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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Leishmania- Disease"
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Kostygov, Alexei Y., Danyil Grybchuk, Yulia Kleschenko, Daniil S. Chistyakov, Alexander N. Lukashev, Evgeny S. Gerasimov i Vyacheslav Yurchenko. "Analyses of Leishmania-LRV Co-Phylogenetic Patterns and Evolutionary Variability of Viral Proteins". Viruses 13, nr 11 (19.11.2021): 2305. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13112305.
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Leishmania spp. are important pathogens causing a vector-borne disease with a broad range of clinical manifestations from self-healing ulcers to the life-threatening visceral forms. Presence of Leishmania RNA virus (LRV) confers survival advantage to these parasites by suppressing anti-leishmanial immunity in the vertebrate host. The two viral species, LRV1 and LRV2 infect species of the subgenera Viannia and Leishmania, respectively. In this work we investigated co-phylogenetic patterns of leishmaniae and their viruses on a small scale (LRV2 in L. major) and demonstrated their predominant coevolution, occasionally broken by intraspecific host switches. Our analysis of the two viral genes, encoding the capsid and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RDRP), revealed them to be under the pressure of purifying selection, which was considerably stronger for the former gene across the whole tree. The selective pressure also differs between the LRV clades and correlates with the frequency of interspecific host switches. In addition, using experimental (capsid) and predicted (RDRP) models we demonstrated that the evolutionary variability across the structure is strikingly different in these two viral proteins.
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Soni, Mohini, i J. Venkatesh Pratap. "Development of Novel Anti-Leishmanials: The Case for Structure-Based Approaches". Pathogens 11, nr 8 (22.08.2022): 950. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11080950.
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The neglected tropical disease (NTD) leishmaniasis is the collective name given to a diverse group of illnesses caused by ~20 species belonging to the genus Leishmania, a majority of which are vector borne and associated with complex life cycles that cause immense health, social, and economic burdens locally, but individually are not a major global health priority. Therapeutic approaches against leishmaniasis have various inadequacies including drug resistance and a lack of effective control and eradication of the disease spread. Therefore, the development of a rationale-driven, target based approaches towards novel therapeutics against leishmaniasis is an emergent need. The utilization of Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning methods, which have made significant advances in drug discovery applications, would benefit the discovery process. In this review, following a summary of the disease epidemiology and available therapies, we consider three important leishmanial metabolic pathways that can be attractive targets for a structure-based drug discovery approach towards the development of novel anti-leishmanials. The folate biosynthesis pathway is critical, as Leishmania is auxotrophic for folates that are essential in many metabolic pathways. Leishmania can not synthesize purines de novo, and salvage them from the host, making the purine salvage pathway an attractive target for novel therapeutics. Leishmania also possesses an organelle glycosome, evolutionarily related to peroxisomes of higher eukaryotes, which is essential for the survival of the parasite. Research towards therapeutics is underway against enzymes from the first two pathways, while the third is as yet unexplored.
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Jain, Surbhi, Utkarsha Sahu, Awanish Kumar i Prashant Khare. "Metabolic Pathways of Leishmania Parasite: Source of Pertinent Drug Targets and Potent Drug Candidates". Pharmaceutics 14, nr 8 (30.07.2022): 1590. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14081590.
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Leishmaniasis is a tropical disease caused by a protozoan parasite Leishmania that is transmitted via infected female sandflies. At present, leishmaniasis treatment mainly counts on chemotherapy. The currently available drugs against leishmaniasis are costly, toxic, with multiple side effects, and limitations in the administration route. The rapid emergence of drug resistance has severely reduced the potency of anti-leishmanial drugs. As a result, there is a pressing need for the development of novel anti-leishmanial drugs with high potency, low cost, acceptable toxicity, and good pharmacokinetics features. Due to the availability of preclinical data, drug repurposing is a valuable approach for speeding up the development of effective anti-leishmanial through pointing to new drug targets in less time, having low costs and risk. Metabolic pathways of this parasite play a crucial role in the growth and proliferation of Leishmania species during the various stages of their life cycle. Based on available genomics/proteomics information, known pathways-based (sterol biosynthetic pathway, purine salvage pathway, glycolysis, GPI biosynthesis, hypusine, polyamine biosynthesis) Leishmania-specific proteins could be targeted with known drugs that were used in other diseases, resulting in finding new promising anti-leishmanial therapeutics. The present review discusses various metabolic pathways of the Leishmania parasite and some drug candidates targeting these pathways effectively that could be potent drugs against leishmaniasis in the future.
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Carstens-Kass, Jessica, Kayla Paulini, Patrick Lypaczewski i Greg Matlashewski. "A review of the leishmanin skin test: A neglected test for a neglected disease". PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 15, nr 7 (22.07.2021): e0009531. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009531.
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The leishmanin skin test (LST) has been used for decades to detect exposure and immunity to the parasite Leishmania, the causative agent of the neglected tropical disease leishmaniasis. In the LST, Leishmania antigen (leishmanin) is intradermally injected into the forearm. In an individual who has been previously infected, a delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction results in a measurable induration at the site of the injection, indicating that previous exposure to Leishmania has resulted in the development of cell-mediated immunity. LST positivity is associated with long-lasting protective immunity against reinfection, most notably as reported for visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Despite efforts over the past few decades, leishmanin antigen is no longer produced under good manufacturing practice (GMP) conditions anywhere in the world. Consequently, the use of the LST in epidemiological studies has declined in favor of serological and molecular tests. In this review, we provide a historical overview of the LST and justification for the reintroduction of leishmanin. A GMP-grade leishmanin can be used to detect immunity in vivo by the LST and can be investigated for use in an interferon-γ release assay (IGRA), which may serve as an in vitro version of the LST. The LST will be a valuable tool for surveillance and epidemiological studies in support of the VL elimination programs and as a surrogate marker of immunity in vaccine clinical trials. Methods A review of the literature was conducted using PubMed as the primary database, with MeSH terms “leishmanin skin test” OR “Montenegro test” OR “Montenegro skin test.” Articles written in English that describe the history or standardization of leishmanin, the use of leishmanin in an IGRA, or the use of the LST in epidemiological studies or vaccine trials were prioritized in our appraisal of the literature.
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Kurkjian, K. M., L. E. Vaz, R. Haque, C. Cetre-Sossah, S. Akhter, S. Roy, F. Steurer i in. "Application of an Improved Method for the Recombinant K39 Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay To Detect Visceral Leishmaniasis Disease and Infection in Bangladesh". Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology 12, nr 12 (grudzień 2005): 1410–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cdli.12.12.1410-1415.2005.
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ABSTRACT Several serology-based immunoassays are used to diagnose visceral leishmaniasis (VL), a chronic protozoan parasitic disease caused by the Leishmania donovani complex. These tests are primarily designed to diagnose the most severe clinical form of VL, known as kala-azar. However, leishmanial infection is frequently asymptomatic and may manifest only as a positive serologic response or positive leishmanin skin test. We modified a previously described enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that detects patient antibodies reactive with the recombinant Leishmania protein K39 (rK39) to confirm suspected kala-azar and to detect asymptomatic infection in a community study in Bangladesh. With the inclusion of a standard curve on each ELISA plate, the rK39 ELISA was more repeatable (kappa coefficient of agreement = 0.970) and more reliable compared to the original method (kappa = 0.587, P < 0.001). The cutoff point for a positive antibody response was chosen based on the 99th percentile of the ELISA distribution for the negative-control sera. However, we found that sera from all patients with active kala-azar yielded values more than twice the magnitude of this cutoff. Using receiver-operator characteristic curves, we determined a second cutoff value predictive of kala-azar. Using these criteria, the sensitivity and specificity of the modified ELISA for kala-azar were 97.0% and 98.9%, respectively, for sera from our study population. We hypothesize that individuals with antibody levels greater than the 99th percentile of the negative controls but less than the cutoff point for kala-azar have asymptomatic leishmanial infections.
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Khademvatan, Shahram, Kaveh Eskandari, Batool Sadeghi Nejad i Sedigheh Yusef Naanaie. "Cytotoxic Effects of Artemisia Dracunculus L. and Heracleum Persicum Desf. Extracts on Leishmania major and Leishmania infantum Promastigotes Using MTT Assay". International Journal of Enteric Pathogens 9, nr 2 (29.05.2021): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/ijep.2021.12.
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Background: Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease that occurs in subtropical and tropical regions with approximately 350 million people worldwide and 2 million new cases annually. The annual increase in cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is observed, especially in endemic areas such as Iran. Since there is no effective vaccine, the detection of natural anti-leishmanial products is essential. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vitro anti-leishmanial activity of two herbal medicine including Artemisia dracunculus L. and Heracleum persicum Desf. (Golpar). Materials and Methods: The extracts of selected plants were obtained by maceration, and in vitro anti-leishmanial activity was assayed on Leishmania major and Leishmania infantum promastigotes using colorimetric MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay in comparison with glucantime as a reference. Results: Based on the results, 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of selected plants and glucantime solutions were determined at 24, 48, and 72 hours incubation. Further, the anti-leishmanial activity of the leaf extract of A. dracunculus with IC50 values of 1.85 and 3.5 µg/mL and the fruit extract of H. persicum with values of 31.32 and 11.7 µg/mL were evaluated against L. major and L. infantum promastigotes, respectively. Conclusion: These results revealed anti-leishmania properties of the above-mentioned plants and the need to study the effects of these extracts on the Leishmania genus in animal models and in vivo assay in the future.
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Maciej-Hulme, Marissa L., Mark A. Skidmore i Helen P. Price. "The role of heparan sulfate in host macrophage infection by Leishmania species". Biochemical Society Transactions 46, nr 4 (22.06.2018): 789–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst20170398.
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The leishmaniases are a group of neglected tropical diseases caused by parasites from the Leishmania genus. More than 20 Leishmania species are responsible for human disease, causing a broad spectrum of symptoms ranging from cutaneous lesions to a fatal visceral infection. There is no single safe and effective approach to treat these diseases and resistance to current anti-leishmanial drugs is emerging. New drug targets need to be identified and validated to generate novel treatments. Host heparan sulfates (HSs) are abundant, heterogeneous polysaccharides displayed on proteoglycans that bind various ligands, including cell surface proteins expressed on Leishmania promastigote and amastigote parasites. The fine chemical structure of HS is formed by a plethora of specific enzymes during biosynthesis, with various positions (N-, 2-O-, 6-O- and 3-O-) on the carbon sugar backbone modified with sulfate groups. Post-biosynthesis mechanisms can further modify the sulfation pattern or size of the polysaccharide, altering ligand affinity to moderate biological functions. Chemically modified heparins used to mimic the heterogeneous nature of HS influence the affinity of different Leishmania species, demonstrating the importance of specific HS chemical sequences in parasite interaction. However, the endogenous structures of host HSs that might interact with Leishmania parasites during host invasion have not been elucidated, nor has the role of HSs in host–parasite biology. Decoding the structure of HSs on target host cells will increase understanding of HS/parasite interactions in leishmaniasis, potentiating identification of new opportunities for the development of novel treatments.
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McDowell, Mary Ann, Mary Marovich, Rosalia Lira, Michael Braun i David Sacks. "Leishmania Priming of Human Dendritic Cells for CD40 Ligand-Induced Interleukin-12p70 Secretion Is Strain and Species Dependent". Infection and Immunity 70, nr 8 (sierpień 2002): 3994–4001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.70.8.3994-4001.2002.
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ABSTRACT A major question in the study of leishmaniasis is what dictates clinical disease expression produced by different Leishmania species, i.e., cutaneous versus systemic and healing versus nonhealing. Animal models using a Leishmania species associated with self-limiting cutaneous disease (L. major) have revealed that protective immunity requires CD40/CD40 ligand (CD40L)-dependent, interleukin-12 (IL-12)-driven Th1 responses. We recently showed that L. major can prime human dendritic cells (DCs) for CD40L-triggered IL-12p70 secretion and that these cells can drive a Th1 response in autologous T cells from sensitized individuals. Here we show that in contrast to L. major, Leishmania species responsible for visceral disease (L. donovani), as well as species associated with persistent, cutaneous lesions and occasional systemic disease (L. tropica), did not induce CD40L-dependent IL-12p70 production, despite comparable levels of uptake by DCs. Up-regulated surface expression of CD40 did not correlate with IL-12p70 production, and appreciable CD40L-induced IL-12p40 secretion was observed in uninfected as well as infected DCs, regardless of species. Reverse transcription-PCR analysis confirmed that the production of heterodimeric IL-12 was limited by expression of IL-12p35 mRNA, which was dependent on both a microbial priming signal and CD40 engagement for its high-level induction. The intrinsic differences in the ability of Leishmania species to prime DCs for CD40L-dependent IL-12p70 secretion may account, at least in part, for the evolution of healing and nonhealing forms of leishmanial disease.
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Gogou, Georgia, Olga S. Koutsoni, Panagiotis Stathopoulos, Leandros A. Skaltsounis, Maria Halabalaki i Eleni Dotsika. "Direct In Vitro Comparison of the Anti-Leishmanial Activity of Different Olive Oil Total Polyphenolic Fractions and Assessment of Their Combined Effects with Miltefosine". Molecules 27, nr 19 (21.09.2022): 6176. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27196176.
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The bioactive compounds present in the edible products of the olive tree have been extensively studied and their favorable effects on various disease risk factors have been demonstrated. The aim of this study was to perform a comparative analysis of the anti-leishmanial effects of total phenolic fractions (TPFs) derived from extra virgin olive oil with different phenolic contents and diverse quantitative patterns. Moreover, the present study investigated their association with miltefosine, a standard anti-leishmanial drug, against both extracellular promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes of a viscerotropic and a dermotropic Leishmania strain. The chemical compositions of TPFs were determined by high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD). Analysis of parasite growth kinetics, reactive oxygen species production and apoptotic events were determined by microscopy and flow cytometry. Our results revealed that the presence of oleacein (OLEA) and oleocanthal (OLEO) secoiridoids enhances the anti-leishmanial effect of TPF. The association between TPFs and miltefosine was suggested as being additive in Leishmania infantum and Leishmania major promastigotes, and as antagonistic in intracellular amastigotes, as was evaluated with the modified isobologram method. The obtained data verified that TPFs are bioactive dietary extracts with a strong anti-leishmanial activity and highlighted that fractions that are richer in OLEA and OLEO phenolic compounds possess stronger inhibitory effects against parasites. This study may contribute to improving the therapeutic approaches against leishmaniasis.
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Jalaj Kumar Gour i Manoj Kumar Singh. "Leishmanial Excretory-Secretory proteins: A potent vaccine candidate". International Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences (IJFAS) 7, nr 1 (30.03.2018): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.59415/ijfas.v7i1.118.
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Leishmaniasis is caused by the intracellular parasite of the genus Leishmania. It now becomes a major public health problem in many countries all over the world. It is always better to prevent the disease than to treat it. The vaccine prevents disease in the people who receive them and protect those who come into contact with an unvaccinated individual. Because of the large genome and complex biology, developing a vaccine for this pathogen has proved to be a challenging task. Leishmania promastigotes are successfully cultivated incompletely defined medium and their excretory-secretory proteins/factors which may act as antigens are easily purified form culture supernatant of cultured Leishmania species. These leishmanial excretory-secretory antigens serve as a candidate for vaccine development in formulation with muramyl dipeptide (MDP) as an adjuvant. However, currently, there is not a single vaccine is available against any form of leishmaniasis for general human use. According to the estimate of the World Health Organization (WHO), 90% of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) occurs in just five countries (Bangladesh, Brazil, India, Nepal, and Sudan). Those in need are amongst the poorest people in these countries to develop a vaccine. The main purpose of this review is to present only the use of Leishmania excretory-secretory antigens (LESAs) as a candidate for the formulation of a potent vaccine against the severe disease leishmaniasis
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Leishmania- Disease"
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Scorza, Breanna M. "Interaction of human keratinocytes with Leishmania spp.: a comparative study of Leishmania infantum and Leishmania major". Diss., University of Iowa, 2017. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/5847.
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Leishmaniasis refers to the group of diseases caused by pathogenic protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania. Nearly all human Leishmania spp. infections are initiated in mammalian skin through the bite of the phlebotomine sand fly vector. However, clinical manifestations vary greatly with infecting species. Leishmania major establish infection locally within the skin and cause chronic ulcerating skin lesions at the local cutaneous site of inoculation, in a syndrome known as Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) Leishmania infantum parasites metastasize from the site of skin infection via unknown mechanisms, and establish infection within visceral organs usually without inducing skin pathology, resulting in the potentially fatal disseminated disease, Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL). Mouse studies suggest early responses at the skin infection site are critical determinants of subsequent adaptive immune responses in leishmaniasis, yet few studies address the role of keratinocytes, the most abundant immunoactive cell in the epidermis. We hypothesize that Leishmania infection causes keratinocytes to produce immunomodulatory factors that influence the outcome of infection.
Incubation of primary or immortalized human keratinocytes with L. infantum or L. major elicited dramatically different responses. Keratinocytes incubated with L. infantum significantly increased expression of pro-inflammatory genes IL6, IL8, TNF, and IL1B by RT-qPCR; whereas keratinocytes exposed to L. major did not. Similar to live parasites, L. infantum-derived exosomes induced more IL8 mRNA compared to control or L. major-derived exosomes. Western blotting confirmed NFkBp65 phosphorylation in keratinocytes exposed to L. infantum but not L. major. However, no evidence of L. major inhibition of TNF-induced NFkBp65 phosphorylation was observed in simultaneously treated keratinocytes. To examine whether keratinocytes influence proximal host cells, L. infantum-infected human monocytes were co-cultured with keratinocytes across a transwell membrane. These studies suggested L. infantum-exposed keratinocytes release soluble factors that enhance monocyte control of intracellular L. infantum replication. L. major-exposed keratinocytes had no comparable effect. These data suggest L. infantum and L. major differentially activate keratinocytes to release factors that limit infection in monocytes.
Microarray analyses performed on human keratinocytes exposed to either L. infantum or L. major promastigotes identified a limited number of transcripts increased by parasite exposure. Consistent with RT-qPCR observations, several inflammatory cytokine and chemokine genes were more strongly induced in L. infantum-exposed keratinocytes compared to L. major-exposed keratinocytes. Pathway analyses of genes induced by L. infantum-treated keratinocytes suggested that this interaction may induce neutrophil recruitment. Notably, AP1 transcription factor subunit genes were significantly down regulated in L. major-treated compared with L. infantum-treated or control keratinocytes. This suggests L. major may actively inhibits this keratinocyte activation, which might affect its ability to establish infection within host skin. In addition, ex vivo intradermal infection of human skin explants was explored as a method to compare keratinocyte responses to L. infantum or L. major in the context of whole skin tissue and the effects of vector salivary gland components are considered.
The response of keratinocytes found in these studies using L. infantum and L. major may give insight into the local host pathologic responses to different Leishmania species leading to visceralizing versus cutaneous manifestations to infection. We propose that Leishmania spp. elicit or evade a pro-inflammatory response by keratinocytes at the site of infection, generating a microenvironment uniquely tailored to each Leishmania species.
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Adamson, Rachel Elizabeth. "Molecular studies of Venezuelan sandflies and Leishmania isolates". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.385097.
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Lara, Diana. "Cationic steroid antibiotics as potential chemotherapeutic agent against Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania major". To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2007. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.
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Thalhofer, Colin Joseph. "Leishmania infantum chagasi induces a dynamic cellular inflammatory response". Diss., University of Iowa, 2011. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1091.
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Leishmania infantum chagasi (Lic) is a pathogenic protozoan parasite and one of the etiological agents of human visceral leishmaniasis (VL). VL is a potentially deadly disease characterized by variable fevers, cachexia, hepatosplenomegaly, and global immune suppression. Many questions regarding the pathogenesis of VL and the mechanisms of host defense during Lic infection remain to be elucidated. The primary focus of this thesis is the relationship between Lic and the mammalian immune system. We studied parasite-host interactions during Lic infection at the molecular, cellular, and organismal level. We generated transgenic parasites that expressed firefly luciferase and/or fluorescent proteins to expand our capacity to detect, observe, and quantify the parasites in a variety of experimental settings with modern analytical methodologies. Using luciferase-expressing Leishmania, we developed an experimental infection model in which parasites were detected and the relative parasite burden in specific anatomical locations could be quantified in a live animal host using bioluminescence imaging. This method allowed the parasite burden to be assessed in the same host throughout the course of infection. Utilizing this model we have made some intriguing observations relating to the kinetics and distribution of the parasite burden over time. The parasite burden was observed primarily in the liver and bone marrow over the first few weeks and then shifts to the spleen and bone marrow. To gain a better understanding of the initial parasite-host immune interactions in vivo, we studied the early inflammatory response after intradermal (i.d.) inoculation. We observed a rapid and abundant influx of neutrophils into the inoculated ears. The neutrophil influx was transient, dose dependent and specific for the local inoculation site. While there was not a significant neutrophil influx into the draining lymph nodes (dLN), there was an increase in the total cellularity and a striking increase in the relative proportion of B cells to T cells over the first week after intradermal parasite challenge. By inoculating transgenic mCherry-Lic we found that neutrophils were the primary parasite-laden host cell in the dermal tissue during the first day, but macrophages harbored most of the parasites by 2 days. Neutrophil depletion using low-dose antibody treatment resulted in a reduced rate of parasite uptake initially at the site of inoculation, but no significant change in the dLN dynamics. We further examined the parasite-host relationship by studying molecular signaling and cellular interactions between Leishmania and human neutrophils. We investigated the nature of the chemotactic activity of Leishmania-conditioned growth medium for human neutrophils by testing physical properties of the activity and ruled out some of the major Leishmania surface molecules as potential candidates. We aim to identify the agent(s) responsible for the activity in on-going studies. To this end, we are collaborating with a group at the NIH and testing biochemical purification/separation samples. We conclude that intradermal Lic challenge induces a rapid innate immune response at the local site of infection, that neutrophils sense Leishmania-derived factors leading to directed migration, and that neutrophils function as a primary site for Leishmania entry into the mammalian host.
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Solano, Gallego Laia. "Leishmania infantum and dog: immunological and epidemiological studies about infection and disease". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/5719.
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L'objectiu d'aquesta tesi va ser obtenir nous coneixements sobre la immunologia i epidemiologia de la infecció per Leishmania en gossos que viuen en zones endèmiques. El capítol 2 descriu l'expressió d'anticossos anti-Leishmania IgG, IgG1 i IgG2 en una població de gossos. Els nivells d'immunoglobulines en gossos asimptomàtics van ser molt variables i menors que els dels animals malalts. En els animals malalts, els nivells de IgG i IgG2 van ser molt alts però els nivells d' IgG1 molt variables. Els resultats van mostrar la gran variació en l'expressió de IgG1 tant en gossos asimptomàtics com en simptomàtics, així com la baixa correlació de la IgG1 amb la IgG o IgG2.
El capítol 3 descriu l'avaluació i comparació de l'eficàcia de dues preparacions de leishmanines en la detecció de la resposta cel·lular davant de Leishmania en el gos.
El capítol 4 mostra l'estudi de la resposta humoral i cel·lular en una població de gossos. El 77% dels gossos va mostrar una resposta immunitària específica davant de Leishmania, ja fos humoral o cel·lular. El 80% dels cans eivissencs i el 48% dels gossos d'altres races van presentar resposta cel·lular. Els resultats van mostrar que la taxa d'infecció era molt alta, i que els gossos presentaven un ampli ventall de respostes inmunitàries, des de gossos resistents fins a gossos malalts. El ca eivissenc va manifestar més uniformement resposta cel·lular.
El capítol 5 descriu l'estudi de la prevalença de la malaltia, la seroprevalença i la prevalença de la infecció. Es va analitzar el quadre clínic, la serologia i la presència d'ADN de Leishmania en diferents teixits. La prevalença de la malaltia i seroprevalença van ser, respectivament, d'un 13% i d'un 26%. Els resultats de PCR positives en moll d'ós, conjuntiva i pell van ser respectivament, d'un 18%, 32% i 51%. La prevalença de la infecció va ser d'un 67%. La majoria de gossos de zona endèmica ha estat infectat pel paràsit.
El capítol 6 descriu l'estudi de paràmetres immunològics (serologia, test intradèrmic amb leishmanina, assaig de proliferació de limfòcits i detecció d'IFN-g i TNF-a) en l'avaluació de gossos infectats amb Leishmania. La majoria dels animals infectats sense simptomatologia clínica presentava nivells variables d'anticossos, reacció positiva al test intradèrmic, bona resposta proliferativa al antigen de Leishmania i producció d'IFN-g. La resta va mostrar nivells variables d'anticossos però absència de reacció al test intradèrmic. Abans del tractament, els animals malalts presentaven alts nivells d'anticossos, test intradèrmic negatiu, no producció d'IFN-g i producció de TNF-a. La millora clínica es va associar amb la disminució dels anticossos i amb l'augment del diàmetre del test intradèrmic. La combinació de la serologia, el test intradèrmic i la medició de citocines constitueixen tècniques útils i d'alta rellevància clínica en l'avaluació de la resposta inmunitària d'un pacient individual.
The objective of this thesis was to obtain new knowledge about the immunology and epidemiology of Leishmania infection in dogs living in endemic regions in the Mediterranean basin.
Chapter 2 describes the expression of IgG, IgG1 and IgG2 specific antibodies to L. infantum in a wide population of dogs. The levels of immunoglobulins in asymptomatic dogs were highly variable and lower than those found in ill dogs. In ill dogs, the levels of IgG and IgG2 were very high but the levels of IgG1 were extremely variable. Overall results showed a large variation in the IgG1 expression in asymptomatic and symptomatic dogs and a low IgG1 correlation with IgG or IgG2.
Chapter 3 describes the evaluation and comparison of the efficacy of two leishmanins for detection dog Leishmania cellular immune response.
Chapter 4 describes the study of humoral and cellular responses in a population of dogs. Seventy-seven percent of the dogs demonstrated a specific Leishmania response either humoral or cellular. Eighty percent of ibizian hounds and 48% of dogs of other breeds presented a cellular response. The results showed that the rate of infection was high and that dogs presented a broad range of immune responses from resistant to ill dogs. The Ibizian hound manifested a more uniform cellular response.
Chapter 5 describes the study of the prevalence of Leishmania infection, the seroprevalence and the prevalence of canine leishmaniosis. Clinical exploration for the presence of clinical signs compatible with leishmaniosis, the titre of anti-Leishmania antibodies, and the presence of Leishmania DNA by PCR on several tissues were assessed. The prevalence of the disease was 13% and the seroprevalence was 26%. The results of positive PCR in the bone marrow, the conjunctiva and the skin were 18%, 32% and 51%, respectively. The prevalence of the infection was 67%. The results showed that Leishmania infects the majority of dogs living in an endemic area.
Chapter 6 describes the study of immunological parameters (anti-Leishmania IgG1, IgG2, total IgG antibodies, LST, LPA, and production of IFN-g and TNF-a) in the evaluation of dogs infected by Leishmania. The majority of infected animals without clinically patent disease showed variable titres of anti-Leishmania antibodies, a positive LST, a strong Leishmania antigenic proliferative response, and a high production of IFN-g. The remainder showed positive titres of anti-Leishmania antibodies with a negative positive LST. Before treatment, ill dogs presented high levels of anti-Leishmania antibodies, negative LST, no production of IFN-g but a production of TNF-a. Clinical recovery was associated with a decrease in the titre of antibodies and an increase of the diameter of the LST. The combination of serology, LST, and measurement of cytokines constitutes a useful, clinically relevant method to evaluate the immune response to Leishmania in a single patient.
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Depledge, Daniel Pearce. "Comparative genomic analysis of three Leishmania species that cause diverse disease pathologies". Thesis, University of York, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.495870.
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In 1940, Virginia Woolf called for a more inclusive form of biography, which would include ‘the failures as well as the successes, the humble as well as the illustrious’. She did so partly as a reaction against Victorian biography, deemed to have been overly preoccupied with the great and the heroic. Yet a significant number of Victorian biographers did in fact write biographies that went against the trend of hero-worshipping ‘Great Lives’ and focused instead on the humble, the marginal, or the neglected. Though many are simplistic, pious productions, others sought to engage in contemporary debates surrounding the role and place of the individual in society in a sophisticated and complex manner. The thesis begins with an overview of the period’s biographical writings. The second and third chapters explore the representation of marginality and powerlessness through biographies of female and working-class subjects. The fourth and fifth chapters are concerned with issues of canonisation: the championing of neglected artists, and the Dictionary o f National Biography are discussed. A final, brief, chapter on Virginia W oolfs conception of ‘obscure lives’ seeks to broaden our understanding of her literary influences. The ‘obscure’ biographical subject emerges as a paradoxical figure used as a safe means of exploring the boundary between the private and the public. Above all, and in contrast with the trend instigated by Woolf, biographers were not concerned with securing immortality for their subjects, but with prompting within their readers feelings of empathy and gratitude. The thesis attempts to balance a survey of this trend with close analysis of works that manipulated the biographical genre in interesting ways. It is also a study of how Thomas Carlyle’s and George Eliot’s influence was disseminated within an under-studied literary genre. The thesis includes, as an appendix, a descriptive catalogue of over two hundred Victorian biographies.
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Tezuka, Daiane Yukie. "Triagem de compostos anti-chagásicos com o Trypanosoma cruzi e leishmanicidas com as espécies Leishmania amazonensis e Leishmania chagasi". Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/75/75133/tde-25112015-101003/.
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Infecções causadas por tripanossomatídeos causam milhares de mortes anualmente, além de levarem a redução da capacidade produtiva, com elevada morbidade na população acometida. A eficácia terapêutica é limitada na maioria dos casos, sendo o benzonidazol o único fármaco aprovado para uso do tratamento do Trypanosoma cruzi, sendo ativo somente na fase aguda da Doença de Chagas, com grande efeitos colaterais. No caso das leishmanioses, as substâncias de tratamento existentes causam toxicidade renal e cardíaca, além de induzirem a resistência e apresentarem eficácia insuficiente. Observando todo o contexto torna-se necessário a busca por novas substâncias que sejam mais eficazes e menos tóxicas. Assim, o trabalho representa uma contribuição para a busca de novas moléculas bioativas para o tratamento da doença de Chagas e leishmaniose a partir da padronização e realização de ensaios celulares usando a forma epimastigota da cepa Y do T. cruzi e promastigota para Leishmania chagasi e L. amazonensis. A padronização do método colorimétrico de MTT foi realizada a partir da comparação com o método tradicional de contagem por microscopia usando câmara de Neubauer, seguido do estudo de viabilidade por citometria de fluxo, como método confirmatório e, finalmente a padronização do ensaio de ciclo celular usando os fármacos de referência benzonidazol (T. cruzi) e anfotericina B (Leishmania spp.). Os compostos testados neste estudo são proveniente de classes distintas de inibidores de alvos macromoleculares (cisteíno proteases, DHODH, GAPDH, quinases) e foram planejados e/ou selecionados pelo Grupo de Química Medicinal (NEQUIMED). Dentre todas as substâncias, inibidores de quinases apresentaram maior potencial para estudos subsequentes, sendo o T. cruzi o parasito mais sensível, onde um grande número de substâncias apresentou atividade nos estudos de triagem. Para uma delas (Neq0474) foi realizado o ensaio de dose-resposta, com EC50 = 53 µmol/L. L. chagasi apresentou a maior resistência dentre todos os parasitos estudados neste trabalho, enquanto que L. amazonensis foi sensível para Neq0438. Algumas substâncias estudadas apresentaram potencial para estudos mais aprofundados visando identificar novas alternativas terapêuticas para estas doenças parasitárias.Infections caused by trypanosomatides lead to thousands of deaths annually, besides the reduction of the quality of life and working capability, with high morbidity to the patients. The therapy efficacy is limited in most cases, being benznidazole the only approved drug in Brazil, which works only in the acute phase of the Chagas Disease with severe collateral effects. For leishmaniasis, the drugs cause renal and cardiac toxicity and trigger resistance. In this context, novel efficacious and secure substantes are necessary to improve the current therapeutic strategies, which was the goal of this project by means of cell-based assays. The first step was the standardization of the MTT colorimetric assay for the epimastigote form of the Y strain of Trypanosoma cruzi and promastigote form of Leishmania chagasi and Leishmania amazonensis. This was achieved by comparing the results with the standard counting using the Neubauer chamber. The use flow cytometry for the determination of cell viability and the perturbation of the cell cycle were also standardized using the reference drugs benznidazole (T. cruzi) and amphotericin B (Leishmania spp.). New compounds tested in this project were designed or selected based on different macromolecular targets (cysteine proteases, DHODH, GAPDH, kinases) by the Medicinal Chemistry Group (NEQUIMED). Among them, many kinase inhibitors promoted the most dramatic results for T. cruzi, reducing the cell viability of this parasite. One of them (Neq0474) was subjected for a follow-up dose-response assay, with EC50 = 53 µmol/L. L. chagasi was the most resistant parasite in this work, whereas L. amazonensis was sensitive to Neq0438. Some of these new compounds are of interest for more in-depth studies to these parasitic diseases.
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Alessi, Claudia Alvares Calvo. "Leishmaniose cutânea americana no Pontal do Paranapanema - SP: avaliação clínica, histopatológica e uso da reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) para identificação e caracterização das espécies de Leishmania". Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5144/tde-17022009-115336/.
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As leishmanioses são doenças parasitárias causadas por protozoários do gênero Leishmania e são importante problema de saúde pública. A leishmaniose cutânea americana é considerada doença autóctone do continente americano e se apresenta com diversas formas clínicas, que dependem da espécie que causa a infecção e de outros fatores como virulência e capacidade de evasão do sistema immune. São reconhecidas seis espécies de Leishmania que causam casos humanos de LCA no Brasil, destas, cinco pertencem ao subgênero Viannia e uma ao subgênero Leishmania. Elas são: Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis, Leishmania (Viannia) guyanensis, Leishmania (Viannia) lainsoni, Leishmania (Viannia) shawi, Leishmania (Viannia) naiffi e a Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis. A transmissão da leishmaniose cutânea se mantém na região do Pontal da Paranapanema, com 20 casos notificados em 2006. A Leishmania (V.) braziliensis é a única espécie considerada como agente da doença na região, com identificação dos vetores envolvidos e de possíveis reservatórios silvestres. O objetivo do trabalho é o estudo dos aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e histopatológicos da leishmaniose cutânea no Pontal do Paranapanema e a identificação, por métodos moleculares, PCR, do agente etiológico e a caracterização do gênero, subgênero e a espécie de Leishmania presentes na região. A doença foi encontrada em ambos os sexos, predominando no sexo masculino (67,9%), em todas as faixas etárias, mas 70,5% estavam na faixa de 20 a 49 anos de idade. A forma clínica mais encontrada foi a cutânea, com 92,3% dos casos. A pesquisa de parasita na lesão em 78 pacientes que realizaram biópsias foi positiva em 40 amostras (51.3%), em lâminas coradas pela HE; quando se utilizou a IH foi 66,7%. O índice de concordância entre as técnicas da HE e IH foi de 58,97%. Entretanto, 10 casos negativos na IH foram positivos na HE, e de 38 casos negativos na HE, 22 foram positivos na IH. Isto mostra que há necessidade de associação dos dois métodos. A positividade na PCR foi de 53,8%. Avaliando-se os resultados obtidos nesse estudo, podemos verificar que dos 40 casos positivos pela HE, 24 também foram positivos pela PCR; porém, 16 destes, foram negativos pela PCR. Em contrapartida, das 38 amostras negativas na HE, 18 delas foram positivas pela PCR. Pela imunohistoquímica, do total de 26 amostras negativas, apenas 12 permaneceram negativas e 14 foram positivas na PCR; enquanto que, das 52 amostras positivas pela IH, 28 foram positivas e 24 negativas pela PCR. Os níveis de concordância da PCR com HE foram de 56,41% e da PCR com IH de 51,28%. Esses resultados reforçam a idéia da necessidade de se associar os três métodos para o diagnóstico da LC. As características das lesões histopatológicas foram: reação granulomatosa (RG) encontradas em 71,85%, reação granulomatosa com células gigantes (RGCG) em 12,8%, reação granulomatosa com necrose (RGN) em 10,3% e reação granulomatosa com necrose e células gigantes (RGNCG) em 5,1% dos casos. Utilizando-se os primers SSU rDNA S17/S18, foi possível caracterizar, através do seqüenciamento, 27 (34,6%) amostras como sendo do subgênero Viannia e 06 amostras como L. (L.) amazonensis. Este estudo identificou o primeiro caso de L. (L.) amazonensis na regiãoLeishmaniasis are parasitic diseases caused by protozoans of the Leishmania genus and are important public health problems. American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) is considered an autochthonous disease of the American continent and presents several clinical forms which depend on the causative species of the infection and other factors such as virulence and ability to evade the immune system. Six Leishmania species are recognized to cause human ACL cases in Brazil of which five belong to the Viannia and one to the Leishmania subspecies. They are: Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis, Leishmania (Viannia) guyanensis, Leishmania (Viannia) lainsoni, Leishmania (Viannia) shawi, Leishmania (Viannia) naiffi and Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis. Cutaneous leishmaniasis transmission is maintained in the Pontal do Paranapanema region, with 20 notified cases in 2006. Leishmania (V.) braziliensis is the only species considered to be the disease agent in the region with identification of the involved vectors and possible wild reservoirs. The aim of this research is the studies of the epidemiological, clinical and histopathological aspects of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Pontal do Paranapanema and the identification by molecular methods, PCR, of the etiologic agent and characterization of the Leishmania genus, subgenus and species present in the region. The disease was found in both genders, with predominance of males (67.9%), in all age ranges, but 70.5% were in the range of 20 to 49 years. The cutaneous was the mostly found clinical form with 92.3% of the cases. Search for the parasite in the lesion of 78 patients who underwent biopsies was positive in 40 samples (51.5%), in HE stained slides; when IH was used, 66.7% were positive. Agreement index between the HE and IH techniques were 58.97%. However, 10 negative cases using IH were positive with HE, and of 38 HE negative cases 22 were positive using IH. This shows that association of the two methods is needed. Using PCR, there was a positivity of 53.8%. Evaluating the results obtained in this study, we may observe that of the 40 HE positive cases 24 were also positive on PCR; but 16 of these were PCR negative. Contrariwise, of the 38 HE negative samples 18 were positive PCR. Using immunohistochemistry, of the total of 38 HE negative samples, 18 were positive with PCR; while of the 52 IH positive samples, 28 were positive and 24 negative on PCR. Agreement levels of PCR with HE were 56.41%, and of PCR with IH 51.28%. These results reinforce the idea of the need for association of the three methods for CL diagnosis. Histopathological lesion characteristics were: granulomatous reaction (GR) found in 71.85%, granulomatous reaction with giant cells (GRGC) in 12.8T, granulomatous reaction with necrosis (GRN) in 10.3% and granuloma with necrosis and giant cells (GRNGC) in 5.1% of the cases. Using SSU rDNAS 17/S18 primers it was possible to characterize through sequencing 27 (34.6%) samples as being of the Viannia subgenus and 06 samples of the L. (L.).amazonensis This study identified the first L. (L.) amazonensis case in the region
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Karam, Marc Christophe. "The role of cytokines in the regulation of hyperalgesia and disease progression in Leishmania major infection". Thesis, University of Surrey, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.431123.
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Pereira, Lucas Campana. "Busca de genes associados à resposta ao teste de Montenegro para antígenos de Leishmania". Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42135/tde-27022013-155152/.
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O presente trabalho visa, através de métodos genético-epidemiológicos, identificarem genes associados à resposta ao antígeno da Leishmania. Utilizando amostras através do teste de Montenegro dos municípios de Monte Negro (RO) e Assis Brasil (AC). Na primeira abordagem foram feitos testes com TaqManÒ e a segunda com GWAS, e análises de associação foram feitas utilizando-se o pacote SPSS e o Plink. Não foram encontradas associações com cinco SNPs (MYD88, IL12, IL10, IFNGR1 e NRAMP1). A análise de dados de varredura genômica com filtros, indicou uma região no cromossomo 10 com 3 SNPs próximos que fazem parte de uma região regulatória que com o posterior auxilio do real time não se confirmaram, apesar do ensaio RS11251056 apresentar valores limítrofes, se tornando uma possível indicação para trabalhos futuros e por fim a último teste foi a meta-análise, através do método de Woolf, apresentou resultados indicativos de associação para ensaios encontrados no cromossomo 2 com ZNF638 relacionados a diferenciação celular e também no cromossomo 10 que contem lincRNAs e o gene NGR3, com dois ensaios apresentando valores significativos de p, onde podemos inferir que estas duas regiões podem participar ativamente na diferenciação da resposta ao antígeno da Leishmania.The present study aims, through genetic-epidemiological methods, to identify genes associated with response to Leishmania antigen. Using samples Montenegro skin test through the municipalities of Monte Negro (RO) and Assis Brazil (AC). In the first approach were tested with TaqManÒ and the second GWAS, and association analyzes were performed using SPSS and Plink. No associations were found with five SNPs (MyD88, IL12, IL10, IFNGR1, and NRAMP1). The analysis of genome scan data with filters, indicated a region on chromosome 10 with three nearby SNPs that are part of a regulatory region that later with the help of real time is not confirmed, although the test rs11251056 have borderline values, becoming an possible direction for future work and finally the last test was the meta-analysis by the method of Woolf, presented results indicating the association found in tests for chromosome 2 with ZNF638 related to cell differentiation and also on chromosome 10 that contains lincRNAs and gene NGR3, two runs with a significant p value, where we can infer that these two regions can actively participate in the differentiation of the response to Leishmania antigen.
Książki na temat "Leishmania- Disease"
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J, Farrell, red. Leishmania. Boston, Mass: Kluwer Academic Pub., 2002.
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Farrell, Jay P. Leishmania. Springer London, Limited, 2012.
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Lydyard, Peter, Michael Cole, John Holton, Will Irving, Nino Porakishvili, Pradhib Venkatesan i Kate Ward. Case Studies in Infectious Disease: Leishmania spp. Garland Science, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203853917.
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Guideline for the Treatment of Leishmaniasis in the Americas. Second Edition. Pan American Health Organization, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37774/9789275125038.
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Leishmaniasis is a neglected infectious disease of great importance in the Region of the Americas because of its prevalence, wide geographical distribution, morbidity and mortality. Several species of Leishmania can cause disease, and the resulting presentations differ in their clinical manifestations, diagnostic signs, severity, and treatment responses. The three main forms of leishmaniasis disease are: cutaneous, mucosal or visceral, of which cutaneous leishmaniasis is the most common. Visceral leishmaniasis (caused by L. infantum) is the most severe form and can cause death in up to 90% of untreated people. In 2013, PAHO, with the support of the Spanish Agency for International Development Cooperation, developed recommendations for the treatment of leishmaniasis in the Americas using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology. Since that time, new evidence has accumulated necessitating a revision of these recommendations. This publication, the second edition of the treatment guidelines for the Americas, has been put together with the leadership of PAHO’s Regional Program for Leishmaniasis with the support of the World Health Organization. It presents updated therapeutic recommendations for all three major forms of leishmaniasis disease, detailing the schemes and criteria for indication of treatment in the regional context. There are several notable changes from the first edition. For cutaneous disease, ketoconazole has been removed from the list of treatment options. Evidence for thermotherapy and pentamidine isethionate has been upgraded to “conditional” from “weak” in the previous edition. The number of Leishmania species for which there is strong evidence of the effectiveness of miltefosine has increased from two to four. And the evidence for intralesional antimonials in this disease form is now strong, whereas previously it was considered weak. The evidence for treatments for mucosal leishmaniasis – which is now considered separately to cutaneous disease – has become stronger since the first analysis, with the recommendation for use of pentavalent antimonials with or without oral pentoxifylline now strong. For visceral disease, the evidence has moved in the other direction. Whereas in the first edition, the evidence was considered strong for pentavalent antimonials, amphotericina B deoxycholate, it is now conditional. For miltefosine, there is now strong evidence against its useage. Further changes include the division of recommendations by adult and pediatric populations and the addition of new specific recommendations for immunocompromised patients that were not available in the first edition, including a strong recommendation against the use of pentavalent antimonials.
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Gramiccia, Marina. The Leishmanioses. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198570028.003.0051.
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Leishmanioses are a large group of parasitic diseases range over the intertropical zones of America and Africa, and extend into temperate regions of South America, Southern Europe and Asia. The clinical aspect of the diseases is wide ranging from a simple, self-resolving cutaneous lesion to the potentially fatal visceral leishmaniosis, known as kala-azar. In numerous underdeveloped countries leishmanioses remain a major public health problem representing one of the most neglected diseases. Among 15 well-recognized Leishmania species known to infect humans, 13 have definite zoonotic nature, which include agents of visceral, cutaneous and mucocutaneous forms of the disease in both the Old and New Worlds. Mammal reservoir hosts belong to the marsupalia, edentata, carnivora, hyracoidea, and rodentia, maintaining sylvatic zoonotic foci in the deserts of Africa and Asia, the forests of South and Central America, as well as synanthropic foci in the Mediterranean basin and much of South America. Although the known vectors are all phlebotomine sandflies, these have a wide range of specific habits and habitats. The complexity of this group of infections has only recently been appreciated and is still being worked out. Currently, leishmanioses show a wider geographical distribution than previously known, with increased global incidence of human disease. Environmental, demographic and human behavioural factors contribute to the changing leishmaniosis landscape, which basically include increasing risk factors for zoonotic cutaneous leishmanioses, and new scenarios associated with the zoonotic entity of visceral leishmaniosis. In comparison with the anthroponotic entities of leishmaniosis, limited progresses were made for the control of the zoonotic ones, consisting mainly in new tools developed for the control of L. infantum in the canine reservoir.
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Interactive Atlas of Leishmaniasis in the Americas: Clinical Aspects and Differential Diagnosis. Organización Panamericana de la Salud, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37774/9789275121900.
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In the Region of the Americas, the leishmaniases are a group of diseases caused by various species of Leishmania, which cause a set of clinical syndromes in infected humans that can involve the skin, mucosa, and visceral organs. The spectrum of clinical disease is varied and depends on the interaction of several factors related to the parasite, the vector, and the host. Cutaneous leishmaniasis is the form most frequently reported in the Region and nearly 90% of cases present single or multiple localized lesions. Other cutaneous clinical forms, such as disseminated and diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis, are more difficult to treat and relapses are common. The mucosal form is serious because it can cause disfigurement and severe disability if not diagnosed and treated early on. Visceral leishmaniasis is the most severe form, as it can cause death in up to 90% of untreated people. In the Americas, clinical differences can be frequently found between endemic countries, mainly in the cutaneous form. Furthermore, many other diseases can be confused clinically with the different presentations of leishmaniasis and this is one of the greatest challenges for diagnosticians of the disease, who must also be aware of epidemiological reports and the patient’s clinical history. This Interactive Atlas of Leishmaniasis in the Americas: Clinical Aspects and Differential Diagnosis is a joint effort of the Pan American Health Organization, experts on this subject, and other collaborators, with support from the Federico Lleras Acosta University Hospital Dermatology Center of Colombia and the health ministries of the countries of the Region. This is an important and innovative publication that takes a practical approach to the subject, allowing professionals to interactively search for and study photographs and illustrations that reflect their daily work in the health services. The atlas discusses the main concepts and knowledge about leishmaniasis in the Americas, illustrating the clinical situation of these diseases in 10 endemic countries, through 1,029 photographs and illustrations that can be viewed on smartphones, tablets, and desktop or laptop computers. We believe the material will be valuable for all students and professionals at all levels of health care, including those in other continents, when treating patients infected in the Americas.
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Kaufman, S. T-cell Paradigms In Parasitic And Bacterial Infections (Current Topics in Microbiology & Immunology). Redaktor S. Kaufman. Springer, 1990.
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(Editor), José-Luis Avila, i J. Robin Harris (Editor), red. Intracellular Parasites (Subcellular Biochemistry). Springer, 1992.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaCzęści książek na temat "Leishmania- Disease"
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Lydyard, Peter M., Michael F. Cole, John Holton, William L. Irving, Nina Porakishvili, Pradhib Venkatesan i Katherine N. Ward. "Leishmania spp." W Case Studies in Infectious Disease, 193–99. Wyd. 2. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003155447-20.
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Bates, Paul A. "Infection of phlebotomine sandflies with Leishmania". W The Molecular Biology of Insect Disease Vectors, 112–20. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1535-0_10.
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Zhang, Wen-Wei, i Greg Matlashewski. "Screening Leishmania donovani Complex-Specific Genes Required for Visceral Disease". W Methods in Molecular Biology, 339–61. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1438-8_20.
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Dedet, Jean-Pierre. "Trypanosomatidae: Leishmania Species, Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas Disease), and Associated Complications". W Sequelae and Long-Term Consequences of Infectious Diseases, 275–89. Washington, DC, USA: ASM Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555815486.ch16.
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Das, Partha, MD Nur Alam, Tripti De i Tapati Chakraborti. "Proteases as Virulence Factors in Leishmania: Focus on Serine Proteases as Possible Therapeutic Targets". W Proteases in Health and Disease, 135–61. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9233-7_9.
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Coelho, Eduardo A. F., i Myron Christodoulides. "Vaccines for Canine Leishmaniasis". W Vaccines for Neglected Pathogens: Strategies, Achievements and Challenges, 281–306. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-24355-4_13.
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AbstractVisceral leishmaniasis is a zoonotic disease in many countries and dogs are considered the main domestic reservoir of Leishmania parasites, and the presence of infected animals represents a potential risk for human disease. In this chapter, we review the state-of-the-art of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CanL) vaccines, discussing the properties and problems associated with the few currently licensed and discontinued vaccines and looking forward to the development of new, more effective vaccines. Reducing the incidence of CanL through vaccination will improve canine health and welfare and contribute to preventing human VL.
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Mock, B. A., A. H. Fortier, M. Potter, J. Blackwell i C. A. Nacy. "Genetic Control of Systemic Leishmania major Infection: Identification of Subline Differences for Susceptibility to Disease". W Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, 115–21. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70740-7_17.
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Despommier, Dickson D., Robert W. Gwadz i Peter J. Hotez. "Leishmania tropica (Wright 1903) and Leishmania mexicana (Biagi 1953)". W Parasitic Diseases, 203–9. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2476-1_32.
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Maurício, Isabel L. "Leishmania Taxonomy". W The Leishmaniases: Old Neglected Tropical Diseases, 15–30. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72386-0_2.
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Despommier, Dickson D., Robert W. Gwadz i Peter J. Hotez. "Leishmania braziliensis (Vianna 1911)". W Parasitic Diseases, 209–13. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2476-1_33.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenia konferencji na temat "Leishmania- Disease"
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Movsesyan, S. O., R. A. Petrosyan, M. A. Nikogosyan, R. E. Barsegyan, N. B. Terenina, M. V. Voronin i M. V. Vardanyan. "BIODIVERSITY OF THE PARASITE FAUNA IN THE NORTHERN REGIONS OF ARMENIA AND THE LAKE SEVAN BASIN". W THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PARASITIC DISEASE CONTROL. All-Russian Scientific Research Institute for Fundamental and Applied Parasitology of Animals and Plant – a branch of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Centre VIEV”, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/978-5-6048555-6-0.2023.24.306-311.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The variety of parasite species, infection of domesticated animals (including cattle,
sheep, goats, rabbits, poultry, dogs and pigs), natural infection of biohelminths'
intermediate hosts (including terrestrial and freshwater mollusks, soil oribatid mites)
with helminth larvae, and the species composition of tick vectors of blood protozoan
diseases have been studied. The studies found the infection of the above animals with
the following helminth species: 4 trematode species Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica,
Dicrocoelium lanceatum, Paramphistomum sp., 13 nematode species Ascaris suum, A.
galli, Syngamus trachea, Capillaria caudinflata, Trichuris ovis, Tr. suis, Metastrongylus
elongatus, Chabertia sp., Haemonchus sp., Protostrongylus spp., Muellerius capillaris,
Dictyocaulus filaria, Cystocaulus nigrescens, 2 cestode species Moniezia expansa, M.
benedeni; 9 eimeria species Eimeria arloingi, E. intricata, E. stidae, E. magna, E.
perforans, E. tenella, E. acervulina, and E. exigua; 3 Haemosporidia species Babesia
bigeminum, B. ovis, and B. canis; and 1 Leishmania species Leishmania tropica.
There were also detected 17 species of ticks, vectors of blood protozoan diseases of
animals, and intermediate hosts of moniezia were isolated. Two species of terrestrial
and 3 species of freshwater mollusks being as intermediate hosts of helminths were
recorded.
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SILVA, SERGIO E. LEMOS DA, BRUNA SCARPELLI PEDROSA VIEIRA, BRUNO RODRIGO DE MEDEIROS, EMILLENE MARIA SILVA OLIVEIRA, JULIANA DA CONCEIçãO SILVA FIGUEIREDO i MARIA DAGUIJARA SANTOS SILVA. "HEALTH INDICATORS OF CANINE VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS AS TOOLS FOR CONTROL AND PREVENTION IN BRAZIL". W II South Florida Congress of Development. brazco, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47172/iisfcdv2022.0022.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis (CVL) is a disease caused by the protozoan genus Leishmania and transmitted by the bite of the sand fly mosquito. It is considered a zoonosis and its control is based on the diversity of urban vector reservoir agents, where dogs are the main reservoirs of the parasite. The present article aimed to investigate the prevalence and incidence of CVL in different regions of Brazil, from a literature review. An analysis of scientific articles focusing on the epidemiological, clinical, diagnostic, prophylaxis and control aspects of the disease was carried out. The prevalence of CVL in Brazilian regions is determined by means of clinical, epidemiological and laboratory diagnostic methods. Laboratory confirmation is necessary to avoid false positive results, whose consequences can be fatal, such as euthanasia in non infected animals. The study is based on the survey of transmission areas with the evaluation of the effectiveness of actions to control and progress the disease, such as the reduction of prevalence and lethality, with measures of interventions and environmental sanitation that can reduce its incidence. It was found that the knowledge of the epidemiological indicators of CVL are essential to implement health actions to promote control and prevention in susceptible populations.