Artykuły w czasopismach: „Laser plasma radiation”

1

Duston, Dwight. "Ionization–radiation physics of laser fusion: the modeler's view". Canadian Journal of Physics 64, nr 8 (1.08.1986): 998–1005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p86-170.

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Of the many physics issues involved in laser fusion, one of the least understood is the role of ionization and radiation in laser-heated plasmas. Ionization and excitation processes are important since they serve as an energy sink, as well as affecting the various transport coefficients. In addition, the radiative processes occurring in the plasma can not only act as a depletion mechanism for the energy but can also redistribute internal plasma energy from the deposition region to other plasma regions inaccessible via other phenomena. This presentation will be from the point of view of the modeler, whose job it is to make sense of the passive-radiative data obtained by the experimentalist as well as to explain the unobservable phenomena taking place via sophisticated computer models of atomic and radiation physics. Three areas will be discussed: (i) an introduction to the numerical modeling of ionization–radiation in laser plasmas, (ii) radiation diagnostics for laser fusion, and (iii) radiation energetics in laser plasmas.

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Masnavi, Majid, i Martin Richardson. "Spectroscopic Studies of Laser-Based Far-Ultraviolet Plasma Light Source". Applied Sciences 11, nr 15 (27.07.2021): 6919. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11156919.

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A series of experiments is described which were conducted to measure the absolute spectral irradiances of laser plasmas created from metal targets over the wavelength region of 123–164 nm by two separate 1.0 μm lasers, i.e., using 100 Hz, 10 ns, 2–20 kHz, 60–100 ns full-width-at-half-maximum pulses. A maximum radiation conversion efficiency of ≈3%/2πsr is measured over a wavelength region from ≈125 to 160 nm. A developed collisional-radiative solver and radiation-hydrodynamics simulations in comparison to the spectra detected by the Seya–Namioka-type monochromator reveal the strong broadband experimental radiations which mainly originate from bound–bound transitions of low-ionized charges superimposed on a strong continuum from a dense plasma with an electron temperature of less than 10 eV.

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Hematizadeh, A., F. Bakhtiari, S. M. Jazayeri i B. Ghafary. "Strong terahertz radiation generation by beating of two laser beams in magnetized overdense plasma". Laser and Particle Beams 34, nr 3 (22.07.2016): 527–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034616000410.

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AbstractTerahertz (THz) radiation generation by nonlinear mixing of two laser beams, obliquely incident on an overdense plasma is investigated. In an overdense plasma, the laser beams penetrate to only thin layer of a plasma surface and reflected. At this thin layer, the laser beams exert a ponderomotive force on the electrons of plasma and impart them oscillatory velocity at the different frequency of lasers. THz waves appear in the reflected component from the plasma surface. The amplitude of THz waves can be augmented by applying the magnetic field perpendicular to the direction of propagation of lasers. It is found that the field strength of the emitted THz radiations is sensitive to the angle of incident of the laser beams, beat frequency, and magnetic field strength. In this scheme, the magnetic field strength plays an important role for strong THz wave generation.

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4

Min, Q., X. B. Liu, M. G. Su, Y. H. Wu, D. X. Sun, S. Q. Cao i C. Z. Dong. "Numerical simulation of the effect of laser wavelength on nanosecond laser ablation and plasma characteristic". Physics of Plasmas 29, nr 5 (maj 2022): 052103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0084874.

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Based on the heat conduction equation, hydrodynamics equations, and radiation transport equation, a two-dimensional axisymmetric radiation hydrodynamics model is developed. The charge state distribution and energy level population in the plasma are solved by the collisional-radiative model using screened hydrogenic levels. The model is used to study the effect of excitation laser wavelength at 1064 and 266 nm on aluminum target evolution, plasma generation, laser absorption in the plasma, and the plasma characteristic during laser ablation in the presence of atmospheric pressure. For 1064 nm radiation, the evaporation of the target surface stops earlier and the plasma formation time is later. The plasma has higher temperature as well as density and the hottest region is at the forefront of the plasma. The plasma shielding effect resulted in a sharp decrease in the laser transmissivity of 1064 nm radiation to about 0.1%, while the transmissivity of 266 nm radiation only decreased to about 30%. The inverse bremsstrahlung is the most important laser absorption mechanism for 1064 nm, whereas photoionization dominates the entire absorption process in the case of 266 nm radiation. The effect of the plasma model on optical breakdown has been present. The results show that neither breakdown nor plasma formation is encountered if the local thermodynamic equilibrium model is used in 266 nm radiation.

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5

Magesh Kumar, K. K., M. Kumar, T. Yuan, Z. M. Sheng i M. Chen. "Terahertz radiation from plasma filament generated by two-color laser gas–plasma interaction". Laser and Particle Beams 33, nr 3 (10.06.2015): 473–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034615000518.

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AbstractWe develop a theoretical model for terahertz (THz) radiation generation, when an intense short laser pulse (ω1, k1) is mixed with its frequency shifted second harmonic (ω2, k2), where ω2 = 2ω1 + ωT and ωT is in the THz range in the plasma. The lasers exert a ponderomotive force on the electrons and drive density perturbations at (2ω1, 2k1) and (ω2 − ω1, k2 − k1). These density perturbations couple with the oscillatory velocities of the electron due to the lasers and produce a nonlinear current at (ω2 − 2ω1, k2 − 2k1). This current acts as an antenna to produce the THz radiation. The THz power depends upon the square of plasma density and $I_1^2 {I_2}$, where I1 and I2 are the intensities of fundamental and second harmonic laser. The radiation is mainly along the forward direction. Two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations are used to study the near-field radiation properties.

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6

Bazylev, B. N., F. N. Borovik, G. A. Vergunova, S. I. Kaskova, G. S. Romanov, V. B. Rozanov, L. K. Stanchits, K. L. Stepanov i A. V. Teterev. "Nonequilibrium emission from laser-generated target plasma". Laser and Particle Beams 6, nr 4 (listopad 1988): 709–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034600005656.

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Radiation characteristics of laser targets are studied in the soft X-ray region where photorecombination, bremsstrahlung and transitions in the discrete spectrum are the basic mechanisms of spectrum formation. The impact-radiational model is employed to describe the states of the laser target plasma. Characteristics obtained from the solution of the kinetic problem are used to compute absorption and emission coefficients. To set the time scale for a given field of gas-dynamic parameters, the transfer equation is solved and detailed information is obtained on the spectral composition of the outgoing radiation and its temporal evolution. Effective emission temperatures and radiation losses are determined. Integral radiation parameters are compared which have been derived from the solution of the transfer equation employing a volume luminescence approximation.

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7

Oks, Eugene. "Method for Measuring the Laser Field and the Opacity of Spectral Lines in Plasmas". Plasma 4, nr 1 (20.01.2021): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plasma4010003.

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In experimental studies of laser-plasma interactions, the laser radiation can exist inside plasma regions where the electron density is below the critical density (“underdense” plasma), as well as at the surface of the critical density. The surface of the critical density could exhibit a rich physics. Namely, the incident laser radiation can get converted in transverse electromagnetic waves of significantly higher amplitudes than the incident radiation, due to various nonlinear processes. We proposed a diagnostic method based on the laser-produced satellites of hydrogenic spectral lines in plasmas. The method allows measuring both the laser field (or more generally, the field of the resulting transverse electromagnetic wave) and the opacity from experimental spectrum of a hydrogenic line exhibiting satellites. This spectroscopic diagnostic should be useful for a better understanding of laser-plasma interactions, including relativistic laser-plasma interactions.

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8

Brunner, W., R. W. John, H. Paul i H. Steudel. "Radiation reabsorption in a laser-produced plasma". Laser and Particle Beams 6, nr 4 (listopad 1988): 723–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034600005668.

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Taking into account the emission and absorption of resonance radiation in a recombining laser-produced plasma of intermediate density, the system of rate equations for the population densities coupled with the radiative transfer equation is approximately treated. In the case of spatially varying absorption we derive an approximate form of the rate equation determining the population density of the upper resonance level. By applying this relation to an axially symmetric plasma a simple formula that describes the effect of radiation reabsorption on the spatial behaviour of the population density is obtained.

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9

Takabe, H., T. Nishikawa i S. Nakamura. "Non-LTE atomic modeling for laser-produced plasmas". Laser and Particle Beams 11, nr 1 (marzec 1993): 119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034600006972.

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Atomic modeling of high-Z partially ionized plasma is essential for simulating radiation hydrodynamics of laser-produced plasma. A collisional-radiative model based upon an average atom model is used to calculate plasma opacity and emissivity. Because line radiations are most dominant in such plasma, the detail configuration accounting (DCA) for electronic state is required. We propose a statistical method to carry out the DCA with the use of the average population of bound electrons. Further modeling of line group made of the same transition from ions in different change states is discussed by considering the detail structure (hierarchy) of the line group.

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10

Bakos, J. S., I. B. Földes, P. N. Ignácz, M. Á. Kedves i J. Szigeti. "Radiation imprisonment in laser blow-off plasma". Laser and Particle Beams 10, nr 4 (grudzień 1992): 715–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034600004651.

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Sodium laser blow-off plasma of low temperature (in the 1-eV range) is generated by laser intensities of 108–5.109 W cm−2. Imprisonment of resonant laser light has been observed. These experiments show that basic processes of interaction of radiation with level populations can be studied in the visible range, where the atomic levels have longer lifetimes than the ionic ones in hot plasmas, corresponding to X-ray generation. The imprisonment and resonant effects with various experimental parameters were investigated together with the nonresonant scattering on fragments.

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11

Hematizadeh, A., S. M. Jazayeri i B. Ghafary. "Generation of terahertz radiation by beating of two laser beams in collisional magnetized plasma". Laser and Particle Beams 34, nr 4 (30.08.2016): 569–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034616000513.

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AbstractThis paper presents analytical calculations for terahertz (THz) radiation by beating of two cosh-Gaussian laser beams in a density rippled collisional magnetized plasma. Lasers beams exert a ponderomotive force on the electrons of plasma in beating frequency which generates THz waves. The magnetic field was considered parallel to the direction of lasers which leads to propagate right-hand circularly polarized or left-hand circularly polarized waves in the plasma depending on the phase matching conditions. Effects of collision frequency, decentered parameter of lasers and the magnetic field strength are analyzed for THz radiation generation. By the optimization of laser and plasma parameters, the efficiency of order 27% can be achieved.

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12

Bakhtiari, Farhad, Shole Golmohammady, Masoud Yousefi, Fatemeh D. Kashani i Bijan Ghafary. "Generation of terahertz radiation in collisional plasma by beating of two dark hollow laser beams". Laser and Particle Beams 33, nr 3 (10.06.2015): 463–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026303461500049x.

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AbstractThis paper presents a scheme of terahertz radiation generation based on beating of two dark hollow laser beams with different frequencies, the same electric field amplitudes, in actual plasma with spatially periodic density that electron–neutral collisions have taken into account. The main feature of considered hollow laser beams is, having the same power at different beam orders. Because of special distribution in beam intensity gradient in dark hollow laser beam, the produced terahertz radiation has special field profile. The effects of laser and plasma parameters on terahertz radiation generation are investigated analytically. It can be deduced that by increasing beating frequency, efficiency of terahertz generation decreases which can be compensated by manipulating density ripple magnitudes and dark-size adjusting parameter. The intensity of the emitted radiations is found to be highly sensitive to the beam order. Based on the results of this paper, optimization of laser and plasma parameters can increase the efficiency of terahertz radiation generation strongly.

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13

Witkowski, S. "Physics of dense plasma research at MPQ". Laser and Particle Beams 7, nr 3 (sierpień 1989): 521–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034600007497.

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The main tool for the laser plasma work at MPQ (Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik) is the ASTERIX iodine laser delivering 300 J/300 ps pulses at 1·3 m, operational also at 2ω and 3ω. A fifth 30-cm diameter am lifier is under construction to increase the pulse energy up to 2 kJ.Soft X-ray radiation emitted by laser plasmas and its influence on energy transport and hydrodynamics is studied. Time and space resolved spectroscopic measurements of soft X-radiation from a variety of targets are compared with analytical models and computer results. Planck radiation is produced in gold cavities to study radiation hydrodynamics. Theoretical work comprises shock waves in solids, the electronic structure of very high density matter, radiation pumped X-ray laser and development of the appropriate computer codes.Estimates indicate that dense plasmas with temperatures of several ten keV can be produced with the heavy ion accelerator now under construction at GSI-Darmstadt. Experiments are being prepared to be started in 1991. Measurements at the present UNILAC-accelerator confirm the theoretical prediction that the energy loss of heavy ions in a plasma is much higher than in cold matter.

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14

Bartnik, A., R. Fedosejevs, P. Wachulak, H. Fiedorowicz, C. Serbanescu, E. G. Saiz, D. Riley, S. Toleikis i D. Neely. "Photo-ionized neon plasmas induced by radiation pulses of a laser-plasma EUV source and a free electron laser FLASH". Laser and Particle Beams 31, nr 2 (27.03.2013): 195–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034613000050.

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AbstractIn this work, a laser-produced plasma extreme ultraviolet source and a free electron laser were used to create Ne photo-ionized plasmas. In both cases, a radiation beam was focused onto a gas stream injected into a vacuum chamber synchronously with the radiation pulse. Extreme ultraviolet radiation from the plasma spanned a wide spectral range with pronounced maximum centered at λ = 11 ± 1 nm while the free electron laser pulses were emitted at a wavelength of 32 nm. The power density of the focused plasma radiation was approximately 2 × 107 W/cm2 and was seven orders of magnitude lower compared with the focused free electron laser beam. Radiation fluences in both experimental conditions were comparable. Despite quite different spectral characteristics and extremely different power densities, emission spectra of both photo-ionized plasmas consist of the same spectral lines within a wavelength range of 20 to 50 nm, however, with different relative intensities of the corresponding lines. The dominating spectral lines originated from singly charged ions (Ne II); however, Ne III lines were also detected. Additionally, computer simulations of the emission spectra, obtained for photo-ionized plasmas, driven by the plasma extreme ultraviolet source, were performed. The corresponding measured and calculated spectra are presented. An electron temperature and ionic composition were estimated. Differences between the experimental spectra, obtained for both irradiation conditions, were analyzed. The differences were attributed mainly to different energies of driving photons.

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15

USCHMANN, I., P. GIBBON, D. KLÖPFEL, T. FEURER, E. FÖRSTER, P. AUDEBERT, J. P. GEINDRE, J. C. GAUTHIER, A. ROUSSE i C. RISCHEL. "X-ray emission produced by hot electrons from fs-laser produced plasma— diagnostic and application". Laser and Particle Beams 17, nr 4 (październik 1999): 671–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034699174123.

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High intensity fs-laser pulses can deliver focused intensities in the region of 1016–1019 W/cm2. If the laser pulse is focused onto a solid or gaseous material, a plasma is created. The electrons, as well as the ions are accelerated in the strong laser field up to energies in the range of keV to several MeV. The interaction of the high energy particles with cold material, that is, the solid target yield of intense X-ray emission, K-shell—as well as bremsstrahlung-radiation. The K-shell emission from layered targets is a useful indicator of the production efficiency, energy distribution, and transport of hot electrons produced in fs-laser plasmas. For the diagnosis of laser plasma interaction and its application as an intense X-ray source, the spatial, temporal and spectral distribution of K-shell X rays is of fundamental importance. Focusing crystal spectrographs can be used to obtain a single shot X-ray spectra of laser plasmas produced by table top fs-lasers. With a spatial- and spectral-focusing spectrograph based on a toroidally bent crystal, the emission region of the hot plasma and Kα-radiation can be determined. Recording the spectra online by a frontside illuminated charge-coupled device (CCD) allows alignment of the crystal spectrograph, as well as the laser beam focusing leading to different X-ray source sizes. Using a controlled fs-prepulse, an increase in Kα radiation could be observed with the diagnostic.Measurements of calibrated high resolution spectra are compared with particle-in-cell (PIC) calculations of the laser absorption and hot electron production postprocessed by a Monte–Carlo (MC) transport model of electron stopping and Kα X-ray generation.

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Bakhtiari, Farhad, Masoud Yousefi, Shole Golmohammady, Seyed Masoud Jazayeri i Bijan Ghafary. "Generation of terahertz radiation by beating of two circular flat-topped laser beams in collisional plasma". Laser and Particle Beams 33, nr 4 (15.10.2015): 713–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026303461500083x.

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AbstractThis paper presents a scheme of terahertz (THz) radiation generation based on beating of two flat-topped laser beams by different frequencies and the same electric field amplitudes in actual plasma with spatially periodic density that electron–neutral collisions have been taken into account. Flat-topped laser beams have the exclusive features such as steep gradient in distribution of laser intensities, wider cross-section in comparison with other profiles, which make stronger ponderomotive force and lead to stronger nonlinear current and hence, THz radiation of higher field. The effects of laser and plasma parameters on THz radiation generation are investigated analytically. It is shown that by increasing the order of flatness of incident laser beams, because of their steep gradient, good enhancement in emitted THz radiation take place. It can be deduced that by increasing beating frequency, efficiency of THz generation decreases which can be compensated by manipulating in density ripple magnitudes. The intensity of the emitted radiations is found to be highly sensitive to the order of flatness. Based on the results of this paper, optimization of laser and plasma parameters can increase the efficiency of THz radiation generation strongly.

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17

Siqing Wu, Siqing Wu, Jinsong Liu Jinsong Liu, Shenglie Wang Shenglie Wang i Yanan Zeng Yanan Zeng. "Influence of optical wavelength on terahertz radiation from laser-induced air plasma". Chinese Optics Letters 11, nr 10 (2013): 101402–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201311.101402.

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Khaskin, V. Yu, V. M. Korzhyk, A. V. Bernatskii, O. M. Voitenko, Ye V. Illyashenko i D. Cai. "Features of synergistic effect manifestation in laser-plasma welding of SUS304 steel, using disc laser radiation". Paton Welding Journal 2020, nr 4 (28.04.2020): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.37434/tpwj2020.04.04.

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Huang, H., i G. J. Tallents. "The output of a laser amplifier with simultaneous amplified spontaneous emission and an injected seed". Laser and Particle Beams 27, nr 3 (19.06.2009): 393–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034609000500.

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AbstractThe minimum irradiance needed to overcome amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) of a seed beam injected into a laser amplifier is evaluated. The treatment is particularly applicable to extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and X-ray laser schemes to inject laser harmonic radiation as a seed into (1) plasma laser amplifiers and (2) free-electron lasers. Simple expressions and calculations are given for the minimum injected irradiance required for amplification of the injected seed beam to exceed ASE from the amplifier, including the effects of gain saturation, assuming one dimensional radiative transfer.

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20

Keskinen, M. J., i A. Schmitt. "Nonlocal electron heat flow in high-Z laser-plasmas with radiation transport". Laser and Particle Beams 25, nr 3 (5.07.2007): 333–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034607000146.

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The effects of radiation transport on nonlocal electron heat flow in high Z laser-produced plasmas is studied. Using a Fokker-Planck model for the electron heat flow, which is coupled to a radiation transport model, it is found that radiation transport strongly modifies electron heat transport at the critical surface and in the overdense regions for an aluminum plasma. It is concluded that, without radiation transport effects, the plasma temperature, as computed from Fokker-Planck models, is overestimated in the critical region and underestimated in the overdense region, for high-Z plasmas.

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21

YUGAMI, Noboru, i Takeshi Higashiguchi. "Terahertz radiation from laser created plasma". Review of Laser Engineering 36, Supplement (2008): 82–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2184/lsj.36.82.

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Fujita, J., S. Morita i M. Sakurai. "X-ray diagnostics for fusion plasmas". Laser and Particle Beams 7, nr 3 (sierpień 1989): 483–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034600007448.

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We have developed medium and high resolution X-ray crystal spectrometers for measurements of charge state distributions of impurity ions, density of suprathermal electrons and ion temperature in magnetically confined plasmas. The techniques utilizing these spectrometers are, in principle, applicable to laser produced plasmas, especially in their expanding phase. The role of X-ray spectroscopy to produce useful data for atomic physics as well as for plasma diagnostics is emphasized. A beam-line has been designed and installed to the Ultraviolet Synchrotron Radiation Facility (UVSOR) at IMS, Okazaki, for the purpose of establishing calibration techniques for optical components, detectors and spectrometers in the range from ultraviolet to soft X ray for plasma diagnostics. Characteristics of the beam and its application to the study of interaction between synchrotron radiation and hot dense plasmas are described. Synchrotron radiation can replace the dye laser which has so far been used as a light source in the laser-induced fluorescence method to obtain population density of specified levels in a plasma.

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23

Liu, Tao, Chao Feng, Dao Xiang, Jiansheng Liu i Dong Wang. "Generation of ultrashort coherent radiation based on a laser plasma accelerator". Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 26, nr 2 (6.02.2019): 311–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577518018209.

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A laser plasma accelerator (LPA) has the potential to realize compact free-electron laser (FEL) radiation at the regular laboratory scale. However, large initial angular divergence and energy spread dramatically hinder ways to transport the beam and realize FEL radiation. Although methods have been proposed to solve these problems, the relatively large jitter, including transverse position jitter and energy jitter, still limits the advance of these experiments. In this paper a simple method to realize coherent harmonic generation based on a LPA beam is proposed. The scheme is very compact, adopting a high-power laser split from the driver laser, a short modulator and a short radiator which has a great tolerance to these typical types of jitter. Numerical simulations indicate that coherent third-harmonic radiation with gigawatt-level power and single spike spectra can be obtained, verifying the feasibility of the scheme and indicating the capability to generate ultrashort fully coherent radiation.

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Nakajima, Kazuhisa. "Laser-Driven Plasma Electron Acceleration and Radiation". Reviews of Accelerator Science and Technology 09 (styczeń 2016): 19–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793626816300024.

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Laser-driven plasma acceleration of electron beams is reviewed from the viewpoint of the underlying physics and recent progress in the experimental research. Betatron radiation cogenerated from laser plasma accelerators is mentioned in terms of electron beam dynamics and the radiation spectrum. At the end, future perspectives of possible applications are presented.

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London, R. A., N. M. Ceglio, D. C. Eder, A. U. Hazi, C. J. Keane, B. J. Macgowan, D. L. Matthews i in. "The Soft X-Ray Laser Program at Livermore". International Astronomical Union Colloquium 102 (1988): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100107754.

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AbstractWe describe the experiments and supporting theoretical modelling to develop and characterize soft x-ray lasers. The x-ray lasers are created in dense plasmas produced by optical laser irradiation of solid targets with line focussed beams. We use mainly thin foil targets, which upon appropriate illumination, produce rather uniform plasmas. We consider laser schemes pumped by electron collisional excitation and dielectronic recombination in Ne-like and Ni-like ions, and schemes pumped by collisional and radiative recombination following rapid cooling for H-like and Li-like ions.Experimental measurements of the time and space resolved spectra taken both along the lasing axis and at other viewing angles, in addition to data on the angular pattern of x-ray laser radiation and on the absorption and scattering of the optical laser light are presented. These data allow us the determine the characteristics of the plasmas which have been created, as well as the properties of the x-ray lasers, such as the gain coefficients for the inverted transitions, and their spatial and temporal distributions. The modelling includes calculations of the absorption of the optical laser light, the hearing and hydrodynamics of the targets and the evolution of the atomic level populations within the plasma. Transfer of the emitted radiation is calculated, including resonance line trapping, amplification for inverted transitions, and refraction of the x-ray laser beam due to electron density gradients. Results are used to optimize x-ray laser designs before the experiments and to interpret the measured spectra.The latest experimental results from the NOVA laser facility on the performance of several laser schemes and on the use of multilayer mirrors to produce x-ray laser cavities are reported. These results arc compared to the models to test and improve our understanding of the complex physics involved in making x-ray lasers. Based on current experiments, we show how the modelling can be use to design shorter wavelength and more efficient schemes for use in applications such as x-ray holography.

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Luan, Shixia, Wei Yu, Jingwei Wang, Mingyang Yu, Suming Weng, Masakatsu Murakami, Jingwei Wang, Han Xu i Hongbin Zhuo. "Trapping of electromagnetic radiation in self-generated and preformed cavities". Laser and Particle Beams 31, nr 4 (22.08.2013): 589–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034613000694.

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AbstractLaser light trapping in cavities in near-critical density plasmas is studied by two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation. The laser ponderomotive force can create in the plasma a vacuum cavity bounded by a thin overcritical-density wall. The laser light is self-consistently trapped as a half-cycle electromagnetic wave in the form of an oscillon-caviton structure until it is slowly depleted through interaction with the cavity wall. When the near-critical density plasma contains a preformed cavity, laser light can become a standing wave in the latter. The trapped light is characterized as multi-peak structure. The overdense plasma wall around the self-generated and preformed cavities induced by the laser ponderomotive force is found to be crucial for pulse trapping. Once this wall forms, the trapped pulse can hardly penetrate.

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Meng, Chun Mei, Hong Bing Yao, Yong Kang Zhang i Yan Qun Tong. "Analysis and Development of the Experimental Apparatus of the Laser-Induced Plasma Spectrum". Key Engineering Materials 464 (styczeń 2011): 424–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.464.424.

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This paper mostly summarizes experimental device of laser-induced plasma and taking pictures of plasma plume. The progress in the experimental study on laser-induced plasma was discussed. The experimental apparatus include the laser、delay device; The system of the plasma radiation gathered and radiation received were reviewed. In addition, photos of plasma plume were discussed; at last, dynamic process of laser-induced plasma plume explosion was discussed.

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LI, WEI, SHIBING LIU, CHENGXIN YU i WEI YANG. "QUANTUM THEORY OF RADIATION IN LASER PLASMA". Modern Physics Letters B 24, nr 22 (30.08.2010): 2317–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984910024754.

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Based on the Langevin noise approach, a full quantum theory of radiation in laser plasma is explored, where the laser intensity is limited to the range of 1010 W/cm2 to 1012 W/cm2 and the plasma is considered as a homogeneous dielectric background. By numerical calculation, the results show that the radiation is generated from the resonance of the plasma and the emitted rate of photons depends on the angular relation between the directions of radiation fields and the motion of the unbounded free electrons. In addition, the photons are more easily created under the lower collision frequency.

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29

Brunner, W., i Th Schlegel. "Gain and radiation trapping in laser-produced plasmas". Laser and Particle Beams 6, nr 2 (maj 1988): 277–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026303460000402x.

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The spatial and temporal behaviour of the X-ray gain in laser-produced plasmas is investigated theoretically. Hydrodynamical 1–D simulations of plasma heating and expansion for different laser parameters are combined with calculations of the corresponding density distributions for the ionic states in the plasma. The interesting energy level populations in hydrogen-like ions are found with radiation reabsorption taken into account. Results will be presented for cylindrical C and Al targets for the 3→2 (C) and 4→3 (C, Al) transitions. It is shown that the reabsorption of the Lα-line reduces the value of the gain for the 3→2 transition and modifies its spatial and temporal distribution.

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30

Heidari, E. "Relativistic Laser-Plasma Interactions. Moving Solitary Waves in Plasma Channels and the Kinetic Dispersion Relation of Cherenkov Radiation". Ukrainian Journal of Physics 62, nr 12 (grudzień 2017): 1017–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ujpe62.12.1017.

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Salvadori, Martina, Pier Luigi Andreoli, Mattia Cipriani, Fabrizio Consoli, Giuseppe Cristofari, Riccardo De Angelis, Giorgio di Giorgio i in. "Laser Irradiated Foam Targets: Absorption and Radiative Properties". EPJ Web of Conferences 167 (2018): 05003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201816705003.

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An experimental campaign to characterize the laser radiation absorption of foam targets and the subsequent emission of radiation from the produced plasma was carried out in the ABC facility of the ENEA Research Center in Frascati (Rome). Different targets have been used: plastic in solid or foam state and aluminum targets. The activated different diagnostics allowed to evaluate the plasma temperature, the density distribution, the fast particle spectrum and the yield of the X-Ray radiation emitted by the plasma for the different targets. These results confirm the foam homogenization action on laser-plasma interaction, mainly attributable to the volume absorption of the laser radiation propagating in such structured materials. These results were compared with simulation absorption models of the laser propagating into a foam target.

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32

SHAPIRO, D. "ION LASER THEORY". International Journal of Modern Physics B 10, nr 18n19 (30.08.1996): 2405–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979296001070.

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Ion lasers, especially argon, are the most powerful sources of visible and near UV continuous coherent radiation. The active medium of lasers is low-temperature plasma. They are familiar to scientists and engineers from the 70’s. However, a series of physical effects remained unclear and there was a barrier to enhancing the power and improving the quality of the output radiation. The theory of ion lasers is developed at the interface between plasma physics and quantum optics. This paper covers the solution of some of these physical problems, particularly, the high-current regime of gas discharge and the quantum kinetics of ionic collisions. The high-current multi-component discharge is important for intense generation in the ultraviolet spectrum. The ionic scattering leads to the Lamb dip broadening in the single-frequency laser and increases its output.

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33

Jaroszynski, D. A., R. Bingham, E. Brunetti, B. Ersfeld, J. Gallacher, B. van der Geer, R. Issac i in. "Radiation sources based on laser–plasma interactions". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 364, nr 1840 (25.01.2006): 689–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2005.1732.

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Plasma waves excited by intense laser beams can be harnessed to produce femtosecond duration bunches of electrons with relativistic energies. The very large electrostatic forces of plasma density wakes trailing behind an intense laser pulse provide field potentials capable of accelerating charged particles to high energies over very short distances, as high as 1 GeV in a few millimetres. The short length scale of plasma waves provides a means of developing very compact high-energy accelerators, which could form the basis of compact next-generation light sources with unique properties. Tuneable X-ray radiation and particle pulses with durations of the order of or less than 5 fs should be possible and would be useful for probing matter on unprecedented time and spatial scales. If developed to fruition this revolutionary technology could reduce the size and cost of light sources by three orders of magnitude and, therefore, provide powerful new tools to a large scientific community. We will discuss how a laser-driven plasma wakefield accelerator can be used to produce radiation with unique characteristics over a very large spectral range.

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34

Sugimoto, K., N. Iwata, A. Sunahara, T. Sano i Y. Sentoku. "Dynamics of ultrafast heated radiative plasmas driven by petawatt laser light". Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion 64, nr 3 (21.01.2022): 035004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6587/ac4313.

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Abstract A relativistic petawatt laser light can heat a high Z metal above keV temperatures isochorically and ionize it almost fully. Copious hard x-rays are emitted from a high-Z hot plasma, which acts as an x-ray source, while x-ray emissions serve as an energy sink for the plasma. The isochoric heating of a solid silver foil irradiated by a relativistic laser light is studied with the help of 1D and 2D particle-in-cell simulations including Coulomb collisions, ionizations, and radiation processes. We find that the radiation power from the keV silver plasma is comparable to the incident laser power when the laser intensity is less than 1019 W cm−2. Thus, the plasma formation and particle acceleration are affected by the radiation, e.g. a highly compressed shock formation. Once the laser heating is over, the silver plasma loses its energy on a timescale of picoseconds, during which hard x-rays flash. The radiation spectra of the keV silver plasma are also presented.

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35

Bartnik, A., H. Fiedorowicz, T. Fok, R. Jarocki, M. Szczurek i P. Wachulak. "Low temperature photoionized Ne plasmas induced by laser-plasma EUV sources". Laser and Particle Beams 33, nr 2 (20.03.2015): 193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026303461500021x.

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AbstractIn this work, two laser-produced plasma (LPP) sources – extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and a LPP soft X-ray (SXR) source were used to create Ne photoionized plasmas. A radiation beam was focused onto a gas stream, injected into a vacuum chamber synchronously with the radiation pulse. EUV radiation spanned a wide spectral range with pronounced maximum centered at λ≈11 nm, while in case of the SXR source spectral maximum was at λ≈1.4 nm. Emission spectra of photoionized plasmas created this way were measured in a wide spectral range λ = 10–100 nm. The dominating spectral lines originated from singly charged ions (Ne II) and neutral atoms (Ne I). For the highest radiation fluence, spectral lines originating from Ne III and even Ne IV species were detected. Differences between the experimental spectra, obtained for all irradiation conditions, were analyzed. They were attributed either to different fluence or spectral distribution of driving photons.

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36

Ganeev, R. A. "Strong Field-Induced Frequency Conversion of Laser Radiation in Plasma Plumes: Recent Achievements". Scientific World Journal 2013 (2013): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/127670.

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New findings in plasma harmonics studies using strong laser fields are reviewed. We discuss recent achievements in the growth of the efficiency of coherent extreme ultraviolet (XUV) radiation sources based on frequency conversion of the ultrashort pulses in the laser-produced plasmas, which allowed for the spectral and structural studies of matter through the high-order harmonic generation (HHG) spectroscopy. These studies showed that plasma HHG can open new opportunities in many unexpected areas of laser-matter interaction. Besides being considered as an alternative method for generation of coherent XUV radiation, it can be used as a powerful tool for various spectroscopic and analytical applications.

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37

Krivtsun, I. V., I. V. Krikent, V. F. Demchenko, U. Reisgen, A. F. Zabirov i O. A. Mokrov. "Interaction of CO₂-laser radiation beam with electric arc plasma in hybrid (Laser + TIG) welding". Paton Welding Journal 2015, nr 4 (28.04.2015): 6–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/tpwj2015.04.01.

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38

Magunov, A., A. Faenov, I. Skobelev, T. Pikuz, D. Batani, M. Milani, M. Costato i in. "Formation of the X-ray line emission spectrum of excimer laser-produced plasmas". Laser and Particle Beams 16, nr 1 (marzec 1998): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034600011770.

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Time- and space-integrated emission spectra measurements have been performed in plasma produced by 308 nm wavelength XeCl laser radiation (IL = (4–10)·1012 W/cm2, τ = 10 ns) and by 248 nm wavelength KrF laser pulse train radiation (IL = 5·1015 W/cm2, τ = 7 ps, 16 pulses in train) on CF2 plane target. Theoretical modelling of Lyman series and He-like ion resonance series of fluorine and its fit of experimental data show considerable differences in the absorption of laser radiation in the two plasmas.

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39

Jiang, X. Y., S. M. Weng, H. H. Ma, X. F. Li, C. F. Wu, Z. Liu, Y. Zhao, M. Chen i Z. M. Sheng. "Broadband electromagnetic emission via mode conversion mediated by stimulated Raman scattering in inhomogeneous plasma". Physics of Plasmas 30, nr 2 (luty 2023): 022105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0098680.

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Electromagnetic emission via linear mode conversion from electron plasma waves (EPWs) excited by stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) of an incident laser pulse in inhomogeneous plasma is investigated theoretically and numerically. It is found that the mode conversion can occur naturally in underdense plasma region below the quarter critical density provided that EPWs are generated due to the development of backward SRS when the laser pulse is incident at certain angle with the plasma density gradient. The produced radiation may cover a broad frequency range up to half of the incident laser frequency. The dependence of the radiation conversion efficiency on the laser intensity, incident angle, laser pulse duration, plasma density scale length, and initial electron temperature is analyzed based on one-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation. In two-dimensional geometry, due to the development of sideward SRS, it is found that the mode conversion to occur even at normal incidence of the laser pulse. The radiation frequency, bandwidth, duration, and amplitude can be well controlled by the laser and plasma parameters, suggesting that it may provide a new source of tunable broadband radiation as well as a diagnosis of the development of SRS.

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40

Kaśkova, S. I., G. S. Romanov i K. L. Stepanov. "Line radiation transfer in non-equilibrium laser plasma". Laser and Particle Beams 6, nr 4 (listopad 1988): 703–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034600005644.

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The self-radiation characteristics of plasma created under the effect of a powerful laser radiation on a target are considered. The radiation in the spectral range from 1 to 1300 Å is calculated in coherent assumption for given gas-dynamic fields corresponding to various phases of laser target explosion. The source function was determined in accordance with a plasma radiation-collision model with the assumption of its transparency. Calculations show that the contribution of line radiation to the total flux may be from 20 to 60%. Mainly, this paper considers radiation transfer. The effect of self-radiation on level populations and frequency redistribution at resonance scattering is taken into account. The resonance scattering is predominant in the coronal plasma. Exit of photons from deeper layers of the target in comparison with the coherent case increases. Macroscopic plasma motion leading to spectral line shift is taken into consideration in the calculations. Output radiation spectral intensity distribution in oxygen and silicon H-like ions resonance lines has been determined. Spectral line profiles calculated with account of basic broadening mechanisms were used.

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41

Davis, J., R. Clark i J. Giuliani. "Ultrashort pulse laser-produced Al/Si plasma". Laser and Particle Beams 13, nr 1 (marzec 1995): 3–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034600008818.

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The X-ray emission from an ultrashort-pulse laser incident on a solid aluminum and a layered aluminum /silicon slab is investigated with a non-LTE radiation-hydrodynamics model coupled to a Helmholtz wave equation for P-wave polarization. A fraction of the absorbed energy is expended in the production of fast electrons, which are transported and deposited in the cold material. These electrons create K-shell vacancies that produce characteristic Kα line radiation. A time history of the emission spectra, including the Kα lines and continuum radiation, is presented for a laser intensity of 1017 W/cm2.

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42

Grushin, Alexander Sergeevich, Ilia Yurievich Vichev, Dmitrii Andreevich Kim i Anna Dmitrievna Solomyannaya. "Approximate methods of taking into account nonequilibrium radiation field in plasmas". Keldysh Institute Preprints, nr 10 (2022): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.20948/prepr-2022-10.

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In certain plasma physics problems it is very important to take into account nonequilibrium of the radiation field. Primarily it concerns laser and pinch plasmas characterized by stiff density and temperature gradients. In this paper, a method is presented for approximate accounting for the nonequilibrium of the radiation field in plasmas, which is based on the approximation of the real radiation field by a parameterized Planckian function with subsequent interpolation of plasma properties on a certain tabulated basis. A comparison with several other approximate methods for taking into account the plasma nonequilibrium showed that the proposed method has promising potential.

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43

Orlov, N. Yu, O. B. Denisov, O. N. Rosmej, D. Schäfer, Th Nisius, Th Wilhein, N. Zhidkov i in. "Theoretical and experimental studies of material radiative properties and their applications to laser and heavy ion inertial fusion". Laser and Particle Beams 29, nr 1 (10.02.2011): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034610000777.

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AbstractTheoretical and experimental studies of radiative properties of substances heated by pulsed current devises or lasers and used as X-ray sources have been carried out depending on plasma conditions, and specific spectra of X-ray absorption and radiation for different materials have been calculated. Important features of the theoretical model, known as the ion model of plasma, are discussed. This model can be applied for calculations of the radiative properties of complex materials over a wide range of plasma parameters. For purposes of indirect-driven inertial fusion based on the hohlraum concept, an optimization method is used for the selection of an effective complex hohlraum wall material, which provides high radiation efficiency at laser interaction with the wall. The radiation efficiency of the resulting material is compared with the efficiency of other composite materials that have previously been evaluated theoretically. A similar theoretical study is performed for the optically thin X-pinch plasma produced by exploding wires. Theoretical estimations of radiative efficiency are compared with experimental data that have been obtained from measurements of X-pinch radiation energy yield using two exploding wire materials, NiCr and Alloy 188. It is shown that the theoretical results agree well with the experimental data. A symmetric multilayer X-pinch, where W and Mo wires are used, is as well considered. The theoretical explanation of experimental phenomena is discussed based on the W and Mo radiative spectra. The ion model was as well applied for interpretation of experimental results on opacities of CHO-plasma obtained via indirect heating of low density polymer layers by means of soft X-rays. The new diagnostics method based on the deformation of the of the Carbon absorption K-edge when foam layer is heated to plasma is discussed. The spectral coefficients for X-ray absorption in CHO-plasma are calculated in the photon energy region around the Carbon K-edge for different plasma temperatures and mean foam density. In this case, the Carbon K-edge position on the energy scale can be used for plasma temperature diagnostic.

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Agrawal, E., N. K. Verma i P. Jha. "Enhanced harmonic generation by propagation of two-color p-polarized laser beams in plasma". Laser and Particle Beams 35, nr 1 (16.02.2017): 182–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034617000052.

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AbstractA theoretical model is developed for studying the generation of third-harmonic radiation by the interaction of obliquely incident, two-color p-polarized laser beams with spatially varying plasma density. The ratio of the fundamental frequencies of the two laser beams are considered to be an arbitrary integer. The amplitude of harmonic radiation obtained by oblique incidence of two-color laser fields propagating in homogeneous plasma is enhanced in comparison with that obtained by normal incidence of two-color laser beams. The periodicity of the plasma density allows the harmonic radiation to be phase-matched, leading to further increase in the amplitude of phase-matched harmonic radiation by an order of magnitude. The amplitude of the generated harmonic radiation increases with the increase in angle of incidence.

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45

Singh, Mamta, i Devki Nandan Gupta. "Optical second-and third harmonic radiation generation in a laser-produced plasma". Laser Physics 32, nr 8 (23.06.2022): 085001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1555-6611/ac787a.

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Abstract The harmonic generation of a laser in gases is strictly dependent on the ionization dynamics. In this work, we study optical second and third harmonic radiation generation of a laser in an ionizing gas incorporating the electron-ion recombination effects. Neutral gas is irradiated by an intense laser field which generates free-electrons by tunnel ionization. If the laser pulse is long enough, the electron-ion recombination effects need to be accounted for laser dynamics in plasmas. The laser is assumed to have intensity near the tunnel ionization threshold so as to get plasma density varying with time, which in turn gives rise to strong second and third harmonic radiation fields. Here we demonstrate enhanced second- and third-harmonic generation in tunnel-ionizing gas by an intense laser pulse incorporating the effect of electron-ion recombination. The results show that the inclusion of electron-ion recombination reduces the laser defocusing and hence enhances the harmonic radiation amplitudes. A systematic numerical analysis has been done to understand the underlined physics.

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Shaparev, N. Y. "Absorption of laser radiation in ultracold plasma". Chinese Physics B 25, nr 10 (23.09.2016): 103203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-1056/25/10/103203.

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47

Deng, Aihua, Kazuhisa Nakajima, Xiaomei Zhang, Haiyang Lu, Baifei Shen, Jiansheng Liu, Ruxin Li i Zhizhan Xu. "Betatron radiation damping in laser plasma acceleration". Laser and Particle Beams 30, nr 2 (17.04.2012): 281–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034612000079.

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AbstractWe explore the feasibility of accelerating electron beams up to energies much beyond 1 TeV in a realistic scale and evolution of the beam qualities such as emittance and energy spread at the final beam energy on the order of 100 TeV, using the newly formulated coupled equations describing the beam dynamics and radiative damping of electrons. As an example, we present a design for a 100 TeV laser-plasma accelerator in the operating plasma density np = 1015 cm−3 and numerical solutions for evolution of the normalized emittance as well as their analytical solutions. We show that the betatron radiative damping causes very small normalized emittance that promises future applications for the high-energy frontier physics.

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Bogachev, N. N., N. G. Gusein-zade, I. V. Zhluktova, S. Yu Kazantsev, V. A. Kamynin, S. V. Podlesnykh, V. E. Rogalin i in. "Semiconductor Plasma Antennas Formed by Laser Radiation". Technical Physics Letters 45, nr 12 (grudzień 2019): 1223–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1063785019120174.

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49

Knittel, J., D. P. Scherrer i F. K. Kneubühl. "Plasma-shutter for far-infrared laser radiation". Infrared Physics & Technology 35, nr 4 (czerwiec 1994): 655–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1350-4495(94)90032-9.

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50

Bazylev, B. N., F. N. Borovik, G. A. Vergunova, S. I. Kas'kova, G. S. Rozanov, G. S. Romanov, L. K. Stanchits, K. L. Stepanov i A. V. Teterev. "Nonequilibrium plasma radiation emitted from laser targets". Soviet Journal of Quantum Electronics 16, nr 10 (31.10.1986): 1308–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/qe1986v016n10abeh007522.

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