Książki: „Larvae – Dispersal”

1

Hanke, Alexander Reimund. Distribution of haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) eggs and larvae on the Scotian Shelf, eastern Gulf of Maine, Bay of Fundy and eastern Georges Bank. St Andrews, NB: Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Biological Station, 2001.

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Hanke, Alexander Reimund. Distribution of haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) eggs and larvae on the Scotian Shelf, eastern Gulf of Maine, Bay of Fundy and eastern Georges Bank. St Andrews, N.B: Dept. of Fisheries and Oceans, Biological Station, 2001.

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Hanke, Alexander Reimund. Distribution of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) eggs and larvae on the Scotian Shelf. St Andrews, NB: Dept. of Fisheries and Oceans, Biological Station, 2000.

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Hanke, Alexander Reimund. Distribution of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) eggs and larvae on the Scotian Shelf. St Andrews, N.B: Dept. of Fisheries and Oceans, Biological Station, 2000.

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Garland, Elizabeth D. Temporal variability and vertical structure in larval abundance: The potential roles of biological and physical processes. Cambridge, Mass: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000.

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Alessi, Carol A. Coastal ocean processes inner-shelf study: Coastal and moored physical oceanographic measurements. Woods Hole, Mass: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1996.

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Blood, Deborah M. Spawning, egg development, and early life history dynamics of arrowtooth flounder (Atheresthes stomias) in the Gulf of Alaska. Seattle, Wash: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, 2007.

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Blood, Deborah M. Spawning, egg development, and early life history dynamics of arrowtooth flounder (Atheresthes stomias) in the Gulf of Alaska. Seattle, Wash: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, [Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Scientific Publications Office], 2007.

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Sammarco, Paul W., i Mal L. Heron, red. The Bio‐Physics of Marine Larval Dispersal. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/ce045.

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William, Sammarco Paul, i Heron M. L. 1944-, red. The bio-physics of marine larval dispersal. Washington, D.C: American Geophysical Union, 1994.

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M, Peters Kevin, i Florida Marine Research Institute, red. Factors influencing the distribution of larvae of the common snook, Centropomus undecimalis (Bloch), in Southwest Florida. St. Petersburg, Fla: State of Florida, Dept. of Environmental Protection, Florida Marine Research Institute, 1998.

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United States. National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service., red. A model for the simulation of larval drift. Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, 1987.

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Marko, Peter B., i Michael W. Hart, red. Genetic Analysis of Larval Dispersal, Gene Flow, and Connectivity. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198786962.003.0012.

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Does the dispersal of planktonic larvae promote strong connections between marine populations? Here we describe some of the most commonly used population- and individual-based genetic methods that have enhanced our understanding of larval dispersal and marine connectivity. Both approaches have strengths and weaknesses. Choosing between them depends on whether researchers want to know about average effective rates of connectivity over long timescales (over hundreds to thousands of generations) or recent patterns of connectivity on shorter timescales (one to two generations). The use of both approaches has improved our understanding of larval dispersal distances, the relationship between realized dispersal (from genetics) and dispersal potential (from planktonic larval duration), and the crucial distinction between genetic and demographic connectivity. Although rarely used together, combining population- and individual-based inferences from genetic data will likely further enrich our understanding of the scope and scale of larval dispersal in marine systems.

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Young, Craig M., Shawn M. Arellano, Jean-François Hamel i Annie Mercier, red. Ecology and Evolution of Larval Dispersal in the Deep Sea. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198786962.003.0016.

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The importance of larval dispersal in the deep ocean is generally acknowledged in studies of genetic connectivity, conservation, and population ecology, but our understanding of the underlying reproductive, developmental, and oceanographic processes remains rudimentary. Recent efforts at modeling deep-sea dispersal have generally taken the form of sensitivity analyses, because biological parameters for the models are lacking. In this review, what is known about the evolution of biological parameters that may influence dispersal times, depth distributions, and trajectories, including modes of development, vertical ontogenetic migration, are examined, as well as the ecological release from predators enabling slower developmental rates and longer dispersal times. Phylogenetic constraints are important in many groups, yet there are modifications in larval form, developmental mode, egg flotation, parental investment, and reproductive timing that appear to be unique to the deep sea and that influence dispersal. For instance, larval duration in certain taxa is longer in the deep-water species than in many shallow-water relatives.

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Miller, Thomas E., William E. Bradshaw i Christina M. Holzapfel. Pitcher-plant communities as model systems for addressing fundamental questions in ecology and evolution. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198779841.003.0024.

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Carnivorous plants have close associations with other species that live in or on the plant. Sarracenia purpurea has a particularly large number of inquiline species, many of which are obligates that live in its water-filled leaves. These include a well-studied food web of bacteria, protozoa, rotifers, mites, and Diptera larvae, all of which depend on the prey of the host plant. This model system has been used to address fundamental questions in ecology and evolution, including studies of keystone predation, succession, consumer versus resource control, invasion, dispersal, and the roles of resources and predators in metacommunities. The microecosystem also has been used to understand density-dependent selection, the genetic structure of populations, evolution over climatic gradients, and evolution in a multispecies, community context. In this chapter, the ecology of this potentially mutualistic contained community is explored in the context of its carnivorous host.

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Crevels, Mily, i Pieter Muysken, red. Language Dispersal, Diversification, and Contact. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198723813.001.0001.

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How did languages spread across the globe? Why do we sometimes find large language families, distributed over a wider area, and sometimes clusters of very small families or language isolates (i.e. languages without known relatives)? What was the role of agriculture in language spread? What do different language ideologies and patterns of ethnic identity formation contribute? What influence do geography and climate have?The availability of increasingly large databases and new analytical research techniques make it possible to provide new answers to these long standing questions. This book focuses on patterns of language dispersal, diversification, and contact in a global perspective by comparing the complex language and population histories of Island Southeast Asia/Oceania, Africa, and South America in terms of history and patterns of settlement, conceptions of ethnicity, and communication strategies. These three regions were selected because they show interesting contrasts in the distribution of languages and language families.

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Oro, Daniel. Perturbation, Behavioural Feedbacks, and Population Dynamics in Social Animals. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198849834.001.0001.

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In social animals, perturbations may trigger specific behavioural responses with consequences for dispersal and complex population dynamics. Perturbations raise the need for information gathering in order to reduce uncertainty and increase resilience. Updated information is then shared within the group and social behaviours emerge as a self-organized process. This social information factoralizes with the size of the group, and it is finally used for making crucial decisions about, for instance, when to leave the patch and where to go. Indeed, evolution has favoured philopatry over dispersal, and this trade-off is challenged by perturbations. When perturbations accumulate over time, they may decrease the suitability of the patch and erode the philopatric state until crossing a tipping point, beyond which most individuals decide to disperse to better areas. Initially, the decision to disperse is led by a few individuals, and this decision is copied by the rest of the group in an autocatalytic way. This feedback process of social copying is termed runaway dispersal. Furthermore, social copying enhances the evolution of cultural and technological innovation, which may cause additional nonlinearities for population dynamics. Social information gathering and social copying have also occurred in human evolution, especially after perturbations such as climate extremes and warfare. In summary, social feedback processes cause nonlinear population dynamics including hysteresis and critical transitions (from philopatry to patch collapses and invasions), which emerge from the collective behaviour of large ensembles of individuals.

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Esteves, Olivier. The 'desegregation' of English schools. Manchester University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9781526124852.001.0001.

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In 1960–62, a large number of white autochthonous parents in Southall became very concerned that the sudden influx of largely non-Anglophone Indian immigrant children in local schools would hold back their children’s education. It was primarily to placate such fears that ‘dispersal’ (or ‘bussing’) was introduced in areas such as Southall and Bradford, as well as to promote the integration of mostly Asian children. It consisted in sending busloads of immigrant children to predominantly white suburban schools, in an effort to ‘spread the burden’. This form of social engineering went on until the early 1980s. This book, by mobilising local and national archival material as well as interviews with formerly bussed pupils in the 1960s and 1970s, reveals the extent to which dispersal was a flawed policy, mostly because thousands of Asian pupils were faced with racist bullying on the playgrounds of Ealing, Bradford, etc. It also investigates the debate around dispersal and the integration of immigrant children, e.g. by analysing the way some Local Education Authorities (Birmingham, London) refused to introduce bussing. It studies the various forms that dispersal took in the dozen or so LEAs where it operated. Finally, it studies local mobilisations against dispersal by ethnic associations and individuals. It provides an analysis of debates around ‘ghetto schools’, ‘integration’, ‘separation’, ‘segregation’ where quite often the US serves as a cognitive map to make sense of the English situation.

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Mills, M. G. L., i M. E. J. Mills. Socio-spatial organization and spatial ecology. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198712145.003.0010.

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Home ranges of males (1204 km2) and females (1510 km2) were similar. Female home range size was positively related to the dispersion of prey and generally, but not exclusively, they displayed home range fidelity. Overlap between female home ranges was extensive, although they rarely met up. Male home ranges overlapped extensively and there was no difference in size between coalition and single males. Males overcame the problem of scent marking a large home range by concentrating scent marks in core areas. Generally female cheetah home range size is affected by resource productivity, although where prey are migratory, or in fenced reserves where movements are constricted, and areas where disturbance is severe, this may be different. Southern Kalahari males apparently need large home ranges to increase the likelihood of locating wide-ranging and sporadically receptive females. Mean dispersal distance for subadult males (96 km) was further than for females (39 km).

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Brooks, Melody, i Roland Kays. Kinkajou: the tree-top specialist. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198759805.003.0026.

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Kinkajous have evolved a suite of unique adaptations not seen in other Carnivores, helping them thrive in the canopies of neotropical forests. They have a prehensile tail and reversible hind feet to help them climb trees, and large eyes and scent glands to help them navigate complex tropical canopies at night. By sticking to the treetops at night kinkajous have very few potential predators, and this frees them from the need move in large groups for protection, as seen in most diurnal primates. Instead, kinkajous live in small social groups that forage for fruits and flowers mostly as singletons, but reunite at large feeding or sleeping trees. Females defend exclusive territories against each other while males form small coalitions to defend larger areas that overlap with multiple females. Fruit comprises 90-99% of their diet, making kinkajous one of the most frugivorous mammals on earth, and an important seed disperser.

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Cawthon, Stephanie W. Large-Scale Survey Design in Deaf Education Research. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190455651.003.0009.

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Large-scale surveys are an appealing research design option for those wishing to collect data from many participants dispersed across different settings. This chapter describes several critical issues that must be considered when developing and conducting large-scale surveys in deaf education: aligning with a theoretical rationale, considering sample characteristics and potential confounds, piloting study measures, and developing an analysis plan. The chapter provides examples of ways to capture the heterogeneous demographics inherent within deaf education, ranging from individual characteristics such as identity, language use, and professional experience to educational setting characteristics such as program models and available accommodations. The chapter provides recommendations for how to instill trust and be mindful of participant fatigue during the recruitment process. The chapter ends with strategies for making survey recruitment materials, test directions, and items accessible for a diverse study population.

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Speth, John D. 13,000 years of communal bison hunting in western North America. Redaktorzy Umberto Albarella, Mauro Rizzetto, Hannah Russ, Kim Vickers i Sarah Viner-Daniels. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199686476.013.37.

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For the past 13,000 years Indians in the North American Great Plains hunted bison (Bison bison and B. antiquus) in large communally organized drive operations. This chapter briefly describes the taxonomy of fossil and living bison, the behaviour of modern bison, and what is known from ethnohistoric and archaeological sources about the ways that Indians conducted these drives, including the use of foot surrounds, cliff jumps, arroyo traps, and pounds (corrals). The chapter concludes by considering whether such drives were conducted annually in the late fall and/or early winter as a means of winter provisioning; or instead were conducted periodically, but not necessarily annually, and at many different times of year, as a socio-political mechanism for integrating otherwise widely dispersed and highly mobile hunting bands.

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Negus Cleary, Michelle. Social Complexity and Political Capitals in Ancient Eurasia. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199935413.013.19.

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This article draws upon archaeological evidence of settlement and enclosure sites as key indicators of social complexity in agro-pastoral societies of Central Asia and Inner Eurasia during the Late Iron Age–Late Antique periods. Large fortified enclosures (kalas) were the political capitals of mobile states and empires, embodying and displaying the power, status, and prestige of ruling elites. Low-density “urban” sites were located in dispersed settlement zones associated with rivers or water management systems in the Eurasian steppe and oases. These capitals were an alternative form of urbanism suited to the political organization of mobile ruling elites. This analysis provides insights into the varied modes of settlement utilized by agro-pastoral and mobile societies in extreme environmental zones.

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Lindenmayer, David, Damian Michael, Mason Crane, Sachiko Okada, Daniel Florance, Philip Barton i Karen Ikin. Wildlife Conservation in Farm Landscapes. CSIRO Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9781486303113.

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An increasing number of Australians want to be assured that the food and fibre being produced on this continent have been grown and harvested in an ecologically sustainable way. Ecologically sustainable farming conserves the array of species that are integral to key ecological processes such as pollination, seed dispersal, natural pest control and the decomposition of waste. Wildlife Conservation in Farm Landscapes communicates new scientific information about best practice ways to integrate conservation and agriculture in the temperate eucalypt woodland belt of eastern Australia. It is based on the large body of scientific literature in this field, as well as long-term studies at 790 permanent sites on over 290 farms extending throughout Victoria, New South Wales and south-east Queensland. Richly illustrated, with chapters on birds, mammals, reptiles, invertebrates and plants, this book illustrates how management interventions can promote nature conservation and what practices have the greatest benefit for biodiversity. Together the new insights in this book inform whole-of-farm planning. Wildlife Conservation in Farm Landscapes is an ideal resource for land managers and farmers interested in integrating farming and environmental values and anyone interested in biodiversity in woodlands and agricultural zones. Recipient of a 2017 Whitley Awards Certificate of Commendation for Conservation in Action

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Sikka, Prem. Corporate Governance and Family-owned Companies. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805274.003.0005.

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It is often claimed that the ownership structure and the close involvement of family members alleviates agency problems and gives them a long-term orientation compared to a corporation with dispersed shareholding and control. Through a case study relating to the demise of BHS, one of the biggest UK retailers, the chapter probes these claims. BHS was an epitome of shareholder capitalism. It was owned and controlled by Sir Philip Green and his family. The control enabled the Green family to extract large amounts of cash from BHS through dividends and complex intragroup transactions, with virtually no questions from board members, regulators or auditors. The flawed corporate governance of BHS inflicted considerable hardship on other stakeholders. The demise of BHS should encourage reflections on the claims (agency theory) that an alignment of the interests of shareholders and directors somehow leads to better governance and socially responsible management.

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Jacobsen, Dean, i Olivier Dangles. Ecology of High Altitude Waters. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198736868.001.0001.

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This book brings together current knowledge on patterns and processes in the ecology of streams, lakes, and wetlands situated at more than 3000 m above sea level. The alpine headwaters of the large Asian rivers and Lake Titicaca are both well-known and iconic examples. High altitude waters include more than these systems—they are both numerous and cover many habitat types, organisms, and specializations. The book provides an overview of the variety of aquatic ecosystems and habitats, their environmental features, prominent species, and their functional adaptations to the harsh aquatic environmental conditions through to global diversity patterns along altitudinal gradients, community dynamics, species interactions and dispersal, trophic relations, and energy flows. High altitude waters are ideal systems to address a broad range of topical themes in ecology because patterns and processes are both diverse and singular. The book highlights how key concepts in ecology (e.g. the stress gradient hypothesis, the biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationship) could find relevant study models in high altitude waters. The usual perception of pristine mountain waters is far from true, particularly in the case of high altitude waters at low latitudes where human population density is often high, and local communities live in intimate contact with, utilize, influence, and exploit these aquatic systems. Climate change effects, extinction risks of mountain populations due to vanishing glaciers, multiple human impacts, management, and conservation are also treated thoroughly. The book is richly illustrated with diagrams and numerous pictures of these poorly known systems and species.

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Sudra, Paweł. Rozpraszanie i koncentracja zabudowy na przykładzie aglomeracji warszawskiej po 1989 roku = Dispersion and concentration of built-up areas on the example of the Warsaw agglomeration after 1989. Instytut Geografii i Przestrzennego Zagospodarowania im. Stanisława Leszczyckiego, Polska Akademia Nauk, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7163/9788361590057.

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The research problem undertaken in the study is the occurrence of dispersed and concentrated built-up (in particular residential) area patterns caused by suburbanisation processes in a large urban agglomeration, on the example of the Warsaw metropolitan area. The research concerned the period after 1989, when the political and economic transformation in Poland began. The historical and contemporary socio-economic conditions of suburbanization and urban sprawl are described, which have the features of a spontaneous, chaotic dispersion, quite different than in Western countries. It is partly to blame for faulty spatial planning. The succession of urban development into rural areas is subordinated to the factors of the construction market. In the empirical part of the analysis, topographic data on all buildings in the urban agglomeration and databases on land use derived from satellite images were used to investigate settlement changes. A multidimensional study was carried out relating to various spatial scales, types of spatial relations and territorial units. Measures of spatial concentration of point patterns as well as landscape metrics were used for this purpose. The indicators used were subject to critical methodological evaluation afterwards. The study was performed in several temporal cross-sections. The locations of new development in agricultural, forest and wasteland areas have been identified. Finally, recommendations for the implementation of appropriate spatial policy and improvement of the spatial order in the Warsaw agglomeration were formulated

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