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1
Huang, Jialing. "Research on the Dissemination and Influence of the English Translations of Journey to the West". Transactions on Social Science, Education and Humanities Research 6 (22.03.2024): 109–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.62051/8kqvae35.
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The four great Chinese classics possess a high literary standard and profound thinking, representing four great monuments in the history of Chinese literature. Their translation and dissemination abroad are an important part of the national strategy of "Chinese culture going global", and are incorporated into the major policies of national cultural development. However, previous research on English translations has mostly focused on translation techniques, translator's motivation, comparisons with the original text, etc., with a lack of statistical, analytical, and research from the field of communication. Therefore, this project takes the 25 English translations of Wu Cheng'en's novel "Journey to the West" as the research subject, conducts statistical analysis on the reprinting of different translations, overseas reading volume and reader book reviews, magazine book reviews, academic citation times and world library collection quantities, examines the dissemination of different translations in the English-speaking world, and based on the current situation, combines contemporary scholars' views on the dissemination and translation research of "Journey to the West" in English, lays the foundation for proposing improvement strategies for the national "going global" policy, to promote the breadth and depth of Chinese culture's dissemination in the English-speaking world, supporting the spread of Chinese classical culture and thought beyond China's borders.
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Борисова, Лидия Александровна. "NOMINATION OF STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS OF RUSSIAN LAWS: TRANSLATION ASPECT". Вестник Тверского государственного университета. Серия: Филология, nr 4(67) (24.11.2020): 161–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.26456/vtfilol/2020.4.161.
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В статье предпринимается попытка установить англоязычные переводные эквиваленты номинативным единицам, маркирующим структуру документов российского законодательства. На материале переводов Конституции РФ, кодексов и федеральных законов автором выстраивается иерархия переводных эквивалентов в английском языке. Делается вывод о допустимости разных переводческих решений в связи с выполнением переводом функции информирования, а не нормативного регулирования. The paper considers the issue of translating legislative texts from Russian into English. Special attention is paid to the structural elements of laws. By analyzing the translations of the Russian Constitution, some Russian codes and federal laws the author presents a hierarchy of English translation equivalents. The translation equivalents may differ since the translation itself performs informative rather than normative function.
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BinMasad, Sarah, i Hind M. Alotaibi. "Exploring Cross-Cultural Legal Terminology: A Corpus-Based Study of English Translation in Saudi Laws". Theory and Practice in Language Studies 14, nr 4 (29.04.2024): 1151–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1404.23.
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Legal translation is deemed an arduous task, drawing on various lexical and structural choices (Chroma, 2004). Failure to adopt suitable translation strategies and procedures to overcome the challenges of translating legal terminology would undeniably affect the target readers’ ability to understand their translations. Therefore, this mixed-methods corpus-based study examined the English translation of 44 Arabic culture-specific legal terms (CSLTs) used in six Saudi laws (SLs) and focused on identifying the translation strategies and procedures. The CSLTs included in this study were categorized into religious terms, names of institutions, titles of laws, and miscellaneous terms. To analyze the CSLTs’ translation, a parallel corpus including the six SLs and their translations was created using Phrase TMS. To identify the strategies and procedures, Venuti’s (1995) and Mailhac’s (1996) models were utilized. The results revealed that both of Venuti’s strategies were followed, and domestication was adopted more than foreignization. In addition, seven of Mailhac’s procedures were applied, where the procedure most employed is definition, while compensation is the least used.
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Furnish, Shearle. "Thematic Structure and Symbolic Motif in the Middle English Breton Lays". Traditio 62 (2007): 83–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0362152900000544.
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The Breton Lays in Middle English is an enigmatic label customarily used to designate eight or nine brief narratives: Sir Orfeo, Sir Degaré, Lay le Freine, “The Franklin's Tale,” Sir Launfal, The Earl of Toulouse, Emaré, and Sir Gowther. The label is awkward because it may seem to suggest that the poems are consistently derived from or inspired by Breton or Old French sources and thus are a sort of stepchildren, little more than translations or, worse, misunderstandings of a multi-media heritage. Most scholars have seen the grouping as traditional and artificial, passed along in uncritical reception, not resting on substantial generic similarities that distinguish the poems from other literary forms. John Finlayson, for instance, concludes, “In fact, considered coldly, shortness and adventure or ordeal would seem to be the only things that can really be isolated as universal characteristics.” Some scholars have accounted for the poems as a set. The distinctions they discuss commonly include the lays' close relation to the conventions of the folk-tale, relationship to provincial audiences, and a growing sophistication of the craft of fiction.
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Ranieri, Filippo. "Les traductions françaises des Commentaires de William Blackstone à la fin du XVIIIe siècle". Tijdschrift voor Rechtsgeschiedenis 88, nr 1-2 (25.06.2020): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718190-00880a05.
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Summary The numerous translations through which the Commentaries on the Laws of England by William Blackstone – a milestone in the history of the common law – became known in France, and thus contributed for the first time to acquaint French jurists with English law, have been largely neglected by legal historians. The first section of the present contribution introduces the French anglophile visitors to England who, during the second half of the eighteenth century, disseminated the work of William Blackstone and its first translations in France. The biography and work of these first translators require a detailed examination. A second section assesses the influence of these translations, particularly in the legal and political debates on the English trial by jury in the context of revolutionary legislation. A third section considers the later translations of Blackstone’s work during the Napoleonic period and the following years. Finally, a call for further research outlines the impact of that translation literature.
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Sessorova, Svetlana Aleksandrovna. "Linguopragmatic aspects of translating Kate DiCamillo’s stylistic dominants from English into Russian". Philology. Issues of Theory and Practice 16, nr 9 (4.09.2023): 2912–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.30853/phil20230455.
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The aim of the study is to identify the main dominants in the individual style of the modern American children’s writer Kate DiCamillo. Kate DiCamillo’s works, despite the fact that their initial target readership is represented by children of primary and secondary school age, are characterised by a deep semantic, aesthetic, didactic and pragmatic load, symbolism, stylistic charge, which is particularly difficult to translate and adapt. In this regard, the paper pays special attention to interpreting the essence of the pragmatic meaning of the features peculiar to the writer’s style, as well as the literary techniques used by her in the process of carrying out a comparative analysis of excerpts from the original works and their translations. The researcher assessed the adequacy of the translator’s application of pragmatically determined translation tactics to preserve the stylistic dominants of the author. The scientific novelty of the paper lies in the fact that it presents a comprehensive translation and linguopragmatic analysis of the key stylistic means used by Kate DiCamillo, which lays the theoretical foundations for the pragmasemantic description of the individual style of the writer of children’s fiction. As a result of the comparative analysis, it was found that Kate DiCamillo’s dominant stylistic techniques are metaphor, comparison, epithet, using which the author conveys the pragmaticon of her linguistic individuality, communicates certain motivational and pragmatic attitudes, influencing the child reader. Cultural filtering, explication and information modification were identified as the key translation strategies.
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Kanwal, Naumana, Muhammad Javed Iqbal i Mariam Mushtaq. "Minimalist Perspective on Legal Communication: A Case Study of English to Urdu Translation of Punjab Laws". Register Journal 15, nr 1 (18.02.2022): 64–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.18326/rgt.v15i1.64-90.
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Syntactic choices and complexity reduction make translation communicative for the readers. This paper underscores the syntactic choices as well as complexity reduction in Urdu translation of Punjab laws in English. The study focuses on legal communication in a minimalistic perspective. It draws upon the theory of minimalism proposed by Chomsky (1993), along with the three-stage model by Nida and Taber (1969). Data is analyzed by employing Burton’s (2021) clausal analysis. The legal data used for the research comprises Punjab laws in English and their Urdu translation. The findings reveal minimalism as a useful strategy in the translation process for reducing structure complexity and making the translation understandable to laypeople. The study is beneficial to English-Urdu translators since it instructs them on how to make their translations communicative, especially when dealing with legal texts. It is also useful for academics in the field of Translation Studies who are working on minimalist views.Keywords: minimalism, complexity reduction, legal translation, syntactic choices, communication
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Peng, Wenqing. "Self-Retranslation as Intralingual Translation: Two Special Cases in the English Translations of San Guo Yan Yi". Language and Semiotic Studies 3, nr 2 (1.06.2017): 110–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/lass-2017-030205.
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Du, Yunlei. "Research on English Translation Strategies in Legal Applications". International Journal of Education and Humanities 12, nr 2 (1.02.2024): 136–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/fwct9h55.
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The laws of each country have their own unique concepts, and even if the legal system is so similar as that of China and Germany, there are still many legal concepts that cannot completely overlap in connotation. For example, the Rechtsgeschaeft in the German civil law is inconsistent with the civil legal acts in the general principles of China's civil law, which only includes legal legal acts. In recent years, with the increase of legal and cultural exchanges with foreign countries in China, many problems have arisen in legal translation, such as spelling and grammar errors, and errors in the translation of legal terms. As a legal translator, you should have a correct attitude, be conscientious and responsible, and translate high-quality translations.
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Charzyńska-Wójcik, Magdalena. "Too Good Is Bad: On a Forgotten Translation of the Book of Psalms From 1700". Roczniki Humanistyczne 71, nr 6sp (24.07.2023): 15–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.18290/rh237106.2s.
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This contribution is devoted to an English translation of the Book of Psalms made by John Caryll and David Nairne at the exiled court of James II in Saint-Germain-en-Laye. The Psalmes of David, translated from the Vulgat first printed in 1700, received a corrected and revised edition brought out in 1704. Despite the significant place it occupies in the history of translations of the Psalter from the Vulgate into English, it has hardly received any scholarly attention. The paper examines the circumstances in which this translation emerged, looks at its language and compares it with its rival texts, examines its reception, circulation, and sociolinguistic context with a view to determining why the text ceased to be printed and why it has suffered neglect in the literature dealing with biblical translations. The contribution also presents for the first time the text of Psalm 1 from the newly discovered manuscript version of the Psalmes preserved in SCA in Aberdeen, Scotland.
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Shuyue, Zhang, i Wang Feng. "Eco-Translatology Perspective on the English Translation of Subtitles in the Documentary Eight Hundred Years of Chu State". Humanities and Social Science Research 2, nr 3 (24.07.2019): p5. http://dx.doi.org/10.30560/hssr.v2n3p5.
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Based on the concept of translational eco-environment, oriental ecological wisdom, and the Darwinian principle of natural selection, the concepts of eco-translatology and relevant theoretical ideas were proposed and explained by Professor Hu Gengshen from 2001 on. This interdisciplinary theory of translation studies and ecology considers translation as a translator's adaptation and selection activities, and its translation methods include the linguistic, cultural, and communication aspects. Eight Hundred Years of Chu State is a large-scale documentary about Chu culture. It systematically tells about the great history of the 800 years of Chu State, interpreting the brilliant and splendid civilization of Chu with its magnificent cultural relics, and revealing the laws worth pondering behind its ups and downs. Taking as examples the Chinese-English subtitle translations of the documentary Eight Hundred Years of Chu State, this paper aims to take the interdisciplinary theoretical perspective of eco-translatology to explore its implications for documentary translation from the linguistic, cultural, and communicative dimensions. Aiming also to improve the English translation of Chinese-made documentaries to a higher level, this paper hopes to promote the spread of Chinese traditional culture, especially Jingchu culture, and to enhance the world's understanding of China and its splendid culture.
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van der Auwera, Johan. "Nominal and pronominal negative concord, through the lens of Belizean and Jamaican Creole". Linguistics 60, nr 2 (17.01.2022): 505–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ling-2020-0137.
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Abstract The article aims to advance the general understanding of negative concord through a comparative analysis of nominal and pronominal negative concord in Jamaican and Belizean Creole, based on the translations of the New Testament. It supplies a general characterization of Jamaican and Belizean negative concord and then focuses on negative concord with a negator like what corresponds to English not and either a pronoun or a nominal like what corresponds to English nobody or no man, respectively. The paper makes a strong plea for studying nominal negative concord in its own right. It shows how it differs from pronominal negative concord and for both it lays bare a variety of non-concordant patterns. It explains the variation in terms of a number of principles, one of which is what is standardly called the ‘Negative First’ principle, but it is defined in a new way. The article shows that there can be concord with definite negative nominals.
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Bi, Shengqin. "Intelligent system for English translation using automated knowledge base". Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems 39, nr 4 (21.10.2020): 5057–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jifs-179991.
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In the process of globalization, machine translation has undergone a long period of evolution and development. Although the development level of machine translation has been greatly improved, the quality of machine translation is still not very high, and it is difficult to meet the needs of users. Artificial intelligence is the science that studies the laws of human intelligent activity. The application of artificial intelligence technology in the English depression and depression, combined with the Internet and intelligent knowledge base, can develop English translation systems to solve the problem of English translation to a certain extent. Based on the above background, the research content of this article is a neural network-based artificial intelligence technology English translation system based on the intelligent knowledge base. This article is mainly based on the existing English-Chinese machine translation to find a more favorable method for English long sentence translation. By improving part-of-speech tagging and rules, the rules can match more sentence patterns to improve the quality of existing machine translations. This paper proposes an improved hybrid recommendation algorithm, and through experimental simulation, the results show that the accuracy of the algorithm is not very high. The highest is 35.64%. The possible reason may be that the k value is selected during k-means text clustering, or the N value recommended by TopN is not selected properly, but the hybrid recommendation is still better than ordinary collaborative filtering.
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Tkachuk, Tetyana, i Inha Paslavska. "STYLISTIC PERSPECTIVES OF THE TRANSLATION OF ENGLISH-SPEAKING SOURCES IN THE MODERN INTERPRETATION OF FUTURE PHILOLOGISTS". Academic Notes Series Pedagogical Science 1, nr 204 (październik 2022): 185–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.36550/2415-7988-2022-1-205-185-189.
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The article describes the general regularities of artistic text translation, which contain communicative-production and cognitive-interpretive components. The purpose of the article is to justify the stylistic perspectives of the translation of English-language sources in the modern interpretation of future philologists. The research material was authentic English and Ukrainian texts of works of art. The following research methods were used: general scientific hypothetico-deductive method; comparative analysis; analysis and synthesis; free associative experiment; Pearson's correlation analysis (correlation analysis of data) and others. The psycholinguistic analysis of these trends shows that individual translations systematically have deformation patterns that are a consequence of cognitive asymmetry in translations at the stylistic, morphological, and syntactic levels. According to the results of the research, there is confirmation of the relationship between the cognitive style of the translator's personality, respectively, and his degree of verbal creativity, which determines the stylistic representation of the translation of English-language sources in the modern interpretation by future philologists. The target versions of students of lower courses during translation are characterized by cognitive simplification, which leads to the distortion of the cognitive structure of the original source and prevents the alignment of the text according to the original, while the personal transformations of the individual style justify the narrative style of presenting information. On the other hand, the reverse tendency of the prerogative of cognitive complexity prevails among those who have acquired higher education, as a result of the increase in the equivalent of knowledge. Further perspectives on the topic of the research consist in clarifying the interrelationships of the laws of artistic text translation on the materials of other involved speech pairs and text genres.
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Peng, Wenqing. "Generic Intertextuality: A Case Study of the English Translations of San Guo Yan Yi". Language and Semiotic Studies 4, nr 3 (1.09.2018): 131–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/lass-2018-040308.
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Lis, Kinga. "On the Earliest English Translation of the Laws of Oléron and Its Editions". Studia Anglica Posnaniensia 55, nr 1 (1.03.2020): 79–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/stap-2020-0004.
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Abstract The Laws of Oléron are a compilation of regulations binding in north-western Europe. They concern relationships on board a ship and in ports, as well as between members of one crew and those of another when it comes to safe journey. Even though the “code” was known in England at the beginning of the 14th century, it was only in the 16th century that it was translated from French into (Early Modern) English. The literature on the topic mentions two independent 16th-century renditions of the originally French text (Lois d’Oléron) but disagrees as to the authorship of the earliest translation, its date and place of creation, the mutual relationship between the two, their content and respective source texts. Strikingly, three names appear in this context: Thomas Petyt, Robert Copland, and W. Copland. The picture emerging from various accounts concerning the translations is very confusing. It is the purpose of this paper to trace the history of the misconceptions surrounding the Early Modern English versions of the Laws of Oléron, and to illustrate how, by approaching them from a broader perspective, two hundred years of confusion can be resolved. The wider context adopted in this study is that of a book as a whole, and not of an individual text within the book, set against the backdrop of the printing milieu. The investigation begins with a brief inquiry into the lives and careers of the three people named with respect to the two renditions, in an attempt to determine whether these provide any grounds for disagreement. The analysis also juxtaposes the relevant renditions as far as their contents, layout, and the actual texts are concerned in order to establish what the relationship between them is and whether it could account for the confusion surrounding the translations.
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Kizińska, Anna. "Translation Methods Applied to Approach the Incongruity of Terms in Polish and British Criminal Law". Sustainable Multilingualism 18, nr 1 (1.05.2021): 210–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sm-2021-0010.
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Summary The research analyses incongruent Polish and British criminal law terms. British terms are the names of legal institutions characteristic of three independent legal systems: of England and Wales, Scotland or Northern Ireland. The Polish terms that have been discussed come from the Polish Criminal Code Act of 6 June 1997 (Journal of Laws 1997 No. 88 item 553). Moreover, they are legal terms pursuant to their interpretation by Morawski (1980, p. 187). The English equivalents under analysis have appeared in four Polish Criminal Code translations into English. The research aims at a verification of whether or not the classification of translation methods applied in the Polish-English translation of incongruent succession and family law terms (called civil law terms) (Kizińska, 2015, p. 175–178) encompasses translation methods used in the process of translation of incongruent law terms characteristic of criminal law into English. In the paper the translation method is interpreted according to the definition by Hejwowski (2004, p. 76). In the theoretical part of the paper the following linguistic phenomena have been presented: a term (by Zmarzer & Lukszyn, 2001, p. 9) and incongruity of terms (by Šarčević, 1989, p. 278). In the initial stage of the analysis the definitions of a given Polish term and its suggested equivalents have been compared. Next, the appearance of a given equivalent in the sources of British law texts as well as the English language has been checked to determine the translation methods used while forming a given equivalent. Finally, the list of translation methods applied has been drafted, to conclude, among other things, that the translation methods presented in the above-mentioned typology of translation methods applied in the translation of incongruent civil law terms from Polish into English are to be determined as exclusively primary or secondary.
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Brannon, Jeanna A., i Igor I. Kavass. "Soviet Laws Translated into the English Language: A Bibliographic List Through December 31, 1984". International Journal of Legal Information 13, nr 3-4 (sierpień 1985): 50–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s073112650001876x.
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The purpose of this paper is to provide a checklist of Soviet Normative Acts available in English translations. This list is intended for use in conjunction with a checklist by William E. Butler found at 23 American Journal of Comparative Law 530 (1975). The majority of the legislation included in this bibliography was enacted after Butler's publication in 1975. Included also are acts that were already cited by Butler but have appeared again in new English language books.
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Classen, Albrecht. "The Lais of Marie de France: Text and Translation, ed. and trans. by Claire M. Waters. Peterborough, Ont., and Tonawanda, NY: Broadview Press, 2018, 424 pp." Mediaevistik 31, nr 1 (1.01.2018): 409. http://dx.doi.org/10.3726/med012018_409.
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Famous medieval writers continuously find modern publishers willing to produce ever new translations into modern vernacular languages, while the vast majority of contemporary medieval authors linger in the margins and often continue to await even the publication of a critical edition of their works. This is the case with Marie de France as well, whose lais have now been translated into English once again by Claire M. Waters who is Professor of English at the University of California, Davis. She has previously published studies such as Angels and Earthly Creatures: Preaching, Performance, and Gender in the Later Middle Ages (2003), Virgins and Scholars: A Fifteenth-Century Compilation of the Lives of John the Baptist, John the Evangelist, Jerome, and Katherine of Alexandria (2008), and Translating Clergie: Status, Education, and Salvation in Thirteenth-Century Vernacular Texts (2016).
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McKelvy, William R. "PRIMITIVE BALLADS, MODERN CRITICISM, ANCIENT SKEPTICISM: MACAULAY’S LAYS OF ANCIENT ROME". Victorian Literature and Culture 28, nr 2 (wrzesień 2000): 287–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s106015030028203x.
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ONE OF THE BEST selling volumes of Victorian verse, as Donald Gray has shown, was Thomas Babington Macaulay’s The Lays of Ancient Rome first published in 1842 (Complete Writings 19: 167–279). For a generation after its publication, the Lays also generally enjoyed the praise of critics and poets.1 But in 1860, just months after Macaulay had been interred in Poets’ Corner, Matthew Arnold offered up the Lays as a touchstone of the grandly bad. In his lectures On Translating Homer, Arnold said that “a man’s power to detect the ring of false metal in those Lays is a good measure of his fitness to give an opinion about poetical matters at all” (1: 211). Arnold’s put-down was echoed in later works such as Thomas Humphry Ward’s multi-volume anthology The English Poets (1880), which opened with Arnold’s essay “The Study of Poetry.” Ward cited the continuing popularity of the Lays, but he pointed out that “the higher critical authorities have pronounced against them, and are even teaching us to wonder whether they can be called poetry at all. They find in the Lays the same faults which mar the author’s prose — commonplaceness of ideas, cheapness of sentiment and imagery, made to prevail by dint of the writer’s irresistible command of a new rhetorical force; in a word, eloquent Philistinism” (4: 540).
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Yang, Jinwen. "A Comparative Corpus-linguistic Study of Thick Adjectives: Cases of the PRC Criminal Law and the Model Penal Code". Communications in Humanities Research 6, nr 1 (14.09.2023): 255–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7064/6/20230265.
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With the promotion of law-based governance in China, laws and regulations play an ever more important role in our country whilst placing further demands on PRC law translation. Guided by previous research, this paper conducts a comparative study into the adjective phenomenon from the two selected corpus--the Model Penal Code and the PRC Criminal Law, respectively representing professional legal discourse and Chinese law translation. Concerning the research result, the author concludes the legal norms drawn from Model Penal Code and puts forward improvement proposals for the official Chinese-English law translations in terms of adjective distribution and category choices. The findings demonstrate that legal language tends to avoid adjectives and that thick concepts are more commonly used due to their evaluative intensity. By contributing to the promotion of future C-E legal translation, this paper aims to support China's legal system in its increasingly important role on the global stage.
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Pak, Antonina, Svitlana Hurbanska, Olha Boiko, Valentyna Avramenko i Petro Katerynych. "The Formalized Semantics of Neologisms-Slangisms in the Context of the English Translation of A Military Narrative". World Journal of English Language 13, nr 6 (10.07.2023): 537. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/wjel.v13n6p537.
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Each new designation associated with a designation already fixed in the language is traditionally and automatically considered a case of semantic neology and is a case of polysemy. This simplistic analysis does not take into account morphological analysis and ignores the semantic laws that govern changes in meaning. The paper examines the meaning and evolution of semantic neologisms in military English discourse. In particular, three types of neologisms can be distinguished: neologisms-borrowings, neologisms-homonyms, and semantic neologisms. The emphasis is placed on semantic neologisms since they are the ones that become a problem for translators due to the tendency to polysemy. The paper examines the neologisms of military discourse in the context of the specifics of the narrative of translations of military texts by S. Zhadan. Unlike a large number of other linguistic concepts, such as a phoneme, morpheme, the concept of neologism seems to be well known to everyone, and in general, consensus means “new word”. Based on this, one might expect unanimity in the identification and analysis of neologisms and slangisms. However, there are many discussions about the neological status of a particular lexical item. Scientists emphasize a very high rate of dispersion of linguistic new formations, without a clear differentiation between neologisms and slangisms. Therefore, in the presented work we analyse the problems of translation of semantic neologisms and slangisms on the basis of English translations of the existential specificity of the narrative of the war-themed texts by S. Zhadan “Boarding School”. The issue of the newest intuitive concept of neology and the potential of slangisms to form a formal matrix, and neologisms - a semantic one, is actualized.
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Stern, David G. "The University of Iowa Tractatus Map". Nordic Wittgenstein Review 5, nr 2 (16.12.2016): 203–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15845/nwr.v5i2.3437.
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Drawing on recent work on the nature of the numbering system of the Tractatus and Wittgenstein’s use of that system in his composition of the Prototractatus, the paper sets out the rationale for the online tool called The University of Iowa Tractatus Map. The map consists of a website with a front page that links to two separate subway-style maps of the hypertextual numbering system Wittgenstein used in his Tractatus. One map displays the structure of the published Tractatus; the other lays out the structure of the Prototractatus. The site makes available the full text of the German and the two canonical English translations. While we envisage the map as a tool that we would like a wide variety of readers to find helpful, we argue that our website amounts to a radically new edition of Wittgenstein’s early masterpiece, with far-reaching implications for the interpretation of that text. In particular, we claim that our visually compelling presentation of the book’s overall structure delivers on Wittgenstein’s cryptic claim in a letter to his publisher that it is the numbers that “make the book surveyable and clear”.
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Chan, Clara Ho-yan. "The use and translation of Chinese legal terminology in the property laws of mainland China and Hong Kong". Terminology 17, nr 2 (25.10.2011): 249–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/term.17.2.10cha.
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The paramount importance of ‘equivalence’ of terms in legal translation raises challenging issues for Chinese, in that legal terminology in mainland China differs from that of Hong Kong due to the separate legal systems maintained under “One country, two systems”. With the more frequent interaction between the two regions since the handover in 1997, Chinese legal terminology has been undergoing transformation as China also aims to globalize its legal system by introducing legal concepts from other countries and adapting them to work within the confines of local culture (Potter 2001: 4–15). There is, therefore, a great need for systematic study of the Chinese legal terms of the two regions to clarify confusion between similar terms and cast light on the overall trends. This study focuses on the Property Law of the People’s Republic of China promulgated in October 2007 in order to safeguard state and private property, as part of an ongoing effort to develop a civil code under the globalizing trend of integration. I chose this case study because the use of terms in the new property law and their contrast with the usage in Hong Kong law are highly representative of the latest developments. The present state of affairs is that no overall strategies have been formulated with regard to English-Chinese and Chinese-English legal term translation. As a result, there are problematic cases, but most of these remain untouched by linguists and translation scholars. In my conclusion, I attempt to measure the equivalence of terminology, in order to shed light on future directions in the translation of Chinese and Hong Kong legislature. I also make suggestions regarding the differentiation and standardization of terms commonly used in the property laws of the mainland and Hong Kong, and their translations.
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Bruyn, Bert Le, Martijn van der Klis i Henriëtte de Swart. "The Perfect in dialogue". Linguistics in the Netherlands 36 (5.11.2019): 162–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/avt.00030.bru.
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Abstract We investigate the use of the perfect in dialogue in Dutch and – for comparison – report on data from Dutch narrative discourse as well as on data from both registers in English. Our approach is corpus-based with data drawn from Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone and its translation to Dutch. Our data reveal that the Dutch perfect is sensitive to the dialogue/narrative discourse distinction and competes with the past in dialogue along the event/state distinction. This is in line with earlier findings by Boogaart (1999) and de Swart (2007) and lays the foundation for an analysis of the perfect in which we bridge the gap between the English/dialogue oriented literature (Portner 2003; Nishiyama & Koenig 2010) and the variationist/narrative discourse oriented literature (de Swart 2007; Schaden 2009).
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Maikova, Tatyana. "Certain aspects of translation of special texts as a semantic whole (on the example of translation of the Russian-language political text)". Litera, nr 12 (grudzień 2020): 227–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8698.2020.12.34499.
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This article on the example of specific language material analyzes the difficulties causes by the need to translate the text as a semantic whole, as well as outline the methods to avoid them. The texts is viewed from two perspectives – as a coherent fragment of speech, and as a speech of particular style. The author carries out comparative analysis of the forms of expression inherent to the texts of scientific and formal business styles in the Russian and English languages; highlights the elements relevant for translation; and classifies them based on nature of their correlation. The article also considers the problems of achieving coherence in translation of the text. The conclusion is made on the need for additional translation transformations substantiated not so much by discrepancies in the structure of two languages, but as by belonging of the original text to a particular speech style. The author lays emphasis on coherence and stylistic uniqueness as the elements relevant for translation of the text as a semantic whole. Such transformations as translation conversion, inter-level transformations, and omission are proposed for translating deverbal nouns in scientific and formal business texts. In the aspect of achieving coherence in translation, the author determines such problems as sentence-level topic model and preservation of co-reference. The article can be valuable for translators and in teaching translation techniques.
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Xiaolan, Gan. "PROMOTION AND DISSEMINATION OF WULIANGYE YIBIN CULTURE IN THE ENGLISH-SPEAKING WORLD BASED ON PYTHON SEMANTIC ANALYSIS". International Journal of Education Humanities and Social Science 06, nr 03 (2023): 212–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.54922/ijehss.2023.0533.
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The promotion and dissemination of Chinese Baijiu globally has become a hot topic in recent years. As Sichuan Baijiu gains popularity in both the international and domestic markets, the exploration of its global road is becoming increasingly important. This study focuses on the global path of Wuliangye Yibin culture and aims to propose strategies for promoting and disseminating it in the English-speaking world. This study makes use of an online English corpus and Python natural language processing technology to create a small Wuliangye Yibin English news corpus (WNC). This study then analyzes the frequency distribution and emotional tendency of adjectives related to the corpus, ultimately promoting and disseminating Wuliangye Yibin culture in Englishspeaking world. These include enhancing Wuliangye Yibin’s online presence, improving the quality of promotional materials translations, and targeting specific English-speaking audiences. Overall, this research serves as a valuable refence for the promotion of Chinese Baijiu culture on the global stage while adhering to China’s laws and regulation
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Nabea, Wendo. "Mediation between Linguistic Hegemony and Periphery Languages in the Nobel Prize for Literature". Journal of Higher Education in Africa 19, nr 2 (14.07.2022): 77–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.57054/jhea.v19i2.2180.
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This article explores the Nobel Prize for Literature as an embodiment of Western hegemony, despite its universal disposition. It demonstrates that the award is prestigious and canonises selected literary works as quintessential, as well as offering social and economic benefits to authors. However, the article contends that there are ideological and geopolitical considerations apart from quality that are addressed by the Swedish Academy to identify the winner every year, chief among them being the language of writing. The article demonstrates that literary works that are apt to win are generally those that are written in the dominant languages of the metropolis, especially English. It further cast doubts on the chances of winning for writers who use marginal languages, for example, African national languages, considering that even translations tend to misrepresent texts in the source language. The article avers that the Nobel Prize epitomises hegemony, language being a key component. Using postcolonial theory, the article further lays bare how writers use marginal languages to mediate with linguistic hegemony through appropriation, abrogation and evolution of argots. The article asserts that the Swedish Academy needs to rethink the question of language in awarding the Nobel Prize for Literature or else it can become displaced and parochialised as users of minor languages negotiate with it.
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de la Torre, Osvaldo. "Introduction to Ronald Kay's “On photography Time split in two”". ARTMargins 2, nr 3 (październik 2013): 114–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/artm_a_00062.
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The text presented here constitutes the first time that Ronald Kay's work has been rendered and published in English translation. A fundamental figure within Chile's art scene during its recent dictatorial period (1973–1990), Kay's written, pedagogic, and editorial contributions were instrumental in shaping the sophisticated and insurgent discourse of the artists working under the rubric now known as the neovanguardia. The first chapter of Ronald Kay's Del Espacio de Acá (1980), “On photography Time split in two” lays out, in a style and rhetoric that are both lyrical and rigorous, Kay's theorization of the photographic phenomenon as a miniature geological event.
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Kay, Ronald. "On photography Time split in two". ARTMargins 2, nr 3 (październik 2013): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/artm_a_00063.
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The text presented here constitutes the first time that Ronald Kay's work has been rendered and published in English translation. A fundamental figure within Chile's art scene during its recent dictatorial period (1973–1990), Kay's written, pedagogic, and editorial contributions were instrumental in shaping the sophisticated and insurgent discourse of the artists working under the rubric now known as the neovanguardia. The first chapter of Ronald Kay's Del Espacio de Acá (1980), “On photography Time split in two” lays out, in a style and rhetoric that are both lyrical and rigorous, Kay's theorization of the photographic phenomenon as a miniature geological event.
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Savitri, Ayu Ida. "Error Analysis on English Translation from Indonesian on Public Facilities in Semarang City". E-Structural 2, nr 01 (5.07.2019): 30–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.33633/es.v2i1.2493.
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Delivering exactly and accurately the same message of a text under minor bias and without any form and meaning shifts in another language has always becoming the final-purpose of a translation process as the main objective of translation is transferring the message of a text in one language into another one by highly considering on how the readers of another language will understand and enjoy the translation while obtaining the needed information. Most of the time, the difficulties of expressing similar message in another language lays on the different interpretation due to the different culture. To deal with it, a translator must be a ‘balance-bilingualist’ as she/he must understand well the languages involved in the translation process. Sometimes, the error in translation occurs when the structure of the first language/the source language (SL) of the translator influence the translation in second language/ target language (TL). To analyse the error, Error Analysis Theory from Richard (1974) and Types of Error in producing English from Dulay (1982) is used as it is aimed at revealing the kinds or error along with the factors influencing the error. This research is done to describe the error in public translation such as billboard, banner and decoration containing wise words around Semarang City to show the kinds of error and the factors influencing those errors along with the way the translator translate the text under Translation Theory from Catford (1965) and Nida and Taber (1969) also Translation Model from Venuti (2000) and Translation Method and Technique/ Procedure from Vinay and Darbelnet (1958). The result shows that most of the errors are in generalization that happened as a result of the influence of the first language/SL structure and writing system that is different with that of the second language/TL.
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Kiszely, Marta. "Central and Eastern Europe & The Republics of the Former Soviet Union: Guide to Current Sources of Laws and Other Documents in English". International Journal of Legal Information 22, nr 2 (1994): 141–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0731126500024811.
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Due to the rapid changes in the legal systems of Central and Eastern European countries and the republics of the former Soviet Union, the question that researchers and librarians nowadays face is how to get current foreign materials in English in a reliable published form. Only two years ago the problem was that there were no comprehensive, consistent, and current sources in English translations. Today the problem is not so much finding sources as being certain of the reliability and continuity of the available sources. There is a boom in new publications and services (both primary and secondary, both in paper and in electronic format), but one cannot always count on them for timely, regular publication, and consistent scope of coverage.
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Giampieri, Patrizia. "Translating legal formulae: a corpus-driven approach". Comparative Legilinguistics 52 (9.01.2023): 293–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/cl.52.2022.13.
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Fixed lexical or syntactical expressions and formulae hallmark legal language. They serve both linguistic and legal purposes, and should be rendered accordingly in a target language and legal system. Most of the times, however, formulaic expressions are translated by resorting to calques, false cognates, or phrases that are uncommon in the target legal language (and legal system). This paper is aimed at exploring how and if corpus analysis can dispel doubts and help find acceptable translation candidates. As there are currently no publicly available legal corpora addressing corporate documents such as contracts and agreements, this paper wishes to bridge this gap by building and relying on an ad hoc corpus of authentic agreements written in English as a first language according to the laws of England and Wales. In this way, corpus evidence can help find equivalents and, possibly, address recurrent mistranslations from Italian into English. During the corpus analysis process, the paper shows and discusses search queries and how equivalents can be obtained. At the same time, it questions dictionary entries. The paper findings highlight that the consultation of the ad hoc corpus allows to find acceptable translations of Italian legal formulae and address recurrent mistranslations. English formulaic expressions, in fact, can be rendered satisfactorily thanks to the possibility of noticing word usages in context, keywords in contexts and collocations. Further research can encompass a wider variety of formulae and/or legal documents so that scholars and translators can be equipped with useful reference tools.
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Talaván, Noa, i Pilar Rodríguez-Arancón. "Didactic Audiovisual Translation in Online Contexts". Hikma 23, nr 1 (31.05.2024): 205–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21071/hikma.v23i1.15977.
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The didactic applications of Audiovisual Translation (AVT) to Foreign Language Learning refer to the use of AVT modes (subtitling, dubbing, etc.) as didactic resources. It is a line of enquiry that has been receiving increasing attention in recent years, from researchers and practitioners alike. The TRADILEX Project has aimed to reinforcing this area of study by designing and testing a methodological proposal where various AVT modes (subtitling, voice-over, dubbing, and the media accessibility modes of audio description and subtitles for deaf and hard of hearing people) have been applied to enhance integrated skills in English as a foreign language. This article will offer an account of the whole online piloting process undertaken within TRADILEX. It will show how the methodological design, the lesson plans, and the instruments were confirmed as functional, reliable, and effective for integrated skills enhancement, before undertaking the pre-experimental long-term study that lays at the core of the project.
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Loewen, Peter V., i Robin Waugh. "FRIAR WILLIAM HEREBERT’S CAROLS RECONSIDERED". Early Music History 41 (październik 2022): 233–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0261127923000025.
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William Herebert’s Middle English poems, which appear in his Commonplace Book (c. 1314), have been undervalued by scholars. Yet, far from being a lonely purveyor of an ungainly series of translations, Herebert instead was a skillful adapter of Latin hymns into dance songs. Echoing his contemporaries and following the example of St Francis, Herebert revised the forms of two Latin poems, ‘Gloria, laus et honor’ and ‘Popule meus, quid feci tibi’, into two English lyrics: ‘Wele, heriȝyng and worshype’ and ‘My volk, what habbe y do þe?’ In doing so, he dealt imaginatively with poetic form, liturgical content, concepts of time and matching words to music – and he ended up producing early examples of English carols. Herebert’s achievements in dance song demonstrate that the seemingly outrageous idea of the dancing friar is not as alien to religious devotions as one might expect. We conclude with speculations concerning the performance of Herebert’s songs.
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Rikhardsdottir, Sif. "The Imperial Implications of Medieval Translations: Old Norse and Middle English Versions of Marie de France's Lais". Studies in Philology 105, nr 2 (2008): 144–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/sip.2008.0005.
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Michael, Bryane, i Abdelaziz Nouaydi. "When EU Law Meets Arabic Law: Assessment of Anti-Corruption Law in Morocco and Some Proposed Amendments". Arab Law Quarterly 23, nr 4 (2009): 353–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157302509x467362.
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AbstractThis article reviews the present state of the adoption of anti-corruption legal provisions usually adopted in EU (or candidate) countries in Morocco. Morocco lags behind many countries in its adoption of anti-corruption legislation, and the recently established Central Agency of the Prevention of Corruption is unlikely to succeed in speeding up the adoption of these measures. English language translations of a number of Moroccan anticorruption legal instruments are presented and amendments to these legal instruments are recommended (based on international best practice) in order to increase the likely effectiveness of Moroccan law enforcement institutions in fighting corruption.
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McElhanon, Kenneth A. "Cognitive Linguistics, Biblical Truth and Ethical Conduct". Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 19, nr 1 (2007): 119–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/jis2007191/27.
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In America's pluralistic society, the judiciary allows the legal defense tactic known as the cultural defense, by which aliens invoke the laws of their homeland to reduce a sentence or obtain a plea bargain. This tactic rests on public acceptarxe of several related relativisms-linguistic, conceptual, moral, and ethical. This essay claims that top-down approaches, whether in philosophical natural law or theological axioms, are irujdequate to counter relativism. In addressing relativism and truth, the Biblical notion of knowing Christ and the Father is shown to be grounded in knowledge as experience. Biblical truth is shown to be lived experientially, and expressed metaphorically in Greek, as how Christians walk on the journey of faith. English translations, however, substitute English metaphors that express truth as a manipulated object. Experiential truth serves as a unitary principle that accounts for conduct in recognized Biblical case studies of ethical dilemmas, and obviates ad hoc solutions.
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McIlfatrick-Ksenofontov, Miriam. "An Attempt to Account for Distributed Cognition in Translating the Poetry of Juhan Viiding". Interlitteraria 28, nr 1 (10.08.2023): 155–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/il.2023.28.1.12.
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This article continues the author’s research into the creative process of writing and translating poetry. It is preparatory work for translating the poetry of one of Estonia’s most widely read and appreciated poets, Juhan Viiding (1948–1995), who wrote under the pseudonym Jüri Üdi until 1978. It proposes that an understanding of Viiding’s work is enhanced when viewed in the wider human perspective of distributed cognition, as elaborated by neuroanthropologist Merlin Donald. In contrast to traditional approaches that look to socio-historical background to contextualise literature and translation research, the distributed cognition model places greater emphasis on the creative processes in culture that take place outside individual minds and focuses less on the capacities and talents of the author as the unique source of creativity. This approach is helpful for the translator of Viiding’s poetry who aspires to produce translated poems that do in another language what the original poems do in their language, for it entails thinking through language to access the working of the individual and the collective minds in the text. The significant role that social connections and public reception play in Viiding’s creative work is illustrated by an essay by Elo Viiding, a poet and Juhan Viiding’s daughter, in which she describes nine types of reader of Juhan Viiding’s poetry, each of which creates their own distinct ‘Juhan Viiding’. Drawing on poet and literary critic Hasso Krull’s study of Viiding’s poetry, Elo Viiding analyses Juhan Viiding’s method of negation as essential to his creative work and engagement with his audience. In this article the author lays theoretical groundwork for the translation of Juhan Viiding’s poetry into English.
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Cho, Paul K. K. "The Work of Translation". Harvard Theological Review 114, nr 2 (kwiecień 2021): 288–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017816021000183.
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Edward L. Greenstein, who has recently published a most accomplished translation of the biblical book of Job, gives an indication of the extent of the labor required to produce such a translation: “I have been deeply engaged by the challenges of the book of Job—its themes, literary affiliations, language, and poetics—for over four decades” (xvii). That Greenstein has more than endured what he rightly characterizes as “this intimate endeavor” (xvii), including especially “the painstaking work of original philological investigation” (xviii), demonstrates that he is not only a long-suffering “scholar of difficult language” but indeed a “lover of words,” and of the work of words (ix). Further proof of his love lies in the stated altruism of his goals (xvii). He has aimed “to make good sense of the text of Job” and “to convey something of the text’s poetics” (x, xxxvi). That is, he has tried to recreate in English something of the theological and literary genius of the ancient Joban writers, better than others have done previously. And fellow students of Job and lovers of words, including the present author, owe a debt of gratitude to Greenstein for his labor of love and this work of translation. For, true to his goals, the still enigmatic biblical book begins to make (stunning) good sense and, here and there, lays bare more of its (sinuous) literary genius in Greenstein’s new translation.1
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LOKTIONOV, VALERY M. "The type material of spider wasps (Hymenoptera, Pompilidae) deposited in the Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia". Zootaxa 5120, nr 2 (25.03.2022): 151–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5120.2.1.
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The type material of spider wasps deposited in the Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia is catalogued. In total, this includes 305 primary type specimens (31 holotypes and 274 paratypes) belonging to 62 species and 1 subspecies, described between 1962 and 2019 from Russia, Tajikistan, China, South Korea, Japan, Laos, Indonesia, and Sri Lanka. All 31 holotypes are illustrated with color photographs and black-and-white drawings. Photographs of the habitus, head, hypopygium and genitalia of three holotypes and photographs of the habitus and head of 23 holotypes are presented for the first time. References to the original description, type localities, current status, and distribution of taxa are given. Data on the labels of holotypes and paratypes with clarifications and English translations are provided.
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Gibbs, Tanya. "Seeking economic cyber security: a Middle Eastern example". Journal of Money Laundering Control 23, nr 2 (4.05.2020): 493–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmlc-09-2019-0076.
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Purpose The transformation of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) into an important global economic player has been accompanied by digitalization that has also left it at a risk to cybercrime. Concurrent with the rise in technology use, the UAE fast became one of the most targeted countries in the world. The purpose of this paper is to discuss how the UAE has tried to cope with accelerating levels of cyber threat using legislative and regulatory efforts as well as public- and private-sector initiatives meant to raise cybersecurity awareness. Design/methodology/approach The paper surveys the UAE’s cybersecurity legislative, regulatory and educational initiatives from 2003 to 2019. Findings Because the human factor still remains the number one reason for security breaches, robust cyber laws alone are not enough to protect against cyber threats. Building public awareness and educating internet users about cyber risks and safety have become essential components of the UAE's efforts in building a more secure cyber environment for the country. Research limitations/implications The paper relies on English-language translations of primary sources (laws) originally in Arabic, as well as English-language studies from local media. This should not be considered a problem, as English is established as the language of business and commerce in the UAE. Practical implications The paper provides a detailed overview of the country’s cybersecurity environment to guide and aide practitioners with risk assessment and legal and regulatory compliance. Originality/value The paper presents a comprehensive overview of the UAE’s cybersecurity legislative, regulatory and educational environment. It also surveys government and private sector initiatives directed in protecting the country’s cyberspace.
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Kantzia, Emmanouela. "Happiness after death? Demetrios Capetanakis on philosophy and Proust". Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies 41, nr 1 (16.03.2017): 119–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/byz.2016.32.
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Demetrios Capetanakis was one of the first writers to introduce Marcel Proust to the Greek public in the 1930s. His study of Proust's philosophy (hitherto known only in the English and Greek translations of a lecture he delivered in French) survives in manuscript form, both in French and in an earlier German version. An examination of these texts in the context of Proust's early reception allows us to follow Capetanakis’ intellectual trajectory, as well as to sketch his particular joint approach to literature and philosophy, which is largely indebted to the works of Plato and Kierkegaard. Capetanakis seeks Proust's philosophy not in the universal laws put forth in his novel, but in the writer's attempt to conceal behind them the real pain and agony that marked his own life. This leads him to a rather unusual philosophical reading of Proust's novel and, in the process, of Plato's Phaedrus.
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Lindenberger, Thomas. "From Structuralism to Culturalism: The Protracted German Reception ofThe Making of the English Working Classand its Actuality Reassessed from a Post-Cold War Perspective". International Review of Social History 61, nr 1 (kwiecień 2016): 11–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859016000043.
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AbstractBased on the author’s experience as one of the German translators ofThe Making, this article lays out its protracted and contradictory reception in Germany. When E.P. Thompson’smagnum opuswas published fifty years ago, German scholars on both sides of the Iron Curtain failed to take note of it for several years. The relatively muted reception in West Germany during the 1970s was marked by its dismissal as theory-lacking and “subjectivist”. Examining the contrasting contexts of postwar Britain, with its popular anti-fascist experience, and post-fascist West Germany helps to understand why Thompson’s “empirical idiom” of class history failed to strike a chord at the time with leading representatives of the new generation of “progressive” social historians in Germany and a broader reading public. It was only with the arrival ofAlltagsgeschichte, feminist history, and, more generally, the cultural turn in humanities thatThe Makingand its German translation became a canonical point of reference both in working-class history and the wider humanities. A brief epilogue discusses its lasting potential for a historical understanding of today’s processes of post-Cold War class formation and human rights struggles.
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Gibbs, Tanya. "Whistleblowing: protection or discouragement". Journal of Money Laundering Control 23, nr 3 (15.07.2020): 591–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmlc-03-2020-0031.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to survey UAE legislative initiatives affecting whistleblowing. Many studies claim that whistleblowing is one of the most effective mechanisms in fighting corruption. Either done merely to satisfy regulatory requirements or in genuine efforts to counter internal fraud, many organizations around the world incorporate whistleblowing programs. However, a lack of comprehensive whistleblower protection remains the main impediment for reporting misconduct or wrongdoing. A country’s legislative framework and its cultural and socio-economic specifics impact the effectiveness of such protective measures. Moreover, in the absence of comprehensive, stand-alone whistleblowing laws, whistleblowers can become victims not only of employers’ retaliatory actions but also of criminal and civil charges. Design/methodology/approach This paper surveys the UAE law and regulations in regard to whistleblower protection. It also raises concerns regarding their effectiveness based on the county’s unique socio-economic and cultural environment and their interplay with other legislations, which can potentially make whistleblowing a criminal offense. Findings In the absence of stand-alone whistleblowing legislation, cultural aspects and other laws can serve as deterrents for whistleblowers. It is crucial for a jurisdiction to set up an effective legal and regulatory framework to enable synergy across different laws and agencies involved. Implementation of comprehensive, stand-alone whistleblowing legislation might help provide legal certainty and clarity. Research limitations/implications In the absence of empirical studies on UAE whistleblowing, the researcher primarily relied on English translations of the country’s laws and regulations, official press releases and English media sources. Practical implications This study introduces relevant background to organizations establishing their own whistleblowing policies and employee training. Originality/value This paper examines the effectiveness of whistleblowing legislative initiatives through the prism of the country’s cultural, socio-economic and legal environment.
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Sopjani, Valentina, i Vjosa Hamiti. "Challenges in the translation of legal texts: the case in Kosovo". Comparative Legilinguistics 52 (9.01.2023): 351–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/cl.52.2022.15.
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Our paper conducts a contrastive analysis between Albanian and English lexical units in the language of laws using corpora analysis. It fills a literature gap related to Corpus linguistics in order to better comprehend patterns of legal lexicon. We use KWIC Concordance to extract the top frequently words and concordance lines in order to analyse differences and similarities among lexical units in Albanian (Source Language) and English (Target Language) laws, compared to those identified in respective corpora. Additionally, we identify types of errors in translation, difficulties in translating legal texts, and factors that influence translators’ errors in translating certain laws of the Republic of Kosovo from Albanian into English. According to our analysis, both languages have in common the use of the same grammatical patterns such as: conjunctions, prepositions, and the use of the common noun forms. The rest have significant differences in their usage, especially with regards to particles and determiners. Our contrastive approach demonstrates that some of these laws were not originally written in Albanian and then translated into English language, as many articles within these laws lack the appropriate word structure and word order and in some cases are semantically ill-formed in the Source Language.
Key words: analysis, corpus, language, legal, translation, KWIC Concordance.
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Sofyan, Rudy, i Rusdi Noor Rosa. "Problems and Strategies in Translating Legal Texts". Humanus 20, nr 2 (31.12.2021): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/humanus.v20i2.112233.
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Translating legal texts is considered as the most difficult translation task as it needs accurate and correct translation, and even minor errors can result in lawsuits and legal exposure. This paper aims at finding out the translation problems and formulating the strategies best applicable in translating legal texts from bahasa Indonesia into English. This is a descriptive study using a document analysis as the method. The data were 15 legal texts having been translated from bahasa Indonesia into English by semi-professional translators. In analysing the data, the document analysis was carried out by skimming, reading, and interpreting the translated legal texts. The results of data analysis reveal three general problems in translating legal texts done by the semi-professional translators, including finding the right equivalent, translator’s insufficient knowledge of English legal language and source text decoding. To overcome such problems, four strategies are proposed: (i) utilizing online resources, (ii) finding the proposition of the legal sentence, (iii) using a description technique, and (iv) employing functional approach to translation. It is concluded that translating legal texts requires translator’s good knowledge of applicable laws and language competence in both the source language and target language.
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Akram, Noor. "https://habibiaislamicus.com/index.php/hirj/article/view/287". Habibia Islamicus 7, nr 3 (30.09.2023): 01–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.47720/hi.2023.0703u01.
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Judaism is one of the most mysterious religions in the world. Despite the large number of Jews in the world, people are generally unable to know about Jewish customs and traditions. There are many reasons for this mystery. One of them is that this religion only accepts people of a certain race, due to which other people are generally ignorant of their religious thought, philosophy, and practice. The other reason for their mysteriousness is their different religious calendar system. Their names of months, counting of years, and festivals are neither entirely on the solar calendar nor entirely on the lunar calendar. The books of the People of the Book have been of great importance to the people of Islam because our book, the Holy Quran repeatedly refers to them. Christian literature is easy to obtain as it is available in every language. In contrast, Jewish literature has been available only in Hebrew. And the translations in English are not available to the common man. But for the past two or three years, English translations of Jewish religious books have become available online. The Jewish religious literature is indeed divided into two main parts: the Tanakh and the Talmud. The Tanakh, also known as the Hebrew Bible, is further divided into three sections: the Torah, the Nevi'im (Prophets), and the Ketuvim (Writings). Each section contains various books and writings that are significant to the Jewish faith. The Torah, which is the first part of the Tanakh, consists of the five books of Moses: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy. It contains the foundational laws, commandments, and teachings that guide Jewish religious practice. The Nevi'im, or the Prophets, includes books that contain the messages, prophecies, and narratives of the Jewish prophets throughout history. It provides insights into the moral and spiritual guidance of the Jewish people. The Ketuvim, or the Writings, consists of various books, including Psalms, Proverbs, Job, and others. It contains poetry, wisdom literature, songs, and stories that offer spiritual and practical guidance to Jewish individuals and communities. The Talmud is a compilation of Jewish teachings and discussions that expand upon the laws and principles outlined in the Tanakh. The Talmud is divided into two main parts: the Mishnah and the Gemara. The Mishnah is a collection of oral traditions and teachings of Jewish law, while the Gemara provides commentaries and discussions on the Mishnah. Together, the Tanakh and the Talmud form the foundation of Jewish religious literature, providing guidance, teachings, and insights into the faith and its practices. They are essential sources for understanding Jewish theology, ethics, and legal principles.
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Jordan, William Chester. "Petitions from Lincolnshire c. 1200‐c. 1500, ed. Gwilym Dodd and Alison K. McHardy. Publications of the Lincoln Record Society 108. Woodbridge, UK: Boydell Press, 2020, pp. lxvi, 375." Mediaevistik 34, nr 1 (1.01.2021): 521–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3726/med.2021.01.145.
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Abstract: The editors’ intention in publishing this selection of 190 petitions to the English royal government from the county of Lincolnshire is to reveal the range of problems the king’s subjects faced in the region. They provide a fine introduction that discusses the characteristics of the records, including the rhetorical strategies employed in petitioning, and the political and economic background of life in the county. Lincolnshire was a large region, mostly agricultural in nature but there were a few mid-sized towns, notably the county seat, Lincoln, and the port of Boston. Their problems were rather different from those of the villages, and the editors devote a section of the introduction to these urban issues. Another section of the introduction addresses ecclesiastical matters, and a brief conclusion lays out the editorial protocols the editors have followed. The editors attempt to date each petition, offer a transcription and translation of each and provide copious and very helpful notes as well as other pertinent records to allow for the identification of parties and witnesses and the proper understanding of the disputes that led men and women – mostly men – of all stations to seek the aid of the crown. There is an excellent index, which will facilitate use of the volume.
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Rudnytsky, Peter L. "Rescuing Psychoanalysis from Freud: The Common Project of Stekel, Jung and Ferenczi". Psychoanalysis and History 8, nr 1 (styczeń 2006): 125–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/pah.2006.8.1.125.
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This article offers an extended discussion of Wilhelm Stekel's ‘On the History of the Analytic Movement’ (1926), published in English translation for the first time in Psychoanalysis and History 7(1) in 2005. It begins with a critique of the presentation of Stekel's text by Jaap Bos,who takes a purely rhetorical approach that seeks to exclude a psychological analysis of the author's motives. Bos's characterization of Stekel is likewise contested as unduly negative in crucial respects. The second section argues that it remains the task of the historian to search for truth. Attacks on the credibility of Jung by Harold Blum and Kurt Eissler are shown to reflect a bias that causes them to neglect the empirical evidence corroborating Jung's testimony concerning key events in his relationship to Freud. The third section lays out the numerous ways in which Stekel, Jung and Ferenczi independently arrived at remarkably similar judgements concerning Freud's character, and how his human failings exerted a harmful effect on the development of psychoanalysis. The final section moves to a discussion of how Stekel joins with Jung and Ferenczi in defining a common project of rescuing what is best in psychoanalysis from Freud's demands for personal loyalty and his attempts to subjugate his followers to intellectual tyranny.