelson, Amreesh Phokeer, Thomas C. Schmidt i Matthias Wählisch. "On Measuring RPKI Relying Parties". W IMC '20: ACM Internet Measurement Conference. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3419394.3423622.

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Soloi, Anton. "Competition between two political parties". W 2011 5th International Conference on Application of Information and Communication Technologies (AICT). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icaict.2011.6110904.

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Qian, X. F., M. A. Alonso i J. H. Eberly. "Entanglement Constraints with Quantum Background Parties". W Frontiers in Optics. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/fio.2016.jth2a.17.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Les parties"

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Mohmand, Shandana Khan. Beleaguered parties and strategic voters. Redaktor S. Vicknesan. Monash University, luty 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54377/f858-de26.

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Blew, Dennis. The Europeanization of Political Parties: A Study of Political Parties in Poland 2009-2014. Portland State University Library, styczeń 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.2564.

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Brummel, Lars. Referendums, for Populists Only? Why Populist Parties Favour Referendums and How Other Parties Respond. Association Inter-University Centre Dubrovnik, grudzień 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53099/ntkd4302.

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Streszczenie:
Populists are generally known as supporters of referendums and several populist parties have promoted direct democracy in recent years. To deepen our understanding of the populism referendum link, this study analyses how populist parties in Austria, Belgium, Germany and the Netherlands defend a greater use of referendums and how their non-populist counterparts respond to this populist call for referendums. An analysis of election manifestos shows that populist parties justify their referendum support by characterizing referendums as a purely democratic ideal, by presenting it as an alternative to decision-making by ‘bad’ political elites or by promoting referendums as a tool to realise their preferred policy decisions. Populist referendum support is thus related to people-centrism and ant-elitism, as elements of a populist ideology, but also to strategic considerations. These lines of argument are used by both populists on the right and the left, but anti-elitism is particularly prominent in manifestos of radical rightwing populist parties. Populists are not the only supporters of direct democracy – however, there is no evidence that non-populist parties did become more favourable towards referendums to adapt to the populist call for a greater referendum use.
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Brewer, Mike, Stuart Adam, David Phillips i James Browne. Taxes and benefits: the parties' plans. Institute for Fiscal Studies, kwiecień 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1920/bn.ifs.2010.00100.

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Emmerson, Carl, Gemma Tetlow, Soumaya Keynes i Rowena Crawford. Post-election austerity: parties’ plans compared. Institute for Fiscal Studies, kwiecień 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1920/bn.ifs.2015.00170.

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Joyce, Robert, Barra Roantree, Stuart Adam, David Phillips, James Browne, Paul Johnson, Helen Miller, Andrew Hood, Thomas Pope i Carl Emmerson. Taxes and benefits: the parties’ plans. IFS, kwiecień 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1920/bn.ifs.2015.00172.

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Cruz, Cesi, i Philip Keefer. Political Parties, Clientelism, and Bureaucratic Reform. Inter-American Development Bank, czerwiec 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0000024.

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Emmerson, Carl, Rowena Crawford, Gemma Tetlow i Soumaya Keynes. Fiscal aims and austerity: the parties’ plans compared. Institute for Fiscal Studies, grudzień 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1920/bn.ifs.2014.00158.

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Ferreira, Fernando, i Joseph Gyourko. Do Political Parties Matter? Evidence from U.S. Cities. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, październik 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w13535.

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Shavell, Steven. Suit Versus Settlement When Parties Seek Nonmonetary Judgements. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, marzec 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w4012.

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