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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Law not elsewhere classified”

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Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021

Data aktualizacji: 29 stycznia 2023

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1

Chaiyarat, Rattanawat, Namphung Youngpoy, Praeploy Kongsurakan i Seree Nakbun. "Habitat preferences of reintroduced banteng (Bos javanicus) into the Salakphra Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand". Wildlife Research 46, nr 7 (2019): 573. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr18184.

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Abstract ContextLarge forest-dwelling mammals are highly sensitive to habitat structure. Thus, understanding the responses of reintroduced banteng (Bos javanicus d’Alton 1823) to their habitat is important for ensuring the sustainability of a reintroduction program. AimsThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the habitat preferences of banteng after reintroduction into the Salakphra Wildlife Sanctuary in Thailand on the basis of fieldwork conducted between January 2015 and November 2017. MethodsSeven banteng individuals bred at the Khao Nampu Nature and Wildlife Education Center were systematically reintroduced into the Salakphra Wildlife Sanctuary in 2015 (four individuals) and 2016 (three individuals). The banteng individuals were tracked via radio-collars and camera-traps. The maximum-entropy method (MaxEnt) and multiple logistic regressions (MLR) were used to identify habitat preferences. Kernel-density estimates (KDE) and a minimum convex polygon (MCP) were used to estimate the area of the habitat used. Key resultsIn total, 407 radio-signal locations showed that the MaxEnt habitat-preference models classified the banteng as associated with distance from villages and salt licks (regularised training gain of >1.0). Multiple logistic regressions form 32 camera-trap locations classified the banteng as associated with low elevations far from villages, guard stations and roads in a flat area (no aspect). The two methods for estimating habitat use provided similar results and showed that the reintroduced banteng used a wider range of habitat in the dry than in the wet season. ConclusionsThe results from the present study suggest that the reintroduced banteng individuals prefer low elevations and flat areas without human activity. ImplicationsThese findings are important for possible translocations elsewhere.

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Tsiftsis, Spyros. "The role of Natura 2000 network in protecting the orchid flora of East Macedonia (NE Greece)". EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES 11, nr 2 (14.12.2021): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/23361964.2021.8.

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East Macedonia (northeast Greece) is a relatively small part of Greece, where a considerable number of orchid taxa occurs. Some of these orchids can only be found there and this fact makes the specific area of Greece unique. In this study, an up-to date database of orchid records was used to assess the effectiveness of the existing Natura 2000 network. Specifically, the effectiveness of the Natura 2000 network was evaluated by identifying the number of orchids whose distribution is overlapping to a lesser or greater extent with the network, which chorological categories are included/excluded from it, and whether the rare and threatened orchid taxa are adequately distributed within that. Out of the 73 orchid taxa recorded in East Macedonia so far, 14 taxa are exclusively distributed outside the Natura 2000 network. Specifically, the Natura 2000 network is not overlapped with a number of Balkan and Mediterranean orchid taxa, which are only sparsely found in East Macedonia. Moreover, most of the orchid taxa that have been classified in the threat categories of the IUCN are distributed within the Natura 2000 network of East Macedonia, and specifically, some of the most threatened ones are almost exclusively distributed within that network. Consequently, although the Natura 2000 network is not congruent with the distribution of a number of species of southern origin, which are widely distributed elsewhere in Greece, it can conserve important floristic elements of Greece, which are orchid taxa of northern or central European origin.

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Soroka, Marianna, Barbara Wasowicz i Katarzyna Zając. "Conservation status and a novel restoration of the endangered freshwater mussel Unio crassus Philipsson, 1788: Poland case". Knowledge & Management of Aquatic Ecosystems, nr 422 (2021): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/kmae/2021003.

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Bivalves play an important part in freshwater ecosystems and improve water quality; the thick-shelled river mussel Unio crassus is classified as a bioindicator. Unfortunately, the species is regarded as endangered and is under species protection in the whole of Europe. The reasons for the drastic decline of its populations are: considerable eutrophication of waters, anthropogenic influence in its broad sense and the presence of invasive species. The life cycle of U. crassus includes the stage of larva which is an obligatory parasite of fish. This makes it possible for the species to disperse and populate new territories but it limits the development to places where appropriate host species are available. Intensive measures have been taken in Poland to protect U. crassus, while in France numerous new localities of the species have been bar-coded. In 2010–2014 active protection measures were taken in southern Poland, including inventorying, studies of genetic diversity and reintroductions. The project contributed to the increase in population abundance and in the number of localities of the thick-shelled river mussel, which resulted in a twofold increase in the range of occurrence of the species in the river. The procedures presented here can and should be used in further restitution of U. crassus not only in Poland but also elsewhere in Europe.

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Ridgway, Jessica P., Jessica Schmitt, Ellen Almirol, Monique Millington, Erika Harding i David Pitrak. "Electronic data sharing between public health department and clinical providers improves accuracy of HIV retention data". Open Forum Infectious Diseases 4, suppl_1 (2017): S421—S422. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofx163.1059.

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Abstract Background Retention in care is critical for treatment and prevention of HIV. Many HIV care clinics measure retention rate, but data are often incomplete for patients who are classified as lost to follow-up but may be actually in care elsewhere, moved, or died. The Data to Care (D2C) initiative supports data sharing between health departments and HIV providers to confirm patient care status and facilitate reengagement efforts for out of care HIV patients. Methods The University of Chicago Medicine (UCM) provided an electronic list to the Chicago Department of Public Health (CDPH) of adult HIV-positive patients whose retention status was not certain. Retention in care was defined as at least 2 visits >90 days apart within the prior 12 months. CDPH matched this list of patients with data from the Chicago electronic HIV surveillance database. Matches were based on patient name, including alternative spellings and phonetics, and birth date. CDPH also cross-checked patient names with the CDC’s national enhanced HIV-AIDS Reporting System (eHARS) database. CDPH provided UCM with patient current care status, i.e., patient was in care elsewhere (as verified by lab data), moved out of state, or deceased. Results 780 HIV-positive patients received care in the UCM adult HIV clinic from January 1, 2013 to March 31, 2017. Of these, 360 were retained in care as of March 2017. We shared data with CDPH for 492 patients. Of these, 294 (59.8%) were matched, and 168 (34.1%) had a date of last medical care provided. See Table 1 for patient dispositions, before and after data sharing. 24 (13.4%) of patients believed to be lost to follow up according to UCM records were confirmed either transferred care or deceased according to health department data. Conclusion Data sharing between the health department and HIV providers can improve data accuracy regarding retention in care among people living with HIV. Disclosures J. P. Ridgway, Gilead FOCUS: Grant Investigator, Grant recipient; D. Pitrak, Gilead Sciences FOCUS: Grant Investigator, Grant recipient

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Mutze, Greg, Ron Sinclair, David Peacock, John Kovaliski i Lorenzo Capucci. "Does a benign calicivirus reduce the effectiveness of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) in Australia? Experimental evidence from field releases of RHDV on bait". Wildlife Research 37, nr 4 (2010): 311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr09162.

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Context. European rabbits are serious environmental and agricultural pests throughout their range in Australia. Rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) greatly reduced rabbit numbers in arid central Australia but had less impact in cooler, higher-rainfall areas. RHDV-like benign caliciviruses (bCVs) have been implicated in limiting the impact of RHDV in the higher-rainfall regions of Australia and also in Europe. Aims. Experimental releases of RHDV on bait were tested as a means of initiating disease outbreaks. Serological evidence of antibodies to bCVs was examined to determine whether they reduce mortality rates and/or spread of the released RHDV, and how that might influence the effectiveness of future RHDV releases for rabbit management. Methods. Four experimental releases were conducted in high-rainfall and coastal regions of southern Australia. Virus activity was implied from recapture rates and serological changes in marked rabbits, and genetic sequencing of virus recovered from dead rabbits. Changes in rabbit abundance were estimated from spotlight transect counts. Key results. Release of RHDV on bait produced disease outbreaks that challenged almost all animals within the general release area and spread up to 4 km beyond the release sites. Recapture rates were high in marked rabbits that possessed antibodies from previous exposure to RHDV and extremely low amongst rabbits that lacked any detectable antibodies. Rabbits carrying antibodies classified as being due to previous infection with bCVs had recapture rates that were dependent on circulating antibody titre and were ~55% of recapture rates in rabbits with clear antibodies to RHDV. Conclusions. This is the first quantified evidence that antibodies produced against bCVs provide significant protection against RHD outbreaks in field populations of rabbits. Implications. bCVs can greatly reduce the impact of RHDV on wild-rabbit populations in Australia and presumably elsewhere. RHDV can be effectively released on bait although further releases are likely to be of minor or inconsistent benefit for controlling rabbit numbers where bCVs are common.

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Smith, Geoffrey C., Michael Mathieson i Luke Hogan. "Home range and habitat use of a low-density population of greater gliders, Petauroides volans (Pseudocheiridae: Marsupialia), in a hollow-limiting environment". Wildlife Research 34, nr 6 (2007): 472. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr06063.

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Greater gliders, Petauroides volans, were radio-tracked within a large tract of forest in the dry inland of southern Queensland. This forest has been commercially logged for timber for more than 100 years. Home-range estimates ranged from 1.4 ha (female) to 19.3 ha (male). Minimum convex polygon (MCP) estimates were larger for males (average, 11.5 ha) than females (average, 3.3 ha) and combined (6.8 ha, sexes pooled) were larger than estimates from other Australian populations. Gliders were located foraging in myrtaceous tree species only, using mostly Eucalyptus moluccana, E. fibrosa and Corymbia citriodora. E. moluccana was used for foraging more frequently than would be expected on the basis of its availability in the forest. E. fibrosa and C. citriodora were used in proportion to their availability in the forest. Gliders were not seen foraging in non-myrtaceous species or myrtaceous trees <20 cm diameter at breast height (dbh), preferring trees in 30–70-cm dbh classes and as ‘mature’ and ‘over-mature’ classified according to growth-stage characteristics. Den tree species included the same species used for foraging as well as dead trees (16% of den trees). E. fibrosa and E. tereticornis were preferred significantly more than expected by their availability in the forest. Non-myrtaceous species were not used as live den trees. Large (dbh >50 cm) and old living trees (in deteriorating and senescent condition: ‘late mature’ and ‘over-mature’ categories) were primarily used as den trees. Individual gliders utilised 4–20 den trees. Females utilised more den trees per unit area of home range (3.8 den trees ha–1, maximum) than males (0.9 den trees ha–1, maximum). Fewer den trees were used per unit area of home range than by gliders at a coastal location with approximately the same latitude. The density of live stems containing hollows suitable as dens is currently lower than 1 tree ha–1 in some parts of the study forest. Gliders were two and half times less likely to be observed during standardised spotlighting surveys in the study area than elsewhere in southern Queensland. It is likely that low availability of den trees is contributing to large home ranges and the apparent low population density observed in this study.

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REICHMAN, R. "Law Elsewhere". Novel: A Forum on Fiction 37, nr 3 (1.06.2004): 358–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/ddnov.037030358.

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Du Bois-Pedain, Antje. "SEEKING HEALTHCARE ELSEWHERE". Cambridge Law Journal 66, nr 1 (marzec 2007): 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008197307000359.

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Duron, Rebecca, Michael Mugavero i Andrew Westfall. "2497". Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 1, S1 (wrzesień 2017): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2017.286.

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OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Approximately 50% of people who have been diagnosed with HIV are either not linked to a care provider or not retained in medical care. This has substantial implications for both individual and public health outcomes. On an individual level, being retained in care is necessary for continuous receipt of antiretroviral therapy and sustained viral suppression. The public health implications of poor retention in HIV care are also serious, as it is estimated that people with HIV who are not retained in medical care are responsible for a majority of HIV transmissions, even more than the number of transmissions attributable to those who are HIV infected but undiagnosed. State departments of health routinely collect surveillance data including positive HIV test results, CD4 counts and viral load measures for monitoring trends in HIV infection. A shift in the use of these surveillance measures, guided by the CDC, has brought forth the opportunity to use these data for direct patient services and, more specifically, to direct re-engagement and retention in care efforts. Although the risk factors for poor retention in HIV care have been characterized using information from individual or multiple clinics, this study seeks to incorporate state surveillance data into the retention measures. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: This retrospective cohort study was performed at the University of Alabama at Birmingham 1917 HIV/AIDS Clinic among patients with at least one attended HIV primary care visit during the calendar year of 2015. Retention during the calendar year of 2016 was then measured as whether or not a patient had 2 or more completed clinic visits which were separated by more than 90 days (in accordance with the Health Resources and Services Administration or HRSA guidelines, a National HIV Quality Indicator). For patients who did not have any primary care visit in 2016, the Alabama Department of Public Health will provide a status of care (out of care, in care elsewhere, died, moved out of state, and cannot locate) based on HIV laboratory results reported from all clinics and labs across the state and/or mortality information. A multinominal regression model of the status of care will be fitted to demographic, clinical, laboratory, and behavioral patient reported outcomes captured during an index visit in 2015. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Data were recently obtained and is currently being analyzed on 3107 patients included in this study. We anticipate that there will be differences in the factors significantly associated with patients classified as out of care, poorly retained (patients who have only one completed clinic visit), and retained in care by the HRSA measure during calendar year 2016. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: By incorporating state surveillance data into our analysis, we expect to obtain a more precise picture of the risk factors for poor retention among HIV patients. For the first time, we will be able to determine if patients lost to our HIV clinic (~10% annually) are entirely lost to medical care or are seeking care elsewhere as indicated by HIV lab data reported to public health via surveillance. Identified risk factors will then be able to better inform the efforts to proactively improve the efficiency for HIV patient retention and re-engagement, and therefore lead to better individual outcomes for HIV patients and reduce the incidence of new HIV cases.

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TAYLOR, SAVITRI. "Protection Elsewhere/Nowhere". International Journal of Refugee Law 18, nr 2 (1.06.2006): 283–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijrl/eel007.

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Brown, Tiffany A., Pamela K. Keel i Ruth H. Striegel. "Feeding and Eating Conditions Not Elsewhere Classified (NEC) inDSM-5". Psychiatric Annals 42, nr 11 (1.11.2012): 421–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/00485713-20121105-08.

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Weerman, Frank M., Paul Harland i Peter H. van der Laan. "Misbehavior at School and Delinquency Elsewhere". Criminal Justice Review 32, nr 4 (grudzień 2007): 358–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734016807311905.

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Rodger, Alan. "V. Vadimonium to Rome (and Elsewhere)". Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte: Romanistische Abteilung 114, nr 1 (1.08.1997): 160–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.7767/zrgra.1997.114.1.160.

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Stevens, George E. "Classified Advertising & the Law". Newspaper Research Journal 11, nr 4 (wrzesień 1990): 94–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073953299001100410.

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Swartz, L. Mick. "The Massachusetts Classified Board Law". Journal of Economics and Finance 22, nr 1 (marzec 1998): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02823230.

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Dalton, P., i P. Woodward. "Clinical education: Go elsewhere for your hart transplant". Liverpool Law Review 9, nr 2 (1987): 103–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01079936.

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Louis, David N., Pieter Wesseling, Werner Paulus, Caterina Giannini, Tracy T. Batchelor, J. Gregory Cairncross, David Capper i in. "cIMPACT-NOW update 1: Not Otherwise Specified (NOS) and Not Elsewhere Classified (NEC)". Acta Neuropathologica 135, nr 3 (25.01.2018): 481–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00401-018-1808-0.

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Nonggorr, John. "The copyright law and Papua New Guinea". Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 2, nr 1 (1.11.1995): 58–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v2i1.538.

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Papua New Guineans would not be impressed by fancy arguments advanced elsewhere —that it is immoral to copy somebody else's work and that a country should adopt copyright laws to enhance its international standing.

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Gordon-Till, Jonathan. "Competitive Intelligence – Law and Ethics". Legal Information Management 4, nr 1 (marzec 2004): 17–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1472669603001075.

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Elsewhere in this journal Arthur Weiss's review of competitive intelligence for legal professionals is careful to point out that CI is a lawful and ethical process. It is not, as some senior managers still believe, a cloak-and-dagger shady activity carried out by unscrupulous managers in the FMCG (fast moving consumer goods), hi-tech or pharmaceutical sectors.

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2015 Program Committee, BRASS. "From Committees of RUSA: BRASS Program: Not Elsewhere Classified: Researching New and Niche Industries". Reference & User Services Quarterly 55, nr 2 (16.12.2015): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/rusq.55n2.156.

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The Business Research and Services Section (BRASS) 2015 program was directed to business research professionals who may be stymied by researcher requests related to newer or niche industries. In a stimulating ninety-minute session, two top research professionals informed, confronted and engaged their American Library Association (ALA) audience with their well-paced array of smart search strategies and sources designed to meet industry challenges. The presentation was effective in identifying research workaround strategies and tying real industry problems with practical, on-the-job solutions.The material provided here and the bibliography of sources may serve as additional resources for emerging industry queries of library users. The BRASS program presentation is available via this ALA conference website (http://alaac15.ala.org/node/28603).

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Burford, C., R. Laxton, Z. Sidhu, M. Aizpurua, A. King, I. Bodi, K. Ashkan i S. Al-Sarraj. "ATRX immunohistochemistry can help refine ‘not elsewhere classified’ categorisation for grade II/III gliomas". British Journal of Neurosurgery 33, nr 5 (24.04.2019): 536–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02688697.2019.1600657.

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Chapman, Alec B., Kelly Peterson, Wathsala Widanagamaachchi i Makoto M. Jones. "616. Predicting Misdiagnoses of Infectious Disease in Emergency Department Visits". Open Forum Infectious Diseases 8, Supplement_1 (1.11.2021): S411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofab466.814.

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Abstract Background Diagnostic error leads to delays of care and mistaken therapeutic decisions that can cascade in a downward spiral. Thus, it is important to make accurate diagnostic decisions early on in the clinical care process, such as in the emergency department (ED). Clinical data from the Electronic Health Record (EHR) could identify cases where an initial diagnosis appears unusual in context. This capability could be developed into a quality measure for feedback. To that end, we trained a multiclass machine learning classifier to predict infectious disease diagnoses following an ED visit. Methods To train and evaluate our classifier, we sampled ED visits between December 31, 2016, and December 31, 2019, from Veterans Affairs (VA) Corporate Data Warehouse (CDW). Data elements used for prediction included lab orders and results, medication orders, radiology procedures, and vital signs. A multiclass XGBoost classifier was trained to predict one of five infectious disease classes for each ED visit based on the clinical variables extracted from CDW. Our model was trained on an enriched sample of 916,562 ED visits and evaluated on a non-enriched blind testing set of 356,549 visits. We compared our model against an ensemble of univariate Logistic Regression models as a baseline. Our model was trained to predict for an ED visit one of five infectious disease classes or “No Infection”. Labels were assigned to each ED visit based on ICD-9/10-CM diagnosis codes used elsewhere and other structured EHR data associated with a patient between 24 hours prior to an ED visit and 48 hours after. Results Classifier performance varied across each of the five disease classes (Table 1). The classifier achieved the highest F1 and AUC for UTI, the lowest F1 for Sepsis, and the lowest AUC for URI. We compared the average precision, recall and F1 scores of the multiclass XGBoost with the ensemble of Logistic Regression models (Table 2). XGBoost achieved higher scores in all three metrics. Table 1. Classification performance XGBoost testing set performance in each disease class, visits with no labels, and macro average. The infectious disease classes with the highest score in each metric are shown in bold. Table 2. Baseline comparison Macro average scores for XGBoost and baseline classifiers. Conclusion We trained a model to predict infectious disease diagnoses in the Emergency Department setting. Future work will further explore this technique and combine our supervised classifier with additional signs of medical error such as increased mortality or anomalous treatment patterns in order to study medical misdiagnosis. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

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Dakskobler, Igor, Andrej Martinčič i Daniel Rojšek. "Phytosociological Analysis Of Communities With Adiantum Capillusveneris In The Foothills Of The Julian Alps (Western Slovenia)". Hacquetia 13, nr 2 (1.12.2014): 235–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hacq-2014-0016.

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Abstract We conducted a phytosociological study of the communities hosting the rare and endangered fern Adiantum capillus-veneris in the foothills of the Julian Alps, in Karst and in Istria. Based on a comparison with similar communities elsewhere in the southern Alps (northern Italy) we classified most of the recorded stands into the syntaxa Eucladio-Adiantetum eucladietosum and -cratoneuretosum commutati. Releves from the southern Julian Alps, located in comparatively slightly colder and moister local climate and the dolomite bedrock are classified into the new subassociation -hymenostylietosum recurvirostri subass. nova. Stands with the abundant occurrence of the liverwort Conocephalum conicum, are classified in to the new subassociation -conocephaletosum conici subass. nova. Stands in conglomerate rock shelters along the Soča at Solkan are classified into the new association Phyteumato columnae-Adiantetum ass. nova, a community of transitional character between the classes Adiantetea capilli-veneris and Asplenietea trichomanis.

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Morin, Me Fernand. "Fragilité des limites conventionnelles à l’arbitrage de grief : l’arrêt Parry Sound". Commentaire 58, nr 4 (23.03.2004): 690–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/007822ar.

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Abstract In a recent ruling (Parry Sound (District) Social Services Administration Board v. O.P.S.E.U., Local 324, 2003 SCC 42), the Supreme Court of Canada states that an arbitrator has jurisdiction to hear a dispute that involves rights guaranteed by codes, charters and employment legislation even if the arbitrator has been barred from such recourse under a collective agreement. In the case at issue, an employee with probationary status benefited from maternity leave and was discharged upon her return. Despite the clarity of the wording under the collective agreement stating that a probationary employee may not resort to arbitration, a grievance was filed and was worded as follows: [Translation] “. . . was discharged without reason and this decision is arbitrary, discriminatory, unjust and vitiated by bad faith.” Owing to the rights vesting in the employee under the Employment Standards Act (Ontario), the Board of Arbitration ruled on its own jurisdiction to hear such a grievance. This decision was quashed in judicial review (Superior Court) and but was then upheld in Court of Appeal and once again by the Supreme Court of Canada (majority 7/9). The Supreme Court of Canada began by making several observations concerning the criteria of judgment applicable to judicial review, namely that which is considered patently unreasonable. An attempt was made to distinguish between an unreasonable decision and one that would be patently unreasonable. It seems to us that such a distinction remains ambiguous and further confuses the exercising of a fair judicial review; unreasonableness should not be graded by degrees. In a second approach, the ruling establishes the relationship between State standards (Codes, Charters and employment legislation) and contractual standards. Working from the basis that State standards would be incorporated into the collective agreement, the Court establishes that the limit imposed upon the collective agreement regarding access to arbitration had the practical effect of denying the right to maternity leave, elsewhere guaranteed by law. For this reason, the arbitrator had to intervene and exercise control in order to ensure respect for established standards of public order. To achieve these ends, the Supreme Court of Canada seemed to experience considerable difficulty in qualifying the collective agreement and classified it in the category of private contracts. Such a categorization, confined to the traditional “public/private” dichotomy, dismisses the true legal and desired effect seeking to make the collective agreement a regulatory labour provision complementary to statutes governing public order and intimately related to the latter. In support of his line of reasoning, Judge Iacobucci, on behalf of the majority (7/9), repeatedly referred to the ruling: McLeod v. Egan, [1975] 1 S.C.R. 517. The referrals denied under this ruling are hardly convincing and uselessly weigh down the reasoning. Moreover, Judge Major (dissenting) also referred to it and considered that Judge Iacobucci was reading into the McLeod v. Egan ruling a purport that it just does not have. In all, we believe that the codes, charters and employment legislation serve as the basis upon which the collective agreement is built and, consequently, the parties’ contractual freedom both derives from this basis and is limited thereto. This interrelation would be analogous to that of the Constitution and employment statutes, without it being possible to affirm that the Constitution would be found to be a part of each of these statutes. This ruling is especially interesting because it recognizes the employee’s right to resort to arbitration in order to ensure respect for guarantees stipulated in employment legislation, despite wording to the contrary in the collective agreement. Parties to collective agreements and arbitrators must therefore respectively correct their approach and grant access to arbitration for all employees from the very moment that their fundamental rights are jeopardized in any way.

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Shuy, Roger W. "Language and the Law". Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 7 (marzec 1986): 50–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0267190500001641.

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The application of linguistics to other areas of life has occurred in a somewhat natural, if haphazard, fashion. The first and most obvious applications were to education (first and second language learning, teaching, and testing), lexicography, translation, and speech therapy (Crystal 1981). There has been rather long standing interest in other fields, such as medical interaction (Mishler 1984; cf., van Naerssen and Kaplan elsewhere in this volume) and religious language (Samarin 1976), but it has been only within the past few years that increasing amounts of linguistic knowledge have been applied to the field of law.

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Garanča, Biruta. "THE STRUCTURE OF MACHINERY BUILDING IN LATGALE AND PERSPECTIVES OF ITS DEVELOPMENT". Latgale National Economy Research 1, nr 1 (30.06.2009): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/lner2009vol1.1.1761.

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The financial facility of development of machinery building in Latgale is expected in manufacturing of electrical and optical equipment and in production of metal and metal ware. At present the proportion of production of leading machinery and equipment non-classified elsewhere, as well as of production of transport means has a tendency to reduce and also they have lesser probability to manage the financial crisis.

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Post, Harry. "The State of International Law in The Hague: Impact from Elsewhere". Hague Justice Journal 4, nr 3 (wrzesień 2009): 67–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5553/hjj/187742022009004002001.

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Bingham, T. H. "“There is a World Elsewhere”: The Changing Perspectives of English Law". International and Comparative Law Quarterly 41, nr 3 (lipiec 1992): 513–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iclqaj/41.3.513.

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Goldberg, David. "Should our major classifications of mental disorders be revised?" British Journal of Psychiatry 196, nr 4 (kwiecień 2010): 255–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.109.072405.

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SummaryOur major classification systems (DSM and ICD) face three main problems: the high rates of ‘comorbidity’ that are produced by our present diagnostic rules, the increasing use of ‘not elsewhere classified’ (NEC) by practising clinicians, and the fact that each new edition is longer and more complex than the one preceding it. A major simplification of the chapter structure used by each classification might pave the way to address these problems.

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30

Gangadhar, K., i D. Santhosh. "Primary Skull Osteosarcoma: MDCT Evaluation and Histopathological Correlation in Two Cases". Neuroradiology Journal 25, nr 2 (kwiecień 2012): 188–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/197140091202500206.

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Osteosarcomas are typically long bone tumors and rarely affect the skull, with most articles reporting single cases. As elsewhere in the body, these lesions may be classified as primary or secondary, chiefly post-Paget and post-radiation therapy. We describe two cases of primary osteosarcoma of skull one presenting with cerebellar symptoms and another with giant skull swelling. Complete evaluation with 64 slice CT and histopathological correlation was carried out.

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31

Iancu, Bogdan. "Post-Accession Constitutionalism With a Human Face: Judicial Reform and Lustration in Romania". European Constitutional Law Review 6, nr 1 (luty 2010): 28–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1574019610100030.

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Process of EU-driven constitutionalisation – Decision of Romanian Constitutional Court post-EU accession – Nullification of the Lustration Law to pre-accession judiciary reform processes – Lustration elsewhere considered a matter of collective guilt of confrontation with the past – Lustration in Romania related to legislative attempts to reform the judiciary

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32

Isoyama, Kyoko. "Law Related Education in Japan - Developments and Challenges". International Journal of Public Legal Education 3, nr 1 (31.05.2019): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.19164/ijple.v3i1.836.

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<p>The purpose of this paper is to discuss the current state of and challenges facing Law-Related Education (LRE) in Japan. What follows defines the concept of LRE, the particular characteristics of LRE in Japan, curriculum developments in Japan and elsewhere (especially the United States of America) and, specifically, the subject of justice studies in elementary and junior high schools.</p>

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33

Slovenko, Ralph. "Article Commentary: South Africa (and Elsewhere) in Focus". Journal of Psychiatry & Law 17, nr 2 (czerwiec 1989): 293–372. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009318538901700214.

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McMahon, Joe, i Robert Lane. "II. Competition Law". International and Comparative Law Quarterly 56, nr 2 (kwiecień 2007): 422–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iclq/lei171.

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The period under review (Autumn 2003–December 2006) saw in not only the expansion of the Union from 15 to 25 Member States, but also the attendant ‘big bang’, on 1 May 2004, in competition rules with the entry into operation of Regulations 1/2003 and 139/2004. The changes introduced by Regulation 1/20031—primarily abandoning the notification/authorization procedure which had obtained since 1962 in favour of a directly effective Article 81(3) and exception légale, and including further measures enabling/compelling the decentralized enforcement of Articles 81 and 82—are discussed in previous notes2 and (copiously) elsewhere, and it is not proposed to rerehearse them here. Rather, the concern is the manner in which the dust has settled, in what is, after the frenetic legislative change and the absorption of 10 new Member States into a new culture of competition, a time of consolidation.

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35

Robins, Caroline. "Employment Law SOS". Manufacturing Management 2020, nr 4 (kwiecień 2020): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/s2514-9768(22)90170-x.

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36

Body, David, i Jonathan Glasson. "Iatrogenic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease: litigation in the UK and elsewhere". Clinical Risk 11, nr 1 (styczeń 2005): 4–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/1356262052865153.

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37

Calvani, Terry. "Enforcement of Cartel Law in Ireland". Cambridge Yearbook of European Legal Studies 6 (2004): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5235/152888712802759449.

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Scientists are quick to admonish lawyers that anecdotal evidence may suggest avenues for investigation, but that it is little more. Conscious of this admonition, I suggest that (1) the American cartel enforcement experience is successful, and (2) its success is attributable to the criminalisation of the offence. This view is shared by others and was important in the decisions by both Ireland and the United Kingdom to criminalise competition offences. Moreover, the American experience underlay proposals elsewhere to adopt similar legislation. After briefly reviewing deterrence generally and the current American model, this article discusses the implementation of a criminal enforcement regime in Ireland.

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38

Weickhardt, George G. "The Pre-Petrine Law of Property". Slavic Review 52, nr 4 (1993): 663–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2499646.

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The development or lack of development of private property rights in Russia commands interest and significance far beyond the narrow confines of legal history. The institution of private property serves not only as a bulwark of stability but also as a limit to the state's authority. In the words of Richard Pipes, “Ownership of property creates a commitment to the political and legal order since the latter guarantees property rights: it makes the citizen into a co-sovereign, as it were.” Elsewhere Pipes notes that in the west private property “confronted royal power with effective limits to its authority.”

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39

Calvani, Terry. "Enforcement of Cartel Law in Ireland". Cambridge Yearbook of European Legal Studies 6 (2004): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s152888700000358x.

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Scientists are quick to admonish lawyers that anecdotal evidence may suggest avenues for investigation, but that it is little more. Conscious of this admonition, I suggest that (1) the American cartel enforcement experience is successful, and (2) its success is attributable to the criminalisation of the offence. This view is shared by others and was important in the decisions by both Ireland and the United Kingdom to criminalise competition offences. Moreover, the American experience underlay proposals elsewhere to adopt similar legislation. After briefly reviewing deterrence generally and the current American model, this article discusses the implementation of a criminal enforcement regime in Ireland.

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40

Benton, Lauren. "Colonizing Hawai'i and Colonizing Elsewhere: Toward a History of U.S. Imperial Law". Law Society Review 38, nr 4 (grudzień 2004): 835–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0023-9216.2004.00069.x.

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Sawers, Brian. "Property Law as Labor Control in the Postbellum South". Law and History Review 33, nr 2 (24.03.2015): 351–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0738248015000012.

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In 1860, unfenced land across the South was open to the public. No state criminalized trespass, and the range was closed in only part of one county. Elsewhere, some states had closed the range, but most unfenced land in the United States was open to the wanderer. In the former Confederacy, fresh elections were held in 1865, and legislatures moved quickly to criminalize trespass, restrict hunting and fishing, and close the range.

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42

Klabbers, Jan. "The Cheshire Cat That Is International Law". European Journal of International Law 31, nr 1 (luty 2020): 269–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ejil/chaa018.

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Abstract This brief article, partly a comment on the articles by Danae Azaria, Kristina Daugirdas and Orfeas Chasapis Tassinis elsewhere in this issue, suggests that when it comes to discussing the sources of international law international legal scholarship would do well to be sensitive to issues related to democracy, representativeness, accountability and other staples of political theory. No matter how brilliant doctrinal sources scholarship may be in its own right, sources doctrine, in particular, is never politically innocent. Such scholarship is both about taming politics and facilitating politics, and this realization, in turn, engages the judgment to realize which to apply when.

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Parker, Robert Nash, William R. Smith, D. Randall Smith i Jackson Toby. "Trends in victimization in schools and elsewhere, 1974?1981". Journal of Quantitative Criminology 7, nr 1 (marzec 1991): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01083129.

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MONNIOT, FRANÇOISE, i SUSANNA LÓPEZ-LEGENTIL. "Deep-sea ascidians from Papua New Guinea". Zootaxa 4276, nr 4 (14.06.2017): 529. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4276.4.5.

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Four deep-sea ascidian species collected during the KAVIENG 2014 expedition in Papua New Guinea are described, including additional characteristics not reported previously. Fimbrora calsubia is classified within the family Ascidiidae, Dicopia fimbriata and Octacnemus bythius within Octacnemidae, and Culeolus recumbens within Pyuridae. Anatomical observations confirmed previous descriptions for these four species collected elsewhere. Here, we describe additional morphological features for these species and provide the first barcode DNA sequences (based on a fragment of the mitochondrial gene Cytochrome Oxidase I) for D. fimbriata and C. recumbens.

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45

Glenn, H. Patrick. "Tradition in Religion and Law". Journal of Law and Religion 25, nr 2 (2009): 503–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0748081400001235.

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To what extent can human legal thought be encompassed by the divine and share its character, or alternatively, stand free of the divine and constitute an autonomous field of normativity? Answers to these large questions may understandably differ, yet answers appear both necessary and important. If human legal thought is somehow brought within the divine, it may share its immutable character, and ossify. Islamic law, at least in its Sunni variant, may currently represent an example of this. If human legal thought stands free of divinity, it may be fundamentally lacking in authority. Examples are found in failed states, and perhaps elsewhere. The religions and laws of the world therefore provide answers, often nuanced, to the questions, and even correctives to the answers they provide. The debate turns around the notion of tradition.

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Morison, John. "Law-Making and Devolution: the Northern Ireland Experience". Legal Information Management 3, nr 3-4 (2003): 158–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s147266960000205x.

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In Northern Ireland there has been a lot of interesting experience of devolution (although rather less of lawmaking, especially recently). Indeed, the experience of devolution in Northern Ireland is greater than elsewhere in the United Kingdom as this present (interrupted) phase is the third version that has taken place. Such a history, involving as it does not just various failures but also a fifty year record of relative stability might suggest that Northern Ireland has particular lessons to offer to the devolution process that the UK has experienced since 1998.

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47

Milner, Neal. "Illusions and Delusions about Conflict Management—In Africa and Elsewhere". Law Social Inquiry 27, nr 3 (lipiec 2002): 621–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-4469.2002.tb00820.x.

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Leach, Stephen. "History, Ethics and Philosophy: Bernard Williams’ Appraisal of R. G. Collingwood". Journal of the Philosophy of History 5, nr 1 (2011): 36–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187226311x555446.

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AbstractThe author examines Williams’ appraisal of Collingwood both in his eponymous essay on Collingwood, in the posthumously published Sense of the Past (2006), and elsewhere in his work. The similarities and differences between their philosophies are explored: in particular, with regard to the relationship between philosophy and history and the relationship between the study of history and our present-day moral attitudes. It is argued that, despite Williams usually being classified as an analytic philosopher and Collingwood being classified as an idealist, there is substantial common ground between them. Williams was aware of this and made clear his sympathy for Collingwood; but, nonetheless, the relationship between Williams and Collingwood has not previously been explored in any detail. After establishing the common ground between these philosophers, and the areas of disagreement, the author suggests that both may have something to gain from the other.

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49

Gutierrez-Romine, Alicia. "Abortion and the Law in California". California History 99, nr 1 (2022): 10–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ch.2022.99.1.10.

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Though California is recognized for protecting women’s right to choose today, this was not always the case. Abortion was illegal in California, as it was in all other states in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries; over time, however, California witnessed a series of legal amendments and cases that pressed on its nineteenth-century statute—culminating in the decriminalization of abortion years before Roe v. Wade. This article begins with the history of California abortion legislation, then analyzes recent laws passed elsewhere in the United States, showing how these new laws simply repeat laws previously passed and discarded in California. This overview should prove helpful to citizens and legislators who wish their states to follow suit and protect choice.

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Malkin, Ian, Richard Elliott i Rowan McRae. "Supervised Injection Facilities and International Law". Journal of Drug Issues 33, nr 3 (lipiec 2003): 539–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204260303300302.

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The ongoing public health crisis associated with injection drug use highlights the failure of prohibitionist policies. In contrast, harm reduction approaches aim to protect and promote the health of drug users. Supervised injection facilities (SIFs) are one important component of this approach. This article considers the international legal implications of establishing SIFs. It argues that implementing trials of SIFs is an appropriate measure that states should take pursuant to their international legal obligations to realize progressively the right of their nationals to the highest attainable standard of health. It argues that international drug control treaties do not prevent such measures, as is commonly claimed. The authors conclude that successful trials in Europe and Australia should be emulated elsewhere, in accordance with states' international obligations.

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