Rozprawy doktorskie na temat „Landscape Ecology”
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Whitney, Karen. "Spatial structure affects landscape ecology function". [Florida] : State University System of Florida, 1999. http://etd.fcla.edu/etd/uf/1999/amp7637/whitney.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaTitle from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 35 p.; also contains graphics. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 27-34).
DiBari, John Nicholas. "Linking patch dynamics, landscape organization, patch-size scaling, and landscape connectivity". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280167.
Pełny tekst źródłaSarlöv, Herlin Ingrid. "Edge habitats in agricultural landscapes : woody species, landscape ecology and implications for planning /". Alnarp : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 1999. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/1999/91-576-5715-7.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaDunn, Scott C. "Golf course ecology : opportunities of a landscape". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1996. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/mq23291.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaSaunders, Timothy. "Recovering the ground : landscape, ecology and Virgil's Eclogues". Thesis, University of Bristol, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.369791.
Pełny tekst źródłaMcCluskey, Eric M. "Landscape ecology approaches to Eastern Massasauga Rattlesnake conservation". The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1452059485.
Pełny tekst źródłaNicholson, Uisdean A. M. "Landscape evolution and sediment routing across a strike-slip plate boundary". Thesis, Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources. Restricted: no access until July 20, 2014, 2009. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=59100.
Pełny tekst źródłaMurphy, Melanie April. "New approaches in landscape genetics and niche modeling for understanding limits to anuran distributions". Online access for everyone, 2008. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Summer2008/m_murphy_071708.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaSims, Neil C. "The landscape-scale structure and functioning of floodplains". Connect to this title online, 2004. http://cicada.canberra.edu.au/public/adt-AUC20050706.095439/.
Pełny tekst źródłaTitle from PDF title page (viewed on July 20, 2005). Pages 185-194 lacking in digital version of thesis. Includes bibliographical references (p. 155-184).
Maletzke, Benjamin Thomas. "Effects of anthropogenic disturbance on landscape ecology of cougars". Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2010. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Spring2010/b_maletzke_0041410.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaJoyce, Andrew Noel. "Modelling surface climate over complex terrain for landscape ecology". Thesis, Durham University, 2000. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/4245/.
Pełny tekst źródłaChen, Ziyue. "Modelling 3D urban landscape ecology using airborne lidar data". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648551.
Pełny tekst źródłaWinter, Steven Nicholas. "Landscape Ecology of Chronic Wasting Disease in Virginia, USA". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/101081.
Pełny tekst źródłaMaster of Science
Understanding why diseases occur in some locations and not others can be a critical challenge for disease ecologists. One disease that has received significant attention from the media and scientific community is chronic wasting disease (CWD), which is caused by a misfolded protein called a prion. Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources (DWR) has identified a stark increase in the number of CWD cases since first discovered in 2009, which threatens white-tailed deer populations and a 500 million dollar industry used for conservation of Virginia wildlife species. Previous research found that CWD does not occur randomly on the landscape, but otherwise little is known about the landscape ecology of CWD. To provide insight on Virginia's CWD outbreak, I assessed methods used to investigate other CWD outbreaks in both space and time. Also, I used landscape data collected from satellites and data from CWD cases in Virginia, and applied statistical tools to identify patterns in the landscape that were linked with CWD cases. My results suggest that landscapes were rarely examined to understand CWD, and instead, researchers focused on understanding how populations will respond to the disease. I also provide evidence that, at least in Virginia, researchers can use satellite information with disease data to predict CWD on the landscape and estimate its spread. This information can be used by wildlife managers to control the disease. For example, disease surveillance can be increased in areas where CWD has been predicted, or herd sizes can be reduced in areas likely to promote disease spread. This information could also be used to tailor wildlife health regulations aimed to minimize the risk of other deer populations acquiring the disease. Ultimately, the landscape plays an important role in CWD, but research on this topic is limited; therefore, additional research is needed to understand and eventually control this disease affecting ecologically and culturally important game species.
Herse, Mark Richard. "Landscape ecology of two species of declining grassland sparrows". Thesis, Kansas State University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/35786.
Pełny tekst źródłaDepartment of Biology
Alice Boyle
Species extinctions over the past two centuries have mainly been caused by habitat destruction. Landscape change typically reduces habitat area, and can fragment contiguous habitat into remnant patches that are more subject to anthropogenic disturbance. Furthermore, changes in the landscape matrix and land-use intensification within remaining natural areas can reduce habitat quality and exacerbate the consequences of habitat loss and fragmentation. Accordingly, wildlife conservation requires an understanding of how landscape structure influences habitat selection. However, most studies of habitat selection are conducted at fine spatial scales and fail to account for landscape context. Temperate grasslands are a critically endangered biome, and remaining prairies are threatened by woody encroachment and disruptions to historic fire-grazing regimes. Here, I investigated the effects of habitat area, fragmentation, woody cover, and rangeland management on habitat selection by two species of declining grassland-obligate sparrows: Henslow’s Sparrows (Ammodramus henslowii) and Grasshopper Sparrows (A. savannarum). I conducted >10,000 bird surveys at sites located throughout eastern Kansas, home to North America’s largest remaining tracts of tallgrass prairie, during the breeding seasons of 2015 and 2016. I assessed the relative importance of different landscape attributes in determining occurrence and within-season site-fidelity of Henslow’s Sparrows using dynamic occupancy models. The species was rare, inhabited <1% of sites, and appeared and disappeared from sites within and between seasons. Henslow’s Sparrows only settled in unburned prairie early in spring, but later in the season, inhabited burned areas and responded to landscape structure at larger scales (50-ha area early in spring vs. 200-ha during mid-season). Sparrows usually settled in unfragmented prairie, strongly favored Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) fields embedded within rangeland, avoided trees, and disappeared from hayfields after mowing. Having identified fragmentation as an important determinant of Henslow’s Sparrow occurrence, I used N-mixture models to test whether abundance of the more common Grasshopper Sparrow was driven by total habitat area or core habitat area (i.e. grasslands >60 m from woodlands, croplands, or urbanized areas). Among 50-ha landscapes containing the same total grassland area, sparrows favored landscapes with more core habitat, and like Henslow’s Sparrows, avoided trees; in landscapes containing ~50–70% grassland, abundance decreased more than threefold if half the grassland area was near an edge, and the landscape contained trees. Effective conservation requires ensuring that habitat is suitable at spatial scales larger than that of the territory or home range. Protecting prairie remnants from agricultural conversion and woody encroachment, promoting CRP enrollment, and maintaining portions of undisturbed prairie in working rangelands each year are critical to protecting threatened grassland species. Both Henslow’s Sparrows and Grasshopper Sparrows were influenced by habitat fragmentation, underscoring the importance of landscape features in driving habitat selection by migratory birds. As habitat loss threatens animal populations worldwide, conservation efforts focused on protecting and restoring core habitat could help mitigate declines of sensitive species.
Milanesi, Pietro <1982>. "Landscape ecology and genetics of the wolf in Italy". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6289/1/Landscape_ecology_and_genetics_of_the_wolf_in_Italy.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaMilanesi, Pietro <1982>. "Landscape ecology and genetics of the wolf in Italy". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6289/.
Pełny tekst źródłaEldridge, James Vincent. "Landscape ecology of the lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2014. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/69538/2/James_Eldridge_Thesis.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaManfree, Amber Dawn. "Landscape Change in Suisun Marsh". Thesis, University of California, Davis, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3646341.
Pełny tekst źródłaSuisun Marsh is a 470 km2 wetland situated between the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta and San Pablo Bay in the San Francisco Estuary. Today, about 80 percent of the marsh plain is privately owned by duck hunting clubs and managed in accordance with conservation agreements. A complex network of sloughs weaves through the Marsh, providing habitat for numerous aquatic species. Together the waterways and marsh plain support a stunning array of species, provide exurban open space, and are increasingly called upon to meet regional conservation objectives. The Marsh is vulnerable to sea level rise impacts, pollution, and other human impacts, so understanding how it functions so it can be successfully managed to meet the lofty objectives set out for it will be critically important in the decades ahead. This study reviews landscape-scale historical ecology of Suisun Marsh and examines recent variation in fish populations from a geographical perspective.
Chapter 1 presents the geomorphic and physical history of the landscape, explaining processes driving wetland development and contributing to unique functional subregions within the Marsh. Chapter 2 examines human- and animal-landscape interactions. Ecologically significant shifts in human and animal populations during the Spanish and Mexican eras, followed by agricultural development in the late 1800s and duck club management starting around 1900, have kept the Marsh landscape continually changing. The rate and magnitude of landscape change has intensified since European contact in 1769 and even more since the Gold Rush of 1849. Chapter 3 explores landscape-scale variation in species distribution and abundance based on a long-term study of Suisun Marsh fishes and invertebrates and presents these data in novel animations. Animated maps are used to explore shifting populations of fishes and invertebrates from 1980 to 2013, demonstrating the value of long-term biogeographical datasets in understanding biological communities at the landscape scale.
Understanding both the deep and recent history of the Marsh provides insights and inspiration, informs management approaches, points to potential restoration and rehabilitation targets, and affects attitudes about appropriate human interactions with this dynamic biological system and landscape.
Laforge, Alexis. "How to mitigate the effect of habitat fragmentation by roads and light pollution on bats? contributions of landscape ecology : contributions of landscape ecology". Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020INPT0036.
Pełny tekst źródłaLandscape anthropization through habitat loss and fragmentation is one of the main threats to biodiversity. This PhD (CIFRE funding) was carried out in at INRAE Toulouse (Dynafor lab) in collaboration with the Conservatoire des Espaces Naturels de Midi-Pyrénées (CENMP). It aimed at a better understanding of the impacts of light pollution and road expansion on bats, two major and inevitable elements of anthropization, using a landscape ecology framework applied to bat conservation. This work is structured in 4 sections: (i) by means of an exhaustive review of bat telemetry studies in Europe and North America, I explored how landscape anthropization influenced bat mobility through mean home range sizes and commuting distances; (ii) using simultaneous acoustic sampling of bat communities at both edge and interior forest patches in 172 landscapes varying in terms of forest amount and road density, I analyzed how forest fragmentation and road network shaped the taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity of bat communities at multiple spatial scales; (iii) by developing models of species distribution and connectivity (least-cost path) at the scale of a large urban area, I assessed the effect of different street lighting extinction scenarios on landscape connectivity for three bat species; and (iv) using a field experiment, I tested the influence of landscape context around road underpasses on their use by bats and the efficiency of these structures in maintaining landscape connectivity while reducing the risk of collision with vehicles. While the first two sections of the PhD seek to better understand the mechanisms underlying the effects of landscape anthropization on bats, the last two axes are applied to their direct conservation by demonstrating how landscape ecology can contribute to improve existing measures
Ecke, Frauke. "Effects of landscape patterns on small mammal abundance". Doctoral thesis, Luleå, 2003. http://epubl.luth.se/1402-1544/2003/30/index.html.
Pełny tekst źródłaPrairie, Marie-Pier. "Landscape ecology of an amphibian community in southern Quebec, Canada". Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66684.
Pełny tekst źródłaCe mémoire de maîtrise porte sur les facteurs potentiels pouvant influencer l'occurrence des stades de développement chez les amphibiens se reproduisant dans des étangs dans plusieurs sites situés dans une forêt de 467 hectares à Mont-Saint-Grégoire, Québec, en 2006 et 2007. Plusieurs variables environnementales et liées au paysage ainsi que l'occurrence d'espèces de prédateurs ont fait l'objet d'analyses statistiques visant à vérifier leur capacité à prédire l'occurrence des stades. Ceux-ci ont été influencés différemment par les conditions environnementales et leur occurrence n'a pas pu être prédite par les mêmes facteurs. Le recrutement de nouveaux individus est possible seulement si les conditions sont favorables pour tous les stades. La détection d'adultes reproducteurs n'est pas un moyen adéquat pour prédire le recrutement. En effet, la présence d'œufs ou de têtards permet de prédire davantage la présence de recrutement. Les différentes espèces ne sont pas influencées de la même façon par les facteurs et ce que les amphibiens requièrent en général n'est pas représentatif des besoins de chaque espèce. De plus, nous avons tenté de comprendre, sans succès, la dispersion de trois espèces, car la reproduction fut très brève en 2007 en raison des conditions météorologiques. Ces résultats laissent entrevoir la complexité de la dynamique des populations chez les amphibiens se reproduisant dans des étangs et la nécessité de réaliser des études multifactorielles à long terme sur plusieurs espèces.
Fjellstad, Wendy Jane. "The landscape ecology of butterflies in traditionally managed Norwegian farmland". Thesis, Durham University, 1998. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/4657/.
Pełny tekst źródłaConnolly, Creighton Paul. "A landscape political ecology of 'swiftlet farming' in Malaysian cities". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/a-landscape-political-ecology-of-swiftlet-farming-in-malaysian-cities(c44a80de-103d-4f0a-9e83-c62b40d5ac3b).html.
Pełny tekst źródłaZetterberg, Andreas. "Connecting the dots : Network analysis, landscape ecology, and practical application". Doctoral thesis, KTH, Miljöbedömning och -förvaltning, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-48491.
Pełny tekst źródłaQC 20111125
Aalders, Ingrid H. "Landscape ecology and sustainable land use planning in East Suffolk". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323351.
Pełny tekst źródłaRobinson, Samantha. "Landscape ecology, survival and space use of lesser prairie-chickens". Thesis, Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/20507.
Pełny tekst źródłaBiology
David A. Haukos
The lesser prairie-chicken (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus) has experienced range-wide population declines and range contraction since European settlement. Due to ongoing declines, lesser prairie-chickens were listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act in 2014; however, uncertainty regarding the legal status of the species has developed following a judicial decision to vacate the listing in September 2015. Regardless, new research is required for conservation planning, especially for understudied portions and temporal periods of the occupied range. I evaluated nonbreeding lesser prairie-chicken survival using known-fate models, and tested for the influence of environmental, landscape and predator effects on weekly survival. I estimated nonbreeding home-range size using fixed kernel density estimators and Brownian Bridge movement models for VHF and Satellite tagged lesser prairie-chickens, and measured habitat use during the 6-month nonbreeding period (16 September – 14 March). I also determined the influence of lek location on space use intensity within home ranges using resource utilization functions. Female survival was high (0.75, SE = 0.05) and consistent across nonbreeding seasons, but not explainable by selected variables. Mean home range size for birds with GPS transmitters (955 ha, SE = 128.5) was 215% larger than for individuals with VHF transmitters (303 ha, SE = 24.1) and 136% greater during the 2014-2015 nonbreeding season than the 2013-2014 season. Males and females were tied to leks throughout the nonbreeding season, and this relationship was not variable across the months of the nonbreeding season. Proportions of habitat used differed among study sites, but temporal trends were not evident. Lesser prairie-chickens exhibited consistency among ecoregions for home-range, space use, and survival; however, with differing habitat use among regions, management should be on the regional scale. Agriculture and energy development have caused fragmentation of the landscape where lesser prairie-chickens evolved. I used known fate survival models to test if landscape composition or configuration within sites caused survival to differ by site, as well as within home ranges to determine if functional relationships exist between weekly survival and landscape configuration or composition. I used Andersen-Gill models to test whether distance to anthropogenic features affected hazard rates. Differences in survival rates between sites, with survival rates 50% greater in Clark County, Kansas compared to Northwestern, Kansas, corresponded to differences in the amount of grassland habitat on the landscape, but study-site configuration was not measurably different. Increasing the number of patch types within home ranges increased survival, indicating positive effects of heterogeneity. In addition, as distance to fences decreased, lesser prairie-chickens experienced greater risk. Overall, further breakup of grassland landscapes that lesser prairie-chickens occupy should be avoided, to avoid habitat loss and fragmentation thresholds that could further affect survival rates. Additionally, fences should be removed or avoided around active leks.
Sponsler, Douglas B. "Honey bee landscape ecology: foraging, toxic exposure, and apicultural outcomes". The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1479825586271009.
Pełny tekst źródłaBaum, Kristen Anne. "Feral Africanized honey bee ecology in a coastal prairie landscape". Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969/150.
Pełny tekst źródłaCapelli, Jason L. "Landscape ecology of rodents in a no-till agriculture system". Online access for everyone, 2005. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Spring2005/j%5Fcapelli%5F050605.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaJay, Grace Mairi McIntyre. "Symbolic order and material agency a cultural ecology of native forest remnants on Waikato dairy farms /". Connect to this title online, 2004. http://adt.waikato.ac.nz/public/adt-uow20060125.120921/.
Pełny tekst źródłaGrant, Paul Brian Charles. "Acoustic profiling of the landscape". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86463.
Pełny tekst źródłaENGLISH ABSTRACT: Soft, serene insect songs add an intrinsic aesthetic value to the landscape. Yet these songs also have an important biological relevance. Acoustic signals across the landscape carry a multitude of localized information allowing organisms to communicate invisibly within their environment. Ensifera are cryptic participants of nocturnal soundscapes, contributing to ambient acoustics through their diverse range of proclamation songs. Although not without inherent risks and constraints, the single most important function of signalling is sexual advertising and pair formation. In order for acoustic communication to be effective, signals must maintain their encoded information so as to lead to positive phonotaxis in the receiver towards the emitter. In any given environment, communication is constrained by various local abiotic and biotic factors, resulting in Ensifera utilizing acoustic niches, shifting species songs spectrally, spatially and temporally for their optimal propagation in the environment. Besides the importance of Ensifera songs from an ethological point of view, the multitude of species-specific signals provide an acoustic tapestry representing species diversity across ecological gradients and over time. Acoustic inventorying and monitoring of the landscape can reflect the environmental status of ecological systems, from natural to disturbed by human influence. In contrast to traditional survey techniques, sound recording and interpretation is a non-invasive method that allows for the detection and classification of highly cryptic, yet insightful indicators of ecosystem change. Here, acoustic monitoring was used across diverse ecological gradients to improve understanding of species diversity patterns, and how they change in response to both natural gradients and in response to the human dominated landscape mosaic. This study was undertaken in three geographic locations from tropical rain forest of Brunei, Borneo, to the landscapemosaic of plantation forestry in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, and to the botanically rich, mountain fynbos region of the Cape Floristic Region, also in South Africa. Each region provided a diverse and particular landscape to test the value of acoustic surveys for determining local diversity patterns across natural gradients and to assess the value of the technique for assessing the impact human influence across landscapes. In tropical rainforests, an entire acoustic guild was investigated to determine how acoustic species partition their acoustic communication channels spectrally, temporally and spatially, to avoid acoustic interference. The overall assemblage showed considerable spectral partitioning. Diurnally active species showed low temporal niche overlap, whereas nocturnal species did not utilize temporal partitioning. Lack of nocturnal temporal partitioning suggests other mechanisms of acoustic avoidance are sufficient to avoid acoustic overlap, or that there are insufficient cues to partition nocturnal acoustic environments. Acoustic species also utilized spatial partitioning, with distinct acoustic assemblages at vertical heights and with elevation. Utilization of a range of different strategies allow many species to communicate with conspecifics with little or no interference from other species in a signal rich environment. Acoustic profiling was also undertaken in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, across a plantation forestry landscape mosaic with diverse ecological gradients containing both alien and indigenous vegetation, as well as boarding large natural protected areas. Areas covered in alien timber or non-endemic grass were devoid of acoustic signals. Managed areas that were mowed and heavily grazed were not effective in maintaining the natural complement of nocturnal acoustic species. Within natural vegetation patches inside plantations, acoustic species richness increased with plant heterogeneity and patch size. Patches of indigenous vegetation within the plantation matrix effectively reduced the contrast of transformed landscapes with surrounding natural areas, with indigenous forest patches containing a highly characteristic acoustic species assemblage. Within the botanically rich, mountain fynbos region of the Cape Floristic Region, acoustic profiling was conducted across gradients of elevation, season and vegetation. Across these gradients, katydid acoustic signals were identified and characterized for the first time. This resulted in the discovery of two new katydid species and a novel sound producing structure in a carabid beetle, a species previously unknown to produce sound. Acoustic diversity across seasonal and elevational gradients increased with increasing temperatures. Climatic variability along the elevational gradient produced variation in seasonal phenology. Katydids also utilized high frequency acoustic signals, which is probably an adaptation to overcome background noise from wind, so prevalent in this area. Furthermore, despite producing conspicuous signals for mate attraction and pair formation, katydids were found not to be part of bat-eared fox diet, an insectivorous, nocturnal predator that uses its characteristic large ears to detect sounds made by invertebrate prey. This study shows the value of using acoustic emissions from katydids to identify acoustic diversity patterns across ecological gradients and in response to human impacts on the landscape.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Sagte, rustige insekliedjies voeg ‘n intrinsieke estetiese waarde aan die landskap. Tog is hierdie liedjies ook van belangrike biologiese waarde. Akoestiese seine oor die landskap dra ‘n magdom plaaslike inligting wat organismes in staat stel om onsigbaar te kommunikeer binne hul omgewing. Langhoringsprinkane is kriptiese deelnemers van die nagtelike klankomgewing en dra by tot die omringende akoestiek deur hul verskeidenheid van proklamasieliedjies. Alhoewel dit nie sonder inherente risiko’s en beperkings is nie, is die belangrikste funksie van seine seksuele advertering en paarvorming. Vir akoestiese kommunikasie om effektief te wees, moet seine hul geënkodeerde inligting handhaaf, sodat dit sal lei tot positiewe fonotaksis in die ontvanger teenoor die emittor. In enige gegewe omgewing, word kommunikasie beperk deur verskeie plaaslike abiotiese en biotiese faktore. Dit lei tot die gebruik van akoestiese nisse deur langhoringsprinkane, wat hulle liedjies spektraal, ruimtelik en temporeel aanpas vir optimale verspreiding in die omgewing. Benewens die belang van die langhoringsprinkaan liedjies uit ʼn etologiese oogpunt, bied die menigte spesie-spesifieke seine ʼn akoestiese tapisserie wat spesiesdiversiteit verteenwoordig oor ekologiese gradiënte en oor tyd. Akoestiese opname en monitering van die landskap kan die omgewingstoestand van ekologiese stelsels weerspieël, van natuurlike tot menslik versteurde stelsels. In teenstelling met tradisionele opnametegnieke, is klankopname en interpretasie ʼn nie-indringende metode wat dit moontlik maak om hoogs kriptiese, nog insiggewende indikators van ekosisteemverandering op te spoor en te klassifiseer. In hierdie studie is akoestiese monitering gebruik oor diverse ekologiese gradiënte om ons begrip te verbeter van spesies diversiteitspatrone, en hoe dit verander in reaksie op beide natuurlike gradiënte en in reaksie op die menslik gedomineerde landskapmosaïek. Hierdie studie is onderneem in drie geografiese liggings: tropiese reënwoud in Brunei, Borneo, die landskapmosaïek van plantasiebosbou in KwaZulu-Natal, Suid-Afrika, en die plantryke, bergfynbos-streek van die Kaap Floristiese Streek, ook in Suid-Afrika. Elke streek het 'n diverse en besondere landskap verskaf om die waarde van akoestiese opnames te toets vir die bepaling van plaaslike diversiteitspatrone in natuurlike gradiënte, asook om die waarde van die tegniek te bepaal vir die beoordeling van die impak van menslike invloed oor landskappe. In tropiese reënwoude, is 'n hele akoestiese gilde ondersoek om te bepaal hoe akoestiese spesies hul akoestiese kommunikasiekanale spektraal, ruimtelik en temporeel verdeel om akoestiese inmenging te vermy. Die algehele groep het aansienlike spektrale verdeling getoon. Dagaktiewe spesies het lae temporele nisoorvleueling getoon, terwyl nagtelike spesie nie temporele verdeling benut het nie. Gebrek aan nagtelike temporele verdeling dui daarop dat ander meganismes van akoestiese vermyding voldoende is om akoestiese oorvleueling te vermy, of dat daar onvoldoende seine is om nagtelike akoestiese omgewings te verdeel. Akoestiese spesies het ook ruimtelike verdeling benut, met verskillende akoestiese spesiesversamelings op vertikale hoogtes en met hoogte bo seevlak. Die gebruik van 'n verskeidenheid van strategieë maak dit moontlik vir spesies om te kommunikeer met min of geen inmenging van ander spesies in 'n seinryke omgewing. Akoestiese profielsamestelling is ook onderneem in KwaZulu-Natal, Suid-Afrika, oor 'n plantasiebosbou landskapmosaïek met diverse ekologiese gradiënte wat beide uitheemse en inheemse plantegroei, sowel as groot, natuurlike, beskermde gebiede ingesluit het. Gebiede wat bestaan het uit uitheemse timmerhoutbome of nie-endemiese gras, was heeltemal sonder akoestiese seine. Bestuursgebiede wat gesny en swaar bewei was, het nie doeltreffend die natuurlike komplement van nagtelike akoestiese spesies gehandhaaf nie. In natuurlike plantegroei fragmente binne plantasies, het akoestiese spesiesrykheid toegeneem met plantverskeidenheid en fragmentgrootte. Fragmente van inheemse plantegroei binne die plantasiematriks het effektief die kontras van getransformeerde landskappe met omliggende natuurlike gebiede verminder, en inheemse woudefragmente het hoogs kenmerkende akoestiese spesiesversamelings gehad. Binne die plantryke bergfynbosstreek van die Kaap Floristiese Streek, was akoestiese profielsamestelling gedoen oor gradiënte van hoogte bo seevlak, seisoen en plantegroei. Oor hierdie gradiënte, is langhoringsprinkaan akoestiese seine geïdentifiseer en gekenmerk vir die eerste keer. Dit het gelei tot die ontdekking van twee nuwe langhoringsprinkaan spesies en 'n nuwe klankvervaardiging struktuur in 'n Carabid kewer, 'n spesie wat nie voorheen bekend was om klank te produseer nie. Akoestiese diversiteit oor gradiënte van seisoen en hoogte bo seevlak het toegeneem met toenemende temperature. Variasie in klimaatstoestande oor die gradiënt van hoogte bo seevlak het variasie in seisoenale fenologie veroorsaak. Langhoringsprinkane het ook hoë frekwensie akoestiese seine benut, wat waarskynlik 'n aanpassing is om agtergrondgeraas van die wind, wat so algemeen is in hierdie gebied, te bowe te kom. Verder, ten spyte van die vervaardiging van opvallende seine vir maataantrekking en paarvorming, het langhoringsprinkane nie deel gevorm van die bakoorjakkals se dieet nie. Hierdie is 'n insekvretende, nagtelike roofdier wat gebruik maak van sy kenmerkende groot ore om klanke op te spoor wat gemaak word deur invertebraatprooi. Hierdie studie toon die waarde van die gebruik van akoestiese seine van langhoringsprinkane om akoestiese diversiteitspatrone te identifiseer oor ekologiese gradiënte en in reaksie op menslike impakte op die landskap.
Kim, Hojung He Hong S. "Developing a stand density module in LANDIS to improve simulation realism of stand dynamics". Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6589.
Pełny tekst źródłavan, Schalkwyk Julia. "Biodiversity conservation in a fragmented landscape : arthropod assemblages in smaller corridors within a production landscape". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96752.
Pełny tekst źródłaENGLISH ABSTRACT: Habitat loss and fragmentation are major threats to global biodiversity. A cornerstone of traditional conservation involves setting aside land as formally protected areas (PAs). However, for effective biological conservation in the long term there needs to be connectivity between these PAs. When possible, improved connectivity can be achieved using natural corridors at a landscape scale. Even better is to establish a network of corridors and nodes in the form of ecological networks (ENs). ENs are currently being employed by commercial forestry companies in South Africa. While larger corridors and nodes are considered optimum, factors other than design, such as management and environmental heterogeneity, have also been found to be important for species maintenance. This study aims to explore the role of corridor width in driving the composition of invertebrate assemblages across a transformed landscape in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, and to investigate other possible environmental variables significant for species distributions. In Chapter 2, I investigated the contribution of smaller grassland corridors within a timber production matrix to overall biodiversity conservation using two important bioindicator taxa. Ants and dung beetles were sampled in grassland corridors of three size classes, plantation blocks and a nearby PA, iMpendle Nature Reserve. The two taxa showed differential responses to landscape level fragmentation. Dung beetles showed a decrease in species richness and corresponding increase in species turnover with increased fragmentation, while ants were unaffected, although counter intuitively smaller corridors even contained more unique ant species compared to larger corridors. Dung beetle assemblages also showed strong differences between the PA and grassland corridors. While the conservation effectiveness of large corridors undoubtedly exceeds that of smaller corridors, for ants it seems that smaller corridors contribute to their overall conservation within this production landscape. In Chapter 3, I explore the importance of spatial and environmental factors for species distribution across this landscape. Dung beetles were split into functional guilds according to size and nesting behaviour for analyses. Within grassland corridors, tunnelling dung beetle species richness was sensitive to landscape level fragmentation, especially for larger species, while elevation and vegetation type influenced ant species richness. Since rolling dung beetles showed a close association with the PA, the marked difference in dung beetle assemblages between these two land-uses may be due to the presence of pellet producing grazers in the protected area and their replacement by pat producing cattle in the grassland corridors. Other environmental variables that were found to be important for dung beetle species composition were elevation, vegetation type, and soil hardness. For ant species composition, only elevation was found to be important. In conclusion, as large corridors were comparable to the PA in dung beetle and ant species richness, ENs act as extensions of formally PAs, given that they are large enough. Nevertheless, smaller corridors had surprisingly high species richness. Including additional information other than species data improved our knowledge of the underlying factors that drive dung beetle species composition. Even though dung beetle and ant species responded differentially to habitat fragmentation, environmental heterogeneity seemed important for both taxa. Incorporating habitat heterogeneity into the current management scheme may improve the conservation effectiveness within this transformed landscape.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die vermindering en fragmentasie van natuurlike habitat is ‘n groot bedreiging vir globale biodiversiteit. ‘n Belangrike tradisionele benadering tot natuurbewaring behels die afbakening van land vir formele beskermde areas (BAs). Ten einde effektiewe biologiese bewaring oor die langtermyn te verseker moet daar verbinding wees tussen hierdie BAs. Indien moontlik kan verbeterde verbinding verkry word deur die gebruik van natuurlike gange op ʼn landskaps-vlak. Nog beter is om ʼn netwerk van gange en nodes in die vorm van ekologies netwerke (ENe) saam te stel. ENe word tans deur kommersiële bosboumaatskappye in Suid Afrika aangewend. Terwyl groter gange en nodes as optimaal beskou word, is ander faktore behalwe ontwerp, soos bestuur en omgewingsheterogeniteit, ook al gevind as belangrik vir die onderhouding van spesies. Hierdie studie is gemik daarop om die rol van gangwydte as dryfkrag vir die samestelling van invertebraatversamelings oor ʼn getransformeerde landskap in KwaZulu-Natal, Suid-Afrika, te ondersoek, asook ander moontlike omgewingsveranderlikes wat belangrik vir spesiesverpreidings kan wees. In Hoofstuk 2 het ek die bydrae van kleiner gange tot totale biodiversiteit-bewaring ondersoek deur twee belangrike bio-indikator taxa te bestudeer. Miere en miskruiers is versamel in grasland-gange van drie grootte-klasse, plantasie blokke en ‘n naby geleë BA, iMpendle Natuurreservaat. Die twee taxa het verskillende reaksies tot landskaps-vlak fragmentasie getoon. Miskruiers het ‘n verlaging in spesiesrykheid en ‘n gesamentlike verhoging in spesiesomset met verhoogde fragmentasie gewys, terwyl miere nie geaffekteer is nie, alhoewel kleiner gange het trouens meer unieke mierspesies bevat as groter gange. Die miskruierversamelings in die BA het ook opmerklik verskil van dié in die grasland-gange. Alhoewel die bewaringsdoeltreffendheid van groot gange beslis dié van kleiner gange oorskry, kom dit voor dat kleiner gange wel bydra tot die totale bewaring van miere binne hierdie produksielandskap. In Hoofstuk 3 het ek die belangrikheid van ruimtelike en omgewingsfaktore vir spesiesverspreiding oor hierdie landskap ondersoek. Miskruiers is ook in funksionele groepe verdeel volgens grootte en nes-gedrag vir aparte analise. Binne grasland-gange was tonnellende miskruierspesies sensitief vir landskaps-vlak fragmentasie, veral groter spesies, terwyl hoogte bo seevlak en vegetasie tipe mier spesiesrykheid beïnvloed het. Aangesien rollende miskruierspesies ‘n nabye assosiasie met die BA gewys het, mag die opmerklike verskil in miskruier versamelings tussen hierdie twee grondgebruike ʼn gevolg wees van die aanwesigheid van korrel-mis produserend beweiders in die BA en hulle vervanging deur nat-mis produserende beeste in die grasland-gange. Omgewingsveranderlikes uitsluitende ganggrootte wat belangrik gevind is vir miskruier spesiessamestelling was hoogte bo seevlak, vegetasie tipe en grond-hardheid. Vir mier spesiessamestelling was slegs hoogte bo seevlak belangrik. Om af te sluit, aangesien groot gange vergelykbaar was met die BA in miskruier en mier spesiesrykheid, tree ENe op as uitbreidings van BAs, mits hulle groot genoeg is. Desnieteenstaande het kleiner gange ‘n verbasende hoë spesiesrykheid gehad, veral onder miere. Die insluiting van addisionele inligting buiten spesiesdata het ons kennis van die onderliggende faktore wat miskruier spesiessamestelling dryf verbeter. Alhoewel miskruier- en mierspesies verskillend gereageer het op habitat fragmentasie, het dit voorgekom asof omgewingsheterogeniteit belangrik was vir die spesiesverspreiding van beide taxa. Die insluiting van habitatheterogeniteit binne die huidige bestuursplan mag die doeltreffendheid van bewaring binne hierdie getransformeerde landskap verbeter.
Youngquist, Melissa Betty. "How Local and Landscape Factors Affect Anuran Species Distributions in Agricultural Landscapes". Miami University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1437667835.
Pełny tekst źródłaJones, Stephen Howard. "The landscape ecology of hedgerows with particular reference to island biogeography". Thesis, University of York, 1992. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/2487/.
Pełny tekst źródłaKautza, Adam Robert. "Consequences of landscape change on riverine food webs and aquatic-terrestrial linkages". The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1408719548.
Pełny tekst źródłaFischer, Joern. "Beyond fragmentation : lizard distribution patterns in two production landscapes and their implications for conceptual landscape models /". View thesis entry in Australian Digital Theses Program, 2004. http://thesis.anu.edu.au/public/adt-ANU20060718.150101/index.html.
Pełny tekst źródłaLung, Joni M. "Mink and Raccoon Use of Wetlands as Influenced by Wetland and Landscape Characteristics in Central Ohio". Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1218600551.
Pełny tekst źródłaRioja-Nieto, Rodolfo. "Landscape ecology and conservation of the Cozumel Reefs National Park, Mexico". Thesis, University of Warwick, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.487914.
Pełny tekst źródłaGray, Duncan Peter. "Braided river springs: distribution, benthic ecology, and role in the landscape". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Biology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1289.
Pełny tekst źródłaCumming, Gabriel Benjamin Cox J. Robert. "Explorations in discursive ecology addressing landscape change with rural North Carolinians /". Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,1100.
Pełny tekst źródłaTitle from electronic title page (viewed Mar. 27, 2008). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Curriculum of Ecology." Discipline: Ecology; Department/School: Ecology.
Wong, Yim-wah, i 黃炎華。. "Ecology and biodiversity of a degraded landscape: Lamma Island, Hong Kong". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3123947X.
Pełny tekst źródłaScales, Ivan Richard. "Forest frontiers : the political ecology of landscape change in western Madagascar". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.612306.
Pełny tekst źródłaGregory, Andrew J. "Landscape genetics and behavioral ecology of Greater Prairie-Chickens (Tympanuchus cupido)". Diss., Kansas State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/8530.
Pełny tekst źródłaDepartment of Biology
Brett K. Sandercock
Samantha Wisely
Anthropogenic activities and climate change have dramatically altered landscapes worldwide. The ability of species to cope and adapt to ongoing changes is likely a function of their behavior, movements, and sensitivity to fragmentation. Greater Prairie-Chickens (GPC) are a lek mating grouse native to the Great Plains Landscape Conservation Cooperative (GPLCC), for which inbreeding depression and anthropogenic avoidance are a concern. The goals of my dissertation were to: 1) identify genetic correlates of male performance which may influence population viability under current land use practices, 2) identify GPC habitat characteristics and delineate areas of critical GPC habitat necessary for GPC conservation, and 3) identify the relative importance of distance and habitat quality for maintaining genetic connectivity among spatially structured populations. First, I found male reproductive success and survival to be positively associated with genetic diversity. Using multistate modeling in Program Mark, male survival across the observed range of variation in number of alleles (15-22) increased more than fourfold from 0.17 to 0.77. Second, I found 35-40% of Kansas, and 1.5 % (11,000 Km squared) of the GPLCC, were considered high-quality lek habitats. Top performing logistic models predicting lek presence (wi=0.95) included strong effects of grassland cover and avoidance of anthropogenic disturbance. When this model was applied to putative future landscapes based on climate change and current land use trends over a 70-year period, I found a 27-40% reduction in habitat area and a 137 Km southeast shift in habitat distribution. Under equilibrium conditions we expect isolation by distance (IBD) to explain the distribution of genetic diversity. However, if the landscape restricts dispersal, then we might observe isolation by resistance (IBR). I used model selection procedures to choose among competing IBR or IBD models to explain the distribution of genetic diversity among GPC populations across Kansas and the GPLCC. IBD was never supported (R-square<0.02, P>0.09). The best models for Kansas (R2=0.69, P<0.02) and for the GPLCC (R-square=0.46, P<0.02) indicated that human-mediated landscape changes have influenced landscape permeability for dispersal. The integration of behavioral, landscape, and genetic data provided new insights on prairie-chicken ecology, and is a powerful approach for developing conservation strategies for sensitive species.
Foster, Rebecca. "The ecology of jaguars (Panthera onca) in a human-influenced landscape". Thesis, University of Southampton, 2008. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/66711/.
Pełny tekst źródłaBurlij, Larissa. "Infrastructure as Landscape: Imagining an Operative Ecology along the Cuyahoga River". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1337101681.
Pełny tekst źródłaAnderson, Dawn E. "Yellowhammer (Emberiza citrinella) ecology in an intensive pastoral dominated farming landscape". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2014. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/5356/.
Pełny tekst źródłaBormpoudakis, Dimitrios. "Green infrastructure and landscape connectivity in England : a political ecology approach". Thesis, University of Kent, 2016. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/56639/.
Pełny tekst źródłaLuck, Gary W. "Landscape differences in the ecology of the Rufous Treecreeper Climacteris Rufa". Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2000. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1546.
Pełny tekst źródłaTeixeira-Martins, Kyle. "Pollination services are mediated by bee functional diversity and landscape context". Thesis, McGill University, 2014. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=121418.
Pełny tekst źródłaLes abeilles sauvages, qui possèdent plusieurs caractéristiques fonctionnelles contribuant à la pollinisation des pommiers (Malus domestica Borkh), ont le potentiel de compenser le déclin d'abeilles mellifères (Apis mellifera Linnaeus) qui sont normalement adoptées pour assurer la grenaison et la nouaison des fruits. Les facteurs qui rendront possible cette dite compensation dépendent de la diversité fonctionnelle de la communauté des abeilles sauvages, ainsi que de la répartition de leur habitat au sein du vaste paysage qui entoure les vergers. Nous avons étudié les services écosystémiques et la diversité fonctionnelle des abeilles dans vingt vergers situés au sud du Québec. Nous avons ensuite évalué l'efficacité des abeilles pollinisatrices en étudiant les paramètres suivants : la vitesse de butinage, la fréquence des contacts avec les stigmates, la taille des abeilles, le type de récolte (pollen ou nectar), la sociabilité, le seuil d'activité en fonction des paramètres climatiques et temporaux, et finalement, le mode de transport du pollen. Les services de pollinisation ont été mesurés en fonction de la nouaison et de la grenaison des pommes. La diversité fonctionnelle a été estimée en tenant compte des caractéristiques fonctionnelles et des valeurs d'abondance relative des abeilles, et cette estimation a été utilisée pour modéliser les services écosystémiques. La composition et la configuration des habitats naturels (boisés) et semi-naturels (en friche) dans les paysages autour des vergers étudiés ont été corrélées avec la diversité et les services de pollinisation fournis localement. L'incidence de la nouaison et la grenaison des pommes ont augmenté avec la diversité fonctionnelle des abeilles. La complémentarité dans l'utilisation des ressources entre les abeilles gérées et non gérées a été responsable de cette relation positive. La diversité fonctionnelle des abeilles a démontré une association positive avec la terre boisée et avec la terre en friche. La phénologie des espèces fleurissantes dans ces deux types de terrain se complète mutuellement dans leur fourniture des ressources pour les abeilles. Nous voulons mettre en place des objectifs de conservation des habitats boisés et en friche afin de favoriser la diversité fonctionnelle des abeilles sauvages et les services de pollinisation. Une identification des espèces d'abeille sauvage les plus utiles à la pollinisation a été entamée, et nous avons discuté de leurs besoins en fonction de la composition et de la configuration du paysage.