Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Lakes and reservoirs”
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Zong, Jia-Min, Xin-Xin Wang, Qiao-Yan Zhong, Xiang-Ming Xiao, Jun Ma i Bin Zhao. "Increasing Outbreak of Cyanobacterial Blooms in Large Lakes and Reservoirs under Pressures from Climate Change and Anthropogenic Interferences in the Middle–Lower Yangtze River Basin". Remote Sensing 11, nr 15 (25.07.2019): 1754. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11151754.
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In recent decades, the increasing frequency and severity of cyanobacterial blooms in recreational lakes and water supply reservoirs have become a great concern to public health and a significant threat to the environment. Cyanobacterial bloom monitoring is the basis of early warning and treatment. Previous research efforts have always focused on monitoring blooms in a few specific lakes in China using moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) images, which are available for the years 2000 onward. However, the lack of overall information on long-term cyanobacterial blooms in the lakes and reservoirs in the middle–lower Yangtze River (MLYR) basin is an obstacle to better understanding the dynamics of cyanobacterial blooms at a watershed scale. In this study, we extracted the yearly coverage area and frequency of cyanobacterial blooms that occurred from 1990 to 2016 in 30 large lakes and 10 reservoirs (inundation area >50 km2) by using time series Landsat satellite images from Google Earth Engine (GEE). Then, we calculated the cyanobacterial bloom area percentage (CAP) and the cyanobacterial bloom frequency index (CFI) and analyzed their inter-annual variation and trends. We also investigated the main driving forces of changes in the CAP and CFI in each lake and reservoir. We found that all reservoirs and more than 60% of lakes exhibited an increasing frequency and coverage area of cyanobacterial blooms under the pressures of climate change and anthropogenic interferences. Reservoirs were more prone to be affected by fertilizer consumption from their regional surroundings than lakes. High temperatures increased blooms of cyanobacteria, while precipitation in the lake and reservoir regions somewhat alleviated blooms. This study completes the data records of cyanobacterial blooms in large lakes and reservoirs located in hotspots of the MLYR basin and provides more baseline information before 2000, which will present references for water resource management and freshwater conservation.
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Kubiak, Jacek, Sylwia Machula, Katarzyna Stepanowska i Marcin Biernaczyk. "Evaluation of trophic level of the largest dimictic lakes of western Pomerania based on the Carlson criteria". Limnological Review 12, nr 2 (1.12.2012): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10194-011-0047-8.
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Abstract: Between the years 1970-2010, using the Carlson model criteria, the rate of eutrophication and trophic level of the largest dimictic lakes of Western Pomerania were studied. It was found that during the testing period, Lake Ińsko Duże was a mesotrophic reservoir, and Lakes Wądół, Będzin and Ińsko Małe were characterized by a highly advanced eutrophy. Lakes Woświn, Morzycko, Krzemień, Chłop Duży and Jelenin had borderline characteristics between being mesotrophic and eutrophic, while Lakes Narost, Chłop Mały and Wisala were typically eutrophic reservoirs. During the study, changes in the trophic level of Lakes Ińsko Duże and Morzycko and Woświn were noted. The first of the reservoirs listed had the best water quality in the second half of the 1990s, during which time the other two lakes had the worst water quality, taking into account the whole study period. Such changes were not observed in the other reservoirs examined.
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Chen, Jingan, Jingfu Wang, Jianyang Guo, Jia Yu, Yan Zeng, Haiquan Yang i Runyu Zhang. "Eco-environment of reservoirs in China". Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 42, nr 2 (23.01.2018): 185–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309133317751844.
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China is home to 97,246 reservoirs, most of which are sub-deep water reservoirs characterized by seasonal stratification and multiple interfaces in the water body. The prominent eco-environmental problems, such as eutrophication and accidental deterioration in water quality, restrict reservoir construction. Compared to natural lakes, reservoirs have specific geologic backgrounds and eco-environmental characteristics, which manifest in the following aspects: (a) the origin of the water environment and ecological system of the reservoir is different from natural lakes; (b) sediment is rich in organic matter and nutrients; (c) water eutrophication and heavy metal pollution are tightly interlocked; (d) multi-interface and seasonal stratification control the key physicochemical and biological processes; (e) the cumulative effect of the material cycle has an important influence on the water environment and ecological security; (f) artificial regulation of water level leads to the ecological degradation of the hydro-fluctuation belt; and (g) the slow response of the aquatic ecosystem to the reduction of external load. Research on the eco-environment of sub-deep water reservoirs trails that of natural lakes in China. After describing the eco-environmental characteristics of reservoirs in China, we address potential challenges and propose future research directions to develop a full understanding of the complex biogeochemical processes prevalent in reservoirs.
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Bacal, Petru, Ana Jeleapov i Daniela Burduja. "STATE AND USE OF LAKES FROM CENTRAL REGION OF THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA". Present Environment and Sustainable Development 13, nr 2 (15.10.2019): 141–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15551/pesd2019132010.
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The article is dedicated to assessment of the state and use of lakes and reservoirs situated in the Central Region of the Republic of Moldova. The results showed that 1155 reservoirs and ponds with a total area of 11.4 ths. ha are situated in the limits of 14 districts. Over half of them are constructed on the streams. At the district level, the biggest number of lakes is located in Călărași (204), Orhei (139) and Ungheni (136), but the largest surface is attested in Ialoveni (1844 ha), Ungheni (1584 ha), Teleneşti (1358 ha). The reservoir basin status is satisfactory only in case of 1/3 (381) of reservoirs, 40% being silted. Hydro-technical infrastructure is satisfactory at ≈2/3 of reservoirs. The reservoirs are used for fishery (34%), general use (31%), irrigation (13%), mixed use (7%). Only 47 lakes or 12% are used mainly for recreational purposes.
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O′Melia, Charles R. "Coagulation and sedimentation in lakes, reservoirs and water treatment plants". Water Science and Technology 37, nr 2 (1.01.1998): 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0122.
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Coagulation and sedimentation occur naturally in all lakes and reservoirs and, by design, in water treatment plants using surface supplies. Important factors that affect water quality in lakes and reservoirs include nutrient loading, areal hydraulic loading, and detention time together with the concentrations of land-derived (pedogenic) natural organic matter and hardness in waters entering the lake or reservoir. These, in turn, have important effects on the design and operation of potable water treatment systems. It is difficult and expensive to use the good physics to compensate for poor chemistry in water treatment plant design. There are many interesting and useful similarities among the physical and chemical characteristics of lakes, reservoirs, and water treatment plants.
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Xu, Nan, Huiying Zheng, Yue Ma, Jian Yang, Xinyuan Liu i Xiaohua Wang. "Global Estimation and Assessment of Monthly Lake/Reservoir Water Level Changes Using ICESat-2 ATL13 Products". Remote Sensing 13, nr 14 (13.07.2021): 2744. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13142744.
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Accurate and detailed information on lake/reservoir water levels and temporal changes around the globe is urgently required for water resource management and related studies. The traditional satellite radar altimeters normally monitor water level changes of large lakes and reservoirs (i.e., greater than 1 km2) around the world. Fortunately, the recent Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2) makes it possible to monitor water level changes for some small lakes and reservoirs (i.e., less than 1 km2). ICESat-2 ATL13 products provide observations of inland water surface heights, which are suitable for water level estimation at a global scale. In this study, ICESat-2 ATL13 products were used to conduct a global estimation and assessment of lake/reservoir water level changes. We produced monthly water levels for 13,843 lakes and reservoirs with areas greater than 0.1 km2 and all-season ATL13 products across the globe, in which 2257 targets are smaller than 1 km2. In total, the average valid number of months covered by ICESat-2 is 5.41 months and only 204 of 13,843 lakes and reservoirs have water levels in all the months in 2019. In situ water level data from 21 gauge stations across the United States and 12 gauge stations across Australia were collected to assess the monthly lake/reservoir water levels, which exhibited a high accuracy (RMSE = 0.08 m, r = 0.999). According to comparisons between the monthly water levels and changes from ATL08 products in another study and ATL13 products in this study, we found that both products can accurately estimate the monthly water level of lakes and reservoirs, but water levels derived from ATL13 products exhibited a higher accuracy compared with water levels derived from ATL08 products (RMSE = 0.28 m, r = 0.999). In general, the ATL13 product is more convenient because the HydroLAKES mask of inland water bodies, the orthometric height (with respect to the EGM2008 geoid) of water surfaces, and several data quality parameters specific to water surfaces were involved in the ATL13 product.
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Johnston, Thomas A., R. A. Bodaly i J. A. Mathias. "Predicting Fish Mercury Levels from Physical Characteristics of Boreal Reservoirs". Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 48, nr 8 (1.08.1991): 1468–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f91-174.
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Reservoir formation has often resulted in increased fish mercury levels. Predicting the potential for increase prior to impoundment would be useful in future environmental impact assessment.. We developed several linear models relating mercury burdens of northern pike (Esox lucius), walleye (Stizostedion vitreum), and lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) to physical characteristics of 21 lakes and reservoirs in the Churchill River diversion region of northern Manitoba. Ratios of flooded terrestrial area to water volume of the reservoir itself (within-lake effects) and of inflowing waters (upstream effects) were able to explain 76–84% of the variation in mean mercury burden. Upstream effects consistently accounted for more variation than within-lake effects. We tested these models using data from 18 Canadian lakes and reservoirs. Manitoba reservoirs generally fit the models well. The largest deviations of observed mercury levels from predicted mercury levels were for reservoirs of northern Quebec and Labrador We attribute this to differences in the relative contributions of within-lake effects and upstream effects between reservoirs of this region and those used to build the models. Future models should refine the relative contributions of these two components for individual reservoirs.
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Montgomery, Shelagh, Marc Lucotte, Pierre Pichet i Alfonso Mucci. "Total dissolved mercury in the water column of several natural and artificial aquatic systems of Northern Quebec (Canada)". Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 52, nr 11 (1.11.1995): 2483–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f95-839.
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Total dissolved mercury concentrations in the water column of the La Grande-2 and Laforge-1 hydroelectric reservoirs and four neighbouring lakes near James Bay, northern Quebec, were measured to establish the impacts of extensive flooding of terrestrial environments on this potential vector of contamination to the aquatic biota. During three field visits between June and October 1993, while the sites were free from ice cover and the water column was not strongly stratified, filtered water samples were collected from multiple depths at various locations within both reservoirs and the four lakes. To compare the diverse subenvironments within the reservoir systems, sampling sites were selected to represent differences in (i) type of flooded soil, (ii) impoundment history, and (iii) water depth. At all stations total dissolved mercury concentrations were nearly constant, with an average value of 2.30 ng∙L−1 and a standard error of 0.04 ng∙L−1. Furthermore, reservoir concentrations were not statistically different from those of the lakes. Hence, we propose that the dissolved component in the water column does not play a significant role in the transfer of inorganic mercury to the aquatic food chain in recently developed hydroelectric reservoirs.
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Barbosa, C., E. Novo, R. Ferreira, L. Carvalho, C. Cairo, F. Lopes, J. Stech i E. Alcantara. "Brazilian inland water bio-optical dataset to support carbon budget studies in reservoirs as well as anthropogenic impacts in Amazon floodplain lakes: Preliminary results". ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-7/W3 (30.04.2015): 1439–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-7-w3-1439-2015.
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This work presents ongoing efforts and preliminary results for building a dataset that represents the first and most comprehensive bio-optical information available on Brazilian inland waters to support the development of remote sensing algorithms for monitoring aquatic systems. From 2012 to 2014 optical and limnological data was gathered along thirteen field campaigns in five Brazilian reservoirs, in an irrigation and domestic water supply reservoir located in semi-arid northeast of the country and in Amazonian floodplain lakes, thus covering the diversity of Brazilian inland waters. At each site 20 stations, on average, were sampled to acquire profiles of the following optical variables: absorption, attenuation, scattering, and backscattering coefficients and radiances/irradiances spectra above and in-water. Alongside these measurements, water samples were collected for determining concentrations of chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), Total Suspended Solid (TSS), Total Dissolved Carbon (TDC) and its organic/inorganic fractions, CDOM absorption, phytoplankton specific absorption [aph*] and Non-Algal Particles absorption [aNAP*]. Preliminary results show that Chl-a concentrations ranged from 0.6 to 243μg/L in reservoirs and 0.90 to 92μg/L in Amazonian lakes, while TSS concentrations ranged from 0.3 to 31mg/L in reservoirs and 0.5 to 162mg/L in Amazonian lakes. In situ beam attenuation coefficients ranged from 1.4 to 16m-1 in reservoirs and 12.5 to 38m-1 in Amazonian lakes, while diffuse attenuation coefficients of downwelling irradiance over the Photosynthetically Active Radiation (Kd(PAR)) extended from 0.35 to 4.5m-1 in reservoirs and 1.69 to 13.30m-1 in Amazonian lakes. Our research group is building this dataset anticipating future demands for algorithm validation regarding OLI/Landsat8 data and ESA Sentinel missions to be launched as of 2015.
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Pan, Bao Yuan, Guo Ting Yang, Yun Ma i Yi Bin Ren. "Countermeasure and Research of Jingbo Lake Water Environment Rehabilitation". Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (maj 2012): 164–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.164.
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China is a country with a large lakes, with the development of social economy, the water pollution of lakes is more serious, lake’s eutrophication has become the major environmental problems of the China's lakes and reservoirs. This document explains through the investigation and evaluation environment to analyze the current situation and the pollution of Jingbo Lake, and puts forward countermeasures and pollution control environmental protection measures for management of Jingbo Lake, develop and provide technical reference of Jingbo Lake.
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Ma, Xing Guan, Jun Ping Sun, Zhe Pei, Yu Nan Gao, Jing Tang, Jin Xiang Fu, Yu Lan Tang i Rong Xin Zhang. "Establishment of the Lakes and Reservoirs’ Model". Advanced Materials Research 610-613 (grudzień 2012): 1962–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.610-613.1962.
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This article describes the simulation method of water temperature and the model classification of water quality in lakes and reservoirs, and classic model of ecosystem dynamics of lakes and reservoirs - BA model from the water quality parameters of the relationship between two aspects of the basic equations are introduced. On this basis, establish the eutrophication of ecological models of lakes and reservoirs.
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Kartamihardja, Endi Setiadi. "STOCK ENHANCEMENT IN INDONESIAN LAKE AND RESERVOIRS FISHERIES". Indonesian Fisheries Research Journal 18, nr 2 (31.12.2012): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/ifrj.18.2.2012.91-100.
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A total water surface area of lakes and reservoirs of Indonesia is 2.3 million hectares. To increase fish production in Indonesian lakes and reservoirs, fish stock enhancement were practiced. A review on fish stock enhancement in Indonesian lakes and reservoirs was conducted. Some species used in stock enhancement were reviewed, and the causes of program success or failure were analyzed in an attempt to determine the best approach for future stocking. Since 2000 the success of the project on<br />fish stock enhancement were supported by basic research on diet, ecological niche, life cycle and behavior of the species stocked. Recent successes in fish stock enhancement are mainly determined by species which can be reproduced naturally in the water bodies. Nile tilapia (<em>Oreochromis</em> <em>niloticus</em>), Siamese cat fish (<em>Pangasionodon hypophthalmus</em>) and small carp (bilih, <em>Mystacoleucus padangensis</em>), an endemic species are the species have best performances in the increasing fish production<br />significantly. Milk fish (<em>Chanos chanos</em>) stock enhancement can be used to mitigate the negative impact of cage culture in the reservoir. While grass carp (<em>Ctenopharyngodon idellus</em>) has been successful in controlling aquatic weed, Eichhornia crassipes in some lakes. Management of fish stock<br />enhancement including providing quality and quantity of seeds, regulating of fish catch, developin g of market system, institution and fisheries co-management have supported a steady yearly increase in yield. The governments should take the initiative in protection of genetic diversity, especially in stock enhancement of lakes inhabited by endemic and or threatened species, such as lakes in Sulawesi and Papua Island.
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Sharapova, Lyudmila Ivanovna. "SEASONAL BIODIVERSITY AND PRODUCTIVITY OF PLANCKTOFAUNA IN SMALL WATER BODIES OF NORTHERN KAZAKHSTAN". Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Fishing industry 2020, nr 4 (30.12.2020): 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/2073-5529-2020-4-81-92.
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The article presents the study results of zooplankton in six water bodies in Northern Kazakhstan in 2019. Small reservoirs (up to 1 m in depth) were characterized by shallow water and strong overgrowing. With sufficient development of the plankton biological fund (15-41 taxa), only one reservoir, the α-oligotrophic type, had a very low mass of zooplankton. The biodiversity of the communities varied significantly in different seasons. Two lakes, of the β-eutrophic and
α-polytrophic types, had high values in spring and summer (13.3 and 17.2 g/m3). The biomass was presented by valuable feed hydrobionts Daphnia pulex, species of the genus Ceriodaphnia. The zooplankton of the river Kamysakty and two other reservoirs reached moderate or average biomass levels in different seasons. The type of these reservoirs changed from α-mesotrophy to oligotrophy during the vegetation season. It is recommended to use the highly productive lakes for commercial catching the biomass of zooplankton. Measures on reducing overgrowth in terms of the reclamation of reservoirs will contribute to growing the mass of valuable biological resources and effective involvement of the reservoir into the economic turnover.
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Bowling, LC. "Heat contents, thermal stabilities and Birgean wind work in Dystrophic Tasmanian Lakes and Reservoirs". Marine and Freshwater Research 41, nr 3 (1990): 429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9900429.
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Values of whole-lake standard energy parameters (heat content, thermal stability and Birge's work of the wind) for ten dystrophic standing waters from western Tasmania were lower than expected for lakes of their depth and area. Although controlled principally by morphometric factors, the degree of shelter from wind and the extent of each lake's dystrophy also had considerable effects. These factors allowed only surface waters to contribute to the annual heat exchange cycle, thereby reducing the magnitude of each lake's heat budgets and influencing stability and wind work values. The lakes show considerable short- and long-term fluctuations in heat content, stability and wind work values in response to the capricious maritime meteorological conditions of the area. However, long periods between successive samplings may have caused some underestimation of the ranges of these three parameters. Despite this, the study reveals that these standard energy parameters are effective in describing the annual energy input and resistance to wind-induced mixing of these dystrophic Tasmanian lakes.
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Ho, Long T., i Peter L. M. Goethals. "Opportunities and Challenges for the Sustainability of Lakes and Reservoirs in Relation to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)". Water 11, nr 7 (15.07.2019): 1462. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11071462.
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Emerging global threats, such as biological invasions, climate change, land use intensification, and water depletion, endanger the sustainable future of lakes and reservoirs. To deal with these threats, a multidimensional view on the protection and exploitation of lakes and reservoirs is needed. The holistic approach needs to contain not just the development of economy and society but also take into account the negative impacts of this growth on the environment, from that, the balance between the three dimensions can be sustained to reach a sustainable future. As such, this paper provides a comprehensive review on future opportunities and challenges for the sustainable development of lakes and reservoirs via a critical analysis on their contribution to individual and subsets of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Currently, lakes and reservoirs are key freshwater resources. They play crucial roles in human societies for drinking water provision, food production (via fisheries, aquaculture, and the irrigation of agricultural lands), recreation, energy provision (via hydropower dams), wastewater treatment, and flood and drought control. Because of the (mostly) recent intensive exploitations, many lakes and reservoirs are severely deteriorated. In recent years, physical (habitat) degradation has become very important while eutrophication remains the main issue for many lakes and ponds worldwide. Besides constant threats from anthropogenic activities, such as urbanization, industry, aquaculture, and watercourse alterations, climate change and emerging contaminants, such as microplastics and antimicrobial resistance, can generate a global problem for the sustainability of lakes and reservoirs. In relation to the SDGs, the actions for achieving the sustainability of lakes and reservoirs have positive links with the SDGs related to environmental dimensions (Goals 6, 13, 14, and 15) as they are mutually reinforcing each other. On the other hand, these actions have direct potential conflicts with the SDGs related to social and economic dimensions (Goals 1, 2, 3 and 8). From these interlinkages, we propose 22 indicators that can be used by decision makers for monitoring and assessing the sustainable development of lakes and reservoirs.
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Li, Leilei, Jintao Yang i Jin Wu. "A Method of Watershed Delineation for Flat Terrain Using Sentinel-2A Imagery and DEM: A Case Study of the Taihu Basin". ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 8, nr 12 (26.11.2019): 528. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8120528.
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Accurate watershed delineation is a precondition for runoff and water quality simulation. Traditional digital elevation model (DEM) may not generate realistic drainage networks due to large depressions and subtle elevation differences in local-scale plains. In this study, we propose a new method for solving the problem of watershed delineation, using the Taihu Basin as a case study. Rivers, lakes, and reservoirs were obtained from Sentinel-2A images with the Canny algorithm on Google Earth Engine (GEE), rather than from DEM, to compose the drainage network. Catchments were delineated by modifying the flow direction of rivers, lakes, reservoirs, and overland flow, instead of using DEM values. A watershed was divided into the following three types: Lake, reservoir, and overland catchment. A total of 2291 river segments, seven lakes, eight reservoirs, and 2306 subwatersheds were retained in this study. Compared with results from HydroSHEDS and Arc Hydro, the proposed method retains crisscross structures in the topology and prevented erroneous streamlines in large lakes. High-resolution Sentinel-2A images available on the GEE have relatively greater merits than DEMs for precisely representing drainage networks and catchments, especially in the plains area. Because of the higher accuracy, this method can be used as a new solution for watershed division in the plains area.
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Vieira, J. M. P., J. L. S. Pinho, N. Dias, D. Schwanenberg i H. F. P. van den Boogaard. "Parameter estimation for eutrophication models in reservoirs". Water Science and Technology 68, nr 2 (1.07.2013): 319–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.248.
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Excessive eutrophication is a major water quality issue in lakes and reservoirs worldwide. This complex biological process can lead to serious water quality problems. Although it can be adequately addressed by applying sophisticated mathematical models, the application of these tools in a reservoir management context requires significant amounts of data and large computation times. This work presents a simple primary production model and a calibration procedure that can efficiently be used in operational reservoir management frameworks. It considers four state variables: herbivorous zooplankton, algae (measured as chlorophyll-a pigment), phosphorous and nitrogen. The model was applied to a set of Portuguese reservoirs. We apply the model to 23 Portuguese reservoirs in two different calibration settings. This research work presents the results of the estimation of model parameters.
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Doulgeris, Charalampos, Panagiota Koukouli, Pantazis Georgiou, Paschalis Dalampakis i Dimitrios Karpouzos. "Assessment of Minimum Water Level in Lakes and Reservoirs Based on Their Morphological and Hydrological Features". Hydrology 7, nr 4 (6.11.2020): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrology7040083.
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The sustainable management of lakes and reservoirs requires the determination of their minimum environmental water level. Even though the assessment of minimum water level depends on a number of biotic and abiotic factors of the lake ecosystem, in many cases these factors are not entirely known and, furthermore, their evaluation is usually a challenging and laborious task. On the other hand, the lakes/reservoirs may comprise an important water resource to meet the requirements arising from economic activities. In this paper, the morphological and hydrological features of four lakes of northern Greece were analysed in order to assess their minimum environmental water level. The hydromorphological analysis was based on the relationship of the lake surface area and volume with water level as well as the water inflow from the lake’s hydrological catchment area, considering as the lake’s critical volume storage, the annual water volume flowing into a lake from its hydrological catchment area with a probability of exceedance 50% of a long time series of hydrological years. By combining morphological and hydrological features, the proposed methodology aimed to extend the analysis based solely on morphological features, and assess more comprehensively the minimum environmental water level in the four lakes, ensuring also the rising from the minimum level to the maximum (overflow) level for most of the hydrological years.
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Chandrababu Naik, B., Prof B. Anuradha i . "Change detection analysis of reservoirs and lakes in Multi-Temporal Landsat-7 (ETM+) data over the Indian sub-continent during 2008-2018". International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, nr 4.6 (25.09.2018): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.6.20447.
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Remote sensing change detection techniques are extensively used in numerous applications such as land cover monitoring, disaster monitoring, and urban sprawl. The main motive of this paper study the change detection analysis of Land Use / Land Cover (LULC) in different lakes and Reservoirs, such as Chilika Lake, Pulicat Lake, Vembanad Lake, Penna Reservoir, and Nagarjuna Sagar Reservoir located in the Indian subcontinent region. The analyses and changes are evaluated during period of 2008 - 2018 in multi-temporal Landsat-7 (ETM+) data. The major disadvantage in Landsat-7 for data acquired from satellite sensor, is that it includes strips (gaps) in an image. On May 31, 2003 the Scan-Line-Corrector (SLC) failed completely, due to 22% of pixel information lost in the Landsat-7 data. The focal analysis method is applied to the required image for removing all strips (gaps). Change detection using Image Differencing technique, maximum changed area and unchanged area detect the different Lakes and Reservoirs in the period of 2008-2018. The unsupervised classification is used to compute the accuracy assessment analysis. Excellent results are obtained by using accuracy assessment for different Lakes and Reservoirs from 2008 to 2018, with the overall accuracy of 91.59%, and overall kappa statistics of 0.9032. The percentage of a decreased area is more in 2018 as compared to 2008 and it concludes that the percentage of decreased area is more as compared to the percentage of increased area for acquired Landsat-7 data.
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Alavian, Vahid, Gerhard H. Jirka, Richard A. Denton, Marc C. Johnson i Heinz G. Stefan. "Density Currents Entering Lakes and Reservoirs". Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 118, nr 11 (listopad 1992): 1464–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9429(1992)118:11(1464).
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Pinto-Coelho, Ricardo, Bernadette Pinel-Alloul, Ginette Méthot i Karl E. Havens. "Crustacean zooplankton in lakes and reservoirs of temperate and tropical regions: variation with trophic status". Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 62, nr 2 (1.02.2005): 348–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f04-178.
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The influence of trophic status on the crustacean zooplankton community was investigated in lakes and reservoirs in temperate and subtropical-tropical regions. We tested if there is a consistent relationship between crustacean species richness, assemblages, and abundance and trophic indices such as total phosphorus and chlorophyll a. We also examined if these patterns differ between regions. Cumulative species richness and assemblages varied among regions. The greatest number of crustacean species was found in the temperate oligotrophic region with the largest number of lakes sampled. However, cumulative species richness was similar in temperate and subtropicaltropical regions when comparing subsets with a similar number of lakes and reservoirs. The relationships between species richness and latitude or trophic status were difficult to assess owing to imbalance among regions in number of lakes and reservoirs sampled and to biogeography and fish predation potential influences. Trophic status was associated with changes in abundance of all major crustacean zooplankton groups. Eutrophic ecosystems supported greater crustacean abundances at all latitudes. However, cladocerans and cyclopoids were more abundant in eutrophic lakes and reservoirs, whereas calanoids were more abundant in temperate oligotrophic lakes. Total phosphorus was found to be a better predictor of the biomass of major crustacean groups than chlorophyll a in all regions.
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Wang, Fushan, Guangheng Ni, William J. Riley, Jinyun Tang, Dejun Zhu i Ting Sun. "Evaluation of the WRF lake module (v1.0) and its improvements at a deep reservoir". Geoscientific Model Development 12, nr 5 (29.05.2019): 2119–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-2119-2019.
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Abstract. Large lakes and reservoirs play important roles in modulating regional hydrological cycles and climate; however, their representations in coupled models remain uncertain. The existing lake module in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) system (hereafter WRF-Lake), although widely used, did not accurately predict temperature profiles in deep lakes mainly due to its poor lake surface property parameterizations and underestimation of heat transfer between lake layers. We therefore revised WRF-Lake by improving its (1) numerical discretization scheme; (2) surface property parameterization; (3) diffusivity parameterization for deep lakes; and (4) convection scheme, the outcome of which became WRF-rLake (i.e., revised lake model). We evaluated the off-line WRF-rLake by comparing simulated and measured water temperature at the Nuozhadu Reservoir, a deep reservoir in southwestern China. WRF-rLake performs better than its predecessor by reducing the root-mean-square error (RMSE) against observed lake surface temperatures (LSTs) from 1.4 to 1.1 ∘C and consistently improving simulated vertical temperature profiles. We also evaluated the sensitivity of simulated water temperature and surface energy fluxes to various modeled lake processes. We found (1) large changes in surface energy balance fluxes (up to 60 W m−2) associated with the improved surface property parameterization and (2) that the simulated lake thermal structure depends strongly on the light extinction coefficient and vertical diffusivity. Although currently only evaluated at the Nuozhadu Reservoir, we expect that these model parameterization and structural improvements could be general and therefore recommend further testing at other deep lakes and reservoirs.
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Shotbolt, L. A., A. D. Thomas i S. M. Hutchinson. "The use of reservoir sediments as environmental archives of catchment inputs and atmospheric pollution". Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 29, nr 3 (wrzesień 2005): 337–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0309133305pp452ra.
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Lakes and reservoirs act as sinks for both catchment and atmospherically derived particulates and so their sediments can provide valuable information on temporal changes in these inputs. While the use of lake sediments as environmental archives is well established, reservoir sediments have less frequently been used as temporal records. Yet, for investigating pollution histories, reservoirs are ostensibly of greater interest: they are generally located close to urban and industrial sources of pollution and accumulate sediment rapidly and over similar time periods to major emissions of pollutants. The lack of interest in reservoir sediments stems from the perception that fluctuating water levels are likely to result in significant sediment disturbance. This perception is sustained, perhaps mistakenly, by a lack of research into reservoir sedimentary systems. There is, therefore, a need to review the available published research on reservoir sedimentation processes and patterns, the relatively few studies that have used reservoir sediments and relevant studies from the lake-sediment literature, and thus critically evaluate the potential and problems of using reservoir sediments as temporal records of pollution. Current understanding of the processes of sedimentation and resulting distributions are reviewed. Some significant differences between sedimentation in lakes and reservoirs are highlighted and the implications for sampling and interpretation of sedimentary records discussed. It is suggested that, at present, a valuable resource is being underutilized and it is demonstrated that, where sediment deposition patterns are taken into account, reservoir sedimentary records can provide important data for reconstructing past atmospheric and catchment pollutant inputs.
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Matsui, S., S. Ide i M. Ando. "Lakes and reservoirs: reflecting waters of sustainable use". Water Science and Technology 32, nr 7 (1.10.1995): 221–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0238.
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The International Lake Environment Committee (ILEC) has been conducting, in cooperation with the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), a project entitled the “Survey of the State of World Lakes” since 1986 with the aim of collecting and compiling environmental data on as many important lakes and reservoirs of the world as possible to be used as the basis for environmentally sound management of lakes. The results so far obtained from the survey have been published in five volumes as the “Data Book of World Lake Environments”, which contain sets of detailed data on 217 lakes from 73 countries all over the world. The survey carried out by ILEC and UNEP illustrated that the following six major environmental problems are now widespread among lakes and reservoirs around the world, leading to a crisis of water resources and aquatic ecosystems: 1) Lowering of water level, 2) Rapid siltation, 3) Acidification, 4) Toxic contamination, 5) Eutrophication, and 6) Extermination of ecosystems and biota. A preliminary analysis on surveyed lakes and reservoirs also demonstrated some interesting correlations between 1) the volume of lake water and transparency, 2) suspended solids concentrations and the ratio of forest area to the whole catchment area, 3) suspended solids concentrations and the area of farmlands in the catchment area per unit volume of lake water, and 4) total nitrogen and total phosphorus concentrations in lake water, indicators of the degree of eutrophication, and the catchment area population per unit volume of lake water.
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Busker, Tim, Ad de Roo, Emiliano Gelati, Christian Schwatke, Marko Adamovic, Berny Bisselink, Jean-Francois Pekel i Andrew Cottam. "A global lake and reservoir volume analysis using a surface water dataset and satellite altimetry". Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 23, nr 2 (6.02.2019): 669–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-669-2019.
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Abstract. Lakes and reservoirs are crucial elements of the hydrological and biochemical cycle and are a valuable resource for hydropower, domestic and industrial water use, and irrigation. Although their monitoring is crucial in times of increased pressure on water resources by both climate change and human interventions, publically available datasets of lake and reservoir levels and volumes are scarce. Within this study, a time series of variation in lake and reservoir volume between 1984 and 2015 were analysed for 137 lakes over all continents by combining the JRC Global Surface Water (GSW) dataset and the satellite altimetry database DAHITI. The GSW dataset is a highly accurate surface water dataset at 30 m resolution compromising the whole L1T Landsat 5, 7 and 8 archive, which allowed for detailed lake area calculations globally over a very long time period using Google Earth Engine. Therefore, the estimates in water volume fluctuations using the GSW dataset are expected to improve compared to current techniques as they are not constrained by complex and computationally intensive classification procedures. Lake areas and water levels were combined in a regression to derive the hypsometry relationship (dh ∕ dA) for all lakes. Nearly all lakes showed a linear regression, and 42 % of the lakes showed a strong linear relationship with a R2 > 0.8, an average R2 of 0.91 and a standard deviation of 0.05. For these lakes and for lakes with a nearly constant lake area (coefficient of variation < 0.008), volume variations were calculated. Lakes with a poor linear relationship were not considered. Reasons for low R2 values were found to be (1) a nearly constant lake area, (2) winter ice coverage and (3) a predominant lack of data within the GSW dataset for those lakes. Lake volume estimates were validated for 18 lakes in the US, Spain, Australia and Africa using in situ volume time series, and gave an excellent Pearson correlation coefficient of on average 0.97 with a standard deviation of 0.041, and a normalized RMSE of 7.42 %. These results show a high potential for measuring lake volume dynamics using a pre-classified GSW dataset, which easily allows the method to be scaled up to an extensive global volumetric dataset. This dataset will not only provide a historical lake and reservoir volume variation record, but will also help to improve our understanding of the behaviour of lakes and reservoirs and their representation in (large-scale) hydrological models.
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Mamas, Natalia. "Ecological features of Lake Karasun". E3S Web of Conferences 210 (2020): 07009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021007009.
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A special role belongs to the closed reservoirs in the circulation of substances, water in nature, and also a special microclimate is formed around such reservoirs. Long ago, the Karasun River took off from the village of Starokorsunskaya and flowed westward, falling into the Kuban River, and subsequently the Kuban River, changing its course, swallowed part of the Karasun bed, separating several lakes. According to some maps of the city, the Karasunsky lakes are called "Pokrovskys". Karasun lakes are natural reservoirs, they are formed where in the depressions of the earth's surface (lake basins) due to the prevailing natural conditions, water accumulates from precipitation, melting snow and ice, and groundwater. Today, people are trying to breathe a second life into the ecosystem of the Karasun Lakes.trying to breathe a second life into the ecosystem of the Karasun Lakes.
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Ma, Li, i Yuan Yuan Li. "The Air-Conditioning Rtilization of Natural Cold Resource of Lakes and Reservoirs". Advanced Materials Research 243-249 (maj 2011): 6947–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.6947.
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In the reservoir water temperature conducted annual test, test data shows that water temperature perennial remain in 9 ~ 10 in certain depth below. Reservoirs and lakes are huge natural cold source. In an air conditioning engineering, the reservoir cold water was directly used as cooling source. The air conditioning effect is good and to gets good energy-saving and environmental benefits. It suggests that solar energy, natural ventilation and natural cold and heat storage in water should be widely used in the western tourist architecture in order to achieve low carbon tourism.
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Fan, Gong Duan, Zhi Zhang, Jing Luo, Xin Wan i Chao Liu. "Analysis of the Water Intake Technology of Open-Lakes Water Source Heat Pump System in Chongqing". Advanced Materials Research 250-253 (maj 2011): 3168–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.250-253.3168.
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To research the suitable water intake technology of open-lakes Water Source Heat Pump system (WSHPs) in Chongqing, water temperature, water quality and other water features of lake and reservoir are analyzed. Results show that the temperature of water source in Chongqing’s lakes and reservoirs excelled the air temperature, and the water quality basically meets the requirements of open-lakes WSHPs. Thus the water source in Chongqing’s lakes and reservoirs is a hot and cold source of good quality. For depth of water is greater than 6m, there is an obvious vertical stratification of water temperature in summer, which is not obvious in winter. pH value, turbidity and algal density also have obvious characteristics in vertical distribution, while hardness and salinity have little characteristics. According to the spatial and temporal distribution features of water temperature and water quality, water intake head should be installed in the middle and lower layer of the lake. Less investment and water head loss, lower operation and maintenance costs, and higher reliability should be considered when we choose the way of water intake for WSHPs in Chongqing. Water intake ways such as pump truck water intake, pontoon intake, gravity pipe intake, integrated device are alternative. Comparison between technical and economic should be made first.
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Tang, Xianqiang, Rui Li, Ding Han i Miklas Scholz. "Response of Eutrophication Development to Variations in Nutrients and Hydrological Regime: A Case Study in the Changjiang River (Yangtze) Basin". Water 12, nr 6 (7.06.2020): 1634. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12061634.
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Data and literature related to water quality as well as nutrient loads were used to evaluate the Changjiang River (also Yangtze or Yangzi) Basin with respect to its hydrological regime, sediment transport, and eutrophication status. Waterbodies exhibited different eutrophic degrees following the ranking order of river < reservoir < lake. Most of the eutrophic lakes and reservoirs distributed in the upstream Sichuan Basin and Jianghan Plain are located in the middle main stream reaches. During the past decade, the water surface area proportion of moderately eutrophic lakes to total evaluated lakes continually increased from 31.3% in 2009 to 42.7% in 2018, and the trophic level of reservoirs rapidly developed from mesotrophic to slightly eutrophic. Construction and operation of numerous gates and dams changed the natural transportation rhythm of runoff, suspended solids (SS), and nutrients, and reduced flow velocity, resulting in decreased discharge runoff, slow water exchange, and decreased connectivity between rivers and lakes as well as accumulated nutrient and SS, which are the main driving forces of eutrophication. To mitigate eutrophication, jointly controlling and monitoring nutrient concentrations and flux at key sections, strengthening water quality management for irrigation backwater and aquaculture wastewater, and balancing transportation among runoff, SS, and nutrients is recommended.
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Houle, Daniel, Rock Ouimet, Suzanne Couture i Christian Gagnon. "Base cation reservoirs in soil control the buffering capacity of lakes in forested catchments". Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 63, nr 3 (1.03.2006): 471–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f06-007.
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The acidification of forest soils and surface waters and their relatively poor recovery record following reductions in atmospheric sulphur emissions is a major ongoing environmental problem, particularly in northeastern North America. The slow recovery of surface water is widely hypothesized to result from depletion of reservoirs of base cations in soil. This is concordant with the theory that the acid-neutralizing capacity (ANC) of lakes is likely proportional to the size of the exchangeable base cation reservoirs present in surrounding watershed soils. However, data describing these linkages are still nonexistent in the literature. Here we show that lake ANC is highly predictable (r2 = 0.75) based on the size of the exchangeable Ca2+ reservoir in soil in 21 catchments representative of soil and lake conditions encountered in northeastern North America. This finding indirectly supports the hypothesis that the poor recovery of surface water from acidification is governed by the size of base cation reservoirs present in catchment soils. The size of the base cation reservoir in soil is thus a strong indicator of the acidbase status of both soils and surface waters.
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Maślanka, Wojciech. "Significance of reference observation in the evaluation of Secchi disk visibility on the example of lakes in the vicinity of Ełk". Limnological Review 10, nr 3-4 (1.01.2010): 157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10194-011-0018-0.
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Significance of reference observation in the evaluation of Secchi disk visibility on the example of lakes in the vicinity of Ełk The method of measuring transparency of water environments using the Secchi disc is still applied, despite a certain level of subjectivity of obtained results. At present, it should be used as a supplement to more reliable methods of measuring the thickness of the euphotic zone. A serious drawback is the low informative value of isolated measurements of the transparency of water environments, representing different stages of cyclic annual variability. This is also confirmed by the summer visibility measurements in the waters of lakes near Ełk of 2003 and 2005. Reservoirs investigated twice were sometimes characterised by a significant diversity of the observed absolute values of the Secchi disc visibility in particular years. However, treating them as benchmark reservoirs makes it possible to determine relative relationships of optical properties among water environments of all the 21 lakes analysed then. They can be expressed in the form of an ordered sequence of reservoirs with increasingly better optical properties of water environments. The ordered sequence was verified on the basis of the research results of 2006. The observed stability of the position of the benchmark reservoirs with respect to each other makes it possible to abandon treating the observed isolated values of the Secchi disc visibility in other reservoirs as, out of necessity, representative ones of the investigated lakes. The knowledge of the values of scopes of the disc visibility in the waters of the benchmark lakes makes it possible to precisely estimate, against them, this value in less frequently investigated lakes.
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Arshanitsa, N. M., A. V. Makrushin, A. S. Vasiliev, A. A. Stekolnikov i M. R. Grebtsov. "Two express methods of contamination evaluation of fresh water reservoirs". International bulletin of Veterinary Medicine 1 (2020): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17238/issn2072-2419.2020.1.63.
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The experiment is based on the assess-ment of water quality, based on the state of the organism of fish and crustaceans. Fish were surveyed in 1970-2016 years. The work was carried out in various regions of the USSR and Russia on reservoirs of vari-ous types, on fish farms. Various species and age groups of fish were studied. They were caught with a trawl, nets, a lift and sports fishing gear, and fish larvae were caught with a plankton net. A patho-anatomic meth-od was used to assess the condition of fish. Branched crustaceans were examined in 1989-2016. Samples were collected by plankton grid in reservoirs of the Volga, in lakes of the Karelian isthmus, in mountain lakes of the Western Sayan (East. Siberia), in lakes Ilmen and Sevan (Republic of Ar-menia) and in lake Ladoga, in the Nyvchim reservoir (Vychegda river basin), in pools of the Bolshezemelskaya tundra, in the Cu-ronian and Finnish bays of the Baltic sea. Samples were stabilized with 4% formalin and viewed under the MBS-9 binocular mi-croscope. Two methods for assessing the level of contamination of freshwater reservoirs were suggested. First: assessment of the level of pollution by the state of the fish organism. Toxicological studies of reservoirs and in experimental conditions have shown that fish were the most informative indicators of pollution of fishery reservoirs. The ecologi-cal approach to bioindication of the environ-ment using fish as the individual level is associated with changes in various indicators that characterize certain aspects of fish biol-ogy (weight and linear growth rate, fatness, fertility, reproduction process, embryonic and early post-embryonic development, pa-thologies, etc.). And the second method is to assess the level of contamination based on the state of the organism of pelagic branched crustaceans.
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Buczyńska, Edyta. "Storage reservoirs beyond a lake district as secondary habitats for caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) in an area of karst origin (SE Poland)". Knowledge & Management of Aquatic Ecosystems, nr 420 (2019): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/kmae/2018045.
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Shallow and vegetation-rich storage reservoirs can be a very important element of a hydrological network supporting specific fauna. However, their ecological potential for many insect groups is often neglected in hydrobiological studies in contrast to lakes. Therefore, caddisfly fauna was studied at different levels of its organization as well as environmental drivers of the species' distribution across three reservoirs (SE Poland). The species' composition and assemblages distinguishingly showed close relationships with the caddisfly fauna of meso- and eutrophic lakes. Quantitative naturalness index (Wns) of caddisfly fauna in all reservoirs was higher in comparison to this value obtained for regional lakes. Oxygen reduction potential, temperature, electrical conductivity (physical and chemical variables of water), shading, elodeids (structural variables of reservoirs) and the average distance to the nearest water bodies (landscape variables in buffer zones of reservoirs) were all significant for caddisflies in CCA models. Analysis of functional groups revealed two characteristic features of these habitats: the lack of rheophiles and an evenly balanced trophic structure. Shallow reservoirs, despite their origin and human intervention, can provide important secondary habitats for specific invertebrate fauna. Practical guidelines are also given concerning management practices favourable to aquatic biota.
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Toné, Arthur, i Iran Lima Neto. "Modelagem simplificada do fósforo total em lagos e reservatórios brasileiros". Revista DAE 221, nr 68 (10.12.2019): 142–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.36659/dae.2020.012.
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Resumo O fósforo é considerado o principal fator responsável pela eutrofização de lagos e reservatórios. No presente estudo, utilizou-se um modelo transiente de mistura completa para analisar a dinâmica do fósforo em 40 lagos e reservatórios localizados nas regiões Nordeste, Sudeste e Centro-Oeste do Brasil. Os resultados con- firmaram a dependência do coeficiente de decaimento de fósforo com o inverso da raiz quadrada do tempo de residência hidráulica. No entanto, em virtude da elevada temperatura da água dos lagos e reservatórios do Nordeste, esse coeficiente assumiu valores cerca de duas vezes superiores àqueles observados em regiões de clima tropical. Por outro lado, devido à alta variabilidade de temperatura dos lagos e reservatórios do Sudes- te, o coeficiente oscilou entre valores extremos observados em regiões de clima temperado e semiárido. Em virtude disso, propôs-se uma equação geral para calcular o coeficiente de decaimento de fósforo como uma função não apenas do tempo de residência hidráulica, mas também da temperatura da água. Após validação e análise de sensibilidade do modelo proposto, o mesmo foi aplicado a um reservatório hipotético sujeito a variações temporais de volume, vazão, carga e temperatura da água. Espera-se que este modelo simplificado possa auxiliar na gestão de lagos e reservatórios brasileiros. Palavras-chave: Eutrofização. Temperatura. Qualidade da água. Abstract Phosphorus is considered the main factor responsible for eutrophication of lakes and reservoirs. In the present study, a transient complete mixing model was used to analyse phosphorus dynamics in 40 lakes and reservoirs located in the Northeast, Southeast and Central-West regions of Brazil. The results confirmed the dependence of the phosphorus decay coefficient on the inverse of the square root of the hydraulic residence time. However, due to the high-water temperature of the lakes and reservoirs of the Northeast, this coefficient assumed values about two times higher than those observed in regions of tropical climate. On the other hand, due to the high temperature variability of the lakes and reservoirs in the Southeast, the coefficient oscillated between extreme values observed in temperate and semiarid regions. As a result, a general equation was proposed to calculate the phosphorus decay coefficient as a function not only of the hydraulic residence time, but also of the water temperature. After valida- tion and sensitivity analysis of the proposed model, it was applied to a hypothetical reservoir subject to temporal variations of water volume, flow, load and temperature. This simple model will potentially assist in the management of Brazilian lakes and reservoirs. Keywords: Eutrophication. Temperature. Water quality.
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Sender, Joanna, i Weronika Maślanko. "Floristic Diversity of Lakes Subjected to Long Term Changes in the Water Network of the West Polesie (Eastern Poland)". Transylvanian Review of Systematical and Ecological Research 19, nr 3 (1.07.2017): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/trser-2017-0017.
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Abstract The Wieprz-Krzna Canal, built in 1961, is one of the longest in Poland (142 km). Although the drainage construction was intended to revitalize the region of wetlands and peat-bogs of the West Polesie, it caused large hydrological changes. Research on catchments of three natural lakes and three retention reservoirs involved cartographic analysis using photointerpretation, as well as the Braun-Blanquet method. In the studied area, between 1939 and 2016 the length of rivers and ditches increased more than three times. Macrophytes covered about 20-27% of the natural lakes water surface, whereas in retention reservoirs the coverage was 12-15.5%. Also a greater diversity of macrophytes occurred in natural lakes. In retention reservoirs it was restricted to only emerged macrophytes.
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Bedryj, Marta, Grzegorz Dumieński i Andrzej Tiukało. "Potential threat to Polish lakes and reservoirs from contamination by objects of environmental flood risk". Limnological Review 18, nr 4 (1.12.2018): 137–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/limre-2018-0015.
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AbstractThere is a potential threat to lakes and water reservoirs from contamination released due to the flooding of objects that can pose an environmental risk (cemeteries, sewage treatment plants, sewage pumping stations, landfills and industrial plants) located in areas prone to inundation. The analysis covered large lakes and reservoirs (those with the area of over 50 ha), identified as bodies of surface water located in areas potentially affected by flooding of high (10%), medium (1%) and low (0.2%) probability of occurrence. These areas are presented on flood hazard maps and flood risk maps. The results of analyses revealed that the scale of potential threat to Polish lakes, defined as bodies of surface water, with contamination from objects of environmental flood risk is marginal, however, in the case of reservoirs – significant.
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Halbedel, S., i M. Koschorreck. "Different regulation of CO<sub>2</sub> emission from streams and lakes". Biogeosciences Discussions 10, nr 6 (20.06.2013): 10021–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-10-10021-2013.
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Abstract. It has become more and more evident that CO2 emission (FCO2) from freshwater systems is an important part in the global carbon cycle. Only few studies addressed the different mechanisms regulating FCO2 from lotic and lentic systems. In a comparative study we investigated how different biogeochemical and physical factors can affect FCO2 from streams and reservoirs. We examined the seasonal variability in CO2 concentrations and emissions from four streams and two pre-dams of a large drinking water reservoir located in the same catchment, and compared them with parallel measured environmental factors. All streams generally were supersaturated with CO2 over the whole year, while both reservoirs where CO2 sinks during summer stratification and sources after circulation. FCO2 from streams ranged from 23 to 355 mmol m–2 d–1 and exceeded the fluxes from the reservoirs (–24 to 97 mmol m–2 d–1). Both the generally high piston velocity (k) and CO2 oversaturation were responsible for the higher FCO2 from streams in comparison to lakes. In both, streams and reservoirs FCO2 was mainly controlled by the CO2 concentration (r = 0.86 for dams, r = 0.90 for streams), which was clearly affected by metabolism and nutrients in both systems. Besides CO2 concentration, also physical factors control FCO2 in lakes and streams. During stratification FCO2 in both pre-dams was controlled by primary production in the epilimnion, which led to a decrease of FCO2. During circulation when CO2 from the hypolimnion was mixed with the epilimnion and the organic matter mineralisation was more relevant, FCO2 increased. FCO2 from streams was physically controlled especially by geomorphological and hydrological factors regulating k, which is less relevant in low wind lakes. We developed a schematic model describing the role of the different regulation mechanism on FCO2 from streams and lakes. Taken together, FCO2 is generally mostly controlled by CO2 concentration in the surface water. Lake stratification is a very important factor regulating FCO2 from lakes via controlling CO2 concentration and metabolism. But FCO2 in heterotrophic streams is generally higher. The higher k values are responsible for the comparable high FCO2. On a Central European landscape scale CO2 emission from streams was more relevant than the CO2 flux from standing waters.
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Andrews, John T., J. McManus i R. W. Duck. "Geomorphology and Sedimentology of Lakes and Reservoirs". Arctic and Alpine Research 27, nr 2 (maj 1995): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1551907.
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Wagner, Tyler, i Larry E. Erickson. "Sustainable Management of Eutrophic Lakes and Reservoirs". Journal of Environmental Protection 08, nr 04 (2017): 436–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jep.2017.84032.
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Robbins, Eleanora I. "Geomorphology and sedimentology of lakes and reservoirs". Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 58, nr 11 (czerwiec 1994): 2583. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(94)90035-3.
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Gibson, George R., Donald L. Johnstone, Dean O. Cliver i Edwin E. Geldreich. "Public Health Microbiology of Lakes and Reservoirs". Lake and Reservoir Management 2, nr 1 (styczeń 1986): 333–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07438148609354653.
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Gaggino, G. F., i A. Provini. "Eutrophication of lakes and reservoirs in Italy". SIL Proceedings, 1922-2010 23, nr 1 (styczeń 1988): 553–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03680770.1987.11897978.
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Chen, Chen-Tung Arthur, i Bing-Jye Wang. "Acidification of lakes and reservoirs in Taiwan." GEOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 31, nr 6 (1997): 345–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2343/geochemj.31.345.
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Stefanović, Dušan, Ivana Radojević, Ljiljana Čomić, Aleksandar Ostojić, Marina Topuzoviić i Ana Kaplarević-Mališić. "Management information system of lakes and reservoirs". Water Resources 39, nr 4 (lipiec 2012): 488–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0097807812040124.
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Edmondson, W. T. "Lakes and reservoirs (F. B. Taub [ed.])". Limnology and Oceanography 32, nr 3 (maj 1987): 776–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lo.1987.32.3.0776.
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Chytil, Ivo. "Dispersion of pollution in reservoirs and lakes". Annual Review in Automatic Programming 12 (styczeń 1985): 177–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0066-4138(85)90355-6.
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Hejzlar, J., K. Šámalová, P. Boers i B. Kronvang. "Modelling Phosphorus Retention in Lakes and Reservoirs". Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus 6, nr 5-6 (6.12.2006): 487–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11267-006-9032-7.
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Visser, Johan N. J. "Geomorphology and sedimentology of lakes and reservoirs". Sedimentary Geology 88, nr 3-4 (styczeń 1994): 313–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0037-0738(94)90074-4.
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Stuiver, Minze, i Thomas F. Braziunas. "Modeling Atmospheric 14C Influences and 14C Ages of Marine Samples to 10,000 BC". Radiocarbon 35, nr 1 (1993): 137–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200013874.
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The detailed radiocarbon age vs. calibrated (cal) age studies of tree rings reported in this Calibration Issue provide a unique data set for precise 14C age calibration of materials formed in isotopic equilibrium with atmospheric CO2. The situation is more complex for organisms formed in other reservoirs, such as lakes and oceans. Here the initial specific 14C activity may differ from that of the contemporaneous atmosphere. The measured remaining 14C activity of samples formed in such reservoirs not only reflects 14C decay (related to sample age) but also the reservoir 14C activity. As the measured sample 14C activity figures into the calculation of a conventional 14C age (Stuiver & Polach 1977), apparent 14C age differences occur when contemporaneously grown samples of different reservoirs are dated.
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Nürnberg, Gertrud K. "Quantified Hypoxia and Anoxia in Lakes and Reservoirs". Scientific World JOURNAL 4 (2004): 42–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2004.5.
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Hypoxia and anoxia occur frequently in freshwater systems and have biological and chemical implications.Anoxiacan be expressed and quantified as the anoxic factor;hypoxia, for a specific level of oxygen depletion, can be expressed as the hypoxic factor in lakes, reservoirs, and river sections. These methods summarize information of individual dissolved oxygen profiles as annual values or factors that facilitate comparison between and within lakes. Therefore, these factors are useful in the formulation and testing of hypotheses related to the dissolved oxygen status in water bodies. Methods of calculating different factors for different oxygen levels and water layers, including those applying separately to the epilimnion and hypolimnion, are presented in detail. Proven and potential applicability include: (1) the quantification of relationships with lake water quality variables and lake classification (trophic state), (2) the evaluation of restoration techniques with respect to their effects on hypolimnetic oxygen depletion, (3) the determination of internal phosphorus loading in stratified and polymictic lakes, (4) the exploration of habitat constraints due to hypoxia (e.g., fish species richness and winterkill), (5) forecasting potential effects of climatic change on oxygen content and internal phosphorus loading, and (6) the establishment and examination of criteria and guidelines with respect to hypoxia by custom-made definitions.