Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Land Atmosphere

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  1. Artykuły w czasopismach
  2. Rozprawy doktorskie
  3. Książki
  4. Części książek
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Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Land Atmosphere”

Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 6 września 2023

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Land Atmosphere"

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Späth, Florian, Verena Rajtschan, Tobias K. D. Weber, Shehan Morandage, Diego Lange, Syed Saqlain Abbas, Andreas Behrendt, Joachim Ingwersen, Thilo Streck i Volker Wulfmeyer. "The land–atmosphere feedback observatory: a new observational approach for characterizing land–atmosphere feedback". Geoscientific Instrumentation, Methods and Data Systems 12, nr 1 (25.01.2023): 25–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gi-12-25-2023.

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Abstract. Important topics in land–atmosphere (L–A) feedback research are water and energy balances and heterogeneities of fluxes at the land surface and in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). To target these questions, the Land–Atmosphere Feedback Observatory (LAFO) has been installed in southwestern Germany. The instrumentation allows comprehensive and high-resolution measurements from the bedrock to the lower free troposphere. Grouped into three components, atmosphere, soil and land surface, and vegetation, the LAFO observation strategy aims for simultaneous measurements in all three compartments. For this purpose the LAFO sensor synergy contains lidar systems to measure the atmospheric key variables of humidity, temperature and wind. At the land surface, eddy covariance stations are operated to record the energy distribution of radiation, sensible, latent and ground heat fluxes. Together with a water and temperature sensor network, the soil water content and temperature are monitored in the agricultural investigation area. As for vegetation, crop height, leaf area index and phenological growth stage values are registered. The observations in LAFO are organized into operational measurements and intensive observation periods (IOPs). Operational measurements aim for long time series datasets to investigate statistics, and we present as an example the correlation between mixing layer height and surface fluxes. The potential of IOPs is demonstrated with a 24 h case study using dynamic and thermodynamic profiles with lidar and a surface layer observation that uses the scanning differential absorption lidar to relate atmospheric humidity patterns to soil water structures. Both IOPs and long-term observations will provide new insight into exchange processes and their statistics for improving the representation of L–A feedbacks in climate and numerical weather prediction models. The lidar component in particular will support the investigation of coupling to the atmosphere.
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Dickinson, R. E. "Land-atmosphere interaction". Reviews of Geophysics 33, S2 (lipiec 1995): 917–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/95rg00284.

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Costa, Marcos Heil, Michael T. Coe i David R. Galbraith. "Land-Atmosphere Interactions". Advances in Meteorology 2016 (2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2362398.

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Laguë, Marysa M., Gordon B. Bonan i Abigail L. S. Swann. "Separating the Impact of Individual Land Surface Properties on the Terrestrial Surface Energy Budget in both the Coupled and Uncoupled Land–Atmosphere System". Journal of Climate 32, nr 18 (12.08.2019): 5725–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-18-0812.1.

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Abstract Changes in the land surface can drive large responses in the atmosphere on local, regional, and global scales. Surface properties control the partitioning of energy within the surface energy budget to fluxes of shortwave and longwave radiation, sensible and latent heat, and ground heat storage. Changes in surface energy fluxes can impact the atmosphere across scales through changes in temperature, cloud cover, and large-scale atmospheric circulation. We test the sensitivity of the atmosphere to global changes in three land surface properties: albedo, evaporative resistance, and surface roughness. We show the impact of changing these surface properties differs drastically between simulations run with an offline land model, compared to coupled land–atmosphere simulations that allow for atmospheric feedbacks associated with land–atmosphere coupling. Atmospheric feedbacks play a critical role in defining the temperature response to changes in albedo and evaporative resistance, particularly in the extratropics. More than 50% of the surface temperature response to changing albedo comes from atmospheric feedbacks in over 80% of land areas. In some regions, cloud feedbacks in response to increased evaporative resistance result in nearly 1 K of additional surface warming. In contrast, the magnitude of surface temperature responses to changes in vegetation height are comparable between offline and coupled simulations. We improve our fundamental understanding of how and why changes in vegetation cover drive responses in the atmosphere, and develop understanding of the role of individual land surface properties in controlling climate across spatial scales—critical to understanding the effects of land-use change on Earth’s climate.
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Zhou, Sha, A. Park Williams, Alexis M. Berg, Benjamin I. Cook, Yao Zhang, Stefan Hagemann, Ruth Lorenz, Sonia I. Seneviratne i Pierre Gentine. "Land–atmosphere feedbacks exacerbate concurrent soil drought and atmospheric aridity". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, nr 38 (3.09.2019): 18848–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1904955116.

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Compound extremes such as cooccurring soil drought (low soil moisture) and atmospheric aridity (high vapor pressure deficit) can be disastrous for natural and societal systems. Soil drought and atmospheric aridity are 2 main physiological stressors driving widespread vegetation mortality and reduced terrestrial carbon uptake. Here, we empirically demonstrate that strong negative coupling between soil moisture and vapor pressure deficit occurs globally, indicating high probability of cooccurring soil drought and atmospheric aridity. Using the Global Land Atmosphere Coupling Experiment (GLACE)-CMIP5 experiment, we further show that concurrent soil drought and atmospheric aridity are greatly exacerbated by land–atmosphere feedbacks. The feedback of soil drought on the atmosphere is largely responsible for enabling atmospheric aridity extremes. In addition, the soil moisture–precipitation feedback acts to amplify precipitation and soil moisture deficits in most regions. CMIP5 models further show that the frequency of concurrent soil drought and atmospheric aridity enhanced by land–atmosphere feedbacks is projected to increase in the 21st century. Importantly, land–atmosphere feedbacks will greatly increase the intensity of both soil drought and atmospheric aridity beyond that expected from changes in mean climate alone.
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Wei, Jiangfeng, Paul A. Dirmeyer i Zhichang Guo. "How Much Do Different Land Models Matter for Climate Simulation? Part II: A Decomposed View of the Land–Atmosphere Coupling Strength". Journal of Climate 23, nr 11 (1.06.2010): 3135–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010jcli3178.1.

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Abstract The Global Land–Atmosphere Coupling Experiment (GLACE) built a framework to estimate the strength of the land–atmosphere interaction across many weather and climate models. Within this framework, GLACE-type experiments are performed with a single atmospheric model coupled to three different land models. The precipitation time series is decomposed into three frequency bands to investigate the large-scale connection between external forcing, precipitation variability and predictability, and land–atmosphere coupling strength. It is found that coupling to different land models or prescribing subsurface soil moisture does not change the global pattern of precipitation predictability and variability too much. However, the regional impact of soil moisture can be highlighted by calculating the land–atmosphere coupling strength, which shows very different patterns for the three models. The estimated precipitation predictability and land–atmosphere coupling strength is mainly associated with the low-frequency component of precipitation (periods beyond 3 weeks). Based on these findings, the land–atmosphere coupling strength is conceptually decomposed into the impact of low-frequency external forcing and the impact of soil moisture. Because most models participating in GLACE have overestimated the low-frequency component of precipitation, a calibration to the GLACE-estimated land–atmosphere coupling strength is performed. The calibrated coupling strength is generally weaker, but the global pattern does not change much. This study provides an important clarification of land–atmosphere coupling strength and increases the understanding of the land–atmosphere interaction.
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Prinn, Ronald G. "Atmosphere, oceans, and land". Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 71, nr 50 (1990): 1855. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/90eo00369.

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Nicholson, Sharon E. "Land surface atmosphere interaction". Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 12, nr 1 (marzec 1988): 36–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030913338801200102.

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Fowell, Martin. "Water?land?atmosphere interactions". Weather 59, nr 10 (1.10.2004): 286–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1256/wea.122.04.

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Santanello, Joseph A., Mark A. Friedl i Michael B. Ek. "Convective Planetary Boundary Layer Interactions with the Land Surface at Diurnal Time Scales: Diagnostics and Feedbacks". Journal of Hydrometeorology 8, nr 5 (1.10.2007): 1082–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm614.1.

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Abstract The convective planetary boundary layer (PBL) integrates surface fluxes and conditions over regional and diurnal scales. As a result, the structure and evolution of the PBL contains information directly related to land surface states. To examine the nature and magnitude of land–atmosphere coupling and the interactions and feedbacks controlling PBL development, the authors used a large sample of radiosonde observations collected at the southern Atmospheric Research Measurement Program–Great Plains Cloud and Radiation Testbed (ARM-CART) site in association with simulations of mixed-layer growth from a single-column PBL/land surface model. The model accurately predicts PBL evolution and realistically simulates thermodynamics associated with two key controls on PBL growth: atmospheric stability and soil moisture. The information content of these variables and their influence on PBL height and screen-level temperature can be characterized using statistical methods to describe PBL–land surface coupling over a wide range of conditions. Results also show that the first-order effects of land–atmosphere coupling are manifested in the control of soil moisture and stability on atmospheric demand for evapotranspiration and on the surface energy balance. Two principal land–atmosphere feedback regimes observed during soil moisture drydown periods are identified that complicate direct relationships between PBL and land surface properties, and, as a result, limit the accuracy of uncoupled land surface and traditional PBL growth models. In particular, treatments for entrainment and the role of the residual mixed layer are critical to quantifying diurnal land–atmosphere interactions.
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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Land Atmosphere"

1

Martello, Robert 1968. "Land atmosphere interaction and atmospheric mixed layer height evolution". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/38774.

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Franks, Stewart William. "The representation of land surface - atmosphere fluxes for atmospheric modelling". Thesis, Lancaster University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.387430.

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Wei, Jiangfeng. "Land-atmosphere interaction and climate variability". Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007, 2007. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-05162007-151312/.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008.
Stieglitz, Marc, Committee Member ; Guillas, Serge, Committee Member ; Fu, Rong, Committee Member ; Curry, Judith, Committee Member ; Dickinson, Robert, Committee Chair.
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Cronin, Timothy (Timothy Wallace). "Land-atmosphere interaction and radiative-convective equilibrium". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/90605.

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Thesis: Ph. D. in Climate Physics and Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, 2014.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 161-171).
I present work on several topics related to land-atmosphere interaction and radiative-convective equilibrium: the first two research chapters invoke ideas related to land-atmosphere interaction to better understand radiative-convective equilibrium; the last two research chapters use the framework of radiative-convective equilibrium to better understand land-atmosphere interaction. First, I calculate how averaging the incident solar radiation can lead to biases in idealized climate models. I derive an expression for the absorption-weighted solar zenith angle, which minimizes the bias in mean absorbed shortwave radiation, and I find that it is closely matched by the insolation-weighted zenith angle. Common use of daytime-weighted zenith angle likely leads to high biases in albedo by ~3%. Second, I explore the time scales of approach to radiative-convective equilibrium with both a simple linearized two-variable model, and a single-column model with full physics. I show that there is a long time scale of approach to radiative-convective equilibrium that is order hundreds of days even when the surface heat capacity vanishes. The impact of water vapor on the effective atmospheric heat capacity can more than double this time scale for warm temperatures and low surface heat capacities. Third, I develop an analytic theory for the sensitivity of near-surface temperature to properties of the land surface. I show that the theory compares well against a simple numerical model of the coupled boundary layer-surface system, as well as a more complex two-column model, and discuss application of the theory to questions of how changes in land use or ecosystem function may affect climate change. Finally, I find that the diurnal cycle of convection is important for the spatial distribution of rainfall in idealized simulations of radiative-convective equilibrium with a cloud-resolving model. In a region that is partly an island and mostly ocean, precipitation over the island falls primarily in a regular, strong, afternoon thunderstorm, with a time-mean rainfall rate more than double the domain average. I explore mechanisms for this island rainfall enhancement, investigate the importance of island size for my results, and find that the upper troposphere warms with the inclusion of an island, which may have implications for the large-scale tropical circulation.
by Timothy Cronin.
Ph. D. in Climate Physics and Chemistry
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Kala, Jatin. "Land-atmosphere interactions in Southwest Western Australia". Thesis, Kala, Jatin ORCID: 0000-0001-9338-2965 (2011) Land-atmosphere interactions in Southwest Western Australia. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2011. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/10624/.

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The Southwest of Western Australia (SWWA) is a region of extensive land cover change with an estimated 13 million hectares of native vegetation cleared since European settlement. Whilst previous studies have suggested meteorological and climatological implications of this change in land use, no studies have explicitly focussed on the detailed mechanisms behind the impacts of land-cover change on individual meteorological phenomena. This thesis seeks to identify the physical mechanisms inducing changes within the atmosphere by using the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS V6.0) to simulate the impact of land use change on meteorological phenomena at different scales and evaluate these model results against high resolution atmospheric soundings, station observations, and gridded rainfall analyses where appropriate. Sensitivity tests show that land-cover change results in an increase in low-level atmospheric moisture advection associated with the southern sea-breeze due to a reduction in surface roughness. It also results in a decrease in convective precipitation associated with cold-fronts and convective clouds associated with the surface heat trough, due to an increase in wind speed, and a decrease in turbulent kinetic energy and vertically integrated moisture convergence within the PBL. Large-eddy simulations further highlight the role of land-cover change and soil moisture, as well as the contributions of surface versus entrainment fluxes on the growth of the PBL and development of convective clouds. These results are discussed within the broader context of the meteorology of the region.
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Mohr, Karen Irene. "An investigation of land/atmosphere interactions : soil moisture, heat fluxes, and atmospheric convection /". Digital version:, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p9992875.

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White, Cary Blake, i Cary Blake White. "Soil Moisture Variability in Land Surface-Atmosphere Interactions". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626791.

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Meteorological measurements in the Walnut Gulch catchment in Arizona were used to synthesize a distributed, hourly-average time series of data across a 26.9 by 12.5 km area with a grid resolution of 480 m for a continuous 18-month period which included two seasons of monsoonal rainfall. Coupled surface-atmosphere model runs established the acceptability (for modeling purposes) of assuming uniformity in all meteorological variables other than rainfall. Rainfall was interpolated onto the grid from an array of 82 recording rain gauges. These meteorological data were used as forcing variables for an equivalent array of stand-alone Biosphere-Atmosphere Transfer Scheme (BATS) models to describe the evolution of soil moisture and surface energy fluxes in response to the prevalent, heterogeneous pattern of convective precipitation. The calculated area-average behavior was compared with that given by a single aggregate BATS simulation forced with area-average meteorological data. Heterogeneous rainfall gives rise to significant but partly compensating differences in the transpiration and the intercepted rainfall components of total evaporation during rain storms. However, the calculated area-average surface energy fluxes given by the two simulations in rain-free conditions with strong heterogeneity in soil moisture were always close to identical, a result which is independent of whether default or site-specific vegetation and soil parameters are used. Because the spatial variability in soil moisture throughout the catchment has the same order of magnitude as the amount of rain falling in a typical convective storm (commonly 10% of the vegetation's root zone saturation), in a semi-arid environment, any non-linearity in the relationship between transpiration and the soil moisture available to the vegetation has limited influence on area-average surface fluxes.
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Gentine, Pierre. "Spectral behavior of the coupled land-atmosphere system". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/61243.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, February 2010.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
The main objective of this thesis is to understand the daily cycle of the energy coupling between the land and the atmosphere in response to a forcing of incoming radiation at their common boundary, the land surface. This is of fundamental importance as that the initial/ boundary conditions of the land-surface state variables (e.g. soil moisture, soil temperature) exert strong control at various temporal scales on hydrologic, climatic and weather related processes. Hence diagnosing these state variables is crucial for extreme hydrological forecasting (flood/ drought), agronomic crop management as well as weather and climatic forecasts. Consequently in this thesis, the daily behavior of a simple land-atmosphere model is examined. A conceptual and linearized land-atmosphere model is first introduced and its response to a daily input of incoming radiation at the land surface is investigated. The solution of the different state and fluxes in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer (ABL) and in the soil are expressed as temporal Fourier series with vertically dependent coefficients. These coefficients highlight the impact of both the surface parameters and the frequency of the radiation on the heat propagation in the ABL and in the soil. The simplified model is shown to compare well with field measurements thus accounting for the main emergent behaviors of the system. The first chapter of the thesis describes the theoretical background of the equations governing the evolution of temperature and humidity in the ABL and in the soil. In the second chapter, the pioneering work of Lettau (1951), which inspired our approach is summarized. In his work Lettau studied the response of a simplified linearized land-atmosphere model to a sinusoidal net radiation forcing at the land surface. The third chapter of the thesis describes the SUDMED project, which took place in Morocco in 2003. During this project a wheat field was fully instrumented with continuous measurements of soil moisture, radiative fluxes, turbulent heat fluxes and soil heat flux. This site will be taken as a reference for model comparison. The fourth chapter of the thesis presents the three studies with distinctive goals. In these studies our linearized land-atmosphere model is first introduced. Then the propagation of the land-surface diurnal heating is presented and the model is compared to observations from the SUDMED project. Finally the repercussion of a land-surface energy budget error noise is investigated. Finally in the last chapter of the thesis we discuss possible evolution and improvements of the analytical coupled model presented in this thesis. In particular, it is emphasized that the non-linearity of the the boundary-layer height is of great importance for the predictability of the ABL state.
by Pierre Gentine.
Ph.D.
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Ghent, Darren John. "Land surface modelling and Earth observation of land/atmosphere interactions in African savannahs". Thesis, University of Leicester, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/10274.

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Land/atmosphere feedback processes play a significant role in determining climate forcing on monthly to decadal timescales. Considerable uncertainty however exists in land surface model representation of these processes. This investigation represents an innovative approach to understanding key land surface processes in African savannahs in the framework of the UK‘s most important land surface model – the Joint UK Land Environment Simulator (JULES). Findings from an investigation into the carbon balance of Africa for a 25-year period from 1982 to 2006 inclusive show that JULES estimated Africa to behave as a carbon sink for most of the 1980‘s and 1990‘s punctuated by three periods as a carbon source, which coincided with the three strongest El Niño events of the period. From 2002 until 2006 the continent was also estimated to be a source of carbon. Overall, the JULES simulation suggests a weakening of the African terrestrial carbon sink during this period primarily caused by hot and dry conditions in savannahs. Applying the model further, land surface temperature (LST) displayed large uncertainty with respect to savannah field measurements from Kruger National Park, South Africa, and JULES systematically underestimated LST with respect to Earth Observation data continent-wide. The postulation was that a reduction in the uncertainty of surface-to-atmosphere heat and water fluxes could be achieved by constraining JULES simulations with satellite-derived LST using an Ensemble Kalman Filter. Findings show statistically significant reductions in root mean square errors with data assimilation than without; for heat flux simulations when compared with Eddy Covariance measurements, and surface soil moisture when compared with derivations from microwave scatterometers. The improved representation of LST was applied to map daily fuel moisture content – one of the most important wildfire determinants - over the mixed tree/grass landscapes of Africa, whereby values were strongly correlated with field measurements acquired from three savannah locations.
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Liu, Yuqiong. "Parameter Estimations For Locally Coupled Land Surface-Atmosphere Models". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/191262.

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As land-surface modeling moves from the off-line mode to the coupled mode, it is also highly desirable to extend the off-line calibration of land-surface models to coupled applications. Using the NCAR SCCM as an example, this study proposed and implemented some effective schemes for the application of automatic parameter estimation procedures in a locally coupled environment, where other relevant issues such as parameterization tests, sensitivity analyses, and off-line calibrations were also involved. A parameterization deficiency having serious negative impacts on the performance of the NCAR SCCM was identified and rectified in this work, which led to significantly improved model performances and formed the basis for the subsequent sensitivity analysis and calibration experiments. To facilitate the calibration studies, an independent sensitivity analysis was conducted to identify some sensitive model parameters, followed by a multi-objective sensitivity analysis using the MOGSA algorithm to obtain better understanding of the model. Some off-line calibrations using the NCAR LSM were also conducted for comparison purposes. In the locally coupled environment, both land-surface and atmospheric variables/parameters were involved in the calibration processes of 14 different predesigned calibration cases. In brief, the results show that atmospheric parameters are of critical importance for the calibration of a coupled land surface-atmosphere model, and atmospheric forcing variables generally contain more useful information for calibration than land-surface fluxes/variables. In the coupled environment, step-wise calibration schemes, with land-surface and atmospheric parameters optimized successively in the off-line and coupled modes, respectively, appear to be superior to the single-step calibration schemes which optimize land-surface and atmospheric parameters simultaneously in the coupled environment, in that the former can provide better converged optimal solutions with less uncertainties. In addition, the results also show that better optimization effects can be achieved in the partially decoupled environment by replacing the model-generated precipitation and net radiation with the corresponding observations to drive the land-surface part of the model, indicating the dominant importance of precipitation and radiation in a coupled land surface-atmosphere model.
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Książki na temat "Land Atmosphere"

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Mencuccini, M., J. Grace, J. Moncrieff i K. G. McNaughton, red. Forests at the land-atmosphere interface. Wallingford: CABI, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9780851996776.0000.

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M, Mencuccini, red. Forests at the land-atmosphere interface. Oxon, UK: CABI Publishing, 2004.

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Wood, Eric F., red. Land Surface — Atmosphere Interactions for Climate Modeling. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2155-9.

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Zhou, Tianjun, Yongqiang Yu, Yimin Liu i Bin Wang, red. Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System Model. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41801-3.

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Land & light workshop: Painting mood & atmosphere in oils. Cincinnati, OH: North Light Books, 2005.

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Enting, I. G. Future emissions and concentrations of carbon dioxide: Key ocean/atmosphere/land analyses. Australia: CSIRO, 1994.

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F, Wood Eric, red. Land surface, atmosphere interactions for climate modeling: Observations, models, and analysis. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1990.

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L, Kinter J., i United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., red. Integration of space and in-situ observations to study atmosphere, ocean, and land processes, 1 September 1987 - 31 August 1992. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1992.

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L, Kinter James, i United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., red. Integration of space and in-situ observations to study atmosphere, ocean, and land processes, 1 September 1987 - 31 August 1992. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1992.

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Nagy, Laszlo, Bruce R. Forsberg i Paulo Artaxo, red. Interactions Between Biosphere, Atmosphere and Human Land Use in the Amazon Basin. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49902-3.

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Części książek na temat "Land Atmosphere"

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Pielke, R. A., T. N. Chase, J. Eastman, L. Lu, G. E. Liston, M. B. Coughenour, D. Ojima, W. J. Parton i T. G. F. Kittel. "Land-Atmosphere Interactions". W Advances in Global Change Research, 119–26. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-306-48051-4_13.

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Yasunari, Tetsuzo. "Land-atmosphere interaction". W The Asian Monsoon, 459–78. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-37722-0_11.

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Fisher, Joshua B. "Land-Atmosphere Interactions, Evapotranspiration". W Encyclopedia of Remote Sensing, 325–28. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-36699-9_82.

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Xie, Zhenghui, Xiangjun Tian, Peihua Qin, Binghao Jia, Yan Yu, Jing Zou, Aiwen Wang, Jianguo Liu i Qin Sun. "Land Surface Improvements". W Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System Model, 383–91. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41801-3_45.

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Famiglietti, J. S., i E. F. Wood. "Evapotranspiration and Runoff from Large Land Areas: Land Surface Hydrology for Atmospheric General Circulation Models". W Land Surface — Atmosphere Interactions for Climate Modeling, 179–204. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2155-9_9.

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Guo, Zhun, i Tianjun Zhou. "Ocean–Atmosphere Flux Calculation in Version 2 of the Spectral Flexible Global Ocean–Atmosphere–Land System Model". W Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System Model, 405–12. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41801-3_47.

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Royer, J. F. "Land Surface Processes and Hydrology". W Numerical Modeling of the Global Atmosphere in the Climate System, 321–51. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4046-1_13.

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O’Kane, J. Philip. "Implications for Remote Sensing of Natural Switching from Atmosphere-Controlled to Soil-Controlled Evaporation or Infiltration". W Land Surface Evaporation, 371–81. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3032-8_23.

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Yu, Haiyang, i Qing Bao. "Spectral Atmospheric General Circulation Model Version 2". W Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System Model, 3–8. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41801-3_1.

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Lin, Pengfei, i Hailong Liu. "Long-Term Trends of Two Versions of FGOALS2". W Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System Model, 67–81. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41801-3_10.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Land Atmosphere"

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Kuderina, Tatyana, Svetlana Suslova, Arseny Kudikov i Vsevolod Lunin. "ATMOGEOCHEMICAL INDICATORS - INDICATORS OF FOREST - STEPPE LANDSCAPES DEGRADATION". W Land Degradation and Desertification: Problems of Sustainable Land Management and Adaptation. LLC MAKS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m1689.978-5-317-06490-7/116-120.

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Anthropogenic development of forest-steppe landscapes has a long-term character. For the landscape-geochemical systems of the forest-steppe, under the conditions of the prevalence of vertically directed geochemical flows, the main limiting factor of functioning is the presence of a sufficient amount of atmospheric precipitation. Geochemical monitoring is carried out on the territory of the Kursk Biosphere Station, one of the purpose of which is to study the atmogeochemical component of forest-steppe landscapes. It is shown that atmogeochemical indicators - dustiness of the atmosphere, pollution of atmospheric precipitation, snow cover - can act as indicators of geochemical degradation of landscapes. For the assessment of atmospheric pollution of the natural landscape and definition of air routes of migration of the elements of a permanent atmogeochemical monitoring is required.
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Turner, S. M., i G. M. Homes. "Monitoring Sea Level: Who's Monitoring the Land?" W Ocean and Atmosphere Pacific: OAP 95. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812811936_0004.

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Vermote, Eric, Yoram J. Kaufman, Brent Holben, Didier Tanré i Virginia Kalb. "Aerosol Retrieval over Land from AVHRR data". W Optical Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/orsa.1991.omd3.

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A family of methods for aerosol retrievals are based on the monitoring of the radiance from a dark target of known reflectance (ocean) which is inverted in an appropriate aerosol model to obtain the correct aerosol optical thickness for that surface reflectance. This approach, begun over oceans using Landsat MSS [1], developed into a routine NOAA product using weekly AVHRR data sets [2]. This ocean method discussed above dense, dark green vegetation (covering 30% of land surface) replaced the ocean as the dark target and showed good results for forests near Chesapeake Bay using Landsat MSS [3]. In this paper we shall discuss the method (section 2) and validation (section 3) of this technique to the AVHRR incorporating the 3.75 μm channel not available on the Landsat platform. Several applications and comparison with ground measurements are given though a sensitivity study of the expected accuracies for the AVHRR.
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Blaunstein, Nathan. "Prediction of operative parameters of land-to-land and land-to-atmosphere wireless communication links". W 2017 International Conference on Information and Telecommunication Technologies and Radio Electronics (UkrMiCo). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ukrmico.2017.8095363.

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Dabin Ji, Jiancheng Shi, Tianxing Wang, Chuan Xiong i Qian Cui. "Atmosphere effect analysis and atmosphere correction of AMSR-E brightness temperature over land". W IGARSS 2014 - 2014 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2014.6947390.

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Menzel, W. "Remote sensing of land, ocean, atmosphere with MODIS". W Optical Remote Sensing. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ors.2001.oma2.

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Galve, J. M., C. Coll, V. Caselles, R. Niclos, E. Valor, J. M. Sanchez i M. Mira. "A Cloudless land atmosphere radiosounding database for generating land surface temperature retrieval algorithms". W 2007 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2007.4423196.

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Korb, C. L., G. K. Schwemmer, M. Dombrowski, C. R. Prasad, H. Walden, H. S. Lee, C. Y. Weng i L. Roytblat. "Airborne Lidar Measurements of the Two-Dimensional Atmospheric Pressure Profile". W Optical Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/orsa.1990.tud19.

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This paper describes the first high accuracy remote measurements of the two-dimensional atmospheric pressure field. Pressure is a fundamental atmospheric state variable that is required for virtually all atmospheric applications. The vertical and horizontal structure of the static pressure field characterizes the spatial distribution of mass in the atmosphere. Horizontal gradients of pressure represent the primary physical force leading to all scales of atmospheric circulations in the horizontal dimension which includes the large-scale general circulation as well as mesoscale phenomena such as sea/land breezes.
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Wang, Ping, Jixian Zhang, Zongjian Lin i Yongguo Zheng. "Methods of change extraction in land use/land cover". W Third International Asia-Pacific Environmental Remote Sensing Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere, Ocean, Environment, and Space, redaktorzy Stephen G. Ungar, Shiyi Mao i Yoshifumi Yasuoka. SPIE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.472687.

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Zhang, Lu, Mingsheng Liao i Hui Sheng. "Land use/land cover change detection based on canonical transformation". W Third International Asia-Pacific Environmental Remote Sensing Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere, Ocean, Environment, and Space, redaktorzy Stephen G. Ungar, Shiyi Mao i Yoshifumi Yasuoka. SPIE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.467876.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Land Atmosphere"

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Gutowski, W. J. Jr. Modeling land-surface/atmosphere dynamics for CHAMMP. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), styczeń 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6711123.

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Denning, Scott. MULTISCALE LAND-ATMOSPHERE INTERACTION IN TROPICAL ECOSYSTEMS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), luty 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1766314.

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Gentine, Pierre. Cross-Scale Land-Atmosphere Experiment Field Campaign Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), luty 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1765691.

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Jakubiak, Bogumil, Teddy Holt, Richard Hodur, Maciej Szpindler i Leszek Herman-Izycki. Implementation of Modeling the Land-Surface/Atmosphere Interactions to Mesoscale Model COAMPS. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, wrzesień 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada541836.

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Jakubiak, Bogumil, Richard Hodur i Leszek Herman-Izycki. Implementation of Modeling the Land-Surface/Atmosphere Interactions to Mesoscale Model COAMPS. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, wrzesień 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada574482.

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Houghton, R. A. Carbon Flux to the Atmosphere from Land-Use Changes: 1850 to 1990. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), luty 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/775411.

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Jakubiak, Bogumil, Teddy Holt, Richard Hodur, Maciej Szpindler i Leszek Herman-Izycki. Implementation of Modeling the Land-Surface/Atmosphere Interactions to Mesoscale Model COAMPS. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, wrzesień 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada557104.

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Denning, Scott. Multi-Scale Land-Atmosphere Interactions: Modeling Convective Processes from Plants to Planet. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), luty 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1766315.

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James B. Kinter III i E.K. Schneider. Variability and predictability of the coupled ocean-atmosphere-land climate system. Final technical report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), lipiec 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/764179.

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Gutowski, W. J. Jr. Modeling land-surface/atmosphere dynamics for CHAMMP. Progress report, August 1, 1992--31 July 1993. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), styczeń 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10128173.

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