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Jennings, Anthony. "Economic problems of least developed countries". Thesis, University of Leicester, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/35499.
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The United Nations Conference on Least Developed Countries (UNCLDC) held in Paris in 1981, consolidated the category of least developed countries as a major issue at the international level. The creation of the category, and the theory and practice of least development are examined, and the results of the UNCLDC are assessed. Malawi is taken as a case study, to examine its response to the Substantial New Programme of Action, agreed to at the UNCLDC, and to analyse the extent to which the international community has fulfilled its commitment to substantially improve the volume and quality of assistance. The effects and causes of the recurrent cost problem in least developed countries arc analysed, at the micro and macro levels, and proposals made to ease this constraint. Attention is given to the scope of food aid to support recurrent costs, and a set of guidelines are proposed. At the UNCLDC it was suggested that very large projects (transformational investments) should be undertaken in least developed countries. The methodology for estimating the benefits of such projects is discussed, and a case study presented of the use of project appraisal and the multiplier in Malawi. A significant increase in aid was agreed as a key international support measure at the UNCLDC. As yet there is no systematic aid evaluation process. The results of an experiment arc presented, using a qualitatively based system of evaluation, which is then assessed across sets of data with quantitative summations, to measure aid effectiveness.
2
Barfield, Roosevelt. "Investing in Least Developed Countries: The Aynak Copper Mine Project". ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2436.
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The rise of market globalization creates challenges for business executives seeking to pursue foreign direct investment (FDI) in least developed countries (LDC), such as Afghanistan. Multinational corporate (MNC) executives need strategies that will improve the timely delivery of minerals for mining projects in LDCs. Guided by the force field analysis theory, the purpose of this holistic, single-case study was to explore the strategies that 5 MNC executives in Beijing, China, used to improve the timely delivery of minerals associated with the Aynak copper mine project in Afghanistan. Semistructured interviews were used to elicit detailed narratives from MNC executives about their experiences to develop strategies for mining projects in LDCs. A review of company documents, as well as member-checking of initial interview transcripts, helped to bolster the trustworthiness of final interpretations. Study results included 2 themes. Theme 1 was determinants of mine investment strategies in LDCs that included an exploration of driving forces, restraining forces, neutral forces, and the effect of those forces. Theme 2 was FDI strategies for copper mine projects in LDCs that included the comparison of cost leadership strategy, differentiation strategy, and combination of cost leadership and differentiation strategies. By implementing a cost leadership strategy and best practices, MNC executives were able to achieve greater success to improve timely delivery of minerals associated with FDI copper mine projects in LDCs. Social implications include ongoing efforts of Afghan government leaders to implement effective economic policies that decrease unemployment while reducing poverty.
3
Regmi, Kapil Dev. "Lifelong learning in least developed countries : the case of Nepal". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/61542.
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The seventieth session of the General Assembly of the UN declared that the promotion of ‘lifelong learning opportunities for all’ as one of the Sustainable Development Goals. The idea of lifelong learning was first proposed by United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization during the 1970s to mitigate the global educational crisis observed during the 1960s. However, until 2015 it was never taken as an educational policy strategy for the economically poor countries of the global South, known as Least Developed Countries (LDCs). Major supranational organisations such as the World Bank have encouraged LDCs to reorient their national educational policies and practices towards the framework of lifelong learning. This is an important breakthrough; however, almost no attention has been paid to what understandings of lifelong learning are being promoted by the supranational organisations that are increasingly involved in educational policy making and governance of LDCs.
Drawing on major theoretical constructs informed by Habermas (lifeworld and communicative rationality) and using critical policy sociology as a methodological tool, this study analysed educational policy documents and interviews undertaken with key educational policy makers of Nepal. This study found that the World Bank has promoted a neoliberal understanding of lifelong learning that takes investment in learning as the responsibility of individuals, promotes privatisation in education and advocates for the decentralisation of educational management to promote global governance in education. This limited notion of lifelong learning is partially adopted in LDCs like Nepal. The study concluded that the neoliberal understanding of lifelong learning has almost no potential in addressing the multifarious problems faced by LDCs such as poverty, illiteracy, and inequality.
This study recommended that the international organisations should not limit lifelong learning to an economic strategy aimed at increasing competitiveness and the production of flexible labour force; rather lifelong learning should be taken as the principal means for an inclusive and harmonious form of human development led by community-based initiatives. Providing lifelong learning opportunity for adults, especially those living in rural communities, should be the responsibility of the governments of LDCs for which international organisations may play a complementary role, when needed.Education, Faculty of
Educational Studies (EDST), Department of
Graduate
4
Woolgar, Chris. "European Union Dairy Policy and the Least Developed Countries : Case Study - Africa". Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för planering och mediedesign, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-1113.
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Agricultural policy within the European Union (EU) is but one of the founding pillars upon which unification was developed. Negotiated out of a post-war Europe, the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) emphasized the protection of the domestic market, through government subsidies and payment programmes, artificially raising the price of domestic products while restricting access for the foreign agricultural producers. The objective of this paper is to explore the link between the agricultural decisions made by the EU and the effects on citizens in the Least Developed Countries (LDC). To develop a comprehensive understanding of the issue at hand a review of the existing literature will be necessary, as well as an analysis of the available quantitative data. The findings revealed that the CAP is but one factor that impacts development of agriculture in LDC’s, many other factors, such as international and bi-lateral trade agreements, government institutions, and political lobbying also influence the outcome.
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Spetetchi, Stefania. "Aid - Trade Linkages : Analysis of the Trading Costs in the Least Developed Countries". Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Economics, Finance and Statistics, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-18049.
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Foreign aid is the subject in development economics that created controversies about its influences on the economy of the recipient countries. This study is an attempt to explain the effects that aid may have on trade, with a focus on the trade costs associated with the creation of business ties. Tied aid creates incentives for the developing countries to keep positive trading relationships with their donors, mainly because of the diminishing trad-ing costs associated with long term contacts. Subsequently, programs related to infra-structure and trade enforcement have been launched, that work towards the integration of the Least Developing Countries into the world economy.This study includes the analysis of the trade flows and foreign aid disbursement be-tween the “Group of Seven” countries (G7) and the Least Developing Countries, for a time span of 22 years (1988-2009). The results show that aid does have a significant ef-fect on the trade flows between the developed and developing countries. The explana-tion to this is related to the trading costs and the infrastructure development that tends to diminish the costs linked to distance- and border-related issues, and the sunk costs of market research and entry. In accordance, the distance coefficient is smaller after 1997, as result of decreased trade costs and increased export flows from recipients to donors.
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Soysouvanh, Daosadeth. "Freight transport in least developed landlocked countries : a case study of Laos PDR". Thesis, University of Leeds, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/22209/.
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Least developed landlocked countries' freight transport has been a step slower than other countries in the world trading market. While many research studies and international organisations report on landlocked countries' situation and issues but few explain the causes of the problem and the relationships between the factors. Moreover, there have been few comprehensive studies in which several solutions and policy implementations have been investigated to determine the best result. This research was aimed at identifying general problems by structuring a traditional causal loop diagram to present the key problems and relationships based on the previous studies' resources. The research used qualitative data collection to increase understanding of stakeholders' experiences and transport policy solutions. Thus, Laos was chosen as a typical case study, where its trade was obstructed by it being landlocked. The primary factors found through qualitative data collection were represented on a model that identifies the key dynamic factors within specific groups. The most concerning policy was chosen to formalise a dynamic hypothesis and set up a new hypothesis for an alternative solution. The research's results show the causal loop diagram has presented a better view of the structure and overall connection among themes. The fieldwork information represents complex real-world factors and causes that have effectively suggested small details that might be more important than seeing factors. Where the stock and flow model gave a better understanding of how dynamic freight transport system behaviours changed through the policy, it confirmed that cooperation among internal sectors and cooperation between landlocked countries and their transit neighbours is a primary approach to developing least developed landlocked countries' freight operations.
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Ussi, Miraji Ukuti. "The viability of community tourism in least developed countries : the case of Zanzibar". Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2012. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/6781/.
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Tourism is perceived as one of the world’s fastest growing service sectors and a major source of economic development and environmental and cultural conservation for many, if not all, developing countries. Within the context of sustainable development, community tourism is increasingly seen as an effective tool for engaging destination communities in the tourism development in the advanced countries, but it has failed to deliver in many Least Developed Countries (LDCs), such as Zanzibar. The concept has been developed and refined in the search for sustainable approaches to tourism development. However, its applicability to Zanzibar in particular seems not to have been considered in detail; the issue of whether community tourism can be effectively applied in Zanzibar remains uncertain. Consequently, there is a call for more research to determine the capitals that destination communities should acquire to implement community tourism. Hence, the objectives of this thesis are: (1) to conceptualize the theory of capitals as related to community tourism; (ii) to develop a conceptual capital assets model for community tourism; and (iii) to examine the general views of local communities toward the [proposed] capital asset model and to found out the appropriateness of the model for actualizing community tourism in Zanzibar. Methods used for data collection of this research were document study, focus groups, interviews, participant observation and household survey (triangulation approach). While the first three methods (qualitative methods) were used for construction of the model, the household survey technique (quantitative method) was used to explore the appropriateness of a model in the context of Zanzibar. The research population includes government officials, private tourism organisations and local people who were involved in the research in different settings. The critical destination capitals according to the findings are informal social networks (informal social capital), political capital and human capital; the three destination capitals lead to the generation of innovation capital which serves as the lifeblood for sustainable community tourism development. Moreover, limited access to physical, financial, and human capital are key concerns that need to be addressed, especially in rural areas of Zanzibar, as this was found to be a significant constraint to the implementation of community tourism. The research findings directly contest the extant body of literature reviewed in this thesis and have major implications for tourism development policies, signalling the need for adjustments at social, political and institutional levels. Following the household survey analysis, the central conclusion is that the developed conceptual model is a useful blueprint for sustainable community tourism development in Zanzibar; though further research opportunities are identified, especially is relation to the generalization of the conceptual model. The contribution of this research is to knowledge about the crucial destination community’s capital assets and their significance to community tourism development in Zanzibar. This understanding may bridge the gap between theories of community tourism and practice and may be adapted and applied in many developing countries, including broader perspectives of encouraging destination communities to take an active role in the tourism industry as developers rather than as wage earners.
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Gheasi, Masood <1980>. "Transport infrastructure and economic development in least developed countries: the case of Afghanistan". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2009. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/2068/.
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This PhD thesis tries to show the impact of transport infrastructure in economic development in least developed countries and in particular in the case of Afghanistan. Some least developed countries during 1990 to 1999 experienced lack of investment in transportation. Lack of
investment further increased the economic development gap between developed and least developed countries. Moreover, lack of literature and research in poor countries such as
Afghanistan encouraged me to do my research in this country in order to unveil the problems, facing poor people who are living in inaccessible places and suffer from lack of economic opportunities and long term unemployment. This thesis shows the effect of inaccessibility and immobility in economic opportunities and basic social services in Afghanistan. This thesis is important because it covers the role of transport infrastructures at the moment that international community promised to rebuild the infrastructures of post conflict Afghanistan.
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Ray, Elizabeth Thompson. "The Effects of Trade Liberalization Policies on Human Development in Selected Least Developed Countries". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2006. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5440/.
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This dissertation examines the effects of trade liberalization policies (represented by membership in the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade/World Trade Organization on selected Least Developed Countries' (LDCs) human development (represented by the Human Development Index). In this dissertation, General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and World Trade Organization (WTO) policies are theorized to have two distinct types of effects: their direct effect and their indirect effect. Two questions are focused on: first, what is the effect (total, direct and indirect) of WTO policies on human development for selected LDCs? Second, what is the effect (total, direct and indirect) of WTO policies on human development for selected developing/developed countries (i.e. non-LDCs) holding economic development constant? Using the dependency theory of development as a theoretical basis, this dissertation examines the assumptions of modernization-theory-based policies as expressed in trade liberalization policies (i.e. the implementation of comparative advantage and now market fundamentalism) with world-system analysis techniques. To examine these questions, four panel regression models are constructed to measure the total, direct and indirect effects of WTO policies during the near-term (1998-2003) and during a longer historical term (1975-2000). The data for the analyses are taken from seven different sources of international data. The analyses seemingly demonstrate that there are quantifiable negative effects of GATT/WTO membership (trade liberalization policies) on human development in selected LDCs. The current implementation of trade liberalization policies does not benefit the well-being of all concerned as promoted by the WTO.
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Matsinhe, Fernanda Ernestina. "Institutionalization of E-commerce in Women-led SMEs - A Least-developed Country Context". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29824.
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This dissertation reported an investigation of e-commerce institutionalization process in women-led SMEs in Mozambique. The goal was to understand how e-commerce is conceptualized by these SMEs while exploring the contextual factors that contribute or inhibit the process of institutionalization from the unique perspective of a least developed country (LDC) such as Mozambique. The study combined the perspectives offered by the contextualist theory (Pettigrew, 1985) and the Perceived E-readiness Model (PERM) (Molla & Licker, 2005a) to employ an integrated framework for investigating the process of e-commerce institutionalization. An interpretative and qualitative multiple case study approach was employed as a methodological basis, using six SMEs which have been able to institutionalize e-commerce. The data collection was conducted through multiple data sources including semi-structured interviews, analysis of company website, and social media platforms. Data were analysed using a thematic analysis approach across the cases. The findings indicate that there are different patterns of e-commerce institutionalization. SMEs do not always follow the traditional steady stages of e-commerce growth described in the literature. Furthermore, the results showed a socially constructed feature of e-commerce characterized by the extensive use of social media networks. A great levels of institutionalization and satisfaction was attained when enabling factors within and outside the organization interacted positively. Within the internal context of the organizations, the SMEs manager’s capability to use social media networks, e-mail and mobile phones to build innovative business models, create direct relationships with customers, and marketing direct to their niche markets. Factors from the external context emerged as the main challengers to the process of institutionalization, specifically the challenges faced by the government, market forces, supporting industries, and those of sociocultural nature. A number of important recommendations were made, for example, the government should not only provide the regulatory framework but also work actively in its promotion and implementation. This should encompass the establishment of networks and training opportunities to improve SMEs knowledge regarding e-commerce, and continuous partnership between the various stakeholders involved in the e-commerce ecosystem in addressing the various environmental challenges. By conducting an investigation on the selected women-led SMEs in Mozambique, this study has extended knowledge of e-commerce research in the country. Additionally, it is an important contribution for the debate about e-commerce in developing countries, specifically a better understanding of SMEs that go beyond the initial adoption phase.
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Buskard, John. "The potential for development of information and communication technologies within the least developed countries". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0020/MQ47739.pdf.
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Hawthorne, Helen. "The least developed countries, the World Trade Organisation and the norm of special treatment". Thesis, City University London, 2011. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/1120/.
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This thesis examines the special treatment of the Least Developed Countries (LDCs) in the World Trade Organisation (WTO). The categorisation of the LDCs by the United Nations in 1971 not only created a new classification of counties, but also created an international norm of special treatment for these countries. The norm of special treatment for LDCs has, since then, slowly spread throughout the international system and has been institutionalised in many international organisations, including the WTO. Evidence of the institutionalisation of the norm within the WTO can be found in its founding documents and agreements, as well as in the Doha Development Agenda. This institutionalisation of the norm has meant that LDCs have been provided with special treatment in the trade regime, which is not provided to other categories of member. This thesis will trace the development and institutionalisation of the international norm of special treatment for LDCs and will focus specifically on its institutionalisation within the GATT/WTO. The thesis uses the concept of the norm lifecycle to demonstrate how the norm of special treatment for LDCs has grown in strength over time and become institutionalised, but has yet to be fully internalised. Through the use of case studies looking at accession, market access and cotton, it argues that the recent agency of the LDCs means that they can be seen as norm entrepreneurs helping to further the norm of special treatment by their appeals to it.
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Oliver, Bakadi Sannah. "Accession of least developed countries into the world trade organisation: the perspective of south Sudan". University of Western Cape, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/3908.
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Salah, Kabanda. "E-commerce and small and medium enterprises (SME) in least developed countries : the case of Tanzania". Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5646.
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Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references.
The purpose of the study was to investigate the E-Commerce phenomena in Tanzania with the goal of understanding how E-Commerce is typically made sense of by Tanzanian SMEs and how the sense making is produced, sustained and affected by environmental and organisational conditions. Structuration theory was used as a theoretical lens from which the social construction of the E-Commerce phenomena could be understood. The study primarily adopted a subjective interpretive stance. A preliminary quantitative study using questionnaires and interviews was done to gain an initial understanding of the E-Commerce status quo in Tanzania. The main study was qualitative in nature and used interviews with 33 Tanzanian SMEs as the data collection method.
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Kisuule, Yvonne Alexandra. "Least developed countries and geographical indications: how can Uganda position itself to benefit from geographical indications?" Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15214.
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The primary objective of this thesis is to determine how Uganda can optimally benefit from geographical indications. This objective is achieved by focusing on the current negotiations at the World Trade Organization concerning geographical indications. The main issues in contention are the extension of a higher level of protection to other products, besides wines and spirits, and the establishment of a multilateral register for wines and spirits. In the discussion of these issues, each proposal is examined in light of Uganda's interests. The thesis also focuses on how geographical indications can be turned into development tools at the national level. It considers Uganda's legislation, the Geographical Indications Act 8 of 2013, and highlights the provisions that might deter the establishment of a successful geographical indications system in the country. The thesis then identifies other factors that Uganda must address in order for geographical indications to become development tools. It is concluded that in order to establish a successful geographical indications system, Uganda needs to continue its support for the Modalities Proposal in the international negotiations. Furthermore, at the national level, there are various factors that must be addressed, beyond the law, before geographical indications can become development tools, and these include the formation of producer organisations, marketing strategies and the sensitisation of stakeholders.
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Oliveira-Ramos, Djalita N. Fialho de. "Status upgrade: the case of Cape Verde's graduation from the least developed country (LDC) category". Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/1101.
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Mestrado em Desenvolvimento e Cooperação internacionalThis dissertation presents the main characteristics and development drawbacks of two groups of countries in special situations, specifically LDCs and SIDS. In this context, issues related to international support measures aimed at easing the development process of LDCs are addressed, as well as the (sometimes controversial) question of graduation from LDC status. Against this background, the case of Cape Verde — the first SIDS to ever graduate from the LDC list — is examined, anticipating the consideration of crucial development financing issues, of particular importance to the country's ability to ensure continued development once its graduation from LDC status takes effect, in January 2008.
Esta dissertação analisa as principais características e as dificuldades que se levantam ao desenvolvimento de dois grupos de países em situações especiais, especificamente os PM A e os SIDS. Neste contexto, são abordadas questões relacionadas com medidas de apoio por parte da comunidade internacional, visando facilitar o processo de desenvolvimento dos PMA, e analisada a questão (por vezes controversa) da transição da lista de PMA. Neste quadro, é analisado o caso de Cabo Verde - o primeiro SIDS a transitar da lista de PMA -, com a consideração prévia de importantes questões de financiamento do desenvolvimento, de suma importância para a capacidade do país suster o seu desenvolvimento, a partir da entrada em vigor da sua graduação da lista dos PMA, em Janeiro de 2008.
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Rash, Stephanie A. "A Study of the Relationship Between Trade Liberalization and Human Development in Sub-Saharan Africa's Least Developed Countries". Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5449.
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The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between trade liberalization, measured using the Heritage Foundation's Trade Freedom indicator, and human development, measured using the United Nations Development Program's Human Development Index, in sub-Saharan Africa's Least Developed Countries between 1990 and 2011 as data allows. In addition to exploring the relationship between these two variables, alternative factors that influence human development are examined in bivariate correlations with human development as well as used as control variables in a multiple regression analysis. Namely, this study includes government effectiveness, the percentage of the labor force employed in the agricultural sector, the percent of Gross Domestic Product made up of the sale of agricultural products, geography, and armed conflict as control variables. By conducting a cross-national bivariate correlation analysis as well as a cross-national multiple regression analysis for the years between 1990 and 2011, this study highlights how, when included in a model with control variables, trade liberalization goes from being a statistically significant predictor of human development index scores to losing its significance altogether. The results from this study indicate that trade liberalization, government effectiveness, and geography, more specifically being landlocked or not, do not have statistically significant effects on human development for LDCs in the region. However, this study finds that for every unit increase in the percentage of the labor force working in agriculture as well as the percentage of GDP made up by agricultural products, a lower human development score can be expected. Armed conflict also has a statistically significant, negative effect on human development.ID: 031001422; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Adviser: Houman Sadri.; Title from PDF title page (viewed June 18, 2013).; Thesis (M.A.)--University of Central Florida, 2012.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 47-57).
M.A.
Masters
Political Science
Sciences
Political Science; International Studies
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Adhikari, Ratnakar. "Political economy of aid for trade : an inquiry into supply-side constraints facing South Asian least developed countries". Thesis, University of Warwick, 2011. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/43395/.
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Manchisi, Roy. "Sustainability in supply chain management practices in least developed countries: A case of SMEs in Zambian mining sector". Thesis, University of Bradford, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/17363.
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The focus of this study is to explore the sustainability practices of SME suppliers as influenced by the stakeholders in the mining SC in Zambia. The study aims to provide the policymakers and senior managers of focal firms by developing a detailed framework that helps in examining the SME environment with regard to sustainability practices and formulate measures to increase their sustainability performance to decision making.
This qualitative research used 50 semi-structured interviews in addressing the research objective. Interviews undertaking with cross section of stakeholders and using content analysis, the findings revealed that SMEs engage in sustainable practices when working with mining firms but disengage when working with non-mining firms. The findings further revealed the mechanisms employed by SC members in extending sustainability practices to direct and indirect suppliers (mainly informal SMEs) from focal firms. In so doing, the findings highlighted the role of first-tier suppliers as a bridge between the focal firms and sub-suppliers in disseminating sustainability practices. Besides revealing the drivers and barriers to sustainability, the research revealed the mechanisms for mitigating the barriers in order to increase the volume of SME suppliers adopting sustainable practices.
This research has several contributions to both academia and practice. The main contribution to academia is a stakeholder framework, which provides a systematic mechanism of examining the sustainability phenomenon. Thus, presenting a theoretical approach for analysing and understanding sustainability practices of SMEs in a developing country context. The main contribution to practice is the production of tools that support practitioners to analyse and better comprehend the relationships in the SMEs sector and by identifying the key stakeholders that support the SMEs.Copperbelt University
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Haque, Anika Nasra. "Adaptation to flooding in low-income urban settlements of the least developed countries : a case of Dhaka East, Bangladesh". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/273378.
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Low-income urban settlements in the Least Developed Countries (LDCs) present an extreme case where catastrophic hazards (natural events) and chronic hazards (developed through lack of basic services) overlap. These low-income urban populations often occupy informal settlements that are particularly exposed to natural hazards such as flooding, and their vulnerability also reflects multiple deficiencies arising from their lack of basic services; they accordingly face the greatest challenges to adapt. The research reported in this thesis aims (i) to understand the adaptation processes of the urban poor to flooding; (ii) to develop new knowledge about bottom-up ways in which adaptation to flooding emerges and can be enhanced within households and communities in low-income urban settlements; and (iii) to identify how relevant organizations can contribute effectively to the adaptation process, from a more top-down perspective. The particular case study for the research is located in Dhaka East, where there is both high vulnerability to flooding, and also a significant proportion of the low-income population. The research has adopted a mixed methods approach involving different data collection methods primarily governed by the different scales and actors being investigated, i.e. households, communities and organizations (including government and NGOs). Hence, a questionnaire survey, focus group discussions, semi-structured interviews and transect walks have all been undertaken. The diverse forms of data deriving from these methods have been integrated using a qualitative form of systems analysis, to understand the relationships amongst the key variables in the vulnerability and adaptation system under investigation. The research has also developed a form of grounded theory on the processes whereby adaptive behaviour is learned and diffused in amongst the population at risk, and how more organizational-level procedures can positively influence these processes, and be improved where necessary. The research contributes to the advancement of knowledge about (a) the vulnerability of urban poor to flooding; (b) the adaptation process of the urban poor to flooding; (c) the role of organizations in affecting both vulnerability and adaptation amongst the urban poor; (d) a research methodology appropriate for exploring such inter-sectoral and interdisciplinary research issues. The study further provides relevant recommendations, based on conclusions from the systems analyses, which are potentially applicable in similar contexts in the LDCs in helping low-income urban populations to adapt more successfully to flooding. Notably, although the research focuses on adaptation of the urban poor to flooding in Dhaka, its conceptual, methodological and research findings are likely to be applicable in other LDCs where the urban poor are subjected to environmental risks.
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Mubiru, Edna Katushabe. "Liberalisation of trade in services :enhancing the temporary movement of natural persons (mode 4), a least developed countries' perspective". Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2009. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_6826_1297424432.
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The purpose of this research is to examine the impact of liberalisation of trade in services on African LDCs by highlighting the importance of services trade through Mode 4 (temporary movement of natural persons).37 The paper will examine the nature of liberalisation to this Mode under the existing GATS framework, critically analyse the constraints on engaging in negotiations, specifically the national barriers that are hindering this movement, and make suggestions on ways of improving the nature of commitments on movement of natural persons in terms of Mode 4 to favour LDCs as laid down in Article VI of the GATS.
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Brebeck, Stephan [Verfasser], Stefan [Akademischer Betreuer] Felder i Erwin [Akademischer Betreuer] Amann. "The failure of compulsory licensing of pharmaceuticals in least developed countries / Stephan Brebeck. Gutachter: Erwin Amann. Betreuer: Stefan Felder". Duisburg, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1048539407/34.
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Ottosson, Hans. "Innovate On A Shoestring : Product development for the Least Developed Countries and what we can re-use in the Established Markets". Thesis, Högskolan i Jönköping, Tekniska Högskolan, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-27742.
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By understanding current approaches and methods of product development (PD) combined with knowledge of the needs and know-how of customers in the least developed countries (LDCs) associated risks and excessive costs can be avoided. The main purpose of this thesis is to highlight the important need of developing products and services for the LDCs and to look at current practices for PD and to distill these into one method for developing products pertinent to LDC needs and markets. Conversely, the second purpose for this thesis is to examine possible LDC based development tools that can be applicable when designing for the more established markets. There are also crucial social, cultural, economic and political reasons for addressing LDC related issues. The goal is to show companies of all sizes that it can be profitable to expand to new markets in the LDCs and also that the steps used there can help generate new revenue when implemented in their current markets, as well as to provide them a model for it. This thesis includes and clearly demonstrates the importance of development involvement on the local level and the benefit of using complementors. The thesis data and conclusions are based on literature studies and an extended stay in the Dominican Republic. It is here observed that by getting closer to the end customer, a company will get an increased understanding and knowledge that provides an advantage over the competition. And for companies to succeed in the LDCs, the three most significant things to consider are: 1) to find the specific needs of the customer, 2) design for affordability, and 3) to source and manufacture locally. It will be seen that the benefits to such an approach extend outward in essentially all directions.
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Ngoga, Eustache. "The current trends towards trade related aspects of intellectual property tights (TRIPS) compliance by the least developed countries: a Rwandian persepctive". Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2007. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_6431_1242717375.
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Many critics have questioned whether the protection of the IPRs would benefit developing countries. It was argued in this paper that developing countires have the interest in protecting IPRs as well. However, it was showed that the benefit of this protection can be realized only if there is a fair rule of the game to all players in the multilateral trading system. The general objective of this research was to examine the current status of IPRs protection and the levels of TRIPS compliance by Rwanda in the area of copyright.
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Bende-Nabende, Anthony. "The role of FDI in the economic growth of the asean-5 economies, with policy implications for the least developed countries". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.668321.
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Bergman, Johan. "Health in the Developing World : A panel data study on the determinants of health expenditures in the world’s least developed countries". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-415552.
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The determinants of health expenditures have been studied extensively for the past 50 years and income has been seen as the major driver. The focus has rarely left developed countries which raises the question as to whether the same positive relationship exists in developing countries as well. The purpose of this thesis is to answer this question by conducting a fixed effect regression on a sample of 38 countries labelled as the least developed in the world by the United Nations with data stretching between 2000 to 2017. The results indicate a weaker relationship in the sample compared to estimates on developed countries. However, due to a lack of theoretical guidance on how health expenditures are determined and indications that omitted variable bias is present, the results do not provide definitive conclusions.
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Mgidi, Siphelele. "Relevance of the family assessment for least developed countries (FALDC) assessment tool rendering child protection services in the Eastern Cape, South Africa". Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/6335.
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Assessment tools have been used for various purposes, including for protecting children from maltreatment. The main aim of this study was to to evaluate and determine the relevance of the Family Assessment for Leased Developed Countries (FALDC) assessment tool for child protection services in the Eastern Cape Province. The research was conducted using the social developmental welfare approach (Patel, 2005) and ecological systems theory (Healy, 2005). The study made use of the qualitative research method; in doing so the study made use of the case study design. In using the qualitative research method, focus group discussions were conducted with 29 social workers involved in child protection services. The findings of the study indicated that the FALDC assessment tool provides information useful for child protection services even though it contains sections that are regarded as less relevant to child protection. The study also founded that the FALDC assessment tool is relevant to child protection in the South African context, yet it needs to be aligned so that it provides much of the information desired by those involved in child protection. A conclusion drawn from this study is that the FALDC assessment tool appears to be relevant for child protection services. The FALDC assessment tool needs to be adjusted taking into consideration other aspects important to child protection in the South African child protection context.
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Djemilou, Mohamed. "The impact of the Bali agreement on the Doha round stalemate with particular reference to the interests of developing and least developed countries". Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5122.
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Magister Philosophiae - MPhilThe problem that this Research Paper is aiming to examine is whether the Bali Agreement has successfully impacted on the consensus pitfalls and the Doha Round stalemate as shown in the background to the study.
National Bursary and Grants Agency (ANBG)
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Iaeger, Paula Irene. "Establishing Junior-level Colleges in Developing Nations: a Site Selection Process Using Data From Uganda". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2012. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc115098/.
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This research synthesizes data and presents it using mapping software to help to identify potential site locations for community-centered higher education alternatives and more traditional junior-level colleges in Uganda. What factors can be used to quantify one site over another for the location of such an institution and if these factors can be isolated; why should they be used by local authorities? the variables are secured from the Southern and Eastern Africa Consortium for Monitoring Educational Quality (SACMEQ), Afrobarometer, census data, as well as technology reports and surveys. These variables are reduced, grouped and mapped to help determine the best location for a junior-level college. the use of local expert opinion on geopolitical, economic, and educational situations can be interfaced with the database data to identify potential sites for junior-level colleges with the potential to reduce the failure rate of such post-secondary school ventures. These data are analyzed in the context of reported higher education policies and outcomes from the national ministries, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), quality assurances agencies in the region, the World Bank, and national datasets. the final product is a model and tool that can be used by local experts to better select future sites to expand higher education, especially in rural areas in the least developed countries.
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Wu, Jun Ye. "A study of contemporary issues of conflict between trade liberalization and protection of the environment with a specific reference to the position of developing and least developed contries". Thesis, University of Macau, 2005. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1637068.
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Kelegai, Limbie K. "Elements influencing IS success in developing countries: a case study of organisations in Papua New Guinea". Queensland University of Technology, 2005. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16169/.
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Since the introduction of computers in to organisations in the 1950s, computer information systems have become powerful organisational instruments. The uptake of information technology including information systems (IS) and the impact of these technologies have been phenomenal, particularly in the least developed countries (LDCs). Organisations in these countries have continued to utilise IS as a development tool with the belief that it will enhance business processes, in many instances accelerated by foreign assistance. IS can have a positive effect on users, organisations and national development, measured economically or otherwise at the individual, organisational, and national levels. Yet IS implementation and the measure of its success is characterised by a high rate of failure and disagreement among scholars and practitioners. The success of organisational IS is influenced by a fabric of many variables, including contextual elements. In this regard IS can be influenced by both the organisational context in terms of strategies, structures, politics and culture, and by the wider political socio-economic, cultural, and technological climate within which organisations exist. Understanding the contributing variables and the barriers that impede IS success, would better prepare organisations to overcome the inherent difficulties. There is a large body of work documenting the usefulness and consequences of IS. However, these studies have been concentrated in the developed countries (DCs), hence, little is known about IS implementation in LDCs. DCs and LDCs differ in their contextual and social settings, and a uniform analysis may not be applicable in their disparate settings. Indeed the paucity of research and data in the IS domain indicates that the study would benefit an LDC such as Papua New Guinea (PNG) and contribute to knowledge in understanding IS implementation in an LDC environment. This thesis reports on a study that examined IS implementation success in PNG organisations in the context of an LDC. Computers were introduced to PNG in the 1960s, however, no studies have been undertaken to date in this domain that the author is aware of. Hence, the objective of this study was to provide detailed analysis of IS, the context in which it was implemented, its interaction with organisational and external settings, and elicit the underlying elements associated with its success. It also explores the emphasis placed on each of the elements and the extent to which organisations effectively addressed these elements to ensure IS success. The exploratory study employs a multi method design - beginning in Stage 1 with case studies, followed by a survey in Stage 2. Stage 1 adopted a multiple case study approach. Eight case studies were undertaken, however, results of only four case studies are reported in this thesis. Data obtained in the case studies provide a useful basis for the survey. The study in Stage 2 consolidated and expanded on the case study findings from the perspective of a wider population. All the organisations contacted but not involved in the Stage 1 study contributed by participating in the survey. The study identified more than fifty elements that contributed to the success of IS in PNG organisations. There were significant similarities to the findings of studies in other DCs and LDCs despite the disparate contextual conditions. Several elements, not identified in prior studies, were also revealed. Based on this study, a set of principles pertaining to IS implementation and management in PNG were postulated. Similarly a set of recommendations were also outlined.
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Delport, ClydeniaL Edwina. "Towards a fairer multi-lateral trade relations between the European union and African Caribbean and pacific countries?" University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7779.
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Magister Legum - LLMSugar, bananas, beef and cotton are some of the few products, which are the primary commodities in many African, Caribbean and Pacific countries (ACP).2 Many are highly vulnerable small islands, landlocked and least developed states,' thus rendering the above-mentioned sectors, of great importance to their economies." In these countries, for instance, the sugar producers often provide housing, health care, education and other benefits.i
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Rinne, Nina. "Women’s Participation in National Adaptation Programs of Action : - A Discourse Analysis". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-161226.
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This thesis analyzes the National Adaptation Programs of Action (NAPA) that aredeveloped for the least developed countries within the United Nations FrameworkConvention of Climate Change. The NAPAs are developed to help the least developedcountries to deal with the challenges that are likely to occur due to climate changeissues. Within the United Nations there is strong consensus that gender mainstreamingmust be a part of all of the strategies implemented within the UN.By analyzing the NAPAs concerning food security and energy using gender theory anddiscourse analysis it is clear that gender is often overlooked when creating solutionsfor future issues that are likely to be caused by climate change. The energy sector inparticular overlook the needs of women in rural areas and have a clear male bias. In theNAPAs concerning food security women’s participation is slightly more present, butthere is a clear lack of gender mainstreaming in the documents.
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Harmáček, Jaromír. "Teoretické přístupy a praktické formy řešení sociálně-ekonomických problémů nejméně rozvinutých zemí (LDCs)". Doctoral thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-114698.
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The thesis focuses on theoretical and empirical analysis of economic growth and its implications for economic and social development of the Least Developed Countries (LDCs). The thesis proceeds from the assumption that economic growth is the necessary (but not sufficient) condition for economic, social and human development of societies and nations. In context of the LDCs, this assumption can be modified: it is assumed that it has been the low average rate of growth in the long-run that is associated with the complex social and economic issues of LDCs. The primary objective of the thesis is to verify this association within the LDCs, then to investigate factors that have been the major determinants for economic growth in (African) LDCs. From the perspective of theory the thesis is grounded in theories and models of economic growth that are crucial for researching factors of growth and its implications for development. The thesis focuses also on in-depth analysis of the LDCs both from the classification and statistical perspectives. The latter one is based on comparisons with selected groups of states within the World economy.
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Schäfer, Dominik [Verfasser], Arnis [Gutachter] Vilks i Kathrin [Gutachter] Möslein. "Development aid - a perspective on the World Bank performance : Calculating the social return on investment for the least developed countries / Dominik Schäfer ; Gutachter: Arnis Vilks, Kathrin Möslein". Dresden : Sächsische Landesbibliothek - Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden (SLUB), 2016. http://d-nb.info/1153579812/34.
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Hrubý, Vít. "Možnosti ekonomického růstu nejchudších zemí". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-72751.
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The thesis deals with the topic of economic growth of the poor, least developed countries. For this group of countries, which includes most of sub-Saharan Africa, is characteristic that for the last half-century this group has shown no significant economic growth per capita. This fact is surprising at first glance if compared with other economic development groups of the developing world. Economic differences between the least developed countries on the one hand, and emerging and developing countries on the other hand, are increasing despite efforts by international development agencies. I intend to answer the question, what are the causes of poor economic performance of the least developed countries.
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Mulleta, Fantu Farris. "Special and differential treatment for trade in agriculture :does it answer the quest for development in African countries?" Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2009. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_2877_1297751067.
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The research paper seeks to investigate the possible ways in which African countries can maximise their benefit from the existing special and differential treatment clauses for trade in agriculture, and, then, make recommendations as to what should be the potential bargaining position of African countries with regard to future trade negotiations on agricultural trade.
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Owusu, Kwame. "A study of factors leading to growth in small firms : an examination of factors that impact on growth of small manufacturing in least developed countries : the case of Ghana". Doctoral thesis, University of Bradford, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4407.
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The focus of this study is to examine the factors that lead to growth in
small firms in a Least Developed Country (LDC). The research is
based on the manufacturing sector in Ghana. The main objectives of
the research are to identify the key variables that lead to small firms'
growth and to ascertain the critical barriers that impede growth.
A research model which is developed out of an initial exploratory
research and existing literature focuses on how the characteristics of
the owner/manager, the characteristics of the firm and the business
strategy variables interact to affect growth in employment. In addition
factors that are perceived to have constrained the growth of the small
firms during the study period are ascertained and discussed.
To properly test the hypotheses developed a face to face interview
survey involving 122 owner/managers of small manufacturing firms is
conducted. This resulted in a range of variables that allowed for the
construction of a comprehensive multivariate model of small firm
growth.
A resulting regression model provides about 68 percent of the
explanation for the growth of the small firms sampled. It also indicates
that the owner/manager characteristics variables offer the most
powerful explanation to small firm growth. We find that the
owner/manager's growth aspiration is the most influential factor in
achieving growth. The other owner/manager characteristics variables
that have positive influence on growth are level of education, prior
industry experience and entrepreneurial family background.
Owner/managers with local experience and/or with other business
interests are less likely to achieve faster growth. Foreign
owned/managed firms grow faster.
Younger and smaller firms appear to grow faster. While firms with
multiple ownerships tend to grow at a slower rate than firms owned and
managed by one person.
Business planning, marketing and export have positive and significant
impacts on growth. Other business strategies such as innovations and
staff training also have direct relationships with growth but not
significant.
Some of the main constraining factors to growth are cost of borrowing,
lack of access to credit, high cost of inputs, lack of trust within the
business community, high bureaucracy, late payments and lack of
efficient support system. While the external environment plays
important role in small firm growth and development, the behaviours,
response and strategies pursued by individual owner/manager are
significant factors that determine the rate at which a firm will grow.Ghana Leasing Company Limited
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Fortes, Adélcia Helena Fonseca. "Estudo de percepção sobre a 1ª década da graduação de Cabo Verde (2008/2018)". Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/20679.
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Mestrado em Desenvolvimento e Cooperação InternacionalO processo de desenvolvimento, que levou Cabo Verde à saída da lista dos Países Menos Avançados (PMA) foi reconhecido internacionalmente como um caso de sucesso, porém deixou muitas dúvidas e incertezas, relativamente à capacidade do país em assegurar a continuidade do desenvolvimento económico e social tendo em conta as vulnerabilidades do país. Como instrumento de análise, foi elaborado um questionário, aplicado junto do público alvo, identificados como elementos intervenientes e conhecedores do processo da graduação de Cabo Verde. Desta forma, debruçou-se sobre as perceções dos inquiridos sobre a importância e o contributo da Ajuda Pública ao Desenvolvimento (APD) para o país; analisou-se a opinião dos inquiridos sobre a metodologia, a sustentabilidade e a relevância dos critérios estabelecidos, pelo Comité das Políticas para o Desenvolvimento para graduação na lista de PMA e tentou-se compreender e descrever a apreciação dos inquiridos, sobre os limites e as conjunturas que levaram com que Cabo Verde saísse da lista dos PMA e o impacto no desenvolvimento durante os primeiros 10 anos (2008/2018).
The development process, which led Cabo Verde to leave the list of Least Developed Countries (LDC), was recognized internationally as a success story but left many doubts and uncertainties around the country's ability to ensure the continuity of economic and social development taking into account the country's vulnerabilities. As a tool for analysis, a questionnaire is developed and applied to the target audience, identified as intervening and knowledgeable elements of the Cabo Verde graduation process. Thus, it looked at the respondents' perceptions of the importance and contribution of Official Development Assistance (ODA) to the country. The opinion of respondents on the methodology, sustainability and relevance of the criteria established by the Committee for Development Policies for graduation in the list of LDCs is analyzed. An attempt is also made to understand and describe the respondents' assessment of the limits and conjunctures that led Cabo Verde to leave the list of LDCs as well as the impact on development during the first ten years (2008-2018).
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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Aina, Tosin Philip. "A critical overview of the impact of economic partnership agreement with European Union on trade and economic development in the West African Region". Thesis, UWC, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/3216.
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Islam, M. Sirajul. "Creating opportunity by connecting the unconnected : mobile phone based agriculture market information service for farmers in Bangladesh". Doctoral thesis, Örebro universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Örebro universitet, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-17216.
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This thesis is framed within the research area of Information and Communication Technologies for Development (ICT4D), which is concerned with how ICT can make a difference to the lives of the poor. This study focuses primarily on mobile phones and how they can be used as part of an Agriculture Market Information Service (AMIS) in order to provide crucial information to farmers in Bangladesh. AMIS principally collect, manage and disseminate agricultural market prices and related information through various processes and media. These services are mainly used by farmers. The research question of how mobile phone-based AMIS can be designed and deployed in order to improve opportunities for farmers in Bangladesh is investigated through a design science research approach in four steps; understanding the scope and challenges related to AMIS in least developed countries; diagnosing the situational realities of farmers of Bangladesh; understanding the process of adopting mobile phones and investigating market information practices and preferences in a rural context; and finally designing and implementing a mobile phone based AMIS and evaluating the efficiency and effectiveness of it for the farmers of Bangladesh. In this thesis, development is viewed in terms of bringing about an in-crease in farmers’ capability set directed towards the utilization of resources for the purpose of production and trade. Information and knowledge are important drivers of development and poverty reduction: ICT can create new opportunities to expand the availability, exchange, and impact of information and knowledge. This thesis contributes to ICT4D research and practice through empirical findings, the design of an AMIS, test results, and the development of analytical tools. Its major contributions include an increased understanding of farmers’ attitudes and preferences towards the use of technology in general, and mobile phones in particular, and a broader understanding of ICT for human development in the context of poor rural regions.Informatics or ICT4D
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Ljung, Mathilda, i Matilda Lund. ""Behöver befolkningen vara frisk för att landet ska få ekonomisk tillväxt?" : En tvärsnittsstudie om hälsans effekt på ekonomisk tillväxt i världens minst utvecklade länder". Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Nationalekonomi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-32742.
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Health has long been referred to as a contributing development factor for economic growth, and health investments have been implemented as a strategy for achieving economic development. However, several countries have reached economic growth before improving health status, which raises questions of the significance of public health related to economic growth. The economic inequalities between countries tend to increase along with enlarged differences in health status, is there possibly a correlation between these occurrences? The purpose of this essay is to make a theoretical contribution by examining the impact of health on economic growth based on the world’s least developed countries (LDCs). This relationship has not been studied within these countries before and the essay intends to find out if basic health is a prerequisite for economic growth. The hypothesis of the study is a positive correlation between improvement of health status in a population within a country and its economic growth. Quantitative approach through a cross-sectional study of the independent variables health investments, initial GDP per capita, life expectancy and HIV along with the dependent variable of GDP per capita growth. Data from 48 LDCs during the period 1995 – 2015 was obtained. A regression analysis of Ordinary Least Squares, VIF-test and QQ-plot was performed through the computer program Gretl 2016c. The variation in GDP per capita growth can be explained to 75 % by changes in the health-related variables. Previous theories regarding the positive effect on economic growth from increased health investments, lower initial GDP per capita and increased life expectancy were supported in this study. Health investments and initial GDP per capita showed a statistically significant correlation to economic growth. Life expectancy lacked significance, but was supported by previous research. The variable for HIV showed a positive correlation to economic growth, contrary to previous theories. The relationship can although be explained by insufficient data and low significance.Hälsa har länge benämnts som en bidragande utvecklingsfaktor för ekonomisk tillväxt och hälsoinvesteringar har använts som en strategi för att uppnå ekonomisk utveckling. Samtidigt har flera länder uppnått ekonomisk tillväxt innan förbättrad hälsostatus vilket leder till funderingar kring vilken roll befolkningens hälsa egentligen spelar för landets ekonomiska tillväxt. De ekonomiska ojämlikheterna länder emellan tenderar att öka och skillnaden i hälsostatusen likaså, finns det möjligtvis ett samband kring detta? Syfte: Uppsatsens syfte är att bringa ett teoretiskt bidrag genom att undersöka hälsans inverkan på ekonomisk tillväxt med utgångspunkt i världens minst utvecklade länder (MUL-länder). Detta samband har tidigare inte studerats inom dessa länder och uppsatsen avser att ta reda på om en grundläggande god hälsa förefaller vara en förutsättning för ekonomisk tillväxt. Hypotesen för uppsatsen är ett positivt samband mellan ett förbättrat hälsotillstånd hos ett lands befolkning och dess ekonomiska tillväxt. Frågeställning: Leder en förbättrad hälsa till ökad ekonomisk tillväxt i världens minst utvecklade länder? Metod: Kvantitativt tillvägagångssätt genom en tvärsnittsstudie av de oberoende variablerna statens hälsoinvesteringar, initial BNP per capita, förväntad livslängd och HIV samt den beroende variabeln tillväxt i BNP per capita. Data från 48 MUL-länder under perioden 1995 – 2015 inhämtades. I dataprogrammet Gretl 2016c utfördes en regressionsanalys av typen Minsta kvadratmetoden, VIF-test samt QQ-plot. Slutsats: Variationen i tillväxten i BNP per capita kan till 75 % förklaras av förändringar i de hälsorelaterade variablerna. Tidigare teorier kring positiva effekter på den ekonomiska tillväxten från ökade hälsoinvesteringar, lägre initialt BNP per capita och ökad livslängd förstärktes i denna undersökning. Hälsoinvesteringar och initialt BNP per capita visade ett statistiskt säkerställt samband till den ekonomiska tillväxten. Förväntad livslängd saknade signifikans, men stöds av tidigare forskning. Variabeln för HIV visade ett positivt samband på ekonomisk tillväxt vilket strider mot tidigare teorier. Sambandet kan dock förklaras av bristfällig data och låg signifikansnivå.
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Solberg, Anna Marie Solberg. "Tourist Perceptions of their Environmental Impacts in Tanzania". Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1498135227020184.
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Kaliberka, Jan. "Význam cestovního ruchu pro ekonomiky nejméně rozvinutých zemí (LDC)". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-75126.
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The Least developed countries represent the weakest and poorest segment of the Word economy. Members of this this specific group are countries with the lowest incomes per capita, low human development and high economic vulnerability. Dealing with problems of these countries including extreme poverty isn't successful in the long run. Many advanced, developing as well as the LDCsstart to concentrate on tourism development, thank to its wide impacts on the economy and regional development. Also the UN strengthens its support to the LDCs in sustainable tourism development. The goal of this thesis is to analyze the significance of tourism for the economies of the LDCs and its potential for boosting the socio-economic development in these countries and for solving their problems includingtha alleviation of poverty.
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Kifle, Gelan Mengistu. "A Theoretical Model for Telemedicine : Social and Value Outcomes in Sub-Saharan Africa". Doctoral thesis, Kista : Department of Computer and Systems Sciences, Stockholm University/Royal Institute of Technology, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-1391.
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Jean-Baptiste, Annick Eudes. "Les mécanismes de financement du développement économique local : caractérisations et stratégies adaptées aux PMA". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLV024/document.
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Cette thèse doctorale s’attache à fournir une théorisation du Développement Economique Local (DEL) dans les Pays les Moins Avancés (PMA). Elle présente également une synthétisation des conditions et des hypothèses que les programmes et les institutions peuvent provoquer pour obtenir un changement durable dans les territoires. Un tel changement est prévu dans le but de conduire les PMA vers une trajectoire de développement. Le sujet de thèse est placé dans le cadre de la problématique des axes stratégiques du développement local et des choix de sociétés dans les Pays les Moins Avancés.La recherche, qui s’appuie sur une étude de cas de financement de développement local, est réalisée avec quatre sources de données qualitatives collectées de 2014 à 2017 sur le terrain d’une économie moins avancée. La posture épistémologique utilisée commence par déterminer la nature des problèmes identifiés et les spécificités des Pays les Moins Avancés. L’approche constructiviste pragmatique a permis de répondre et d’expliquer des phénomènes observables relatifs aux processus aboutissant au développement économique local suite à des financements appropriés.Les résultats de ce travail ont mis en évidence le cadre empirique du développement local dans les PMA.Les contributions de cette thèse de doctorat sont à plusieurs niveaux. D’abord elles sont d’ordre théorique, à travers un éclairage du système de gouvernance locale dans les Pays les Moins Avancés. Le cadre théorique spécifique aux PMA est approfondi et a permis de développer un ensemble de préconditions du développement local dans les PMA. Ensuite, les contributions de ce travail portent sur les politiques de développement et les politiques publiques.Nous proposons à partir de mécanismes de financements dit « mixtes » des stratégies de financements adaptées aux particularités des PMA en nous basant sur deux piliers du développement local dans les économies les moins avancés : la gouvernance locale et les entrepreneurs. Le modèle théorique et les préconditions au DEL permettent d’avoir une vue d’ensemble des stratégies à mettre en œuvre pour créer le cercle vertueux du DEL dans ces économiesThis doctoral thesis aims to provide a theorization of Local Economic Development (LED) in the Least Developed Countries (LDC). It also presents a synthesis of the conditions and assumptions of programs and institutions to reach transformative and sustainable change in local territories. Such a change is intended to drive the LDCs towards a sound development trajectory. The topic of the thesis is placed within the framework of the strategic options of local development and the choice of societies in the Least Developed Countries.The research, based on a case study of local development financing, is carried out with four qualitative data sources collected from 2014 to 2017 in the field of a less advanced economy. The epistemological posture starts by the nature of the problems identified and the specificities of the Least Developed Countries. The pragmatic constructivist approach made it possible to answer and explain observable phenomena related to the problem of identifying processes leading to local economic development following appropriate funding mechanism.The results of this doctoral research have highlighted an empirical framework for local development in LDCs.The contributions of this doctoral thesis numerous. First, they are of a theoretical nature, through an understanding of the local governance system in the least developed countries. The theoretical framework specific to the LDCs is thus analysed and allows to develop a set of preconditions for local development in the LDCs. Secondly, the contributions of this work deal with development policies and public policies.Indeed, we propose financing strategies adapted to the specificities of LDCs based on the two pillars of local development in the least developed economies: local governance and entrepreneurs, on the so-called "mixed" financing mechanisms. The theoretical model and LED preconditions provide an overview of strategies to implement the virtuous circle of LED in these economies
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Nhavoto, José António. "Integration of Mobile Technologies with Routine Healthcare Services in Mozambique". Doctoral thesis, Örebro universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Örebro Universitet, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-56948.
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Mobile technologies are emerging as one way to help address health challenges in many countries, including in Least Developed Countries. Mobile technology can reach a large share of the population but in order to provide effective support to healthcare services, technology, information collection and dissemination, and work processes need to be well aligned. The thesis uses a design science methodological approach and mixes qualitative and quantitative data analysis to address the question of, How can mobile technologies be effectively integrated with routine healthcare services? The study concerns the design, implementation, and evaluation of a mobile technology-based system, called SMSaúde, with the aim of improving the care of patients with HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis in Mozambique. The work started with the elicitation of functional and user requirements, based on focus group discussions. An important challenge, as in many mHealth interventions, was the integration with routine healthcare services and the existing IT systems, as well as developing a scalable technical structure. The system has now been in routine use since 2013 in more than 16 healthcare clinics in Mozambique. Evaluation was done by a randomised controlled study. Analysis of patient records showed that retention in care in urban areas was significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group. In a user study both patients and health professionals were very positive to the system. The thesis contributes to research by demonstrating how information system artefacts can be constructed and successfully implemented in resource-constrained settings. The practical contributions include the designed artefact itself as well as improved healthcare practices and mHealth policy recommendations.
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Khatiwada, Dilip. "Assessing the sustainability of bioethanol production in Nepal". Licentiate thesis, KTH, Energi och klimatstudier, ECS, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-25336.
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Access to modern energy services derived from renewable sources is a prerequisite, not only for economic growth, rural development and sustainable development, but also for energy security and climate change mitigation. The least developed countries (LDCs) primarily use traditional biomass and have little access to commercial energy sources. They are more vulnerable to problems relating to energy security, air pollution, and the need for hard-cash currency to import fossil fuels. This thesis evaluates sugarcane-molasses bioethanol, a renewable energy source with the potential to be used as a transport fuel in Nepal. Sustainability aspects of molasses-based ethanol have been analyzed. Two important indicators for sustainability, viz. net energy and greenhouse gas (GHG) balances have been used to assess the appropriateness of bioethanol in the life cycle assessment (LCA) framework. This thesis has found that the production of bioethanol is energy-efficient in terms of the fossil fuel inputs required to produce it. Life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from production and combustion are also lower than those of gasoline. The impacts of important physical and market parameters, such as sugar cane productivity, the use of fertilizers, energy consumption in different processes, and price have been observed in evaluating the sustainability aspects of bioethanol production. The production potential of bioethanol has been assessed. Concerns relating to the fuel vs. food debate, energy security, and air pollution have also been discussed. The thesis concludes that the major sustainability indicators for molasses ethanol in Nepal are in line with the goals of sustainable development. Thus, Nepal could be a good example for other LDCs when favorable governmental policy, institutional set-ups, and developmental cooperation from donor partners are in place to strengthen the development of renewable energy technologies.QC 20101029
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Peacock, Maria Natasha. "Is constructivism a prerequisite to unlock the power of web based platforms in teacher training? : A case study on the enablers for web based learning platforms for teacher training in Cambodia". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för informatik (IK), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-87491.
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This case study, executed in school network driven by a private foundation for underprivileged children in Cambodia, provides a perspective from a unique situation of technology enablement in an environment with a predominantly instructivist teaching tradition. The said environment is strongly influenced by private sector donors with strong constructivist traditions and expectations. The environment is thus unique in the sense that a relatively asset rich environment, with expectations of 21st century pedagogical skills, is transported into an asset poor environment that was/is strongly rooted in instructivism. The case study thus give a perspective on if technology itself is a possible solution for better teacher education/educational delivery, or if the underlying pedagogy first needs to be evolved to allow web-based platforms and tools to be fully leveraged. In the specific environment being studies, teacher in-service training plays a larger role than formal teacher qualifications, and peer-to-peer, in-person, learning is the cornerstone of development (offline connectivism). Rather than changing the way the teachers learn, there should be opportunity in further strengthening the current practices of communities. Connectivist MOOCs (Massive Open Online Courses) do provide the community engagement and together with technology mediated professional learning platforms there should be opportunity to provide enhanced support for teachers’ education. The two main hurdles to overcome, beyond functioning technology assets and web access, are teachers own comfort levels with technology platforms, as well as provision of platforms that support local language options. The comfort level with technology is important to address as, assuming technology and web access works, the openness and lack of control in a web environment is in direct contradiction to instructivist teaching. Unlocking the potential of the web requires that teachers are comfortable with the web itself and also truly support inquiry based learning over didactic teaching, and that they have the skills to help children navigate the openness of the web. As economies shift towards becoming knowledge societies, collaborative problem-solving and navigation to knowledge are skills of increasing in importance, relative static knowledge recall that was previously viewed as value adding. This case study contributes to pedagogical theory and in particularly gives one more perspective on the shift from instructivist to constructivist teaching as a pre-requisite for capturing the power of the internet, and the shift to leveraging networks in a connectivist pedagogical approach. This case study also calls out the need for evolved frameworks to better describe technology mediated learning in least developing country environments. The case study also provides contribution to practice to technology mediated teacher education as it specifically addresses some of the opportunities in strengthening the support to teacher education in least developed countries.
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Macheru, Maryanne Wambui. "East African community-European Union economic partnership agreement, to be or not to be? Will conomic partnership agreement undermine or accelerate trade development within the East African community". Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_4327_1363780584.
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