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Heesel, Eva Maria. "Interaction of small molecules with short intense laser pulses". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.413626.
Pełny tekst źródłaHay, Nick. "The interaction of organic molecules and atomic clusters with ultrashort high intensity laser pulses". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312007.
Pełny tekst źródłaTalebpour, Abdossamad. "New advances in the interaction of a femtosecond Ti, sapphire laser with atoms and molecules". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0022/NQ36328.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaZeng, Shuo. "Understanding diatomic molecular dynamics triggered by a few-cycle pulse". Diss., Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/19165.
Pełny tekst źródłaPhysics
Brett D. Esry
In strong field physics, complex atomic and molecular motions can be triggered and steered by an ultrashort strong field. With a given pulse as an carrier-envelope form, E(t) = E₀(t) cos(ωt + φ), we established our photon-phase formalism to decompose the solution of a time-dependent Schrödinger equation in terms of photons. This formalism is further implemented into a general analysis scheme that allows extract photon information direct from the numerical solution. The φ-dependence of any observables then can be understood universally as an interference effect of different photon channels. With this established, we choose the benchmark system H₂⁺ to numerically study its response to an intense few-cycle pulse. This approach helps us identify electronic, rovibrational transitions in terms of photon channels, allowing one to discuss photons in the strong field phenomena quantitatively. Furthermore, the dissociation pathways are visualized in our numerical calculations, which help predicting the outcome of dissociation. Guided by this photon picture, we explored the dissociation in a linearly polarized pulse of longer wavelengths (compared to the 800 nm of standard Ti:Saphire laser). We successfully identified strong post-pulse alignment of the dissociative fragments and found out that such alignment exists even for heavy molecules. More significant spatial asymmetry is confirmed in the longer wavelength regime, because dissociation is no longer dominated by a single photon process and hence allowed for richer interference. Besides, quantitative comparison between theory and experiment have been conducted seeking beyond the qualitative features. The discrepancy caused by different experimental inputs allows us to examine the assumptions made in the experiment. We also extend numerical studies to the dissociative ionization of H₂ by modeling the ionization.
Karam, Charbel. "Optical shielding of collisions between ultracold polar molecules". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASP137.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis work is part of the ongoing research into quantum gases of ultracold molecules. This rapidly expanding field positions these systems as promising platforms for the complete control of quantum gases for applications such as quantum simulation or ultracold chemistry.When these molecules are prepared in their absolute ground state and trapped, observations reveal the rapid escape of molecules from the trap due to collision processes that are still not fully understood, preventing any applications. One solution is to expose these molecules to an electromagnetic field to suppress these losses by "shielding" collisions between molecules. Shielding involves transforming attractive interactions into repulsive ones.In this thesis, I propose a new technique for collision shielding based on a two-photon process in the optical domain. The main motivation for this method is to combine the advantages of existing techniques in the microwave domain while eliminating their limitations.I begin by exploring and modeling long-range interactions between polar molecules, dominated by dipole-dipole interactions. I present my calculations of the potential energy curves of long-range interactions between two molecules in their electronic ground state as well as in electronically excited states. This calculation, carried out in the coupled angular momentum basis in the laboratory frame, allowed me to identify configurations where the interaction between the molecules is repulsive.Thus, it is necessary to couple the attractive initial state of the colliding molecules to this repulsive state. I modeled the interaction between two molecules in a two-photon Raman-type scheme within the dipole approximation. At infinity, the individual molecules are placed in conditions of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT), to protect them from photon scattering, which contributes to the heating of the quantum gas.When the molecules interact, I showed that their exposure to the two photons is modeled through a 5-level scheme, each of which is composed of multiple components. This imposes the need to consider this intrinsic complexity for a faithful representation of the molecules' behavior, departing from known small-level models. The Rabi frequencies and the detuning of the two lasers allow control over the evolution of the collision between molecules.By applying time-independent scattering theory, I propagated the wave function of the two molecules, whose interaction is described by the light-dressed potential curves, using a purely quantum formalism. I calculated the elastic, inelastic, and reactive collision rates induced by the lasers.My goal was to determine the conditions under which the elastic collision rate dominates the inelastic and reactive collision rates, which account for the observed losses. For Rabi frequency and detuning values compatible with typical experimental conditions, the elastic collision rate remains lower than the other rates, preventing effective shielding, though still demonstrating the real influence of the lasers. The main reason for this limited effectiveness is that the proposed scheme relies on second-order dipole-dipole interactions, which are not strong enough to induce sufficiently intense couplings to protect the molecules from losses.To address this issue, we propose using a weak static electric field, which could couple states at the first order, inducing stronger dipole-dipole interactions and thereby more effective shielding. Such a field is necessary for future experiments aiming to study anisotropic effects in quantum gases of ultracold molecules
Viteau, Matthieu. "Pompage optique et refroidissement laser de la vibration de molecules froides". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00367369.
Pełny tekst źródłaUne détection non sélective a été développée, pour la recherche de mécanismes de formation de molécules froides dans l'état fondamental singulet avec peu de vibration. Avec cette nouvelle détection, un nouveau mécanisme de formation de molécules par photoassociation d'atomes froids de césium a été trouvé. Celui-ci permet de former efficacement des molécules dans une distribution de niveaux avec très peu de vibration dans l'état fondamental (X 1Σg+).
En utilisant un laser femtoseconde (large spectralement) façonné, un refroidissement vibrationnel des molécules a été démontré, permettant la formation de molécules froides sans vibrations. Le laser femtoseconde, permet d'exciter les nombreux niveaux vibrationnels, créés par photoassociation, il réalise ainsi un pompage optique des molécules. Le laser est façonné de manière à rendre l'état de vibration zéro, noir pour ce laser, et ainsi accumuler toutes les molécules vers ce seul état.
Ce résultat est également simulé par un model théorique simple. Cette simulation permet de généraliser l'idée au refroidissement de la rotation des molécules.
Une partie (résumée) présente, en s'appuyant sur les différents articles publiés, les études sur les interactions dipôle-dipôle, à grandes portées, entre atomes de Rydberg.
Tong, Xin. "Non-covalent interactions in aromatic molecules and clusters : studies by laser spectroscopy". Thesis, University of York, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.423680.
Pełny tekst źródłaLabeye, Marie. "Molecules interacting with short and intense laser pulses : simulations of correlated ultrafast dynamics". Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS193/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn this thesis we study different aspects of the ultrafast dynamics of atoms and molecules triggered by intense and short infrared laser pulses. Highly non-linear processes like tunnel ionization, high order harmonic generation and above threshold ionization are investigated. Two different and complementary approaches are used. On the one hand we construct approximate analytical models to get physical insight on these processes. On the other hand, these models are supported by the results of accurate numerical simulations that explicitly solve the time dependent Schrödinger equation for simple benchmark models in reduced dimensions. A numerical method based on time dependent configuration interaction is investigated to describe larger and more more complex systems with several electrons
Boutu, Willem. "DYNAMIQUE DE LA GENERATION D'HARMONIQUES DANS LES ATOMES ET LES MOLECULES". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00593728.
Pełny tekst źródłaZhang, Bo. "Experimental Studies of Quantum Dynamics and Coherent Control in Homonuclear Alkali Diatomic Molecules". Doctoral thesis, KTH, Physics, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3420.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe main theme covered in this thesis is experimentalstudies of quantum dynamics and coherent control in homonuclearalkali diatomic molecules by ultrafast laser spectroscopy iththe implementation of pump-probe techniques.
A series of experiments have been performed on the Rb2molecules in a molecular beam as well as in a thermal oven. Thereal-time molecular quantum dynamics of the predissociatingelectronically excited D(3)1Πu state of Rb2, which couples to/intersects several otherneighbouring states, is investigated using wavepackets. Thepredissociation of the D state, explored by this wavepacketmethod, arises from two independent states, the (4)3Σu+and (1)3∆u, for which the second corresponds to a much fasterdecay channel above a sharp energy threshold around 430 nm. Thelifetime of the D state above the energy threshold is obtained,τ ≈ 5 ps, by measuring the decay time of thewavepacket in a thermal oven. Further experimentalinvestigation performed in a molecular beam together withquantum calculations of wavepacket dynamics on the D state haveexplored new probe channels of wavepacket evolution: theD′(3)1Σu+ channel, which exhibits vibrational motionin a shelf state and the (4)3Σu+ channel, where direct build-up of thewavefunction is observed due to its spin-orbit oupling to the Dstate.
The real-time quantum dynamics of wavepackets confined totwo bound states, A1Σu+(0u+) and b3Πu(0u+), have been studied by experiment andcalculations. It is shown that these two states are fullycoupled by spin-orbit interaction, characterised by itsintermediate strength. The intermediate character of thedynamics is established by complicated wavepacket oscillationatterns and a value of 75 cm-1is estimated for the coupling strength at thestate crossing.
The experiments on the Li2molecule are performed by coherent control ofrovibrational molecular wavepackets. First, the Deutsch-Jozsaalgorithm is experimentally demonstrated for three-qubitfunctions using a pure coherent superposition of Li2rovibrational eigenstates. The functionscharacter, either constant or balanced, is evaluated by firstimprinting the function, using a phase-tailored femtosecond(fs) pulse, on a coherent superposition of the molecularstates, and then projecting the superposition onto an ionicfinal state using a second fs pulse at a specific delay time.Furthermore, an amplitude-tailored fs pulse is used to exciteselected rovibrational eigenstates and collision induceddephasing of the wavepacket signal, due to Li2-Ar collisions, is studied experimentally. Theintensities of quantum beats decaying with the delay time aremeasured under various pressures and the collisional crosssections are calculated for each well-defined rovibrationalquantum beat, which set the upper limitsfor ure dephasingcross sections.
Keywords:Ultrafast laser spectroscopy, pump-probetechnique, predissociation, wavepacket, pin-orbit interaction,coherent control, (pure) dephasing
Ferré, Amelie. "Etude des dynamiques moléculaires sondées par générations d'harmoniques d'ordres élevés". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0165/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaHigh harmonic generation (HHG) spectroscopy has proven to be a promisingtool (like probe in pump-probe experiments) in revealing the atomic and molecular dynamicswith the potential for subangstrom spatial resolution and subfemtosecond temporalresolution. Then, rotational dynamics have been resolved on small molecular systems (N2,CO2). This thesis looks to extending HHG spectroscopy methods to probe the structureand the dynamic of complex molecular systems. We will describe the two sources highharmonic generation, the transient grating of excitation and the two-color high harmonicgeneration. We enable to resolve the femtosecond nuclear dynamics in N2O4 and SF6. HHGis also used like a XUV radiation source, playing the role of pump pulse. This approach hasbeen used for the study of photoelectron circular dichroism. An XUV harmonic field witha quasi-circular polarization ionizes chiral molecules. In this manuscript, we will developthis new femtosecond XUV and quasi circular polarization radiation
Marinov, Daniil. "Reactive adsorption of molecules and radicals on surfaces under plasma exposure". Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2012. https://pastel.hal.science/docs/00/75/29/87/PDF/PhD_DM.PDF.
Pełny tekst źródłaAtomic sources, thermal protection for atmospheric re-entry and plasma-catalyst systems for air pollution control are just few examples of applications where interaction between N2/O2 containing plasmas and the surface plays a central role. Mechanisms of heterogeneous processes in plasmas are still barely understood. Unknown conditions on the surface limit the accuracy and predictive capability of the kinetic models. In the first part of this work we investigate adsorption and chemical reactions of O and N atoms on oxide surfaces (silica, Pyrex, TiO2) under plasma exposure. We use tuneable laser absorption spectroscopy, broad-band UV absorption spectroscopy, two-photon absorption laser-induced fluorescence (TALIF) and mass spectrometry to monitor interaction between gas phase species and the surface. Surface analysis is performed using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It has been shown that stable Oads and Nads atoms are grafted to oxide surfaces under exposure to low pressure (~1 mbar) plasmas in O2 and N2. The coverage and reactivity of adsorbed atoms has been probed by exposing the pretreated surface to stable molecules (NO, C2H2) and radicals (O, N). Using isotopic exchange 15N↔14Nads and 18O↔16Oads under plasma exposure the role of chemisorbed species in surface catalysed recombination of atoms has been investigated. In the second part of this thesis, relaxation of vibrationally excited N2 molecules on catalytic surfaces is studied using infrared (IR) titration technique. Mixtures containing 0. 05 - 1% of CO2 (CO, N2O) in N2 at p=1. 3 mbar are excited by a single dc discharge pulse. The kinetics of vibrational relaxation of IR tracers during the post-discharge is followed using quantum cascade laser absorption spectroscopy. Due to a very efficient vibrational energy transfer between N2 and CO2 (CO, N2O), excitation of IR tracers is an image of the vibrational excitation of N2. Relaxation measurements have been interpreted in terms of a numerical model of non-equilibrium vibrational kinetics. Probability of N2 vibrational quantum loss has been determined from the best agreement between the experiment and the model
Puthumpally, Joseph Raijumon. "Quantum Interferences in the Dynamics of Atoms and Molecules in Electromagnetic Fields". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS035/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaQuantum interference, coherent superposition of quantum states, are widely used for the understanding and engineering of the quantum world. In this thesis, two distinct problems that are rooted in quantum interference are discussed with their potential applications: 1. Laser induced electron diffraction (LIED) and molecular orbital imaging, 2. Collective effects in dense vapors and dipole induced electromagnetic transparency (DIET). The first part deals with the recollision mechanism in molecules when the system is exposed to high intensity infrared laser fields. The interaction with the intense field will tunnel ionize the system, creating an electron wave packet in the continuum. This wave packet follows an oscillatory trajectory driven by the laser field. This results in a collision with the parent ion from which the wave packet was formed. This scattering process can end up in different channels including either inelastic scattering resulting in high harmonic generation (HHG) and non-sequential double ionization, or elastic scattering often called laser induced electron diffraction. LIED carries information about the molecule and about the initial state from which the electron was born as diffraction patterns formed due to the interference between different diffraction pathways. In this project, a method is developed for imaging molecular orbitals relying on scattered photoelectron spectra obtained via LIED. It is based on the fact that the scattering wave function keeps the memory of the object from which it has been scattered. An analytical model based on the strong field approximation (SFA) is developed for linear molecules and applied to the HOMO and HOMO-1 molecular orbitals of carbon dioxide. Extraction of orbital information imprinted in the photoelectron spectra is presented in detail. It is anticipated that it could be extended to image the electro-nuclear dynamics of such systems. The second part of the thesis deals with collective effects in dense atomic or molecular vapors. The action of light on the vapor samples creates dipoles which oscillate and produce secondary electro-magnetic waves. When the constituent particles are close enough and exposed to a common exciting field, the induced dipoles can affect one another, setting up a correlation which forbids them from responding independently towards the external field. The result is a cooperative response leading to effects unique to such systems which include Dicke narrowing, superradiance, Lorentz-Lorenz and Lamb shifts. To this list of collective effects, one more candidate has been added, which is revealed during this study: an induced transparency in the sample. This transparency, induced by dipole-dipole interactions, is named “dipole-induced electromagnetic transparency”. The collective nature of the dense vapor excitation reduces the group velocity of the transmitted light to a few tens of meter per second resulting in 'slow' light. These effects are demonstrated for the D1 transitions of 85Rb and other potential applications are also discussed
Devolder, Adrien. "Contrôle par laser de la formation de molécules polaires paramagnétiques ultra-froides". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS361/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe thesis is positioned in the ultracold domain, i.e molecules which have velocities corresponding to microkelvin temperatures. The formation of molecular diluted gas at these temperatures is promising for important applications in quantum simulation, quantum information or in precision measurements.More particularly, the thesis is focused on the formation of molecules which are polar and paramagnetic. Some recent works are predicted that these molecules could be the ideal system for creating a quantum simulator of the lattice-spin system, which can describe the magnetism in solids. We have chosen the example of RbSr molecules for whose an experience runs in Amsterdam. We explored some alternatives based on the use of lasers for the formation of ultracold RbSr molecules.First, we considered the photoassociation whose the principle is coupling the initial scattering state with a rovibrational level of an excited electronic state. The following spontaneous emission step creates molecules in the electronic ground state. We also considered the problem of atom losses observed by experiments in Bangalore, when a focused photoassociation laser is applied. In the rest of the thesis, we explored coherent methods. Firstly, we showed a STIRAP sequence could create weakly bound molecules from isolated atomic pairs confined in a Mott insulator. Lastly, we explored some of these methods where the dynamic occurs only in the electronic ground state. The formation is induced by the use of a chirped pulse or a pi-pulse. We studied the factors of the transfer. Moreover, we discovered this method is related to a new kind of Feshbach resonances in the photon dressed picture, called Laser Assisted Self-Induced Feshbach Resonance (LASIFR). We showed LASIFR present the advantages of Magnetic and Optical Feshbach Resonances. They are a promising and powerful tool for the control of properties of quantum gas mixtures, like the interspecies scattering length
Beaulieu, Samuel. "Probing femtosecond and attosecond electronic and chiral dynamics : high-order harmonic generation, XUV free induction decay, photoelectron spectroscopy and Coulomb explosion". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0063/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis manuscript is articulated around the investigation of the interaction between ultrashort light pulses and gas-phase atoms, polyatomic and chiral molecules. Using the toolboxes developed in attosecond and strong-field physics as well as in femtochemistry, our general goal is to reach a better understanding of subtle effects underlying ultrafast light-induced dynamics in matter.To do so, we developed cutting-edge near-infrared and mid-infrared few-cycle light sources, which were used to build a water-window soft-X-ray source based on high order harmonic generation (HHG), as well as to study new HHG channels involving highly-excited (Rydberg) states. The latter study revealed a delayed HHG emission from the ionization of Rydberg states and radiative recombination onto the electronicground state, triggering our interest in the role of Rydberg states in strong-field physics. This led us to investigate the laser-induced XUV Free Induced Decay from electronic wave packets as a new background-free 2D spectroscopic technique.More over, we have found out that strong-field interaction with a well prepared coherent superposition of electronic states led to the generation of hyper-Ramanlines concomitant with standard high-order harmonics. These spectral features were predicted in the early-days theoretical calculations of HHG but had never been reported experimentally.After these experiments in rare gas atoms, we moved to molecular targets, in whichlight-induced electronic excitation can trigger nuclear dynamics. Using simple benchmark molecules, we have studied dynamics involving the participation of both nuclear and electronic degrees of freedom: first, we studied the ultrafast non adiabatic photoisomerization of the acetylene cation into vinylidene cation, andsecond, we investigated the coherent control of electron localization during molecular photodissociation of H2+. The simplicity of these molecular targets enabled the comparison of the experimental results with state-of-the-art theoretical calculations,revealing the importance of the coupling between nuclear and electronic degrees of freedom in photoinduced molecular dynamics.The other major pillar of this thesis is the study of ionization of chiral molecules usingchiral light pulses. It has been known since the 70s that the ionization from an ensemble of randomly oriented chiral molecules, using circularly polarized light pulse,leads to a strong forward-backward asymmetry in the number of emitted photoelectrons, along the light propagation axis (Photoelectron Circular Dichroism,PECD). Prior to this thesis, PECD was widely studied at synchrotron facilities (single photonionization) and had recently been demonstrated using table-top lasers in resonant-enhanced multiphoton ionization schemes. In this thesis, we have shownthat PECD is a universal effect, i.e. that it emerges in all ionization regimes, from single photon ionization, to few-photon ionization, to above-threshold ionization, up to the tunneling ionization regime. This bridges the gap between chiral photoionizationand strong-field physics. Next, we have shown how the combination of standard femtochemistry approaches and PECD can be used to follow the dynamics of photoexcited chiral molecules using time-resolved PECD. Using similar experimental approaches, but by using pulse sequences with counter-intuitive polarization states,we have demonstrated a novel electric dipolar chiroptical effect, called Photoexcitation Circular Dichroism (PXCD), which emerges as a directional and chirosensitive electron current when multiple excited bound states of chiral molecules are coherently populated with chiral light. Last, we introduced a time-domain perspective on chiral photoionization by measuring the forward-backward asymmetry of photoionization delays in chiral molecules photoionized by chiral light pulses. Our work thus carried chiral-sensitive studies down to the femtosecond and attosecond ranges
Karimi, Reza. "Fragmentation Dynamics of Triatomic Molecules in Femtosecond Laser Pulses Probed by Coulomb Explosion Imaging". Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/7617.
Pełny tekst źródłaChatterjee, Souvik. "Population transfer and dissociation control in diatomic molecules in intense pulse lasers". Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10821/8291.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe research was carried out under the supervision of Prof. S S Bhattacharya of the Materials Science division under the SMS [School of Materials Science]
The research was conducted under the CSIR research grant and fellowship
Chervenkov, Sotir [Verfasser]. "Investigation of weak intra- and intermolecular interactions and conformational structures of flexible molecules and complexes by mass selective high resolution resonance enhanced two photon ionization laser spectroscopy / Sotir Chervenkov". 2007. http://d-nb.info/985919426/34.
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