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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Latvia, social life and customs"
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Kinderis, Remigijus, i Jūratė Danielienė. "HEALTHY LIFESTYLE IN LITHUANIA AND LATVIA STUDENT POPULATION IN THE CONTEXT OF INDIVIDUAL VALUES". SOCIETY. INTEGRATION. EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 4 (25.05.2018): 99–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2018vol1.3099.
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It is believed that the greatest impact on health is done by lifestyle, which is perceived as the habits and customs as the whole, exposed and amplified by socialization process during all human life. The research problem is formulated under the following main question: How healthy lifestyle is expressed when studying at a higher education institution? The aim of the research - to reveal the healthy lifestyle expression of students in tourism and recreation study programmes in the context of individual values. Research methodological substantiation: quantitative and qualitative research accessibility. Methods: individual expert interview (with higher school representatives) and anonymous questionnaire (students). It was established that: the main determinants of a healthy lifestyle are qualities of character, lifestyle, social environment, motivation, knowledge, communication with parents, other family members and surrounding people; the student’s choice of lifestyle is mostly determined by family and friends, in other words, those who surround them constantly; health value cherished in the family encourages students at least partially to live according to the principles of a healthy lifestyle. Also, lack of motivation, time and finances leads to and the indifference of the respondents to live according to the principles of a healthy lifestyle.
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Levina, J., V. Perejolkina, K. Martinsone, S. Mihailova i J. Kolesnikova. "The relationship between anomia and maladaptive personality traits". SHS Web of Conferences 40 (2018): 02006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20184002006.
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Research of anomia is topical in the period when a society endures social and economic changes. On the other hand, the modern Western society is characterized by a rapid speed of development, by diversity, variability, multicultural life. In such conditions for some individuals it could be difficult to make life choices. Such individuals can get into “an anomic state”. In a situation of rapid social and political changes as well as simply in the modern diverse and rapidly developing society pathological personality traits can serve as a factor that aggravates anomic feelings. Thus, the main purpose of this research is to investigate relations between anomia and pathological personality traits. The sample consisted of 83 Latvian inhabitants aged from 19 to 47 years (16.9 % males, 83.1 % females). The Anomia Questionnaire – AQ [1] and the Latvian Clinical Personality Inventory – LCPI v2.2 [2] were used. It is found that there are multiple relations between all six sub-dimensions of anomia and certain different maladaptive personality traits. Irresponsibility is the only personality trait that predicts deviation from prescribed rules or customs. Negative emotionality is the only significant predictor for social distrust. Suspiciousness that falls within a first-order domain Psychoticism and a second-order domain Schizotypy is the most significant predictor of estrangement to others as a dimension of anomia. Eccentricity that falls within a first-order domain Psychoticism and a second-order domain Schizotypy is the most significant predictor of cultural isolation. Separation insecurity that falls within a first-order domain Dependence and a second-order domain Neuroticism is the most significant predictor of a lack of goal clarity as a dimension of anomia. Depression as a pathological personality trait that falls within a first-order domain Negative emotionality and a second-order domain Neuroticism is the most significant predictor of a lack of goal clarity as a dimension of anomia.
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Krēgere, Olga. "TAVERNS IN INDRA IN THE 1930s FROM A HISTORICAL POINT OF VIEW". Via Latgalica, nr 1 (31.12.2008): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/latg2008.1.1603.
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Based on the sources and literature available to the author, as well as on data obtained during field study, the paper describes the origins and functions of a tavern in Daugavpils region (now Kraslava region) in the rural Indra municipality in the 1930s. The chronology of the paper is determined by the founding of the establishment in 1929 and its operation until 1940 when Latvia was occupied by the USSR army. The paper is organized into three topical parts: first, the origins of the tavern are described, then the environment and its development over time, and finally the fulfillment of the tavern’s objectives in the economic and cultural life. The paper is based on the following: 1) documents of the Latvian State Historical Archives (hereinafter LSHA): The 1935 census materials of the State Statistics committee; Orders to the authorities issued by the head of the administration of Daugavpils County; Notices of the Indra rural municipality (until 1937 Piedruja rural municipality) to the head of the administration of Daugavpils Region; Lists of taxpayers (1929–1940); Population statistics (1941– 1943), 2) Audiotape-recorded narrations of the tavern building heir Anna Šiško obtained during Rezekne University College’s (2007), as well as factual material obtained during the interview (2008). Judging by Jānis Šiško’s family’s purposeful construction of the tavern and its role in Indra’s economic and social culture in the 30’s of the 20th century, it can be considered that its main function was customer service. The operation and the use of the tavern was adjusted to the particular needs of the social life according to the conditions during that period. The location of the tavern within reach of the railway station and the market square provided advantageous lodging and recreation facilities. These were used by the buyers of agricultural goods and corners, called „uzkupči”, arriving on a regular weekly basis from far away, mainly from Riga, by the producers of these goods from the wide neighbourhood, as well as by local farmers in the periods of supply and sale of sugar-beet, flax, and live stock. Therefore, the operation of the tavern contributed greatly to the economic activity of the municipality. Organized recreation – dances and open-air parties in the tavern yard on the playground and in the specially arranged spacious premises of a shed with the border guards brass band, and regular theatre performances and celebrations at the occasion of public holidays – introduced the tavern to the social life of Indra and made it a popular entertainment place in the finest sense of the word and thereby contributed to the enrichment of the county’s cultural life.
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Menshikov, V., J. Kudins, A. Kokarevica, V. Komarova i E. Cizo. "Interdisciplinary study of the medium-term fertility trend in Latvia (1970-2022)". RUDN Journal of Sociology 23, nr 4 (15.12.2023): 825–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2272-2023-23-4-825-838.
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The article aims at identifying the medium-term fertility trend in Latvia. The main research question is whether it is possible in the near future to increase fertility in Latvia, as planned in the “Strategy for the Reproduction of the Nation FAMILY - LATVIA - 2030 (2050)”. The authors conducted the mathematical analysis of fertility in Latvia for the medium-term period of 1970-2022 (53 years), which includes two decades of the so-called “Soviet era” and the period of independence after the collapse of the USSR. The study is based on the available data of the official Latvian statistics on the total fertility rate. The novelty of this interdisciplinary - demographic, economic and sociological - study is determined by the use of mathematical analysis to identify demographic trends, which is not typical for the publications of Latvian and foreign researchers. The study is also based on the theory of economic cycles to identify demographic fertility cycles and their phases in Latvia and to predict fertility rates in Latvia for the near future. Furthermore, the analysis of the sociological surveys data allowed to understand the main reason for the steady - in the medium-term perspective - linear decline in fertility in Latvia. This reason is value changes in the society, in which children are no longer at the center of the life value system of men and especially women in Latvia, i.e., are no longer considered necessary for the realization of their life goals and ambitions. Based on the results of the mathematical analysis of the medium-term fertility trend in Latvia, the authors believe that the decline in fertility in Latvia will continue for several more years before the bottom of the next demographic fertility cycle will be reached (and this bottom will be lower than the previous one, i.e., below 1.22 -1.25), and there will be an upturn in a linearly declining fertility trend. However, even this expected rise will not reach the previous peak; the next peak is likely to be below 1.74. Thus, the desired and even expected by the creators of the “Strategy for the Reproduction of the Nation” increase in fertility in Latvia to the level of 1.77 by 2027 is considered by the authors unattainable.
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Abelite, Larisa, Diana Zagulova, Llona Skuja i Alena Jakub. "Participation of Teachers and MA Students in the Study of Various Aspects of the Activity Level of Riga’s Residents in Solving Problems in Their Neighbourhoods". SOCIETY, INTEGRATION, EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 1 (30.05.2015): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2013vol1.148.
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The article is devoted to the research work in the ERDF INTERREG IVA project CB5 "Creating attractive and dynamic society together with inhabitants" (CADDIES). The aim of the research work is to generalize the survey results of citizens in Latvia (Riga) for defining of social and economical factors, influencing social identity, place attachment and sense of community and for marking out the distinguishing features of mentioned above phenomenon for citizens from Latvia. The objects of investigation are practical aspects of social identity, place attachment and sense of community for citizens in Latvia. Sociological survey had been used. In general, there are mentioned all local actors to be important for being involved in neighbourhood development. Some aspects of citizens’ life were studied and the most effective involving methods were suggested for their participation in life improvement.
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Kessler, Zoë, i Ilze Trapenciere. "Narratives of social orphans in Latvia: Using a life history methodology to listen to the voices of care leavers". SHS Web of Conferences 184 (2024): 03001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202418403001.
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This study investigated social orphans through narratives of young people with experiences of growing up in institutional care in Latvia. The study uses the life histories of participants to explore the phenomenon of social orphans. To date, narratives about the lived experiences of social orphans in Latvia have been told in the third person, as most studies have used methodologies that kept participants passive rather than active. The research process in this study recorded 19 care leavers’ life experiences in detail and covered three main life phases: 1) Prior to living in care; 2) Living in care; 3) Life after care. A thematic analysis was employed to analyze the data. Participants’ experiences revealed some commonalities: factors that preceded children entering care, occurrences from care and life trajectories post-care. The findings also supported a deconstruction of stereotypes and dominant assumptions about orphanage care. They provide alternative narratives to what it means to grow up as a social orphan in Latvia. Notable were the strategies of self-reliance and resistance to adversity, as well as a preference for group care and a summation of what care leavers would like from professionals during care. Finally, recommendations for policy and practice are introduced; these emerged from the study findings and the positioning of the participants as ‘knowledgeable of their experience’. This rich knowledge base can be used to support and inform the practice of children moving through the institutional care system in Latvia as well as in other contexts.
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Kirsanovs, Vladimirs, Francesco Romagnoli, Anastasija Piščika, Alina Safronova i Maksims Feofilovs. "Transportation Biofuels in Latvia: A Life Cycle Thinking Approach". Environmental and Climate Technologies 27, nr 1 (1.01.2023): 40–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2023-0004.
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Abstract Transport consumes around one-third of Latvia’s final energy demand being the largest sector that produces greenhouse gas emissions. In Latvia, in the year 2019, the share of renewable energy sources in the transport sector was only 4.8 % of the total gross consumption with a target of 7 % of not food-based biofuels by 2030. To tackle climate change problems, one significant task is reducing pollution in the transport sector by substituting fossil with biomass-based fuels. The goal of this study is to develop a methodology for evaluating biofuel production in Latvia considering economic, social, environmental, and technological aspects. A total of 16 specific criteria were selected for biofuel comparison. The methodology is based on a combination of two quantitative approaches, namely Life Cycle Assessment and Multi-Criteria Analysis. The proposed method aims to identify the most sustainable biofuel in Latvia according to a set of specific indicators.
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Karklina, Katrina, Dzintra Slisane, Francesko Romagnoli i Dagnija Blumberga. "Social life cycle assessment of biomethane production and distribution in Latvia". Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 2 (17.06.2015): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2015vol2.628.
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<em>A </em>social life cycle assessment is proposed for the evaluation of the social potential impact in regard to the production and use of biomethane derived from biomass (algae and manure) in Latvia. The Multi-Criteria Analysis (MCA) is used to evaluate the social performances, which have been selected based on literature, statistics and legislation data. Seven alternatives are evaluated by experts and the best alternative is figured out.
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Pranka, Maruta. "The walk-and-talk methodology – researching place and people". SHS Web of Conferences 85 (2020): 03007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20208503007.
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The article focuses on walk-and-talk interviews, which are yet a little-used research method in Latvia. The term is used in the social sciences and humanities and is an appropriate method for gathering data in order to determine the relationship of an individual or a social group with a specific place. The method in a pilot project was used to listen to life experiences in Tūja, a village along the Baltic coast in Latvia. The study focused on social change in Tūja and the influence of the economic and political changes of the 1990s on the living conditions and lifestyle of the local inhabitants. The pilot project was conducted by the researchers from the Institute of Philosophy and Sociology of University of Latvia.
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Mikhailova, Yulia. "“Poor Cousins”: National Minorities in Latvia in Cartoons by S. A. Tsivinsky (1920s — 1930s)". ISTORIYA 14, nr 8 (130) (2023): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840027718-8.
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The article considers the activity of the cartoonist S. A. Tsivinsky (1895—1941), who closely cooperating with a number of Latvian newspapers during the period of the first independence. Не became the author of many political cartoons reflecting the social and political life of the country. Cartoons of S. A. Tsivinsky reflected the problem of the struggle of national minorities for their rights in the political and public spheres. He illustrated such aspects as the formation of ruling cabinets based on certain national minorities, the complex relationship between the title nation and those who until recently held a dominant position in Latvia (primarily the Baltic Germans and Russians), the gradual growth of nationalism and anti-Semitism in Latvia. Cartoons of S. A. Tsivinsky complement the material of the Latvian newspapers of the interwar period and serve as an interesting source illustrating the problems of social and political life in Latvia during the period of the first independence.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Latvia, social life and customs"
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Prado, Luis Antonio. "Patriarchy and machismo: Political, economic and social effects on women". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2623.
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This thesis focuses on patriarchy and machismo and the long lasting political, economic, and social effects that their practice has had on women in the United States and Latin America. It examines the role of the Catholic Church, political influences, social, cultural, economic and legal issues, historic issues (such as the Industrial Revolution), the importance of the family's preference for sons rather than daughters, and the differences in the raising of male and female children for their adult roles.
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Simsek-Caglar, Ayse. "German Turks in Berlin : migration and their quest for social mobility". Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=41770.
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This study examines the dynamics of German Turks' practices and life-styles and their relationship with Turkey in the context of the possibilities brought into their lives by their particular type of dislocation. Turkish migrants' "culture" and life-styles are explored in the context of their complex social space, rather than within a framework encapsulated in a reified ethnicity and/or immutable "Turkish culture".Chapter I discusses concepts of ethnicity, culture and identity and presents a critical account of the literature on German Turks in this respect. Chapter II focuses on the ambiguities and insecurities of German Turks' legal, political and social status in both Turkey and Germany, and traces the consequences of these conditions on Turkish migrants' complex sense of place. The discussion of German Turks' "myths of return" in the context of their liminality and the impact these have on their self-image and their visions about their lives constitute the focus of chapters III and IV respectively. Chapter V explores the changing nature of Turkish migrants' interpersonal relationships. Chapter VI concentrates on the anomalies of the social space occupied by German Turks in German society and discusses their life-styles, practices and emergent cultural forms in the context of social mobility.
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Noble, Sandra Eleanor. "Maya seats and Maya seats-of-authority". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ38950.pdf.
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LOMBARDO, Davide. "Humour, spectacle and every-day life : pictorial comedy in London and Paris, 1830-1850". Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/10427.
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Defence date: 24 October 2007Examining Board: Prof. John Brewer, (California Institute of Technology) ; Prof. Laurence Fontaine, (EHESS-CNRS) ; Prof. Mark Hallett, (University of York) ; Prof. Eckhart Hellmuth, (Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München)
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses
no abstract available
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Ishii, Kimiko. "Cross-cultural differences in facial expressions : a study of an Asian American and an Asian national". Virtual Press, 2004. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1304656.
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Many researchers have suggested that facial expressions are universal. However, others hold a more nuanced view: That despite universal similarities, facial expressions are culture-specific. In the current study, facial expressions of an Asian American and an Asian national were studied using scenes from two television dramas from the United States and Japan. Similarities and differences were found between the facial expressions of the two characters. The existence of similarities supports the basic universality of facial expressions, while differences were found which support the perspective that facial expressions are culture-specific. These differences were primarily in the relationships between the intensity levels of the external expressions and the internal experiences of the two people. The findings indicate that even when people share basic facial features, the ways they express their emotions differ according to the cultures in which they grew up.Department of Speech Communication
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Mbewe, Mpho. "‘Ubhuti wami’: a qualitative secondary analysis of brothering among isiXhosa men". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013149.
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This project is interested in investigating the construction of the fraternal sibling relationshipwithin the South African context from a narrative perspective. In particular, this study is interested in the ways in which middle aged isiXhosa men narrate experiences of brothering and how social class, as one particular context, mediates these narratives. This project is particularly interested in brothering within the isiXhosa culture and is concerned with both middle class and working class men within this cultural context. The project takes as its particular focus the meaning of brothering, and specifically how masculinity, intimacy and money or class influence the brothering practices constructed by the men in the sample. The project employs a social constructionist perspective, using a thematic narrative analysis to analyse the data. This project uses secondary analysis of data, as the data was collected for the primary use by Jackson (2009), Peirce (2009), Saville Young (Saville Young & Jackson, 2011) and Stonier (2010). The analysis reflects emergent themes of the importance of fraternal sacrifice, care-taking and sibling responsibility, honouring the family, and challenge to traditional masculinity. These themes emerged within the prior themes of masculinity, intimacy and class within brothering. The men spoke of keeping the family prosperous and united as an important duty in their brothering role. Affection was expressed more practically and symbolically, and closeness constructed through shared experiences, proximity and similarities. My findings reflect that family expectations, culture and social context had key influences on brothering, based on the men's narratives. Findings are discussed in relation to literature on brothering, masculinity and intimacy, and the influence of money in close relationships.
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Samuels, Jonathan. "Tamang clan culture and its relevance to the archaic culture of Tibet". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.669727.
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Whelan, Fiona Elizabeth. "Morals and manners in twelfth-century England : 'Urbanus Magnus' and courtesy literature". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:4ccb50b9-7e0e-49c8-b9c5-104dfefa3fea.
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This thesis investigates the twelfth-century Latin poem entitled Urbanus magnus or 'The Book of the Civilised Man', attributed to Daniel of Beccles. This is a poem dedicated to the cultivation of a civilised life, aimed primarily at clerics although its use extends to nobility, and specifically the noble householder. This thesis focuses on the text as a primary source for an understanding of social life in medieval England, and uses the content of the text to explore issues such as the medieval household, social hierarchy, the body, and food and diet. Urbanus magnus is commonly referred to as a 'courtesy text'. This thesis seeks to understand Urbanus magnus outside of that attribution, and to situate the text in the context of twelfth and thirteenth-century England. Thus far, scholarship of courtesy literature has focused on later texts such as thirteenth-century vernacular 'courtesy texts' or humanist works as exemplified by Erasmus's De civilitate morum puerilium. This scholarship looks back to the twelfth century and sees texts such as Urbanus magnus as 'early Latin courtesy texts'. This teleological view relegates such earlier texts to positions at the genesis of the genre and blindly assumes that they belong to the corpus of 'courtesy literature'. This neglects both their individual importance and their respective origins. This thesis examines Urbanus magnus as a didactic text which contains elements of 'courtesy literature', but also displays moral and ethical concerns. At the heart of the thesis is the question: should Urbanus magnus be considered as part of the genre of courtesy literature? This question does not have a simple answer, but this thesis shows that some elements and sections of Urbanus magnus do conform to the characteristics of courtesy literature. However, there are further sections that reflect other literary traditions. In addition to morals and ethics, Urbanus magus reflects other genres such as satire, and also reveals social issues in twelfth-century England such as the rise of anti-curiale sentiment and resentment of upward social mobility. This thesis provides an examination of Urbanus magnus through the most prevalent themes in the text. Firstly, it explores the dynamics of the medieval household, along with issues such as social mobility and hierarchy. Secondly, it focuses on the depiction of the body and bodily restraint, covering topics such as speech, bodily emissions, and sexual activity. Thirdly, it discusses food and diet, including table manners, food consumption, and dietary effects of foodstuffs. The penultimate chapter looks at the manuscript dissemination of the text to investigate the different uses which Urbanus magnus found in subsequent centuries. The delineation of Urbanus magnus as part of the genre of courtesy literature ignores the social, cultural, and literary impact on the creation of the text. In response, this thesis has two aims. The first is to minimise the notion of genre, and treat Urbanus magnus as a text in its own right, and as a product of the twelfth century. The second shows that Urbanus magnus reflects both continuity and change in society in England following the Norman Conquest.
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Mu¨hlan, Eberhard. "Family structures among Adivasis in India : a description and comparison of family structures and lives within the patrilineal tribe of Saoras in Orissa and the matrilineal tribe of Khasis in Meghalaya, India". Thesis, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.683361.
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Quest, A. Del. "Out of the Way and Out of Place: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis of the Experiences of Social Interactions of Bisexually Attracted Young People". PDXScholar, 2014. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2002.
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Research addressing the concerns of bisexually attracted youth has markedly increased in the past few years, yet remains limited in comparison to that addressing the issues of lesbian and gay youth (Brewster & Moradi, 2010). Those few studies treating bisexual participants as distinct from lesbian and gay participants have findings indicating that some youth who identify as bisexual experience higher rates of depression, pregnancy, substance abuse, suicidal ideations, and suicide attempts compared to their lesbian and gay peers (Kennedy & Fisher, 2010; Lewis, Derlega, Brown, Rose, & Henson, 2009; Saewyc, Homma, Skay, Bearinger, Resnick, & Reis, 2009). Most commonly, however, research studies examine all lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer participants as one group, and little is known about the ways in which these distinct groups differ. Biphobia, defined as the aversion felt toward bisexuality and bisexuals as a social group or as individuals, contributes to barriers in addressing this gap.
The primary objective of this study was to gain an understanding of how the participants recalled their social interactions and how they made sense of them. In depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten young people who were bisexually attracted when they were of high school age. Results were analyzed and discussed using an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) approach. Analyses of these accounts revealed the ways these young people made sense of feeling dismissed, isolated, invisible, and unsafe in their environments and the ways they used their observations to control future interactions. The participants discussed their experiences with coming out to family members and friends and the strain of choosing to hide their attractions to more than one gender.
These findings indicate the need for services offering specific supports and interventions for bisexually attracted youth. Social workers, youth workers, and educators can best serve this population by acknowledging the uniqueness of their experiences. Future research, focused on group specific concerns, could close the existing gap in the knowledge base.
Książki na temat "Latvia, social life and customs"
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Addison, Lucy. Letters from Latvia. London: Macdonald, 1986.
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Winterscheidt, Friedrich W. Mana Latvija: Dienasgrāmatas lappuses. Rīgā: Vaga, 1995.
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Korsaks, P., i Ligita Leja. Jāņu fotoalbums. Rīga: Norden AB, 2007.
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Butkus, Alvydas. Mūsų broliai latviai. Vilnius: Mokslas, 1990.
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Dyck, Gertrude. The oasis: Al Ain memoirs of "Doctora Latifa". Dubai: Motivate Pub., 1995.
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Williams, Raymond L. Culture and customs of Colombia. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press, 1999.
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Zavarina, A. A. Russkoe naselenie Vostochnoĭ Latvii vo vtoroĭ polovine XIX-nachale XX veka: Istoriko-ėtnograficheskiĭ ocherk. Riga: "Zinatne", 1986.
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Devine, Elizabeth. The travelers' guide to Latin American customs and manners. New York: St. Martin's Griffin, 2000.
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Griffin, Jasper. Latin poets and Roman life. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1986.
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A, Bodnieks Olg̓erts, i Dienvidflorīdas latviešu evang̓eliski luteriskā draudze., red. Florīdas zelta krastā. [Florida: Draudze, 1985.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaCzęści książek na temat "Latvia, social life and customs"
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Zoutewelle-Terovan, Mioara, i Joanne S. Muller. "Adding Well-Being to Ageing: Family Transitions as Determinants of Later-Life Socio-Emotional and Economic Well-Being". W Social Background and the Demographic Life Course: Cross-National Comparisons, 79–100. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67345-1_5.
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AbstractThis chapter focuses on adult family-related experiences and the manner in which they affect later-life socio-emotional and economic well-being (loneliness, employment, earnings). Particularly innovative is the investigation of these relationships in a cross-national perspective. Results from two studies conducted by the authors of this chapter within the CONOPP project show that deviations from family-related social customs differently impact socio-emotional and economic well-being outcomes as there is: (a) a non-normative family penalty for loneliness (individuals who never experience cohabitation/marriage or parenthood or postpone such events are the loneliest); and (b) a non-normative family bonus for women’s economic outcomes (single and/or childless women have the highest earnings). Moreover, analyses revealed that European countries differ considerably in the manner in which similar family-related experiences affect later-life well-being. For example, childlessness had a stronger negative impact on loneliness in Eastern Europe than in Western Europe and the observed heterogeneity could be explained by culturally-embedded family-related values and norms (childless individuals in countries placing stronger accent on ‘traditional’ family values are lonelier compared to childless individuals in less ‘traditionalistic’ nations). In terms of economic outcomes, results show that the lower the female labor force participation during child-rearing years, the more substantial the differences in later-life employment and income between women with different family life trajectories.
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Broch, Trygve B. "Expectations". W The Ponytail, 49–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20780-8_3.
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AbstractHow does the ponytail maneuver gendered expectations? Although in the introduction I distinguish cultural sociology from critical theory and the cultural studies tradition, which reveal foremost the reproduction of social inequalities and hierarchies, there is no denying that the ponytail is gendered. This chapter explores ponytailed agency within the plausible limits of culture. I stress the ways that women may use ponytails to meet a multitude of expectations, and I argue that codes of fashion and customs permit women (and men) to wear this hairstyle to display gendered expectations in amplified and sober ways. This dynamic process generates a half-life of the ponytail in which its many forms and imitations are manifest in diverse situations that intensify and condense customs to make fashion and to recreate customs. What directs the ponytail’s performativity are the codes that define the ways we meet fashion and customs: as commercial ploys or with altruistic intentions, as normal or deviant in diverse situations. Ponytailed women, in style or simply by habit, can fight for democracy or represent commercial interests, and media critics ensure we see this wealth of prospective role models: some standing on the barricades and some imitating neoliberal and patriarchal ideals.
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Koroļeva, Ilze. "The Complex Identities of Latvians Abroad: What Shapes a Migrant’s Sense of Belonging?" W IMISCOE Research Series, 69–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12092-4_4.
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Abstract Building on the data from The Emigrant Communities of Latvia survey, this chapter aims to reveal and describe the complex nature of the sense of geographic and social belonging of those who became emigrants. It will explore the factors affecting the maintenance of their identity and consider transformation processes among migrants. The starting point of this chapter is the assumption that the ‘sense of belonging’ is affected by a variety of different objective and subjective factors, and that identity is multi-faceted. Instead of facing a trade-off between feeling close to the home country or host country, or developing a supranational identity, different combinations of types of a ‘sense of belonging’ can be distinguished among Latvian migrants. Using cluster analysis, the author distinguishes four separate groups of emigrants based on their attitudes and self-identification. Among the findings is that most respondents feel closer to Latvia than their host country. However, people who left Latvia during the years of the Great Recession and its aftermath, and who left for economic reasons, are the most alienated from their home country. Among the factors important in shaping this sense of belonging are subjective life satisfaction and having friends and family back at home.
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Kraus, Blahoslav, Peter Ondrejkovič, Wojciech Krzysztof Świątkiewicz, Lolita Vilka, Ursula Rieke, Ilze Trapenciere i Lyudmila Pankiv. "Characteristics of Family Lives in Central Europe". W Contemporary Family Lifestyles in Central and Western Europe, 21–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48299-2_2.
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AbstractIn this chapter, authors give a picture of families in individual countries, which participated in the survey, so from the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Germany, Poland, Ukraine and Latvia. They pay attention mainly to the family changes after the year 1990. There is mainly demographic situation. Furthermore, there are features which present contemporary family such as an increase of democratization in family coexistence in connection with the shifts of roles and disintegration in a family life linked with overall individualism manifested by automation, where one creates his/her own way of life. The contemporary family is more likely affected in all countries by progressive social differentiation; in a different level of unemployment, certain isolation and changes are always seen in intergeneration relationships. The authors also pay attention to family social policy and housing situation when starting a family.
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Makhloufi, Lilia. "Introduction". W Tangible and Intangible Heritage in the Age of Globalisation, 1–8. Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0388.00.
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The introduction to the book frames its study of the architectural and urban spaces that shape cities’ tangible heritage, considering the urban networks, residential spaces and materials and methods of construction. The book also examines the parameters governing societies’ intangible heritage by defining: (i) individuals according to local identities, cultures and religions, (ii) behaviours rooted in local ways of life and social values, and (iii) practices including local customs, feasts and festivals. It outlines the relevance of globalisation to the preservation of tangible and intangible heritage and introduces the different chapters and what they will contribute to the book.
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Di Somma, Emilio. "Trust, Faith, and Social Imaginary: Prolegomena to an Anthropology of Personhood". W Relational Anthropology for Contemporary Economics, 153–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84690-9_9.
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AbstractAmidst the many problem that our societies are facing today, there is acknowledgment of the fact that the current economic system is unable to create and foster a just and stable society. This becomes increasingly true the more we continue to rely on the paradigm of the Homo economicus, which reveals itself as a fragile basis for a just and functioning society.The paradigm of the Homo economicus does not allow us to build a workable society; but then, the first question remains, what is the fundamental feature of the Homo, what does it mean to be human? And how can we build a just and functioning society?The theme of this work focuses on finding an answer through the paradigm of the Homo amans, that is, a paradigm in which we take into account not only human self-interest but also of those other features that are strongly linked with human life: the need for a meaning in our life, our relationship with our future and our relationship with other human beings. However, to change an anthropological paradigm, there is a necessary step that has to be addressed. To say that the paradigm of Homo economicus has been the dominant one so far, means that we have had a society that was imbued within a specific framework of customs, values, and traditions. Our society has been developed on a set of assumptions about human behavior, and on these assumptions have been developed institutions and procedures in which we trust.The attitude of trust is the main topic of this essay. To develop a society on the paradigm of Homo amans and to further develop the debate, one should ask what kind of expectation we should encourage in people, and what should the foundations for such expectations be. What, then, is the foundation of this sensible assurance? Why do we trust people and institutions? This chapter aims to analyze this fundamental requirement for the development of any kind of society: the need for trust between persons and communities.
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Broch, Trygve B. "Practicalities". W The Ponytail, 109–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20780-8_5.
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AbstractWork-life pressures on the modern woman shape hair fashions and customs. The ponytail binds hair in practical ways that can echo feminist undercurrents, implying “I’m busy, I’m working, and need my hair OFF my face.” Furthermore, this chapter shows how the ponytail naturalizes women’s presence in male-dominated jobs and roles, and therefore radiates with the social progress of former feminist generations. Those who find the ponytail to be practical in work and family life encompass women who believe they live in a post-feminist reality as well as those who remain on the barricades, fists raised, ponytails waving. Ponytailed women are at times loud, youthful, bold, and unapologetic; other times, they perform bold body politics: positionality, presence, and existence. Clearly, the ponytail is iconic, a total social fact used to feel, see, and enact a meaningful relationship with a complex but gendered society. As modern women navigate their practical lives, a new code emerges, a code of movement that fuses the corporeal and practical with the social and feminist environments in which they reside. This code gives the ponytail—itself an embodiment of movement—a performativity of social movements.
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Doolittle, Justus. "Social Customs". W Social Life of the Chinese, 489–501. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315030098-27.
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Doolittle, Justus. "Social Customs—continued". W Social Life of the Chinese, 502–14. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315030098-28.
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Doolittle, Justus. "Social Customs—continued". W Social Life of the Chinese, 515–29. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315030098-29.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenia konferencji na temat "Latvia, social life and customs"
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Millere, Jolanta, Baiba Miltovica i Agnese Rozniece. "Social entrepreneurship in Latvia and its challenges". W Research for Rural Development 2023 : annual 29th international scientific conference proceedings. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/rrd.29.2023.021.
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Social enterprises, as an interdisciplinary form of business, often face problems that traditional enterprises and civil society organizations have already overcome: lack of legal framework, complex business models, business identity problems, lack of public awareness, lack of visibility and difficulty in accessing investment markets. The name ‘social entrepreneurship’ makes it clear that it is not easy to have a business oriented towards a social goal, because ‘social’ implies that the business is directed to the goal of reducing social problems and enhancing the quality of life, which, besides being expensive, is also a complex process. The purpose of the article is to reflect the challenges faced by representatives of social entrepreneurship in Latvia: before April 1, 2018, when this type of business was non-profit, and after, when the opportunity was given to establish a profit-making social enterprise. In order to achieve the goal, following tasks are set – to provide a theoretical explanation of social entrepreneurship, as well as, with the help of empirically obtained information, to reveal the challenges faced by representatives of social entrepreneurship in Latvia. According to interviewed informants, the main challenges for social entrepreneurs in Latvia are the lack of qualified employees, institutional cooperation and funding, which would allow organizations to effectively carry out their business; in addition, difficulties are caused by situations when financing is too complex or difficult to access, and social entrepreneurship lacks public support. Rather often, social entrepreneurs lack knowledge about business risks and how to plan their business in the long term.
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Grinfelde, Anda, Inga Vanaga i Liga Paula. "Teachers’ quality of work-life in the regions of Latvia". W 22nd International Scientific Conference. “Economic Science for Rural Development 2021”. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Economics and Social Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2021.55.011.
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In Latvia, during the COVID-19 pandemic teachers represent one of the professions with a special role in solving the problems caused by the crisis. It is important to provide the highest possible quality of education during the state-of-emergency, despite the increased risks of COVID-19 what teachers face while work in a classroom. The workload of teachers has increased and for many of them working conditions have deteriorated. Multiple factors pose a risk to the quality of work-life in general. The aim of the paper is to find out the teachers’ opinions on the factors influencing their quality of work-life, comparing the situation in the regions of Latvia, and to develop proposals for strengthening social dialogue to improve teachers’ quality of work-life. In February 2021, the Latvian Trade Union of Education and Science Employees conducted a survey “Teachers’ Salaries, Principles of Workload Formation and Risks of Professional Burnout”, in which 10 077 teachers were surveyed to study various aspects of their quality of work-life. The results revealed differences between regions in the teachers’ assessment of their quality of work-life and the factors influencing it. The quality of work-life of teachers has decreased, comparing to the situation a year and five years ago. Significantly that 9 out of 10 respondents did not feel cared for at the national level. The authors conclude that it is crucial to improve the social dialogue between the state institutions, employers and employees in order to increase the quality of teachers’ work-life.
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Rasnaca, Liga, i Kristina Gundersen. "Late-life suicide in Norway and Latvia: understanding the regional differences and complexities of late-life suicide". W Research for Rural Development 2023 : annual 29th international scientific conference proceedings. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/rrd.29.2023.020.
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Late-life suicide is a significant public health concern that has been associated with a range of social and individual factors. Social factors, such as social isolation, lack of social support, and financial stress, regional differences can contribute to the risk of suicide in older adults. Individual factors, such as depression, anxiety, and other mental health disorders, as well as physical health problems and chronic pain, have also been associated with an increased risk of suicide in older adults. Understanding the social and individual factors that contribute to late-life suicide in both Latvia and Norway is essential for developing effective prevention and intervention strategies to address this issue. The novelty and aim of research on social and individual factors of suicide among older people lie in understanding the unique risk factors that contribute to late-life suicide both in urban and rural areas. While there is existing research on suicide in general, there are various factors that contribute to suicide risk in older adults. Regional differences are often different from those that affect younger populations. Therefore, research on social and individual factors of suicide among the older persons aims to identify these unique risk factors and develop tailored prevention and intervention strategies that address the needs of older adults. There is still a need for further research to understand the specific social and individual factors that contribute to this issue in rural and urban areas.
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Vukovic, Dijana, Lara Milic i Tanja Grmusa. "THE MEANING OF SUSTAINABILITY OF CULTURAL IMMATERIAL CONSUMPTION". W 10th SWS International Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES - ISCSS 2023. SGEM WORLD SCIENCE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35603/sws.iscss.2023/sv08.40.
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Cultural characteristics differ from nation to nation, and often by provinces, cities,villages - each group of people has its own traditions, beliefs and behaviors that are oftensimilar to other groups, but again specific to its members. Customs, rituals andsuperstitions as part of a particular culture define and shape the identity of consumerswho belong to that culture - they influence their attitudes, needs, habits and desires. Theseaspects of culture are embedded in consumer behavior, a complex set of preferences andpatterns of an individual, and make up the identity of that individual, which is expressedin his purchasing patterns. As the connection between customs, rituals and superstitionsand consumer behavior has not yet been examined in the scientific literature, nor has theimportance of their influence on consumer habits and characteristics been established, thesubject of this research is precisely to establish this relationship. In Europe, culturaldifferences play a decisive role in shaping consumption patterns. At the same time, globalcompetition tends to have a homogenizing effect on some markets such as music, sports,clothing and entertainment, and multinational companies such as Sony, Pepsi, Nintendo,Nike and Levi Strauss dominate and play an important role in shaping the market. Withthe creation of a single European market, many companies began to consider even morethe possibilities of standardized marketing across national borders in Europe. However,the increasing similarity of brands and products available in Europe does not mean thatconsumers are the same � variables such as personal motivation, cultural context, patternsof family relationships and rhythms of daily life differ significantly from country tocountry and from region to region. This paper will explore the possibilities of improvingthe protection and preservation of rituals, customs, traditions and superstitions as part ofcultural heritage that have an impact on the formation of consumer behavior. Culturalheritage through customs and rituals, traditions and superstitions is recognized as part ofthe historical, cultural, economic and tourist significance for the Republic of Croatia andis important for the preservation of national identity. As a set of permanent material andimmaterial values and human creations, culture is exposed to various problematic,counter-cultural and degrading processes, which arise from conflicts of interests and,sometimes, too fast changes, as well as uncritically accepted immaterial forms of culture,such as rituals, customs, traditions and superstitions of a people. In this sense, thedegradation of traditions and customs, rituals and superstitions can affect the decline inthe quality of life of people in the European Union. The general goal of this research, based on a sample of 206 respondents, is to determine the influence of customs, ritualsand superstitions on consumer behavior in the Republic of Croatia, more precisely, todetermine the frequency of product purchases with regard to different types of rituals.
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Blumberga, Solveiga. "WORK AND PRIVATE LIFE BALANCE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN VARIOUS GENERATIONS IN THE SERVICES SECTOR IN LATVIA". W 4th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES and ARTS Proceedings. STEF92 Technology, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2017/32/s11.063.
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Mietule, Iveta, Anda Zvaigzne, Inta Kotane, Iveta Graudina i Nikola Elizabete Mietule. "ASSESSING FACTORS INFLUENCING WORK-LIFE BALANCE AMONG STUDENTS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY". W 10th SWS International Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES - ISCSS 2023. SGEM WORLD SCIENCE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35603/sws.iscss.2023/s08.31.
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Statistics on overall satisfaction with work-life balance show an EU average of 79%. This figure is higher than average in more than half of the EU countries, including Estonia and Lithuania. In Latvia, this indicator is only 73%, thus Latvia is in the 6th place from the end among the EU countries, which confirms the need to find solutions to support a worklife balance. Objective of the paper is to characterise a work-life balance from theoretical aspect and to provide an assessment of influencing factors among students population to develop research-based conclusions and suggestions. Research hypothesis: the students' assessment of the work-life balance differs according to gender and level of study program. Methods used in the research: monographic method, statistical data analysis method (Spearman correlation test), mathematical methods (comparison, calculation of weighted averages), sociological research method (survey), graphical method of interpretation (collection of statistical data, visualization of survey data). The theoretical part is based on the research carried out and the concepts provided in various sources. The practical part consists of the analysis of the results obtained in the students� survey on the assessment of work-life balance and its influencing factors. Time-management skills were the lowest rated factor influencing work-life balance, however, they will continue to be vital in the face of rapid globalization, changes in labour market and lifelong learning. For students entering the labour market now or in the nearest future, it is crucial to develop their time-management abilities to acquire new skills and competences in accordance with the requirements of the labour market.
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Mistre, Baiba, Inguna Leibus i Gunita Mazure. "Assessment of social benefits for families with children in Latvia". W Research for Rural Development 2023 : annual 29th international scientific conference proceedings. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/rrd.29.2023.018.
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Social benefits are essential in providing support to families with children, especially in the first years of the child’s life as well as to families at risk of poverty (large families, parents raising a child alone). Social insurance benefits ensure parents with income while taking care of a child. Latvia’s strategic planning documents have defined social protection for families with children as one of the priority areas for several planning periods simultaneously emphasising the need to increase social security and promote the birth rate in the country. The research aim is to assess the social benefits system for families with children in Latvia. The research results allow concluding that the expenditure for social support for families with children as percentage of GDP in Latvia is lower than the average EU Member States indicator as well as it is the lowest one among the Baltic States. Support for families with children in Latvia is gradually growing; however, it is necessary to regularly increase the childbirth allowance taking into account inflation in order not to worsen the financial situation of these families as well as to allocate a larger proportion of GDP to support families with children in Latvia.
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Berga, Linda, i Ivars Austers. "Non-Cognitive Predictors of Subjective Job Performance in a Sample of Managers, Client Support and Administrative Support Specialists". W 79th International Scientific Conference of University of Latvia. University of Latvia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/htqe.2021.07.
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The present study was designed to distinguish non-cognitive predictors of job performance for various job groups in order to develop a method for identification of the suitability of an employee for positions and career development in organizational settings. This study included personality traits, vocational interests, grit, growth mindset, resistance to change, goal orientation and self-efficacy as potential predictors of job performance from several individual characteristics related to training, learning and job performance found in the literature. The study sample included customer service specialists, support specialists and managers from five different companies in Latvia. The results show that grit, social, conventional, and enterprising interests are significant predictors of subjective job performance. Personality traits, self-efficacy, growth mindset, resistance to change and goal orientation did not predict job performance in this sample. The relationship between subjective job performance and personality traits for conscientiousness and neuroticism is weak. The results are partly in line with other studies. Possible explanations of results and future directions are offered.
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Gruziņš, Oskars. "Fearing the Memory of Father: The Impact of Biological Origins on the Life Course of Latvian ‘Third Reich’ Children Born of War". W International scientific conference of the University of Latvia. University of Latvia Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/ms22.05.
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Based on an extensive review of scholarly works on WWII Children Born of War (CBOW) in Western Europe, in contrast to a content analysis of the interviews of 38 Latvian CBOW subjects, this proceeding argues that the primary stimulus driving the hiding and augmenting of CBOW memories in post-war Soviet-occupied Latvia differed from that in the West. It argues that, while there existed a fear of social reprisals in the West, a fear primarily focused on social discrimination and its impact on the well-being of CBOW and their families. In contrast, in Soviet-occupied Latvia there existed a mortal fear of institutional repressions, a fear primarily focused on individual and family survival. Moreover, utilizing examples and statements from said Latvian WWII CBOW subjects, as well as from academic literature on the Soviet Union and Soviet-occupied Latvia, this proceeding illustrates how a societal fear, and the resulting ‘silence,’ permeated all of society. Thus, this proceeding identifies that the practice of hiding and augmenting memoires for fear of the Soviet regime was widespread in post-war Latvia, that Third Reich (TR) CBOW were just one cohort group trying to hide their past from the Soviet regime and that the resulting atmosphere of societal ‘silence’ may have been conducive to these ends. Finally, after having illustrated the fear which existed in society and among such CBOW, this proceeding shows how that fear in many cases came to dictate the life course of TR CBOW in Latvia.
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Kirila, Kitija, i Dace Kaufmane. "ASPECTS OF INTEGRATION OF SOCIALLY EXCLUDED GROUPS IN LATVIA". W 11th SWS International Scientific Conferences on ART and HUMANITIES - ISCAH 2024. SGEM WORLD SCIENCE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.35603/sws.iscah.2024/fs01.01.
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The goal of the European Union is to reduce the risk of poverty and social exclusion. The risk of social exclusion involves various risk factors that adversely affect family life as well as everyday needs. Indirect discrimination also leads to social exclusion. In essence, social exclusion represents multidimensional marginalization that does not contribute to social integration policies aimed at creating an integrated and socially active society. French sociologist Emile Durkheim has already stressed that the inclusion and union of individuals are essential to maintaining social cohesion and preventing social exclusion. He also stressed the importance of social solidarity, which is linked to shared values, beliefs and norms in society and which can help to prevent social exclusion and promote social integration, and described the evolution of society from mechanical solidarity to organic solidarity. Social exclusion is a complex social and political problem, which is governed legally at the national and local levels, as there are socially excluded groups also in rural areas. The legislative framework was summarised using document analysis. A qualitative research approach was used to explore the manifestations of social exclusion and identify recommendations to address them. The research involved 11 semi-structured interviews with representatives of organisations working on the problems and integration of socially excluded groups. The research aims to identify the problems of and solutions to social exclusion in rural areas. The research has concluded that there are enough projects and programmes promoting wellbeing and social protection, yet the projects do not achieve the desired results in most cases. Based on the idea of social solidarity, today's society is more likely to cooperate, which indicates a more cohesive society and a willingness to seek help from responsible organisations.
Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Latvia, social life and customs"
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Gedi,, Zeri Khairy. “Freedom Belongs to Everyone”: The Experiences of Yazidi Women in Bashiqa and Bahzani. Institute of Development Studies, grudzień 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/creid.2022.009.
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This CREID Policy Briefing provides recommendations to address the marginalisation, discrimination and exclusion faced by Yazidi women in Bashiqa and Bahzani. Yazidi women in Bashiqa and Bahzani today are still living through the trauma and consequences of the genocide committed by the Islamic State (ISIS). In addition, they face a range of further challenges as marginalised women from a minority religion. While more Yazidi girls and young women are progressing in education, harmful social norms, customs and practices – originating from both wider Iraqi society and the Yazidi community itself – create barriers for Yazidi women who want or need to work outside of the home, access healthcare or engage in public life. Widows and divorced women face specific challenges as they are seen as without male protection. Yazidi women also face the stigma that comes from being a former captive of ISIS, and the discrimination that comes from being judged an “infidel” due to their religion.
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Werny, Rafaela, Marie Reich, Miranda Leontowitsch i Frank Oswald. EQualCare Policy Report Germany : Alone but connected? Digital (in)equalities in care work and generational relationships among older people living alone. Frankfurter Forum für interdisziplinäre Alternsforschung, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, październik 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/gups.69905.
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The policy review is part of the project EQualCare: Alone but connected? Digital (in)equalities in care work and generational relationships among older people living alone, a three-year international project involving four countries: Finland, Germany, Latvia and Sweden. EQualCare interrogates inequalities by gender, cultural and socio-economic background between countries, with their different demographics and policy backgrounds. As a first step into empirical analysis, the policy review aims to set the stage for a better understanding of, and policy development on, the intersections of digitalisation with intergenerational care work and care relationships of older people living alone in Germany. The policy review follows a critical approach, in which the problems policy documents address are not considered objective entities, but rather discursively produced knowledge that renders visible some parts of the problem which is to be solved as other possible perspectives are simultaneously excluded. Twenty publicly available documents were studied to analyse the processes in which definitions of care work and digital (in)equalities are circulated, translated and negotiated between the different levels of national government, regional governments and municipalities as well as other agencies in Germany. The policy review consists of two parts: a background chapter providing information on the social structure of Germany, including the historical development of Germany after the Second World War, its political structure, information on the demographic situation with a focus on the 60+ age group, and the income of this age group. In addition, the background presents the structure of work and welfare, the organisation of care for old people, and the state of digitalisation in Germany. The analysis chapter includes a description of the method used as well as an overview of the documents chosen and analysed. The focus of this chapter is on the analysis of official documents that deal with the interplay of living alone in old age, care, and digitalisation. The analysis identified four themes: firstly, ageing is framed largely as a challenge to society, whereas digitalisation is framed as a potential way to tackle social challenges, such as an ageing society. Secondly, challenges of ageing, such as need of care, are set at the individual level, requiring people to organise their care within their own families and immediate social networks, with state support following a principle of subsidiarity. Thirdly, voluntary peer support provides the basis for addressing digital support needs and strategies. Publications by lobby organisations highlight the important work done by voluntary peer support for digital training and the benefits this approach has; they also draw attention to the over-reliance on this form of unpaid support and call for an increase in professional support in ensuring all older people are supported in digital life. Fourthly, ageing as a hinderance to participation in digital life is seen as an interim challenge among younger old people already online.