Artykuły w czasopismach: „Legitimacy judgments”

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Bredemeier, Brenda Jo, Maureen R. Weiss, David L. Shields i Bruce A. B. Cooper. "The Relationship between Children’s Legitimacy Judgments and Their Moral Reasoning, Aggression Tendencies, and Sport Involvement". Sociology of Sport Journal 4, nr 1 (marzec 1987): 48–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.4.1.48.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate (a) the relationship between children’s judgments regarding the legitimacy of potentially injurious sport acts for adults and for children, (b) the relationships between children’s legitimacy judgments and their moral reasoning, aggression tendencies, and sport involvement, and (c) the relative ability of the latter three variables to predict legitimacy judgments. Analyses were based on 78 girls and boys in grades 4 through 7 who participated in a moral interview, completed aggression ten dency and sport involvement questionnaires, and evaluated the legitimacy of potentially injurious sport acts depicted in a series of slides. Analyses revealed that children accepted more acts as legitimate for adults than for children. Boys’ legitimacy judgments were significantly related to their moral reasoning, aggression tendencies, and involvement in high-contact sports, but girls’ legitimacy judgments were correlated only with their life aggression tendencies. Children’s aggression tendencies were found to be the best predictors of their legitimacy judgments.

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Jahn, Johannes, Melanie Eichhorn i Rolf Brühl. "How Do Individuals Judge Organizational Legitimacy? Effects of Attributed Motives and Credibility on Organizational Legitimacy". Business & Society 59, nr 3 (6.07.2017): 545–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0007650317717959.

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This experimental study examines individuals’ legitimacy judgments. We develop a model that demonstrates the role of attributed motives and corporate credibility for the evaluation of organizational legitimacy and test this model with an experimental vignette study. Our results show that when a corporate activity creates benefits for the firm—in addition to social benefits—individuals attribute more extrinsic motives. Extrinsic motives are ascribed when a corporation is perceived as being driven by external rewards as opposed to an altruistic commitment to a social cause. Extrinsic motives negatively affect corporate credibility and organizational legitimacy judgments. This article contributes to a better understanding of the complex process of organizational legitimacy judgment by shedding light on the individual’s perspective and expounding the relationship between attributed motives, corporate credibility, and organizational legitimacy.

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Bredemeier, Brenda Jo. "Moral Reasoning and the Perceived Legitimacy of Intentionally Injurious Sport Acts". Journal of Sport Psychology 7, nr 2 (czerwiec 1985): 110–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsp.7.2.110.

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A structural-developmental approach was employed in the present study to investigate athletes' moral cognitions about intentionally injurious sport acts. Analyses were based on interviews with 40 female and male high school and college basketball players. Subjects reasoned about general life and sport-specific moral dilemmas and made judgments in hypothetical and engaged contexts about the legitimacy of sport behaviors presented in the Continuum of Injurious Acts (CIA). Athletes' moral reasoning levels were inversely related to the number of CIA acts they perceived as legitimate; this reasoning-judgment relationship was particularly strong for sport reasoning and judgments made in the hypothetical context. Also, differences in the perceived legitimacy of CIA acts occurred in hypothetical and engaged contexts and as a function of sex and, in the engaged condition, school level. Results were discussed in light of athletes' coordination of moral reasoning and decision-making about intentionally injurious sport acts.

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Kochel, Tammy Rinehart. "Legitimacy judgments in neighborhood context". Policing: An International Journal 40, nr 3 (21.08.2017): 529–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pijpsm-05-2016-0066.

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Purpose Policing differs across neighborhoods, but little is known about how context conditions residents’ assessments about police legitimacy. The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether procedural justice and police effectiveness differently contribute to legitimacy judgments depending on the security risk inherent in the context. Design/methodology/approach The research applies a series of multi-level regression models using nearly 3,000 surveys of Trinidad and Tobago residents. Findings Police legitimacy and the conditions that promote legitimacy vary across neighborhoods. In “good” neighborhoods, individuals draw on police effectiveness and procedural justice to infer legitimacy, but in at-risk neighborhoods, residents’ views derive from effectiveness. Procedural justice does not play a significant role. Practical implications One implication for police is that the current emphasis on evidence-based policing strategies, especially in high crime neighborhoods, can provide a mechanism to improve the generally negative views about police legitimacy held by those residents. The findings do not imply, however, that police need not be concerned about procedural justice in at-risk neighborhoods. In fact, as police improve their crime prevention prowess, views about how procedurally just their methods are increase in importance. Originality/value Prior research addressing the antecedents of legitimacy has focused on individual demographic and attitudinal predictors. Only two prior studies have begun to investigate whether residents of different contexts may form their views based on different antecedents. This study outlines a theoretical basis for why different bases may be expected and then tests those expectations using rigorous statistical analyses.

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Tost, Leigh Plunkett. "An Integrative Model of Legitimacy Judgments". Academy of Management Review 36, nr 4 (październik 2011): 686–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/amr.2010.0227.

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Tost, Leigh Plunkett. "AN INTEGRATIVE MODEL OF LEGITIMACY JUDGMENTS." Academy of Management Review 36, nr 4 (1.10.2011): 686–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/amr.2011.65554690.

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Kunc, François. "The Judgment as Revelation". Pólemos 15, nr 1 (1.04.2021): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pol-2021-2003.

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Abstract The judge’s judgment is intended to be the definitive means of quelling controversy – the last word. While judgments have always been open to question by various means, the current social and political environment is especially prone to challenging the judgments of courts. This paper will consider the judgment through the lens of ideas about text, truth and legitimacy to explore the pressure such challenges can place on the capacity of law to hold the line in times of uncertainty.

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Engel, David M. "Judging and Judgment in Contemporary Asia: Editor’s Introduction to this Special Issue". Asian Journal of Law and Society 8, nr 2 (czerwiec 2021): 199–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/als.2020.25.

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AbstractAlthough the figure of the wise judge may be a universal trope, respect is not automatically accorded every person who passes judgment on another. To be perceived as legitimate, judges must occupy an institutional status with the power to decide controverted cases and must have access to specialized or even sacred knowledge and moral authority. Historically, Asian judges could claim legitimacy through their connection to transcendent legal principles, such as dhamma or dao or shari’a. In contemporary Asia, however, conceptions of law and legal legitimacy have become pluralistic, contested, and contradictory. Judges may to some extent retain a connection to the sacred and the transcendent, yet that connection is no longer sufficient in itself to insulate their judgments—or their character—from criticism. How, then, can the “good judge” be distinguished from judges who fall short of the mark? In this Special Issue, five distinguished scholars explore the crisis of legitimation as it affects judging and judgment in Sri Lanka, India, China, Indonesia, and Thailand.

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Siraz, Sonia, Bjorn Paul Claes i Julio O. De Castro. "Legitimate or illegitimate? Insights into validity cues, core values, and legitimacy judgments". Academy of Management Proceedings 2018, nr 1 (sierpień 2018): 16620. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2018.16620abstract.

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Wang, Yu. "Analysis of the Civil Power of the News by Civil and Anti-Civil Reporting of the ICC: In Case of Brexit as News Story". Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Studies 4, nr 4 (11.12.2022): 315–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/jhsss.2022.4.4.37.

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In the civil sphere, news excises its civil power by making civil and anti-civil judgments. These judgments need media organizations to use specific lexis to emphasize the public sentiment with ICC of identity, legitimacy, and risk. Thus, Brexit as a news story is selected from 12th November to 18th November 2018 from The Mirror, The Guardian, and The Washington Post in this paper. In terms of ICC of identity determination, journalists prefer to use a combination of pros and cons to reflect the impact of the Brexit event on the public. Concerning ICC of legitimacy, journalists mostly focus on the border problem of Northern Ireland by using anti-civil judgments. For the part of the ICC risk, the government gives some specific measures to overcome potential risks which belong to civil judgment. The rest reports just list what risks would happen and what influence people and the state will face but do not give positive and effective measures, so these reports belong to anti-civil judgment. In short, the analysis reveals that the news media prefer using anti-civil judgement over civil judgement by using compound language with multiple positive and negative perspectives to achieve this purpose of reporting.

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Etter, Michael, Elanor Colleoni, Laura Illia, Katia Meggiorin i Antonino D’Eugenio. "Measuring Organizational Legitimacy in Social Media: Assessing Citizens’ Judgments With Sentiment Analysis". Business & Society 57, nr 1 (20.12.2016): 60–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0007650316683926.

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Conventional quantitative methods for the measurement of organizational legitimacy consider mainly three sources that make judgments about organizations visible: news media, accreditation bodies, and surveys. Over the last decade, however, social media have enabled ordinary citizens to bypass the gatekeeping function of these institutional evaluators and autonomously make individual judgments public. This inclusion of voices beyond functional and formally organized stakeholder groups potentially pluralizes the ongoing discussions about organizations. The individual judgments in blogs, tweets, and Facebook posts give indication about the broader fit between an organization’s perceived behavior and heterogeneous social norms and therefore constitute an indicator of organizational legitimacy that can be accessed and measured. We propose the use of social media data and sentiment analysis to study the affect-based responses to organizational actions by citizens. We critically discuss and compare the method with existing quantitative methods for legitimacy measurement and apply them to a recent case in the banking industry. We discuss the value of the method for studying the process of legitimacy construction as the expression and negotiation of normative judgments about organizations by various evaluators.

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Canel, Maria-José, Evandro Samuel Oliveira i Vilma Luoma-aho. "Exploring citizens’ judgments about the legitimacy of public policies on refugees". Journal of Communication Management 21, nr 4 (6.11.2017): 355–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcom-02-2017-0025.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is threefold: to introduce a theoretical frame regarding the meaning of legitimacy as an intangible asset of the public sector; to test a way of operationalizing legitimacy typologies that allows exploring and comparing how citizens from two countries evaluate the legitimacy of public policies; and to suggest implications for governments’ legitimacy-building strategies in shared international crisis, such as the refugees coming from the Syrian region. Design/methodology/approach Building on Suchman’s typology, it was defined and categorized different types of legitimacy into concrete measurable, communication related statements concerning consequential, procedural, structural and personal. For the illustrative example, four focus groups were conducted in two different European societies as a mean to have two poles of comparison. Findings The paper reports current understanding of legitimacy by citizens, discusses how different legitimacy types might demand different communication and public diplomacy approaches. The basis for hypothesis for further research on how governments should build legitimacy during emerging societal issues such as immigration policies is set. Practical implications It proposes a typology and its operationalization, discusses how communication might shape legitimacy and profiles the challenge governments have in building it. Within a public diplomacy context, it brings clues for new strategies to the challenge of explaining policies on international crisis combining the tension of domestic with foreign publics. Originality/value There is little research so far in search for clues for communication strategies for the legitimacy of policies on the 2015 European refugee’s crisis. This contributes to the emerging area of intangible assets in the public sector and tests a focus-group research strategy with both hermeneutical and pragmatic aims. Combine public diplomacy theory with public sector intangible assets theory to respond to the tension of internal and external public demands.

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Bagg, Samuel. "Realism against Legitimacy". Social Theory and Practice 48, nr 1 (2022): 29–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/soctheorpract2021129146.

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This article challenges the association between realist methodology and ideals of legitimacy. Many who seek a more “realistic” or “political” approach to political theory replace the familiar orientation towards a state of (perfect) justice with a structurally similar orientation towards a state of (sufficient) legitimacy. As a result, they fail to provide more reliable practical guidance, and wrongly displace radical demands. Rather than orienting action towards any state of affairs, I suggest that a more practically useful approach to political theory would directly address judgments, by comparing the concrete possibilities for action faced by real political actors.

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Gauthier, Jeffrey, i Jeffrey A. Kappen. "Corporate rhetorical strategies in the legitimation of genetically modified foods". Journal of Communication Management 21, nr 3 (7.08.2017): 218–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcom-10-2016-0081.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the rhetorical strategies used by organizations when the legitimacy of their products is challenged by stakeholders’ sustainability concerns. Design/methodology/approach The approach involves rhetorical analysis of texts addressing the implications of genetically modified foods for sustainability. The rhetorical logic (pathos, logos, or ethos) and discursive intent (promotion of validity or propriety) invoked by leading seed producers to address stakeholders’ sustainability concerns was identified. Findings Ethos was found to be used to address validity judgments, pathos to address propriety judgments, and logos to address both validity and propriety judgments. The mechanisms through which rhetorical logic supports discursive intent are described. Research limitations/implications This study contributes to a growing body of research at the intersection of discourse and legitimacy, and reveals the rhetorical strategies used to address stakeholders’ sustainability concerns. Future research can build on the study’s findings by examining the effectiveness of distinct rhetorical strategies in building legitimacy. Originality/value We lack a complete understanding of how legitimacy is discursively constructed when stakeholder concerns, such as those around sustainability, threaten an organization’s legitimacy. This paper’s examination of rhetorical logic and discursive intent advances this understanding.

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Lenz, Tobias, i Lora Anne Viola. "Legitimacy and institutional change in international organisations: a cognitive approach". Review of International Studies 43, nr 5 (15.06.2017): 939–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210517000201.

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AbstractWhy are some institutional designs perceived as more legitimate than others, and why is the same institutional design sometimes perceived as legitimacy-enhancing in one setting and not in another? In a world in which most international organisations (IOs) do not fully embody societal values and norms, such as democratic participation and equal treatment, why do legitimacy deficits in some organisations lead to pressure for institutional change while in others they are tolerated? These are important questions given that many analysts have diagnosed a ‘legitimacy crisis’ of IOs, but we argue that existing approaches are ill equipped to answer them. We show that the existing legitimacy literature has an implicit model of institutional change – the congruence model – but that this model has difficulty accounting for important patterns of change and non-change because it lacks microfoundations. We argue that attributions of legitimacy rest on perceptions and this implies the need to investigate the cognitive bases of legitimacy. We introduce a cognitive model of legitimacy and deduce a set of testable propositions to explain the conditions under which legitimacy judgments change and, in turn, produce pressures for institutional change in IOs.

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Wang, Chong, i Peter Wilson Cardon. "The networked enterprise and legitimacy judgments: why digital platforms need leadership". Journal of Business Strategy 40, nr 6 (18.11.2019): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbs-04-2019-0073.

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Purpose In recent years, scholars, business practitioners and consultants frequently talk about building the networked enterprise. The purpose of this paper is to examine the connections between networked enterprises, organizational legitimacy and organizational performance. Design/methodology/approach A survey was developed that measured the following aspects of a networked enterprise: employees who network and communicate extensively via internal digital platforms across their organizations; leaders who actively use internal digital platforms to communicate with employees; leaders who actively communicate with stakeholders via external digital platforms; and an innovation culture. The survey measured the following forms of legitimacy judgments: moral; instrumental; and relational. Altogether, 501 executives and managers were surveyed (207 executives, 147 senior managers and 147 managers) in mid-to-large sized (over 500 employees) companies. Findings The analyses showed strong statistical significance for nearly all relationships. Internal communication on digital platforms, networked employee communication and an innovation culture all contributed to moral, instrumental and relational legitimacy. Leadership communication on external digital platforms (social media) was not a significant contributor to moral or relational legitimacy but was a significant contributor to instrumental legitimacy. Higher organization legitimacy was correlated with higher profit growth. Practical implications Leaders and communicators should prioritize a networked enterprise in several ways. They should actively communicate with employees on internal digital platforms. To be absent on internal digital platforms is a significant missed opportunity by leaders to build organizational legitimacy. Further, leaders and communicators should actively promote networked communication among employees as much as possible. Finally, leaders and communicators should communicate, model and reward an innovation culture. Originality/value There are no known scholarly studies that accomplish the following: empirically examine a model of networked enterprises comprised of vertical and horizontal communication and an innovation culture; and make connections between leadership communication on digital platforms in networked enterprises with legitimacy judgments. The large sample of contemporary executives and managers bolsters the strength of the findings.

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Ryan, M. Kathleen, Jean M. Williams i Beverly Wimer. "Athletic Aggression: Perceived Legitimacy and Behavioral Intentions in Girls’ High School Basketball". Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 12, nr 1 (marzec 1990): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsep.12.1.48.

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The present study examined the stability of athletes' legitimacy judgments and behavioral intentions over the course of a basketball season and the relationship between these factors to actual behavior. The 49 female basketball players responded to a questionnaire that was derived from Bredemeier's (1985) Continuum of Injurious Acts. The preseason legitimacy rating of aggressive actions made by first-year basketball players were significantly higher than those made by more experienced players, but by the end of the season the first-year participants' ratings had dropped to a level comparable to their more experienced teammates. Preseason legitimacy judgments were found to predict player aggression during the season. Interpretation of the findings and recommendations for future direction in this area are discussed.

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Schnider, Robin, Patrick Haack i Andreas Georg Scherer. "Legitimacy Judgments about Corporate Tax Avoidance: A Deliberation Experiment". Academy of Management Proceedings 2018, nr 1 (sierpień 2018): 12984. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2018.258.

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Huynh, Chang Wa, Yoonjin Choi i Rodolphe Durand. "Organizational Purpose: Legitimacy Judgments and Preference for a Company". Academy of Management Proceedings 2021, nr 1 (sierpień 2021): 13184. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2021.13184abstract.

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Hagemeier, Nicholas E., Arsham Alamian, Matthew M. Murawski, Heather Flippin, Elizabeth J. Hagy i Robert P. Pack. "Correlates of Prescription Opioid Legitimacy Judgments Among Community Pharmacists". Substance Use & Misuse 51, nr 6 (12.04.2016): 692–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10826084.2015.1135952.

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Peake, Whitney Oliver, i Derrick E. D'Souza. "A Unifying Framework for New Venture Legitimacy Judgments Formation". Academy of Management Proceedings 2013, nr 1 (styczeń 2013): 10102. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2013.10102abstract.

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Oppong, Richard Frimpong. "Legitimacy of Regional Economic Integration Courts in Africa". African Journal of Legal Studies 7, nr 1 (7.05.2014): 61–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17087384-12342041.

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Abstract The expansion of economic integration initiatives in Africa has been accompanied by an increase in the number of regional courts currently operating on the continent. Four of these courts have been particularly active, spinning off judgments on issues ranging from the legality of national elections to the free movement of persons. There is a modest but growing body of scholarship on the jurisprudence of the courts. However, to date, there has been little or no attempt in the academic literature to examine the legitimacy of the courts. The issue of the courts’ legitimacy is important because of the potential impact of their judgments on national legal systems and policies. This paper examines that issue. While acknowledging that the concept of legitimacy is not free of debate, it identifies a number of factors that influence the legitimacy of international courts and applies them to the regional courts. An earlier draft of this paper was presented at a workshop on the legitimacy of international courts at the Centre for International and Comparative Law, Duke University School of Law.

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Lock, Daniel, Kevin Filo, Thilo Kunkel i James L. Skinner. "The Development of a Framework to Capture Perceptions of Sport Organizations Legitimacy". Journal of Sport Management 29, nr 4 (lipiec 2015): 362–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsm.2014-0005.

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In this manuscript, we use Bitektine’s (2011) theory of organizational social judgments to develop a framework to Capture Perceptions of Organizational Legitimacy (CPOL). We outline a three-stage framework as a method to measure the perceived dimensions on which constituents scrutinize a sport organization’s legitimacy. In stage one of the framework, we defined the organizational context of a nonprofit sport organization in Sydney, Australia to establish the classification, purpose, and relationship of the focal entity to its constituents. In stage two, we distributed a qualitative questionnaire (N = 279) to identify the perceived dimensions on which constituents scrutinized organizational action. In stage 3 we distributed a quantitative questionnaire (N = 860) to test six perceived dimensions, which emerged during stage two of the CPOL framework. The six dimensions explained 63% of respondents’ overall organizational judgment, providing support for the CPOL framework as a context-driven process to measure constituent perceptions of the legitimacy of sport organizations.

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Silva, Nicolas. "Beyond Value Sovereignty". Culturas Científicas 3, nr 2 (31.12.2022): 131–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.35588/cc.v3i2.5784.

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The following paper argues that issues in paradigmatic proposals for solving the new demarcation problem stem from absolutist assumptions about judgments of value legitimacy. Both the problem of uninformativeness (Larroulet Philippi 2020; Fernandez-Pinto 2014, 2015) and the problem of ambiguous judgments of cases (Hicks 2014; Intemann 2017) are explained by an absolutist pretension contained in one of the main aims of these proposals: providing criteria for differentiating legitimate from illegitimate uses of values, without qualification. After presenting the problems and showing how they stem from that common source, we will sketch a way forward, inspired mainly by Joseph Rouse’s Beyond Epistemic Sovereignty (1996), advancing routes that can allow philosophers of science to evade these pitfalls and engage with scientific practice in a more salutary manner.

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Lee, Jin Woo, i InSul Kim. "The Cultural-Cognitive, Normative, and Regulative Legitimacy of Artworks: Focusing on the Case of Cho Young Nam’s Ghost Painter". Korean Arts Association of Arts Management 64 (30.11.2022): 5–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.52564/jamp.2022.64.5.

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The purpose of this study is to understand the legitimacy of artworks implemented in society beyond the art world through the case of Cho Young Nam’s ghost painter. This article theoretically reviewed the legitimacy of artworks in three pillars (cultural-cognitive, normative, and regulative) drawn from the neo-institutional approach and the perspective of the sociology of arts. A qualitative case study, then, was conducted on Cho Young Nam’s Hwatu paintings by mainly collecting secondary data such as newspapers, the written judgments of courts, books, journal articles, and so on. As a result, this study found the existence of experts, the public, and the judiciary, both inside and outside the art world, who are involved in the legitimation of the art. Accordingly, this study is meaningful in understanding that the discussion on the legitimacy of artworks is conducted at normative and regulative levels in addition to the cultural-cognitive layer by intermediaries in the art world that have been stressed in previous research. However, this study discusses that the arguments about the legitimacy of Cho Young Nam’s Hwatu paintings at the level of cultural-cognitive continue, albeit reserving judgment of the judiciary on and ethically criticizing by the public that legitimacy. This implies that the debate about the legitimacy of artworks within and outside the art world is again limited to the inside of the art world.

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Dzehtsiarou, Kanstantsin, i Alan Greene. "Legitimacy and the Future of the European Court of Human Rights: Critical Perspectives from Academia and Practitioners". German Law Journal 12, nr 10 (1.10.2011): 1707–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s207183220001751x.

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In April 2011, University College Dublin (UCD) School of Law research students held their Fifth Annual Postgraduate Conference, the theme of which was “The Legacy and Future of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR). Evaluating Sixty Years of the European Human Rights Project.” The articles contained in this special edition of the German Law Journal reflect the efforts made at this conference by its participants. While the papers presented vary quite widely in their substantive content, they are connected by a recurring theme— that the ECtHR faces a crisis of legitimacy. A judgment is legitimate if it is persuasive to the civic society constituted by the European Convention of Human Rights (ECHR), and perceived as authoritative by the subjects affected by the ECtHR's decision. The judgments of the ECtHR are fiercely criticized and their legitimacy is repeatedly questioned by the Contracting Parties and media in particular, and by civic society in general. As it stands, the ECtHR is suffocating from the overwhelming number of applications lodged, and even the tiny percentage of those applications that are decided by it face “a barrage of hostile criticism,” as Michael O'Boyle outlines in his article. The ECtHR's future, to a major extent, depends on how this crisis is tackled.

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Karam, Charlotte M., i Fida Afiouni. "Women and the legitimization of (not) engaging in paid work: logics from Lebanon". Career Development International 22, nr 6 (9.10.2017): 628–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cdi-09-2016-0148.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore how public (i.e. culture, state, paid work) and private (i.e. household) patriarchal structures work to shape a woman’s own legitimacy judgments concerning not engaging in paid work. The authors trace the intersection and interaction of legitimacy logics at both the collective (i.e. validity) and individual (i.e. propriety) levels, thereby gaining a better contextual understanding of each woman’s perception of career opportunities and limitations. Design/methodology/approach Qualitative methodology drawing from 35 semi-structured interviews with Lebanese women. A multilevel analytic framework combining the institutional structures of private and public patriarchy with the micro-processes of institutional logics is used. Findings Legitimization of (not) engaging in paid work is often tied to patriarchal logics that favor private sphere responsibilities for women, particularly related to the relational and instrumental logics of childrearing and husband-oriented responsibilities. Women’s legitimacy judgment formation seems to be based on multilevel cues and on differential instances of evaluative vs passive judgment formation. Some appear to passively assume the legitimacy of the logics; while others more actively question these logics. The findings suggest that active questioning is often overwhelmed by the negative and harsh realities making the woman succumb to passivity and choosing not to engage in paid work. Originality/value This study provides: a better mapping of the individual woman’s daily cognitions concerning the legitimacy of (not) engaging in paid work; and a unique multilevel analytic framework that can serve as a useful example of contextualizing career research.

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Siraz, Sonia, Julio O. De Castro i Bjorn Paul Claes. "Tainted Perceptions? An Assessment of Legitimacy Judgments of Entrepreneurial Failures". Academy of Management Proceedings 2020, nr 1 (sierpień 2020): 19125. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2020.19125abstract.

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Goh, Kenneth, Daniel Z. Mack i Gerard George. "How Nascent Organizations Overcome Unfavorable Legitimacy Judgments to Form Partnerships". Academy of Management Proceedings 2021, nr 1 (sierpień 2021): 15246. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2021.15246abstract.

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Kavussanu, Maria, i Glyn C. Roberts. "Moral Functioning in Sport: An Achievement Goal Perspective". Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 23, nr 1 (marzec 2001): 37–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsep.23.1.37.

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This study examined the role of achievement goals on indices of moral functioning (i.e., moral judgment, intention and behavior), unsportsmanlike attitudes, and judgments about the legitimacy of intentionally injurious acts in college basketball players. Male (n = 56) and female (n = 143) athletes completed questionnaires assessing the aforementioned variables. Multivariate analysis of variance revealed significant differences according to gender on the variables of interest. Specifically, male athletes reported higher ego orientation, lower task orientation, lower levels of moral functioning, and greater approval of unsportsmanlike behaviors, and they were more likely than females to judge injurious acts as legitimate. For the female sample, canonical correlation analysis indicated the presence of a significant but weak relationship between goal orientations and the set of moral variables. Higher ego orientation was related to lower levels of the judgment and intention indices of moral functioning and greater acceptance of intentionally injurious acts. Although this relationship was significant, the strength of the association between the two sets of variables accounted for only 9% of the variance in the set of moral variables.

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Costa, Jean-Paul. "On the Legitimacy of the European Court of Human Rights' Judgments". European Constitutional Law Review 7, nr 2 (czerwiec 2011): 173–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1574019611200026.

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Blevins, Dane Patrick, Alex B. Bitektine i Greg Bell. "Coming to America: Diversity in Cognitive Legitimacy Judgments of Chinese IPOs". Academy of Management Proceedings 2015, nr 1 (styczeń 2015): 15448. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2015.15448abstract.

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Greenwood, Lucy, Damien Charlotin i Leonor Díaz-Córdova. "Noises Off: Towards Greater Consistency in International Arbitration Awards". Journal of International Arbitration 39, Issue 2 (1.03.2022): 213–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/joia2022009.

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‘Noise’ is the unjustified and unwanted variance in a set of judgments over comparable issues. Together with bias, Noise is a driver of error in decision-making. As argued by the authors of the bestseller ‘Noise: A Flaw in Human Judgment’, every set of judgments or decisions (in legal proceedings or otherwise) evidence statistical ‘Noise’, and more of it than is commonly believed. Such variance has corrosive, if often concealed, consequences in terms of fairness, efficiency and legitimacy. In this article we demonstrate that there is likely to be substantial Noise in international arbitration proceedings, which is driven by features inherent to the arbitral process (though further features also help mitigate it). We present our Noise Audit and identify examples of Noise in publicly-available awards. We conclude with a number of recommendations to minimize Noise, in order to forge a pathway towards greater consistency in international arbitration. International Arbitration, Consistency, Noise, Variance, Psychology, Dispute- Resolution, Empirical, Interest Rates, Country Risk

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Alexiou, Kostas, i Jennifer Wiggins. "Measuring individual legitimacy perceptions: Scale development and validation". Strategic Organization 17, nr 4 (9.05.2018): 470–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1476127018772862.

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To fully understand legitimacy as a complex construct, it is necessary to capture both collective perceptions and individual judgments. Much of the empirical research on legitimacy has focused on measuring the collective perceptions of groups of evaluators or critical institutions. This research develops and validates a psychometric measure of individual perceptions of pragmatic, moral, and cognitive legitimacy. Across seven studies, we demonstrate consistent reliability and scale structure, as well as convergent, discriminant, nomological, and predictive validity. We further show the generalizability and robustness of the measure across a variety of organizations and industries. This measure will advance empirical research on legitimacy by enabling researchers to capture the perceptions of individual evaluators directly and permit the comparison of results across studies.

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Boiko, O. V. "TRIAL PUBLICITY AS A SECURITY OF THE RIGHT TO A FAIR TRIAL". Actual problems of native jurisprudence 1, nr 1 (11.03.2021): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/392123.

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This article analyzes the criminal procedural legislation, the practice of the European Court of Human Rights, scientific approaches to determining the structure and characteristics of the criminal trial publicity as a separate element of the right to a fair trial. It is determined that requirement for a public trial includes the following aspects: open trial; oral court debates during the trial; open, public proclamation and publication of judgments. It is proved that the public nature of the trial is a fundamental principle of the court proceeding ensuring the fairness of the adopted judgment. Due to publicity, the justice and the trial gain legitimacy. During the public hearing of the case, the parties or stakeholders, as well as any third parties shall have access to the courtroom. The trial openness can be ensured by broadcasting the hearing or holding the photo and video shooting, as well as audio recording. It is determined that during the case consideration in the trial court the oral proceedings are mandatory, except in certain cases stipulated by law and justified by the circumstances of the case. Proceedings to challenge the judgments in appellate or cassation courts, which provide for consideration of the matter of law (and not the matter of fact) only, may be conducted without hearing the parties to the trial, provided that a public oral hearing of the case was held in the trial court. It is justified that the purpose of a public judgment proclamation is to ensure public control over the judiciary branch of power. When determining the form of the judgment promulgation, not a formal but an essential approach should be taken as the basis. In addition to oral public announcement of a judgment, the other methods of its promulgation allow achieving the goal. In Ukraine, the judgments are announced in court and published in the Unified State Registry of Judgments. There may be exceptions to the general publicity requirement stipulated by law and justified by specific circumstances of the case (categories of cases or peculiarities of the parties).

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Lenz, Tobias, Alexandr Burilkov i Lora Anne Viola. "Legitimacy and the Cognitive Sources of International Institutional Change: The Case of Regional Parliamentarization". International Studies Quarterly 63, nr 4 (19.08.2019): 1094–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqz051.

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Abstract How and under what conditions does legitimacy affect processes of international institutional change? This article specifies and evaluates three causal mechanisms by which variation in legitimacy induces institutional change in international organizations (IOs) and argues that an important, yet hitherto neglected, source of legitimacy-based change is cognitive in nature. Using survival analysis, we evaluate these mechanisms with a novel dataset on the establishment of parliamentary institutions in thirty-six regional organizations between 1950 and 2010. We find that the empowerment of supranational secretariats, engagement with the European Union, and parliamentarization in an organization's neighborhood increase the likelihood of regional parliamentarization. This suggests that legitimacy judgments that draw on cognitive referents provide an important source of international institutional change. We illustrate the underlying cognitive emulation mechanism with a case study of parliamentarization in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations.

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Rawlins, Michael D. "EVIDENCE, VALUES, AND DECISION MAKING". International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 30, nr 2 (kwiecień 2014): 233–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462314000154.

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Background: The evidence supporting the use of new, or established, interventions may be derived from either (or both) experimental or observational study designs. Although a rigorous examination of the evidence base for clinical and cost-effectiveness is essential, it is never sufficient, and those undertaking a health technology assessment (HTA) also have to exercise judgments.Methods: The basis for this discussion is largely from the author's experience as chairman of the national Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE).Results: The judgments necessary for HTA to make are twofold. Scientific judgments relate to the interpretation of the science. Social value judgments are concerned with the ethical principles, preferences, culture, and aspirations of society.Conclusions: How scientific and social value judgments might be most appropriately captured is a challenge for all HTA agencies. Although competent HTA bodies should be able to exercise scientific judgments they have no legitimacy to impose their own social values. These must ultimately be informed by the general public.

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Ćapeta, Tamara. "The Advocate General: Bringing Clarity to CJEU Decisions? A Case-Study of Mangold and Kücükdeveci". Cambridge Yearbook of European Legal Studies 14 (2012): 563–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5235/152888712805580480.

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AbstractThe question at the centre of focus in this chapter is whether the Advocate Generals’ (AGs’) Opinions contribute to the clarity of the Court’s decisions and thus increase its legitimacy. Methodologically, it analyses the cases of Mangold and Kücükdeveci and the pertaining AGs’ Opinions. It also looks at the Opinions of other AGs in other cases that commented upon either of these two judgments. It concludes that due to the lack of response by the Court to the arguments offered by its AGs, their Opinions have a very weak capacity to clarify unreasoned parts of the judgment to the general public beyond the Court. Thus the only real beneficiary of the Opinions is the academic community.

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Thireau, Isabelle, i Linshan Hua. "Judgments of Legitimacy and Illegitimacy : Normative Life in the New Chinese Workplaces". Revue française de sociologie 48, nr 5 (2007): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rfs.485.0073.

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Kinoshita, Yoshiko. "Judgments of the Legitimacy of Community Rules, Including Rules Regulating Individual Concerns:". Japanese Journal of Educational Psychology 69, nr 4 (30.12.2021): 396–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.5926/jjep.69.396.

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Haack, Patrick, i Jost Sieweke. "Advancing the Measurement of Organizational Legitimacy, Reputation, and Status: First-order Judgments vs Second-order Judgments—Commentary on “Organizational legitimacy, reputation and status: Insights from micro-level management”". Academy of Management Discoveries 6, nr 1 (marzec 2020): 153–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/amd.2019.0103.

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Urbaniak, Monika, i Marcin Waszak. "Wyznaczenie pełnomocnika podmiotu leczniczego przez Ministra Zdrowia. Glosa do wyroków Wojewódzkiego Sądu Administracyjnego w Warszawie o sygn. V SA/Wa 3081/21 oraz VIII SA/Wa 282/21". Acta Iuridica Resoviensia 36, nr 1 (2022): 260–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.15584/actaires.2022.1.21.

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The judgments referred to in the summary raise the issue of management of hospitals in the times of epidemics. The precedent decisions of the Voivodeship Administrative Court in Warsaw have been analysed, verifying not only the legitimacy of appointing hospital attorneys but also important interpretation guidelines included in their content concerning appointment of attorneys in the future. Authors of this publication try to bring closer the most important aspects of factual states and legal conditions leading to the appointment of hospital proxies, the legitimacy of recourse to the institution of expropriation and the merits of legal assessments expressed by the administrative court.

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Loveland, Ian. "Liberty, Equality and the Right to Marry under the Fourteenth Amendment". British Journal of American Legal Studies 6, nr 2 (29.12.2017): 241–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bjals-2017-0012.

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Abstract The legitimacy of recent judgments in the Supreme Court, lower federal courts and State courts which have extended the scope of the Due Process and/or Equal Protection clauses of the Fourteenth Amendment has been a fiercely contested controversy in legal and political circles in the USA. The controversy has been especially sharp in relation to the question of same sex marriage, and specifically whether it is within State competence to refuse to allow same sex couples to marry under State law. This paper explores that legitimation controversy through a multi-contextual analysis of the Supreme Court’s starkly divided judgment in Obergefell v Hodges (2015), in which a bare majority of the Court concluded that a State ban on same sex marriage was incompatible with the Due Process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. This paper critiques both the majority and dissenting opinions, and suggests that while one might applaud the substantive conclusion the Court has reached, the reasoning offered by the majority suffers from several obvious weaknesses both in narrow doctrinal terms and from the broader perspective of safeguarding the Court from well-founded criticism that it is overstepping the bounds of its legitimate constitutional role.

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Fatima, Shaheed. "Courts, Legitimacy and the Rule of Law". Israel Law Review 50, nr 3 (16.10.2017): 389–445. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021223717000127.

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The role of courts as lawmakers has been scrutinised, partly because of the questions it raises regarding legitimacy. This scrutiny has sometimes assumed that courts are safe from legitimacy-based criticism in their role as appliers of law. However, recent events in the United Kingdom show that, regrettably, this is not so: the media reaction to the judgments in the Brexit case of Miller went far beyond criticism of the courts’ reasoning or conclusions. It was an attack on legitimacy. Insofar as such attacks arise out of misunderstandings about the nature of adjudication (including, for example, the existence and scope of judicial discretion), one way of countering them is for the legal community (scholars, judges, practitioners) to continue to increase public awareness about these issues. However, it is incumbent upon other parts of the state – the executive and the legislature – to respond promptly to such attacks in order to uphold the independence of the judiciary and the rule of law.

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Cestino, Joaquin, Joseph Macey i Brian McCauley. "Legitimizing the game: how gamers' personal experiences shape the emergence of grassroots collective action in esports". Internet Research 33, nr 7 (19.05.2023): 111–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/intr-05-2022-0347.

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PurposeThis paper studies early stages of actor mobilization for institutional change within Swedish esports.Design/methodology/approachThe authors employ interpretative phenomenological analysis.FindingsThe authors’ findings explain how actors become motivated to act in critical reflections linked to conflicting legitimacy judgments and emotionally charged personal struggles. Moreover, the findings show how, as actors get activated in collective action, they identify efficacy lines around valid domains and experience emotionally charged collective endeavors. Furthermore, the findings explain how particularities in early experiences project legitimacy aspirations that orient collective action toward validity ends and particular values and ideals shaping actors' grassroots movements.Originality/valueThis study adds to legitimacy and institutional change theory through individual actors' perspectives, providing key insights into how they are motivated, activated, and oriented. This study is the first to investigate grassroots activists' personal stories in esports.

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Shlomo-Agon, Sivan. "Clearing the Smoke: The Legitimation of Judicial Power at the WTO". Journal of World Trade 49, Issue 4 (1.08.2015): 539–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/trad2015022.

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What role, if any, does the search for judicial legitimacy play in judgments rendered by the World Trade Organization (WTO) Dispute Settlement System (DSS)? And with which audiences, and through which judicial means does the WTO DSS try to communicate in order to sustain its legitimacy? Empirical evidence generated through semi-structured interviews with WTO practitioners demonstrate that since its inception, the interstate WTO DSS has been engaged in a continuing quest for legitimacy amidst multiple audiences, well beyond WTO Member States. This quest – prominent in the dispute-category known as ‘trade-and’ disputes – has manifested itself in both the rhetorical, procedural, and substantive judicial choices taken by WTO adjudicators. Also, this quest has not been static, but rather dynamic in nature, whereas in response to some audiences’ demands, jurisprudential, procedural and rhetorical readjustments have been made along the way. The article demonstrates these assertions through discursive analysis of the recent US-Clove Cigarettes dispute, while revisiting several earlier jurisprudential milestones on the DSS’ road to legitimacy. Coupling this analysis with insiders’ views, the article sheds a novel empirical light on how the DSS’ legitimacy challenges in ‘trade-and’ disputes are experienced ‘from within’, and the manner in which they are subsequently weaved into the choices taken by WTO adjudicators in their strategic judicial space. [M]ost adjudicators have a sense at an intuitive level as to what the main elements of ‘legitimacy’ are. One would be transparency, due process… consistency with existing case law, like arguments being treated the same way….And one of those things… would be understanding the audience… knowing who the audience is for a particular type of decision and drafting the decision, at least stylistically in some respects, in a way that the audience will perceive it as being legitimate, and the audience for a dumping case will be different from the audience for US-Clove Cigarettes. Interview with WTO official, 13 March 2012, Geneva

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Qu, Yuan. "The Application of Law to New Acts of Unfair Competition on the Internet". Frontiers in Business, Economics and Management 6, nr 1 (7.11.2022): 221–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/fbem.v6i1.2426.

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Affected by the epidemic in recent years, the Internet economy continues to flourish, showing a vibrant phenomenon. The continuous emergence of many new industries, new models and new technologies of the Internet economy, such as live streaming and online takeout, have brought great changes to the market economy. On the one hand, the new competitive behavior in the Internet field has brought huge benefits to the economy and ensured people's lives, but on the other hand, it is accompanied by risks, how to maintain the market economic order, how to protect the legitimate rights and interests of operators, and how to protect the rights and interests of consumers. Due to the limitations of Internet articles, it often occurs to escape to the "general terms" in practice; the lack of a clear standard of legitimacy of behavior leads to the problem of different judgments in the same case. On the basis of fully respecting the technical law and market law, defining the applicable conditions of the Internet special clause and determining the behavior legitimacy by the method of measuring interests is conducive to the protection of competition.

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Palmer, Donald A., Aharon Yehuda Cohen Mohliver, Timothy R. Hannigan, Jacob Model, Celia Moore, Ivana Naumovska, Joseph Porac, James B. Wade i Georg Wernicke. ""Stigma and Legitimacy Loss: Professions, Social Judgments, and Symbols in Crime and Punishment"". Academy of Management Proceedings 2016, nr 1 (styczeń 2016): 14994. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2016.14994symposium.

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SADURSKI, WOJCIECH. "Quasi-constitutional court of human rights for Europe? Comments on Geir Ulfstein". Global Constitutionalism 10, nr 1 (marzec 2021): 175–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2045381719000157.

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AbstractThis short comment offers two additional arguments, missing from Geir Ulfstein’s account, which may bolster the case for constitutionalisation of the ECtHR. The first is about the ‘pilot judgments’ through which the Court addresses systemic deficits in national legal systems and thus ensures a minimal synchronisation of human rights protection throughout the CoE system. The second manifestation of constitutionalisation of the ECHR system is the increasing role of the ECtHR in the implementation of its own judgments. Ultimately, the legitimacy for the constitutional ambitions of Strasbourg Court should be located primarily in the argumentative resources of the court and in its pursuit of ‘public reason’.

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Khan, Shamila Nabi, i Ahmed Kamal. "Investigating corporate social irresponsibility (CSIR) and its impact on social judgments in the weak institution: moderating the role of corporate ability". Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing 36, nr 5 (4.02.2021): 749–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbim-08-2019-0371.

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Purpose In weaker institutions, lack of corporate social responsibility (CSR) constituencies causes organizations to naturally incline toward corporate socially irresponsible actions. Grounded in the institutional theory, this paper aims to explore the nature of corporate social irresponsibility (CSIR) in the weaker institution and its effect on legitimacy and reputation. The presence of corporate ability moderates the impact of CSIR on legitimacy and reputation. Design/methodology/approach A list of manager’s contact information was generated from an online database. In total, 1,500 employees in 560 Pakistani organizations received the self-reported survey. In total, 203 managers working in 110 Pakistani organizations responded with the completed questionnaire that provided empirical support to the hypotheses. Findings Institutional drivers were positively significant to CSIR and negatively associated with the manager’s CSR attitudes. CSIR was negatively significant to legitimacy and reputation. Group differences between high and low corporate ability indicated that corporate ability played a vital role between CSIR and reputation. Practical implications These results have important implications for leaders, business-to-business and human resource (HR) managers in weaker institutions highlighting that organization’s supply chain partners consider adopting CSR practices. This can help the organization avoid undesirable and detrimental impact on its legitimacy and reputation, which are linked to irresponsible behaviors. HR managers should build CSR cognition in employees to bring effective change in the organization. Originality/value Lack of investigation into corporate ability and CSIR has raised questions about the organization’s efforts in the weaker institution that are sensitive to institutionalized corruption. This research adds to the literature by exploring how the organizations develop legitimacy and reputation while still acting irresponsibly in a weaker institution, presenting a paradox.

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