Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Larvae – Dispersal

Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Larvae – Dispersal”

Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021
Data aktualizacji: 7 lutego 2022

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Larvae – Dispersal"

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Fobert, Emily K., Eric A. Treml i Stephen E. Swearer. "Dispersal and population connectivity are phenotype dependent in a marine metapopulation". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 286, nr 1909 (28.08.2019): 20191104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.1104.

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Larval dispersal is a key process determining population connectivity, metapopulation dynamics, and community structure in benthic marine ecosystems, yet the biophysical complexity of dispersal is not well understood. In this study, we investigate the interaction between disperser phenotype and hydrodynamics on larval dispersal pathways, using a temperate reef fish species, Trachinops caudimaculatus . We assessed the influence of larval traits on depth distribution and dispersal outcomes by: (i) using 24-h depth-stratified ichthyoplankton sampling, (ii) quantifying individual phenotypes using larval growth histories extracted from the sagittal otoliths of individual larvae, and (iii) simulating potential dispersal outcomes based on the empirical distribution of larval phenotypes and an advanced biological-physical ocean model. We found T. caudimaculatus larvae were vertically stratified with respect to phenotype, with high-quality phenotypes found in the bottom two depth strata, and poor-quality phenotypes found primarily at the surface. Our model showed high- and average-quality larvae experienced significantly higher local retention (more than double) and self-recruitment, and travelled shorter distances relative to poor-quality larvae. As populations are only connected when dispersers survive long enough to reproduce, determining how larval phenotype influences dispersal outcomes will be important for improving our understanding of marine population connectivity and persistence.
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Afandy, Zulfikar, Ario Damar, Syamsul Bahri Agus i Budy Wiryawan. "CORAL LARVAL DISPERSAL MODEL ON CONSERVATION AREA OF KAPOPOSANG MARINE TOURISM PARK". Coastal and Ocean Journal (COJ) 1, nr 2 (7.11.2017): 39–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/coj.1.2.39-51.

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The availability of information related to the pattern of connectivity between coral reef is one of the key in coral reef conservation management. The identification of pattern of connectivity in the form of dispersion dynamics of coral larvae is very important as the development of coral reef itself is highly depended upon the external input, which this input must be accordingly managed in order to support the continuity of coral larvae supply. This research’s objectives are including to create the coral larvae dispersal model of Marine Protected Area (MPA) of Kapoposang. For instance, the modelling of coral larvae dispersal had been conducted using the biophysics modelling which combined the biological and physics factor in order to obtain the recruitment scenario and the traces of larvae dispersal. This simulation used coral larvae object with the Pelagic Larval Duration (PLD) for 30 days, the larvae release was conducted during the full moon and during the west and east monsoon. The result of the larvae dispersion model has indicated that the coral larvae dispersion process was influenced by the currents and variation of monsoons. Based coral connectivity pattern on Kapoposang found site Gondongbali, Kapoposang2, Suranti and Pamanggangang as a source. Then other location as sink by received larvae from other site are Gondongbali, Kapoposang, Pamanggangang, Taka Karangkarangang, Taka Pallawangang and Taka Palekko. Keywords connectivity, coral reef, larva dispersal, marine protected area, twp kapoposang
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Lechner, Aaron, Hubert Keckeis, Elisabeth Schludermann, Franz Loisl, Paul Humphries, Martin Glas, Michael Tritthart i Helmut Habersack. "Shoreline configurations affect dispersal patterns of fish larvae in a large river". ICES Journal of Marine Science 71, nr 4 (7.09.2013): 930–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fst139.

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Abstract The dispersal patterns of marked larvae of the nase carp (Chondrostoma nasus L.) were observed alongside dissimilar shoreline configurations in the main channel of the free-flowing Austrian Danube and compared with those of floating particles to investigate the mode of dispersal (active–passive). Individuals of different larval stages and floats at similar densities were released at an artificial rip-rap with groynes and a rehabilitated gravel bar. In both habitats, marked individuals were recaptured during the sampling period of 4 d after release. Relevant shoreline attributes for larval dispersal, such as the accessibility of nursery habitats, connectivity between adjacent habitats, and retention potential, were more pronounced at the gravel bar than at the rip-rap. At the gravel bar, larvae moved upstream and downstream within the connected bankside nurseries and displayed longer residence times. Larvae settled in groyne fields along the rip-rap as well; however, longitudinal dispersal was disrupted by groynes, forcing larvae to enter the main channel. Rather than settling in subsequent groyne fields, we assume that these larvae are displaced downstream and potentially lost from the local population.
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Chan, Kit Yu Karen, Mary A. Sewell i Maria Byrne. "Revisiting the larval dispersal black box in the Anthropocene". ICES Journal of Marine Science 75, nr 6 (10.08.2018): 1841–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsy097.

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Abstract Many marine organisms have a multi-phase life history and rely on their planktonic larvae for dispersal. Despite the important role of larvae in shaping population distribution and abundance, the chemical, physical, and biological factors that shape larval fate are still not fully understood. Shedding light into this larval dispersal “black box” has become critical in the face of global climate change, primarily due to the importance of larval dispersal in formulating sound conservation and management strategies. Focusing on two major stressors, warming and acidification, we highlight the limitations of the current species-by-species, lab-based study approach, and particularly the lack of consideration of the larval experience along the dispersive pathway. Measuring organismal responses to environmentally relevant climate change stress demands an improved documentation of the physical and biological conditions that larvae experience through ontogeny, which in turn requires updated empirical and theoretical approaches. While there are meaningful between taxa comparisons to be made by larval ecologists, to peek into the dispersal black box and to investigate the larger scale consequences of altered dispersal requires innovative collaborations between ecologists, oceanographers, molecular biologists, statisticians, and mathematicians.
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Leis, JM. "Measurement of swimming ability in larval marine fishes: comparison of critical speed with in situ speed". Marine Ecology Progress Series 650 (17.09.2020): 203–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps13233.

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For much of their pelagic larval dispersal (PLD) stage, larval perciform fishes are able to directly influence their dispersal by horizontal swimming, but it is unclear which means of measuring swimming ability is most appropriate for modelling dispersal and studying demographic and genetic connectivity. Most studies use critical speed (Ucrit), a laboratory flume measure derived by increasing flow until larvae can no longer maintain their position. Most swimming ability data on fish larvae are Ucrit, usually for larvae nearing the end of PLD. Recognizing that a forced laboratory measure is inappropriate for dispersal, researchers have used decreased Ucrit values, usually by 50%, and have argued that Ucrit is strongly correlated with more relevant swimming measures. Here I examined the suitability of Ucrit versus in situ speed (ISS), wherein speed of larvae is measured by divers following them in the ocean with a flow meter. Considerations of dispersal require inclusion of swimming ontogeny. Swimming speed regressions of speed on size of 10 species in 8 families showed that Ucrit and ISS are not well correlated. The Ucrit:standard length (SL) slope was greater than the ISS:SL slope in 6 species, and did not differ in the other 4 species. No overall metric, e.g. X% of Ucrit = ISS, was appropriate for conversion of Ucrit to ISS. Conversion of Ucrit to ISS is not straightforward. Ucrit measures swimming potential, not what larvae do in the ocean, whereas ISS directly measures larvae swimming in the ocean. Ucrit ontogeny is less variable, but ISS ontogeny is more relevant to dispersal. Ucrit may be useful for other purposes.
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Weseloh, Ronald M. "Dispersal and survival of gypsy moth larvae". Canadian Journal of Zoology 65, nr 7 (1.07.1987): 1720–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z87-265.

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Marked, laboratory-reared gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar L., second instars were released at the base of oak trees in a declining gypsy moth population. By periodically noting the proportion of caterpillars observed that had been released, it was found that little intertree dispersal of second and third instars occurred. Movement within a tree did occur, however. Dispersal of gypsy moth fourth through sixth instars was measured by determining changes in the proportion of marked caterpillars resting under burlap bands placed around the trunks of isolated trees. Results suggest that large larvae disperse little except just prior to pupation. The lack of significant dispersal in all larval stages made it possible to estimate from mark–recapture studies the proportion of larvae that survive from one day to the next. Daily survival rates were 0.6–0.7 for small larvae and ca. 0.8 for large ones.
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Dale, Katherine E., M. Timothy Tinker i Rita S. Mehta. "Larval morphology predicts geographical dispersal range of Eastern Pacific eels". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 128, nr 1 (27.06.2019): 107–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blz092.

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Abstract The geographical range of many marine species is strongly influenced by the dispersal potential of propagules such as eggs and larvae. Here, we investigate morphological diversity and the effect of body shape on geographical range of leptocephali, the unique, laterally compressed larvae of eels (order Anguilliformes). We used phylogenetically informed analyses to examine the morphological variation of larvae for 17 Eastern Pacific eel species from three adult habitats. We also investigated whether morphological traits of leptocephali could predict larval latitudinal range, hypothesizing that body shape may influence passive dispersal via currents. We found that no two species shared the same multivariate growth trajectories, with the size and scaling of pectoral fin length and snout-to-anus length being particularly variable. Larvae with longer relative predorsal and snout-to-anus lengths at median sizes exhibited wider larval geographical ranges. Body aspect ratio and maximum body length at metamorphosis, two traits we hypothesized to be important for passive transport, were not significant predictors of maximal larval range. We discovered an increase in phylogenetic signal over larval development as eels approach metamorphosis, potentially due to similar selective pressures between related species (such as juvenile habitat or adult morphology). Lastly, we conclude that larval body shape is probably influenced by adult habitat and adult morphology.
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Pedersen, Eric J., Ryan R. E. Stanley, Paul V. R. Snelgrove i Frédéric Guichard. "Experimental evidence for concentration-dependence and intraspecific variation of movement behaviour in American lobster (Homarus americanus) larvae". Canadian Journal of Zoology 95, nr 10 (październik 2017): 759–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2016-0100.

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Predicting dispersal paths of marine larvae with extended pelagic durations, such as American lobster (Homarus americanus H. Milne Edwards, 1837), requires understanding the cues to which larvae respond, and how that response reflects changes in larval behaviour. If larvae respond to conspecific presence by varying their movement, then this behaviour can bias laboratory estimates of environmental responses. We tested whether larvae actively decreased their local intraspecific density by measuring how the vertical distribution of larvae changed under high versus low concentrations of conspecifics. We observed weak increases in vertical dispersion at higher concentrations both in newly hatched larvae and in postlarvae, but not in intermediate larval stages. We also tested for differences in horizontal swimming behaviour in high and low concentrations, by fitting a novel random walk model that allowed us to model both larval interactions and persistent turning behaviours. We showed substantial reduction in diffusive behaviour under high concentration conditions resulting from more frequent turns by each larva, but no evidence for consistent avoidance of conspecifics. Our study is the first to demonstrate concentration-dependent behaviours in lobster larvae.
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Berger, Amelie. "Larval movements of Chilo partellus (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) within and between plants: timing, density responses and survival". Bulletin of Entomological Research 82, nr 4 (grudzień 1992): 441–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485300042498.

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AbstractFour dispersal phases occur during larval development of Chilo partellus (Swinehoe) on young host plants, phase 1, ballooning of newly hatched larvae when moving from egg batch to plant whorl, phase 2, ballooning of first and second instars which leave the plant whorl in the week after egg eclosion, phase 3, walking prior to stem penetration, and phase 4, walking after stem penetration. In laboratory experiments larval dispersal was density dependent during dispersal phases 1, 3 and 4 and there were clear differences between maize and sorghum in the percentage of migrating lavae and time of migration. Maize plants accommodated many more pupae than sorghum plants which suggests that the distribution of older larvae in the field can be more clumped in maize than in sorghum. Pupal weight descreased with infestation level on sorghum but seemed less affected on maize. Resistance to starvation in four combinations of temperature and relative humidity increased with age. All hatchlings survived six hours′ starvation but with considerably reduced crawling capacity. Seven- and 15-day old larvae were descreasingly affected. Older larvae survived and maintained their mobility after 48 hours. Successful dispersal will depend on host-plant, egg load, and costs of migration; these costs will change with larval age.
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de Lima, Francielly A., Terezinha Ferreira de Oliveira i Jussara M. Martinelli-Lemos. "Distribution of brachyuran larvae in an Amazonian estuary as evidence for retention and export". Journal of Crustacean Biology 39, nr 5 (13.08.2019): 602–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcbiol/ruz051.

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Abstract Brachyuran crabs, like other decapod crustaceans, adopt a number of different strategies for larval dispersal. We verified the influence of variations in temperature, salinity, and pH on the abundance and taxonomic composition of brachyuran larvae in an Amazonian estuary and found evidence of both retention and export dispersal strategies. We identified larvae of 20 different taxa belonging to the families Grapsidae, Ocypodidae, Panopeidae, Pinnotheridae, and Sesarmidae. Ucides cordatus (Linnaeus, 1763) (Ocypodidae), Pachygrapsus gracilis (Saussure, 1857) (Grapsidae), Leptuca cumulanta (Crane, 1943) (Ocypodidae), and Armases rubripes (Rathbun, 1897) (Sesarmidae) were the most abundant species. Most of the taxa present in the study area were at the zoea I stage but later larval stages were found in some species, indicating retention and export. Results were supported by canonical correspondence analysis and general linear model, which related larval community structure and reproduction patterns to variations in salinity, influenced primarily by the enormous discharge of the Amazon River and the high rainfall levels in the region. Further investigations of the distribution of larvae on the continental shelf are necessary to confirm the identified dispersal patterns. The study also presents novel data on the composition, abundance, and dispersal of brachyuran larvae in the tropical estuaries of the Amazon River.
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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Larvae – Dispersal"

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Phillips, Susan Elizabeth Penny. "Tertiary marine prosobranchs: larval dispersal and geographic range". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/44171.

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Rasmuson, Leif. "The Influence of Behavior and Hydrodynamics on the Dispersal of Dungeness Crab, Cancer magister, Larvae". Thesis, University of Oregon, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/19671.

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The Dungeness crab fishery is the most economically important on the West Coast; however, it has experienced dramatic fluctuations in annual catch. Previous research has shown the annual catch of megalopae is correlated with the commercial catch. The catch of megalopae is correlated with the phase of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), the day of the year of the spring transition and the amount of upwelling following the spring transition. Further, the daily catch of megalopae is correlated with the internal tide. We developed individual based models of Dungeness crab dispersal, which we validated with results from a light trap. We demonstrated that the retention of larvae in the California Current is enhanced during negative phase PDOs. Further, we suggest that larvae migrate to or almost to the bottom each day. Specifically, megalopae exhibit a twilight vertical migration off of the continental shelf and remain in the neuston on the continental shelf. This concentrates megalopae at the continental shelf break. We also observed megalopae in situ and demonstrated that they swim in the neuston with the surface current at speeds of ~ 10 cm s-1. Using these results and data from a mooring, we demonstrated that this behavior would increase the distance internal waves would transport larvae. We analyzed mooring data and suggest that catch of megalopae is greater when the thermocline is deep and weak and there is less horizontal shear. We hypothesize this allows internal waves to remain coherent longer on the continental shelf. We show that the spring transition coincides with a shallowing of the thermocline, which would ultimately lead to the development of internal waves of depression rather than elevation. We hypothesize that the change in surface flow, based on whether the wave is one of elevation or depression, explains why most megalopae are caught following the spring transition. In general, these findings help us better understand the dispersal of Dungeness crabs. We suggest the dispersal patterns support Michael Sinclair’s member vagrant hypothesis. Further, we suggest these findings apply to many of the continental shelf species in the California Current. This dissertation includes both published and unpublished co-authored materials.
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Taggart, Christopher Thomas. "Mortality of larval capelin (Mallotus villosus Muller) : environmental and density correlates during post-emergent dispersal". Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=72771.

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Brink, Laura Ann. "Cross-shelf transport of planktonic larvae of inner shelf benthic invertebrates". Thesis, Thesis (M.S.)--University of Oregon, 1996, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/10073.

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Hoover, Trent. "Hydrodynamic controls on the movement of invertebrate larvae and organic matter in small streams". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/1394.

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The movement of organisms and resources within ecosystems are essential elements in the productivity, stability, and distribution of communities. This thesis examines how water velocity, a defining factor of lotic systems, influences the dispersion of benthic organisms and particulate organic matter in small stream ecosystems. Variation in movement-related behaviours in two rheophilous (‘flow-loving’) mayflies (Epeorus and Baetis) and two rheophobic (‘flow-avoiding’) mayflies (Ameletus and Paraleptophlebia) were compared to determine how benthic organisms disperse between and within habitat patches in hydrodynamically complex landscapes. The degree to which water velocity and particle shape influence the retention of organic matter (including deciduous leaves, conifer needles, red-cedar fronds, and branch fragments) was examined to determine how physical factors determine detrital resource availability in streams. Although water velocity did not influence the crawling rates of Baetis and Ameletus in daylight conditions, both mayflies dispersed rapidly upstream in low-velocity flows in dark conditions. Drift rates of both mayflies were lower in daylight than dark conditions, and were generally inversely related to their habitat preferences. Escape responses in grazing Epeorus, Baetis, and Ameletus larvae in a range of flow conditions showed that retreat distance was more sensitive than flight initiation distance to variation in water velocity, suggesting that hydrodynamics mediate the risks of predation and the costs of flight in stream systems. Comparisons of the transport distances of live larvae, dead larvae, and passive tracer particles in low and high water velocities showed that drift distance varied substantially among taxa, and that behavioural control over drift distance generally declined as water velocity increased. While organic matter particles generally travelled further in high-velocity reaches, leaves were retained in riffles when they impacted on protruding clasts, while ‘stiff’ particles were retained when they settled into streambed interstices. Leaves placed in high-velocity microhabitats were broken down more slowly than leaves in low-flow areas, likely due to the exclusion of large-bodied detritivores. In conclusion, this thesis supports the view that hydrodynamic forces control trophic interactions and local population dynamics in stream ecosystems by directly altering the physical – and sometimes behavioural – processes of particle entrainment, transport, and deposition.
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Miller, Raeanne Gwen. "Larval dispersal and population connectivity : implications for offshore renewable energy structures". Thesis, University of the Highlands and Islands, 2013. https://pure.uhi.ac.uk/portal/en/studentthesis/larval-dispersal-and-population-connectivity-implications-for-offshore-renewable-energy-structures(ee382e5b-0923-48f4-bc44-0e7ede647b3d).html.

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The installation of marine renewable energy devices (MREDs) is progressing rapidly along many coastlines. It has been suggested that MRED arrays could provide stepping-stones for larval dispersal, mediating species range expansions or invasions. As common members of hard-substrate fouling communities and likely colonisers of MREDs, the larval dispersal processes of barnacles (Cirripedia: Thoracia) in the Firth of Lorn (Scotland) are assessed at scales ranging from mm to 10s – 100s km. At the scale of the organism itself, significant differences in larval mass densities and sinking velocities were observed between species of cirripedes, suggesting that larval physiology and morphology play an important role in water column vertical positioning. The importance of vertical positioning to horizontal transport and dispersal of larvae was identified in field surveys of the horizontal and vertical distributions of cirripede larvae, which revealed the interplay of wind-driven and tidally-oscillating currents in determining transport distances. Numerical simulations of larval dispersal based on a threedimensional hydrodynamic model then demonstrated that larvae with shallower abundance distributions often experienced greater horizontal transport, but that net dispersal distances were often greater for larvae deeper in the water column. Overall, simulated transport and dispersal distances were greatest for particles released at habitats further from the coast, such as MREDs, suggesting that the connectivity of these adult populations may be enhanced. Together, larval morphology, vertical positioning, and the coastal proximity of adult habitat could serve as useful indicators of larvae capable of reaching nearby newly installed offshore structures. For locations designated for MRED development in the Firth of Lorn, it is suggested that species with dispersal abilities similar to the cirripedes in this study could feasibly use these structures as stepping-stones for dispersal and range expansion, which could have important consequences when fouling communities are comprised of commercially important or invasive species.
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Ostrow, D. Gigi, i n/a. "Larval dispersal and population genetic structure of brachiopods in the New Zealand fiords". University of Otago. Department of Marine Science, 2007. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070308.144342.

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New Zealand�s fourteen deep-water fiords have complex physical and hydrographic features as well as strong environmental gradients, all of which may influence the population structure of organisms that inhabit the fiords. I examined the population structure of the brachiopod Terebratella sanguinea over ecological and evolutionary time scales in relation to physical and hydrographic features of the fiords. To further explore the role of larval dispersal in this system, comparisons between population genetic structure of T. sanguinea and a brachiopod with a contrasting larval dispersal strategy (Liothyrella neozelanica) were made. Aspects of the life history of the articulate brachiopod Terebratella sanguinea were measured. I measured density and size throughout Doubtful Sound and growth at outer (5 km from outer coast) and inner fiord sites (13.5 km from outer coast). Additionally, reproductive periodicity was measured at a single site within Doubtful Sound. Terebratella sanguinea occurred at significantly lower densities and was significantly smaller at the outer fiord site (p < 0.05), however growth rates between an inner and outer fiord site did not differ significantly. Terebratella sanguinea was found to have separate sexes and synchronous maturation of oocytes with spawning occurring in the austral winter. These results indicated that, on an ecological time scale, the environmental gradient of the fiords influences aspects of T. sanguinea population structure. In order to determine the influence of the fiord environment on genetic population structure, patterns among T. sanguinea from across Fiordland were assessed using two genetic markers, and these data were compared to hydrodynamic variables. Ten sites (322 individuals) were included in a preliminary allozyme analysis, and 20 sites (358 individuals) were used for the amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis. Patchy genetic differentiation was revealed with both markers, and a break between Long Sound and the other Fiordland sites was detected with AFLP markers. My results suggest hydrodynamic features of this region may isolate organisms that can disperse only during a planktonic larval phase, however this isolation is visible in genetic patterns only at the most extreme values of the hydrodynamic variables. To better understand how the fiord environment influences population structure of organisms that disperse via planktonic larvae, I compared population genetic structure of two sympatric brachiopod species that differ in planktonic larval duration. Genetic analysis using the AFLP technique revealed population structuring corresponding to the contrasting modes of larval dispersal. AMOVA analysis indicated Liothyrella neozelanica, a brachiopod that broods its larvae, had more limited exchange among sites within a fiord than did T. sanguinea, a brachiopod that does not brood its larvae. In general, the fiord hydrographic conditions may be creating opportunities for local genetic differentiation (for example Long Sound) in organisms capable of longer distance dispersal, but organisms with lower potential for dispersal are more strongly influenced by ontogeny than by hydrography. Understanding the population structure of some of the marine fauna of Fiordland is an important cornerstone for the developing management plan for the area. Conservation of the underwater resources of this World Heritage Area can be successful if the structure of the system and the mechanisms driving this structure are taken into account.
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Wood, Sally. "Modelling present and future dispersal of coral larvae : implications for the response of corals to climate change". Thesis, University of Bristol, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.682361.

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Corals, sessile as adults, disperse by releasing a pelagic larval stage into the water, which drifts with the ocean currents over potentially thousands of kilometres between reef habitats. Determining patterns of dispersal is an important but difficult task for reef conservation science; coral larvae are impossible to track directly in the marine environment. Biophysical models provide an essential tool to explore the patterns and drivers of dispersal. However, they have previously been utilised at regional scales, excluding the potential for long-distance transport events of particular importance to coral biogeography. In light of recent computational advances, I develop the first high-resolution global model of coral larval dispersal. The model provides critical evidence regarding the influence of dispersal on coral biogeography, highlighting vulnerable isolated areas as well as important sources and stepping stones for dispersal. For example, eastern Pacific reefs emerge as some of the most isolated globally. Contrary to hypotheses of increased dispersal into this region during El Nino events, I find only westward dispersal out of the eastern Pacific over a 10 year period, including the extreme 1997-98 El Nino. The Galapagos Islands act as the sole source for dispersal across the 6000 km separating eastern from central Pacific reefs. The model is the first to incorporate the effects of environmental factors (temperature and ocean pH) on larval physiology, predicted to result in alterations to patterns of dispersal with climate change. I find that dispersal patterns are especially sensitive to the effect of temperature on larval mortality, although the response varies geographically. Increases in temperatures predicted for 2060 reduce long-distance dispersal and increase local retention in the model, potentially reducing the scale over which /management efforts will be effective. Future work will aim to incorporate various other factors likely to influence future dispersal, informing management of reefs under climate change.
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Lundkvist, Elisabeth. "Diversity, dispersal, and interactions among diving beetles and mosquitoes in Swedish wetlands /". Linköping : Univ, 2003. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2003/tek796s.pdf.

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Ockhuis, Samantha Angelique Natasha. "The “suitcase hypothesis” – can eddies provide a pathway for gene flow between Madagascar and KwaZulu-Natal?" Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2475.

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Thesis (MTech (Oceanography))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016.
Similarities in marine fauna found off the coasts of southern Madagascar and KwaZulu-Natal (KZN, South Africa) led to the development of the “Suitcase Project”, with the aim of establishing whether eddies that form off southern Madagascar may package and transport biological material, as if in a suitcase, across the Mozambique Channel. In pursuit of this question, sampling was conducted on the southern Madagascan shelf and along a transect across a cyclonic eddy which originated off the southern tip of Madagascar, between the 15th and 23rd of July 2013. Bongo nets (300 and 500 μm-mesh) and a neuston net (900 μm-mesh) were used to collect zooplankton within the upper 200 m and at the surface, respectively. Samples were sorted for meroplankton (larval stages of fish and benthic invertebrates) under a stereo microscope, particularly seeking species known to be common to both the east coasts of Madagascar and South Africa and, thus potential indicators of connectivity between these regions. Larvae of crabs, rock lobster, and fish were used for DNA barcoding. Zooplankton biovolume and abundance were compared between the eddy core, eddy periphery and outer regions of the eddy, as well as stations from the Madagascan shelf. Mean neuston biovolume on the Madagascan (0.08 mL m-3) was not significantly higher than that in the eddy (0.06 mL m-3). Mean bongo biovolume in the upper 200 m was much higher on the Madagascan shelf (0.62 mL m-3) than in the eddy (0.16 mL m-3) although only 2 stations were sampled on the shelf. Highest biovolume in the eddy was recorded in the west eddy zone (0.25 mL m-3) and west outer zone (0.23 mL m-3), which was not statistically significantly higher than the eddy core (0.12 mL m-3) and east eddy zone (0.17 mL m-3). Meroplankton was comprised of coastal origin taxa and was most abundant on the shelf and in the eddy perimeters. Larval goat-fish, Parupeneus fraserorum was identified, a newly described mullid, and has been recorded on both the coasts of Madagascar and KZN, SA. Larvae of coastal invertebrate species identified, include the squat lobster Allogalathea elegans and camel shrimp Rhynchocinetes durbanensis. Other larval fish identified, but not found in high abundance include the families of reef associated fishes, for example: Apogonidae, Labridae, Pomacentridae, Priacanthidae, Serranidae and Sparidae. Higher zooplankton biovolumes, larval abundances and reef-associated larval assemblages found on the Madagascan shelf and in the periphery of the cyclonic eddy compared to the core in this study provide support for the suitcase hypothesis that planktonic organisms are entrained within eddies as they propagate south-westwards of the Madagascan shelf. However, further studies are required to determine whether planktonic larvae are able to cross the Mozambique Channel and reach the KZN coast in time to settle.
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Książki na temat "Larvae – Dispersal"

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Hanke, Alexander Reimund. Distribution of haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) eggs and larvae on the Scotian Shelf, eastern Gulf of Maine, Bay of Fundy and eastern Georges Bank. St Andrews, NB: Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Biological Station, 2001.

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Hanke, Alexander Reimund. Distribution of haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) eggs and larvae on the Scotian Shelf, eastern Gulf of Maine, Bay of Fundy and eastern Georges Bank. St Andrews, N.B: Dept. of Fisheries and Oceans, Biological Station, 2001.

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Hanke, Alexander Reimund. Distribution of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) eggs and larvae on the Scotian Shelf. St Andrews, NB: Dept. of Fisheries and Oceans, Biological Station, 2000.

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Hanke, Alexander Reimund. Distribution of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) eggs and larvae on the Scotian Shelf. St Andrews, N.B: Dept. of Fisheries and Oceans, Biological Station, 2000.

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Garland, Elizabeth D. Temporal variability and vertical structure in larval abundance: The potential roles of biological and physical processes. Cambridge, Mass: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000.

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Alessi, Carol A. Coastal ocean processes inner-shelf study: Coastal and moored physical oceanographic measurements. Woods Hole, Mass: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1996.

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Blood, Deborah M. Spawning, egg development, and early life history dynamics of arrowtooth flounder (Atheresthes stomias) in the Gulf of Alaska. Seattle, Wash: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, 2007.

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Blood, Deborah M. Spawning, egg development, and early life history dynamics of arrowtooth flounder (Atheresthes stomias) in the Gulf of Alaska. Seattle, Wash: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, [Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Scientific Publications Office], 2007.

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Sammarco, Paul W., i Mal L. Heron, red. The Bio‐Physics of Marine Larval Dispersal. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/ce045.

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William, Sammarco Paul, i Heron M. L. 1944-, red. The bio-physics of marine larval dispersal. Washington, D.C: American Geophysical Union, 1994.

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Części książek na temat "Larvae – Dispersal"

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Lyne, V. D., i R. E. Thresher. "Dispersal and Advection of Macruronus novaezealandiae (Gadiformes: Merlucciidae) Larvae off Tasmania: Simulation of the effects of physical forcing on larval distribution". W Coastal and Estuarine Studies, 109–36. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/ce045p0109.

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Sinclair, A. R. E. "Do large mammals disperse like small mammals?" W Animal Dispersal, 229–42. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2338-9_10.

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Marshall, Dustin J., Craig Styan i Christopher D. McQuaid. "Larval Supply and Dispersal". W Ecological Studies, 165–76. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/b76710_11.

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Paris-Limouzy, Claire B. "Reef Interconnectivity/Larval Dispersal". W Encyclopedia of Modern Coral Reefs, 881–89. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2639-2_138.

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Jenkins, S. R., i S. J. Hawkins. "Barnacle larval supply to sheltered rocky shores: a limiting factor?" W Migrations and Dispersal of Marine Organisms, 143–51. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2276-6_16.

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Coelho, Márcio A. G., i Howard R. Lasker. "Larval Dispersal and Population Connectivity in Anthozoans". W The Cnidaria, Past, Present and Future, 291–315. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31305-4_19.

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Boehlert, George W. "Larval dispersal and survival in tropical reef fishes". W Reef Fisheries, 61–84. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8779-2_3.

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Cuttitta, A., V. Carini, B. Patti, A. Bonanno, G. Basilone, S. Mazzola, J. García Lafuente i in. "Anchovy egg and larval distribution in relation to biological and physical oceanography in the Strait of Sicily". W Migrations and Dispersal of Marine Organisms, 117–20. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2276-6_13.

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Matilde, Welber, i Bertoldi Walter. "Morphodynamics and Large Wood Dispersal in Braided Rivers". W Engineering Geology for Society and Territory - Volume 3, 147–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09054-2_29.

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Gutow, Lars. "Local population persistence as a pre-condition for large-scale dispersal of Idotea metallica (Crustacea, Isopoda) on drifting habitat patches". W Migrations and Dispersal of Marine Organisms, 45–48. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2276-6_6.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Larvae – Dispersal"

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Grebenuk, G. G., i N. V. Lubkov. "Methodological Aspects of Territorially Dispersed Clusters Functionality Analysis". W 2019 Twelfth International Conference "Management of large-scale system development" (MLSD). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mlsd.2019.8910989.

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Thorrold. "Determining larval dispersal and natal origins of marine fishes using geochemical signatures in otoliths". W Oceans 2003. Celebrating the Past ... Teaming Toward the Future. IEEE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/oceans.2003.178543.

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Soni, Sankalp, Bakhtier Farouk i Charles N. Haas. "Simulation of Contaminant Dispersal in an Apartment Building". W ASME 2004 Heat Transfer/Fluids Engineering Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht-fed2004-56379.

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Bio-terrorism events (like the 2001 anthrax attacks) accentuate the importance of countering these incidents. In order to develop reliable countermeasures for these events, it is essential to understand the associated transport processes. The transport processes involved pose challenges as they occur over wide ranges of spatial and temporal scales. CONTAMW, a multi zone indoor air quality and ventilation analysis program is used to predict the contaminant dispersal in an apartment building. Detailed simulation results and analysis of controlled release of propylene within a generic apartment building is presented. A zonal analysis is carried out for the entire apartment building (using CONTAMW) to obtain time histories of propylene concentration in different zones. The simulations provide the dispersion, transport and contaminant concentration within each zone of the apartment. This study also considers the effect of flow obstructions and ventilation rates on contaminant dispersal. The results are validated with the experimental results reported in Cybyk et al. (1999). We have also simulated propylene transport in the apartment with FDS, a large eddy simulation model.
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"Modelling dispersal of salmon lice in a large fjordic system: Loch Linnhe, Scotland". W 19th International Congress on Modelling and Simulation. Modelling and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand (MSSANZ), Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.36334/modsim.2011.e9.salama.

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Kopon, Derek, Brian McLeod, Antonin Bouchez, Daniel Catropa, Marcos A. van Dam, Ken McCracken, Stuart McMuldroch i in. "Phasing the GMT with a next generation e-APD dispersed fringe sensor: design and on-sky prototyping". W Adaptive Optics for Extremely Large Telescopes 5. Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.26698/ao4elt5.0101.

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Whitaker, Dwight L., Robert Simsiman, Emily S. Chang, Samuel Whitehead i Hesam Sarvghad-Moghaddam. "Numerical Modeling of Spores Dispersal of Sphagnum Moss Using ANSYS FLUENT". W ASME 2017 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2017-69417.

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The common peat moss, Sphagnum, is able to explosively disperse its spores by producing a vortex ring from a pressurized sporophyte to carry a cloud of spores to heights over 15 cm where the turbulent boundary layer can lift and carry them indefinitely. While vortex ring production is fairly common in the animal kingdom (e.g. squid, jellyfish, and the human heart), this is the first report of vortex rings generated by a plant. In other cases of biologically created vortex rings, it has been observed that vortices are produced with a maximum formation number of L/D = 4, where L is the length of the piston stroke and D is the diameter of the outlet. At this optimal formation number, the circulation and thus impulse of the vortex ring is maximized just as the ring is pinched off. In the current study, we modeled this dispersal phenomenon for the first time using ANSYS FLUENT 17.2. The spore capsule at the time of burst was approximated as a cylinder with a thin cylindrical cap attached to it. They were then placed inside a very large domain representing the air in which the expulsion was modeled. Due to the symmetry of our model about the central axis, we performed a 2D axisymmetric simulation. Also, due the complexity of the fluid domain as a result of the capsule-cap interface, as well as the need for a dynamic mesh for simulating the motion of the cap, first a mesh study was performed to generate an efficient mesh in order to make simulations computationally cost-effective. The domain was discretized using triangular elements and the mesh was refined at the capsule-cap interface to accurately capture the ring vortices formed by the expulsed cap. The dispersal was modeled using a transient simulation by setting a pressure difference between inside of the capsule and the surrounding atmospheric air. Pressure and vorticity contours were recorded at different time instances. Our simulation results were interpreted and compared to high-speed video data of sporophyte expulsions to deduce the pressure within the capsule upon dispersal, as well as the formation number of resulting vortex rings. Vorticity contours predicted by our model were in agreement with the experimental results. We hypothesized that the vortex rings from Sphagnum are sub-optimal since a slower vortex bubble would carry spores more effectively than a faster one.
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Beaulieu, Stace E., Susan Mills, Lauren Mullineaux, Florence Pradillon, Hiromi Watanabe i Shigeaki Kojima. "International study of larval dispersal and population connectivity at hydrothermal vents in the U.S. Marianas Trench Marine National Monument". W OCEANS 2011. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/oceans.2011.6107064.

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Singh, Navindra D., Matthew Moocarme, Benjamin Edelstein i Luat T. Vuong. "Anomalously-large Photo-induced Magnetic Response of Disperse Metallic Nanocolloids". W Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/qels.2012.qm4h.8.

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Ando, Daisuke, Masahiko Kitamura, Fumio Teraoka i Kunitake Kaneko. "Content Espresso: A System for Large File Sharing Using Globally Dispersed Storage". W 2013 IEEE 5th International Conference on Cloud Computing Technology and Science (CloudCom). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cloudcom.2013.162.

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Kang, Hyukmo, David Thompson, Al Conrad, Conrad Vogel, Ariel Lamdan i Dae Wook Kim. "Modular plug-in extension enabling cross-dispersed spectroscopy for Large Binocular Telescope". W Astronomical Optics: Design, Manufacture, and Test of Space and Ground Systems II, redaktorzy Pascal Hallibert, Tony B. Hull i Dae Wook Kim. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2528865.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Larvae – Dispersal"

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Nathan, Harms, i Cronin James. Variability in weed biological control : effects of foliar nitrogen on larval development and dispersal of the alligatorweed flea beetle, Agasicles hygrophila. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), wrzesień 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41886.

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Host quality can have dramatic effects on performance of biological control agents but its importance is understudied. We used a combination of field measurements and laboratory experiments to determine the range of foliar nitrogen (FN) that larvae of the alligatorweed flea beetle (Agasicles hygrophila) are exposed to in the field and its importance to larval development and dispersal. Seasonal variability in FN was assessed at field sites spanning southern to northern Louisiana every 2–3 weeks during the growing season for four years. In a series of laboratory experiments, alligatorweed FN was manipulated to examine its influence on larval development and survival (under different temperature regimes), adult biomass, and dispersal of the biological control agent, A. hygrophila. Foliar nitrogen and rearing temperature had strong independent effects on larval development rate. We demonstrated that increasing nitrogen in leaf tissues shortens larval A. hygrophila developmental time and increases survival to adulthood, regardless of exposure temperature during development. It also suggests that foliar nitrogen may have important effects on biological control of alligatorweed, particularly as a result of seasonal variation in temperature and plant nutrition at field sites and could contribute to observed variation in A. hygrophila efficacy in the field.
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Mullineaux, Lauren S., i Stanley R. Hart. Use of Trace Elements in the Larval Shell as a Marker of Bivalve Dispersal. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, maj 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada389619.

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Gauglitz, Phillip A., i Guillermo Terrones. Estimated Maximum Gas Retention from Uniformly Dispersed Bubbles in K Basin Sludge Stored in Large-Diameter Containers. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), maj 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15001321.

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Lowney, Martin S., Scott F. Beckerman, Scott C. Barras i Thomas W. Seamans. Gulls. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, maj 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.7208740.ws.

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Abundant gull populations in North America have led to a variety of conflicts with people. Gulls cause damage at aquaculture facilities and other properties, and often collide with aircraft. Their use of structures on and near water results in excessive amounts of bird droppings on boats and docks. Their presence near outdoor dining establishments, swimming beaches, and recreational sites can lead to negative interactions with people. Large amounts of gull fecal material pollutes water and beaches resulting in drinking water contamination and swim bans. A combination of dispersal techniques, exclusion and limited lethal control may reduce damage to an acceptable level. Gulls are classified as a migratory bird species and are protected by federal and, in most cases, state laws. In the United States, gulls may be taken only with a permit issued by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Occasionally, an additional permit is required from the state wildlife management agency.
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