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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Label of origin"
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Malott, Krista M., Kathryn P. Alessandria, Kirkpatrick Megan i Carandang Justine. "Ethnic Labeling in Mexican-Origin Youth: A Qualitative Assessment". Professional School Counseling 12, nr 5 (czerwiec 2009): 2156759X0901200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2156759x0901200505.
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Outcomes are reported from a qualitative investigation addressing ethnic label selection, meaning, use, and influences upon Mexican-origin youth. Participants selected multiple labels with distinct meanings and influences. Findings indicate a need for school counselors to honor student label selection and to advocate for variable label use by school professionals and in school documentation. School counselors can provide resources and venues to facilitate student exploration of ethnic labels, as one key component of ethnic identity development.
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Velčovská, Š., i T. Sadílek. "Analysis of quality labels included in the European Union quality schemes". Czech Journal of Food Sciences 32, No. 2 (22.04.2014): 194–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/189/2013-cjfs.
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We analysed the use of European Union schemes of Protected Designation of Origin, Protected Geographical Indication and Traditional Speciality Guaranteed labels in the European Union market according to selected criteria including type of label, country of origin, and product classes. The first part of the paper deals with the definition of food quality, quality labels, and European Union quality scheme specification. The second part includes the discussion of marketing research results. Secondary data from the Database of Origin and Registration are used. The sample consists of 1146 labels registered in this database as to the 28<sup>th</sup> of March 2013. The frequency of label utilisation is analysed according to country, type of label, and product classes, while the cluster analysis is also applied. Pearson’s chi-squared test of independence is used to determine if significant differences exist between the frequency of using the labels and the above-mentioned criteria.
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Li, Chenguang, Junfei Bai, Zhifeng Gao i Jiangyuan Fu. "Willingness to pay for “taste of Europe”: geographical origin labeling controversy in China". British Food Journal 119, nr 8 (7.08.2017): 1897–914. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-11-2016-0580.
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Purpose Continuing economic growth in emerging markets offers large market opportunities to producers and marketers worldwide; however, market failures due to asymmetric information are often seen when high-quality products enter these “new markets” where recognition rates among consumers are low. The use of “geographical origin” labels as quality signals to overcome asymmetric information problem plays an important role. The purpose of this paper is to compare consumers’ perception and willingness to pay (WTP) for different levels of geographic origin labels to provide insights to the strategic use of origin labels in emerging markets. Design/methodology/approach A consumer survey on geographic labeling for imported dairy products was carried out in Beijing, China in May 2015. Under the “products of European Union (EU)” range, the authors used “product of Ireland” as a case study for the country-specific origin label. Information on consumer demographic, dairy consumption, safety perceptions, knowledge on Ireland and Irish products, as well as WTP for different geographic labeling and product attributes were collected from 307 face-to-face interviews. WTP was elicited using double-bounded contingent valuation method, and estimated with maximum log-likelihood function. Findings The authors found that consumers are willing to pay premium prices for both of these geographical origin indicators, but the EU label had slightly higher WTP results. However, the controversial situation is that although the EU label has a better chance than the country-specific label in signaling premium quality to Chinese consumers, EU labeling at its best signals an average quality across the EU counties. For premium products with above average quality, using generic EU labeling has a potential drawback to the establishment of product differentiation. Originality/value This study is the first to evaluate Chinese consumers’ WTP for EU generic origin label for dairy products in comparison to country-specific origin label. Findings of the study have immediate policy and marketing implications in emerging markets.
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Prorok, Mary, i David S. Lawrence. "An affinity label of absolute peptidic origin". Journal of the American Chemical Society 112, nr 23 (listopad 1990): 8626–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00179a081.
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Parsons, Andrew G., Paul W. Ballantine i Helene Wilkinson. "Country-of-origin and private-label merchandise". Journal of Marketing Management 28, nr 5-6 (maj 2012): 594–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0267257x.2010.549197.
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Krasnitska, G. M. "HISTORICAL PREREQUISITES FOR THE ORIGIN OF LABEL". Scientific notes of Taurida National V.I. Vernadsky University, series Historical Sciences, nr 2 (2021): 163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.32838/2663-5984/2021/2.23.
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Bimbo, Francesco, Luigi Roselli, Domenico Carlucci i Bernardo Corrado de Gennaro. "Consumer Misuse of Country-of-Origin Label: Insights from the Italian Extra-Virgin Olive Oil Market". Nutrients 12, nr 7 (19.07.2020): 2150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12072150.
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Providing information to consumers through the label is a means for food companies to inform consumers about product’s attributes, including the country of origin (COO). In the EU, COO labeling has been made mandatory for several categories of food products, to enable consumers to make informed choices at the point of sale. In particular, Regulation (EU) No 29/2012 has introduced a mandatory country-of-origin labeling system for extra virgin olive oil (EVOO). In the present study, conducted in Italy, we test whether there is a price differential associated with the COO information for EVOO. To this end, we employ a hedonic price model and data about the purchase of EVOO products collected from 982 consumers at the supermarket checkout. Having interviewed these consumers, we also assess the share of EVOO consumers that correctly identify the country of origin of the product purchased. Our findings point out that, in Italy, the EVOO with domestic origin, indicated on the label, benefits of a premium price equal to +35% compared to the product labeled as blend of European EVOOs, while a discount of −10.8% is attached to EVOOs from a non-European origin. A significant share of consumers in our sample (19.04%) is, however, unable to correctly identify the origin of the EVOO purchased. This label misuse mostly occurs among consumers who report that they had purchased Italian EVOO, while they had actually purchased a blend of European EVOOs. Female and more highly educated consumers are less likely to misuse label information about the product’s origins.
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Meyerding, Stephan, Anna-Lena Schaffmann i Mira Lehberger. "Consumer Preferences for Different Designs of Carbon Footprint Labelling on Tomatoes in Germany—Does Design Matter?" Sustainability 11, nr 6 (15.03.2019): 1587. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11061587.
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The climate impact of tomato production is an important issue in the sustainability of tomatoes, especially in northern European countries, such as Germany. Communicating the climate impact of products to the consumer is difficult and the design of the label might be the key to its success. For this reason, the present study compares the utilities of six different carbon footprint labels to evaluate which label design works best for the consumer. 598 consumers were surveyed in a representative online choice-experiment. The participants had to choose between tomatoes with different product characteristics, such as origin, price, organic label, and carbon footprint label. A split sample approach was used where each sub-sample with around n = 100 saw a different carbon footprint label design in the choice-experiment. The results suggest that qualitative carbon footprint labels using color-coded traffic light labelling are superior to those that claim climate impact reduction or neutrality, including those that provide more details regarding the climate impact of the product and the company. The latent class analysis with four consumer segments shows that a significant proportion of consumers in Germany would consider a carbon footprint label as an important characteristic.
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Pasco, Michelle C., i Rebecca M. B. White. "A Mixed Methods Approach to Examining Mexican-Origin Adolescents’ Use of Ethnic-Racial Labels in Neighborhood Contexts". Journal of Adolescent Research 35, nr 4 (8.08.2019): 489–520. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0743558419868220.
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We employed a mixed method design to describe Mexican-origin adolescents’ ethnic-racial label usage in the context of ethnically/racially segregated neighborhoods. Data come from three sources: 26 semistructured interviews with 14 Mexican-origin adolescents (mean age = 15.43, SD = 1.22), 64.3% female, living in neighborhood environments predominated by Latinos; neighborhood ( N = 9) data from the U.S. Census Bureau; and systematic social observations of neighborhood block faces ( N = 256). Using Key-Word-In-Context analysis, we found that adolescents used a variety of labels to describe themselves and members of their ethnic-racial group while discussing the strengths and challenges associated with their residential neighborhoods. Semistructured interview themes included adolescents’ references to cultural and social resources within neighborhoods, neighborhood challenges, ethnic-racial biases, and normative developmental processes. We examined label usage across interview themes and neighborhood characteristics derived from the census and systematic social observation data. Two triangulated findings emerged: (a) diversity in ethnic-racial label usage in the context of neighborhood resources and (b) greater restriction to the use of panethnic labels in the context of neighborhood challenges. Our study suggests that adolescents may be internalizing messages and symbols in their neighborhoods in ways that have implications for their ethnic-racial labeling and identity development.
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Czine, Péter, Áron Török, Károly Pető, Péter Horváth i Péter Balogh. "The Impact of the Food Labeling and Other Factors on Consumer Preferences Using Discrete Choice Modeling—The Example of Traditional Pork Sausage". Nutrients 12, nr 6 (12.06.2020): 1768. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12061768.
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In our study, we examined whether product characteristics indicated by food labels matter in purchasing decisions for sausage made from traditional Hungarian mangalica pork; and how much consumers are willing to pay for them. On the other hand, we also tried to measure whether any changes in consumers’ preferences occurred in recent years. Two product characteristics (label of origin and different mangalica meat content) and two other factors (place of purchase and price) are examined in a discrete choice experiment based on stated preference data. According to our expectations, government-funded consumer campaigns in recent years have had an impact on consumers purchase of this traditional product, and they pay more attention to food labels, which can also be influenced by sociodemographic characteristics. Our results have been compared to a previous choice-model based research, investigating consumers’ attitude towards similar mangalica pork products. Three different types of models (multinomial logit, random parameter logit, and latent class) are employed, from which two types of models account for the heterogeneity in preferences. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the advertisements promoting traditional meat consumption had only a partial effect on consumer attitudes. Consumers clearly prefer the label of origin indicating meat from registered animals and purchasing on the farmers’ market, but according to the indication of the different mangalica meat content in the product, we have already reached conflicting results. Three consumer segments were identified: “price sensitive, loyal to label, label neutral” based on latent class model estimates.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Label of origin"
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Meas, Thong. "THE EFFECTS OF COUNTRY OF ORIGIN IMAGE AND PATRIOTISM ON CONSUMER PREFERENCE FOR DOMESTIC VERSUS IMPORTED BEEF". UKnowledge, 2014. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/agecon_etds/27.
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Country of origin (COO) effect is a well-researched topic in the international marketing literature. It is well recognized that consumers are biased against imports, due to consumer ethnocentrism or patriotism tendency. However, the research on COO effects also suggests that consumers form certain image of origin countries (COO image) and favorable image, be it associated with the countries, their people, or general product quality, improves the evaluation and acceptance of foreign imports.
The publications related to COO effects which focus on consumer durables are abundant. However, the contrasting COO effects on food products are much less investigated. This study surveys British consumers’ preference for domestic versus imported beef. Like previous studies, a strong preference for domestic beef was found. Furthermore, individual characteristics which potentially influence such preference were examined. Using scores on consumer patriotism and COO image perception as interacting individual characteristics in the choice models, it was found that stronger preference against imports was linked to higher level of the respondents perceived patriotic sentiment toward their home country, while better COO image improved the likelihood of the foreign country’s beef being selected. Marketing and policy implications are discussed.
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Cret, Benoît. "L'émergence des accréditations : origine et efficacité d'un label". Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007IEPP0028.
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Les étudiants ne peuvent « essayer » les diplômes ou les établissements pour choisir le meilleur d’entre eux. Le choix ne peut reposer sur la multiplication des expériences, sur leur répétition et leur comparaison. Les agences d’accréditation seraient là pour "aider" les consommateurs en les dotant d’équipements distinctifs, les labels, qui auraient pour fonction de lever l’incertitude sur la qualité des services échangés. Notre recherche questionne la "fonction de certification" des agences d’accréditation en les considérant non pas comme de simples courroies de transmission, mais comme des organisations dynamiques qui définissent et modifient en partie ce qu’est la "bonne mesure" de la qualité des diplômes et des établissements. Comment les agences d’accréditation AACSB, AMBA et EQUIS ont-elles pu devenir robustes aussi rapidement dans l’espace circonscrit des business schools ? Par "robuste", nous désignons la qualité du processus par lequel ces trois organisations ont réussi en huit ans (1997-2005) à stabiliser un quasi-monopole de l’accréditation. Pour ce faire, nous distinguons la question de la genèse des agences, des questions de leur persistance et de leur efficacité. Nous explorons la naissance des trois agences, puis nous étudions la mise en œuvre des trois processus d’accréditation associés à l’intérieur de six Business Schools, trois françaises, trois anglaises. Cela nous amènera à questionner la notion de confiance. Nous considérons enfin les "labels" comme des catégories de pensées collectives, ce qui implique de questionner la notion de croyance pour résoudre le problème de la genèse et de l’efficacité des agences d’accréditationStudents cannot “try” or “experiment” degree curricula in order to choose the best of them. Henceforth their choice cannot rest on experience, repetition and comparison. The accreditation agencies aim at helping them equipping them with distinctive “labels”, thus helping them make their choice. The “labels” would then help reduce the uncertainty on the quality of the services that are exchanged within the market. The subject of the PhD deals with the creation and the increasing role played by the three main accreditation agencies within Europe : AACSB (the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business), EQUIS (the European Quality Improvement System) and AMBA (the Association for MBAs). The main problem may be formulated as follows : how could these agencies gain legitimacy so swiftly ? The research distinguishes two main questions : -The one that deals with the genesis of the accreditation agencies, - And the one that deals with their persistence and their efficiency. First we highlight and compare the so-called diversity of the expansion of the three agencies. Then we focus on the the impact of the three accreditation processes within three French “Grandes Écoles” and three English Business Schools. This will lead us to explore the notion of trust (within the accreditation agencies, the accreditation process and the accreditation themselves). Finally, the “labels” will be considered as a collective form of classification that will enable us to deal with the problems of genesis and efficiency
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Håkansson, Nathalie, Elin Kvarnström i Emmelie Nilsson. "Using the Package to Influence Consumers' Choice of Brand : A Study on the Effect of Package Communication Claims on Propensity to Switch Brand". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-226987.
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As consumers walk through the grocery store they encounter a vast range of products. In this setting information printed on food packages play a role in consumer decision making. One way of influencing consumer behaviour is by using package panels where detailed communication claims can be placed. This study investigates the effect of package communication claims on propensity to switch brand through quantitative research design. Variations among consumer of private label brands versus consumers of name brands are also investigated. Results show that package communication claims have an effect on consumer propensity to switch brand, however there are differences depending on type of claims. Environmental packaging claims have a negative effect on propensity to switch while nutritional claims do not have a significant effect. Production process claims and product origin claims both have a positive effect on consumer propensity to switch and is thus more favourable for brands to use. Furthermore, package communication claims have a larger positive effect on propensity to switch among consumers of private label brands than among consumers of name brands. Since there is a lack of research in the area of package communication this thesis contribute by proving that packages have an effect on consumer behaviour and argues for further research in this area.
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Williams, Rachael M. "Do geographical indications promote sustainable rural development? : two UK case studies and implications for New Zealand rural development policy". Lincoln University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/585.
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Geographical indications (GIs) are one form of protective labelling used to indicate the origin of food and alcohol products. The role of protected geographical indicators as a promising sustainable rural development tool is the basis for this research. The protection of geographical indications is a rather controversial subject and much research is still required for both sides of the debate. The research method employed for this study is qualitative critical social science. Two Case studies are used to investigate the benefits brought to rural areas through the protection of GIs. The case studies include the GIs Jersey Royal and Welsh Lamb both from the United Kingdom a member of the European Union (the EU is in favour of extended protection of GIs for all agro-food products under the 1994 WTO/TRIPS agreement on geographical indications). Twenty-five indepth interviews were conducted for this study the duration of the interviews was approximately one hour. The study identifies predominantly indirect links between GIs and sustainable rural development, through economic and social benefits bought to rural areas by the GIs investigated - less of a connection was found to ecological elements. No considerable cost for GI protection was discovered. This finding suggests that GIs are worthwhile for implementation in New Zealand as a rural development tool.
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Joseph, Siny. "Country of origin labeling a theoretical and empirical analysis of market effects in the U.S. seafood industry /". Amherst, Mass. : University of Massachusetts Amherst, 2009. http://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI3379974/.
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Serra, Olivier. "Le législateur et le marché vinicole sous la Troisième République". Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR40039.
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L’étude de la genèse parlementaire de la législation vinicole française sous la Troisième République est une approche fondamentale afin de comprendre les tenants et les aboutissants de l’ensemble du droit positif vinicole. C’est, en effet, entre les années 1880 et 1930 que l’ensemble du droit que nous connaissons aujourd’hui se met en place. L’analyse de la démarche entreprise par le législateur met alors en avant la volonté de mettre en place une politique d’envergure permettant de protéger une production souffrant, de manière récurrente durant cette période, d’une crise de mévente liée à un marché structurellement déséquilibré. La fraude, tant sur la composition du vin, que sur son origine, macule les relations commerciales entretenues, durant les dernières années du XIXe siècle et les premières du XXe, sur un marché dévoyé par la concurrence déloyale et la perte de repères du consommateur. La surproduction endémique de la viticulture française durant la première moitié du XXe siècle, la concurrence des vins étrangers, ainsi que la restriction des débouchés tant nationaux, qu’internationaux, poussent dès lors le législateur à protéger la viticulture nationale par un ensemble de mesures propres à redéfinir les comportements du commerce et de la production, le tout dans un esprit de promotion de la qualité vinicole et de régulation du marché. Protectionnisme et agrarisme triomphent alors au sein du Parlement et des gouvernements afin de protéger le produit phare de l’économie française de la Troisième RépubliqueThe study of the genesis of French law surrounding the wine trade under the Third French Republic is essential to understand the ins and outs of French present wine law. Actually, almost the whole present wine law appears between the eighties of the nineteenth century and the thirties of the twentieth century. The analysis of the French legislator’s approach displays the determination to set up a large-scale policy in order to protect a production enduring, during this period, a structural slump crisis. The fraud on the composition of the wine and on its origin, during the last years of the nineteenth century, characterizes the market of the wine. This one is led astray by unfair competition and the loss of consumer’s landmark. Endemic overproduction of French viticulture during the first part of the twentieth century, competition of foreign wines, and restriction of French and international outlets, push legislator into protecting national viticulture by several measures for redefining behavior of the trade and the production. French legislator tries, at the same time, to push for quality and controlling market. Protectionist and agrarian policy triumph in the French Parliament and government to protect this flagship of the French agricultural production in the Third French Republic
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Mabiso, Athur. "Estimating consumers' willingness-to-pay for country-of-origin labels in fresh apples and tomatoes a double-hurdle probit analysis of U.S. data using factor scores /". [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0011841.
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Hollis, Jill Susanne. "Literacy difficulties : the origins of the labels used, their perceived purpose and the meanings ascribed to them by children, their parents and teachers". Thesis, University of East London, 2010. http://roar.uel.ac.uk/3672/.
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Labelling is a contentious issue within the fields of psychology and education and is influenced by the predominant medical and social models of disability labelling. Previous research has explored the views of children and parents in relation to the labels used to describe literacy difficulties. However, such research has neglected the views of children's mainstream teachers within the UK educational context. Drawing on an ecological perspective, this exploratory study investigated the views of four children aged 8 to 11 who had a dual placement at a centre for children with specific learning differences, their parents and their mainstream teachers. A qualitative methodology which utilised semi-structured interviews as a means of data collection investigated participants' views regarding the labels used to describe literacy difficulties, their perceived purpose and the meanings ascribed to them. Data was analysed using a hybrid approach of thematic analysis. Themes from the three data sets were collapsed allowing comparisons to be made. Findings indicated that there was variation in the labels used to describe the children's literacy difficulties although their meaning remained relatively constant. Labels were found to be transferable in nature, with adults not necessarily using those written in reports, where most of the labels originated. Adults perceived a need for collaboration in order to 'diagnose' dyslexia, with the role of the educational psychologist (EP) being central to this. Contrasting views regarding the purpose of a label, especially in relation to the support it could bring were found and although participants recognised that labels could provide an explanation, the visual signs of such difficulties were perceived as being important for the children interviewed. The findings are especially relevant to the role of the EP particularly since new recommendations have been proposed to the government regarding the identification of dyslexia (Rose, 2009). EPs are ideally placed to work with children, their parents and teachers and can draw on their skills in consultation and mediation with the aim of developing a shared understanding of the child's difficulties whichever label is used.
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Ferreira, Catarina Vilão Santos. "Novo regulamento relativo à rotulagem de géneros alimentícios : alterações na lei da rotulagem e avaliação do impacto em rótulos de produtos de origem animal pré-embalados". Master's thesis, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/4583.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina VeterináriaA rotulagem é a principal ferramenta de comunicação entre a indústria e os consumidores e presta informação importante para ambos. A par da restante legislação alimentar, também a relativa à rotulagem deve ser atualizada, acompanhando a evolução e exigências da sociedade. Neste sentido, foi recentemente publicado o Regulamento (UE) n.º 1169/2011 relativo à informação aos consumidores sobre géneros alimentícios. Constitui um marco importante na lei da rotulagem geral e nutricional, mas implica novas obrigações para as empresas, que a curto prazo têm que proceder à reformulação dos rótulos. Foi neste contexto que se desenvolveu este trabalho, com dois objetivos principais: especificar as alterações de rotulagem impostas pelo referido Regulamento e avaliar o seu impacto nas empresas que rotulam produtos pré-embalados de origem animal. As alterações foram identificadas após realização de uma análise comparativa do Regulamento face à legislação pela qual os operadores se regem atualmente, e concluiu-se que muitas estão em consonância com o exigido pelos consumidores, e que apesar de mais simples e moderna a legislação mantém os princípios base. Para avaliar o impacto do Regulamento (UE) n.º 1169/2011 analisou-se o grau de conformidade dos rótulos em relação às alterações identificadas, tendo para tal sido elaborada uma check-list, que foi aplicada aos rótulos de 259 produtos de diferentes sectores: carne, produtos da pesca, ovos, leite e derivados. Os resultados definiram quantitativa e qualitativamente as mudanças necessárias, e demonstraram que 99,8% dos rótulos carecem de alterações, havendo conformidade total apenas num rótulo do sector dos ovos e num de carne fresca refrigerada. O tamanho mínimo de letra e a declaração nutricional foram os critérios com maior prevalência de não conformidades. Como conclusão destaca-se uma grande quantidade de alterações necessárias, que será traduzida num pesado aumento da carga administrativa e de custos empresariais.
ABSTRACT - New Regulation concerning labelling of food: changes in labelling laws and evaluation of the impact on labels of prepacked products of animal origin. - Labelling is the primary communication tool between industry and final consumers and provides important information for both. Along with other food laws, labelling laws must also be updated, following the evolution and demands of society. This way, was recently published the Regulation (EU) no. 1169/2011 concerning information about food to the consumers. It represents an important milestone on the general and nutritional labelling laws, but implies new obligations for companies: in the short term they have to prepare for labels reformulation. This was the motivation to develop this work, with two chief objectives: to specify the labelling changes imposed by the regulation and assess the impact on the companies that label prepacked food of animal origin. The changes were identified after carrying out a comparative analysis of the regulation under the laws by which operators are ruled today, finding that many are in line with the consumers demand, and that despite being simpler and more modern, the legislation maintains the basic principles. To assess the impact of the Regulation (UE) no. 1169/2011, it was analyzed the conformity degree of the labels on the identified changes, having prepared a check-list, which applied to the labels of 259 products from distinct sectors: meat, fishery products, eggs, milk and dairy products. The results defined quantitatively and qualitatively the necessary changes, demonstrating that 99,8% of the labels lack changes, and only one product of the eggs sector and one product of fresh chilled meat shown full compliance. The minimum font size and the nutrition declaration were the criteria with the highest prevalence of non-conformities. It was concluded that a lot of necessary changes are needed, implying a heavy increase in administrative tasks and company business costs.
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Andradae, Maria Auxiliadora. "Inoculação de salmonella enterica subespecie enterica sorovar enteritidis fagotipo 4 em ovos embrionados de duas linhagens de frango de corte". Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2005. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/3269.
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Two experiments were carried out to evaluate the use of quaternary ammonia on Salmonella Enteritidis inoculated in eggshell and its penetration capacities, verify the ability to infect the egg inoculated in eggshell, determine embryo mortality, infect hatched chicks and affect incubation parameters of two broiler lines. A total of 302 and 290 fertile eggs of Ross and ISA Label, respectively, were distributed in six treatments: eggs sanitized with placebo (Treatment 1- PC) quaternary ammonia inoculated with Salmonella Enteritidis (Treatment 2-PI); eggs non-sanitized and inoculated placebo (Treatment 3- NPC) with Salmonella Enteritidis (Treatment 4- NPI); eggs inoculated in allantoidal cavity with placebo (Treatment 5-CAC) or Salmonella Enteritidis (Treatment 6- CAI). Immediately after inoculation, the eggs were hatched and embryo mortality was evaluated after 96, 432 and 528 hours. The qualitative results were analyzed by non-parametric tests of chi-square and Kruskall-Wallis. The incubation parameters were not affected when the pathogen was inoculated in eggshell. It was observed that Salmonella Enteritidis inoculated in allantoidal cavity determined late embryo mortality in fast 17,02% and slow growing 13,04% lines, and eggs inoculated in allantoidal cavity originated chicks with high frequency of intestinal colonization by Salmonella Enteritidis of 76,67% and 26,67% Ross and ISA Label, respective.
Foram conduzidos dois experimentos para avaliar os efeitos de quaternários de amônia sobre Salmonella Enteritidis inoculados na casca e a capacidade de penetração deste patógeno na casca e para verificar sua habilidade em infectar os ovos inoculados pela casca e cavidade alantóide, determinar mortalidade embrionária, infectar os pintos eclodidos e afetar os parâmetros de incubação em duas linhagens de frango de corte. Utilizaram-se, respectivamente, 302 e 290 ovos férteis das linhagens Ross e ISA Label, distribuídos em seis tratamentos: ovos sanitizados e inoculados com o placebo (tratamento 1- PC) ou com quaternários de amônio inoculados na casca com Salmonella Enteritidis fagotipo 4 (tratamento 2-PI); ovos não sanitizados e inoculados na casca com placebo (tratamento 3-NPC) ou com Salmonella Enteritidis (tratamento 4-NPI); ovos inoculados na cavidade alantóide com placebo (tratamento 5-CAC) ou com Salmonella Enteritidis (tratamento 6-CAI). Imediatamente após a inoculação, os ovos foram incubados e a mortalidade embrionária avaliada após 96, 432 e 528 horas. As respostas qualitativas foram analisadas pelos testes não paramétricos de qui-quadrado e de Kruskal-Wallis. Constatou-se que a sanitização dos ovos não eliminou a Salmonella Enteritidis inoculada na casca sendo que o agente manteve-se viável na casca durante todo o período de incubação e migrou para o interior dos ovos em três das 20 amostras analisadas. Os parâmetros de incubação não foram afetados quando o patógeno foi inoculado na casca. Constatou-se também que a Salmonella Enteritidis inoculada na cavidade alantóide determinou mortalidade embrionária tardia nas linhagens Ross de 17,02% e ISA Label de 13,04%, assim como os ovos inoculados nesta cavidade originaram pintos com maior freqüência de colonização intestinal pela Salmonella Enteritidis de 76,67% e 26,67% para Ross e ISA Label, respectivamente.
Książki na temat "Label of origin"
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Sylvander, Bertil, i Elizabeth Barham. Labels of origin for food: Local development, global recognition. Cambridge, Mass: CABI, 2011.
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Barham, E., i B. Sylvander, red. Labels of origin for food: local development, global recognition. Wallingford: CABI, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781845933524.0000.
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United States International Trade Commission. Country-of-origin marking: Review of laws, regulations, and practices. Washington, DC: U.S. International Trade Commission, 1996.
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Fink, Moritz. Understanding The Simpsons. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462988316.
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Another book on The Simpsons? you might wonder. Isn’t the yellow cartoon troupe around the eponymous chaotic family somewhat worn-out? Perhaps you even ask yourself whether that nineties’ show is still on the air anyhow. Accolades such as "the best TV show of the twentieth century" or "the longest-running scripted series on American prime-time television" have elevated The Simpsons to the pop culture pantheon, while also suggesting the very vintage character of the program. But the label "The Simpsons" refers not just to a show that seems to belong to a bygone television era, it implies a rich narrative universe, including a set of iconic figures, familiar across continents and generations. Through lens of a transmedia studies, Understanding The Simpsons traces the franchise’s trajectory, from its original conception shaped by alternative media traditions to its astounding, long-lived impact as a cult phenomenon in popular culture. Examining the legacy of online fan forums and bootleg T-shirts from the show’s heyday in the early 1990s, as well as the meaning of The Simpsons in contemporary digital culture, this book demonstrates how one of the most popular comedy series of all time has redefined the intersections between the corporate media and participatory culture – and is alive indeed.
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Rival, Andre. Les aliments sous label -origine securite qualite. France Agricole, 2001.
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Scott, Joseph K., i Mary I. Hayes. Food Labeling: FDA Protections and Country-of-Origin Labels. Nova Science Publishers, Incorporated, 2012.
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Country-of-origin marking: Review of laws, regulations, and practices. Washington, DC: U.S. International Trade Commission, 1996.
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Country-of-origin marking: Review of laws, regulations, and practices. Washington, DC: U.S. International Trade Commission, 1996.
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Country-of-origin marking: Review of laws, regulations, and practices. Washington, DC: U.S. International Trade Commission, 1996.
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Country-of-origin marking: Review of laws, regulations, and practices. Washington, DC: U.S. International Trade Commission, 1996.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaCzęści książek na temat "Label of origin"
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Moodysson, Jerker, i Lionel Sack. "Innovation Under a Protected Label of Origin: Institutional Change in Cognac". W Knowledge and Institutions, 135–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75328-7_7.
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Herz, Marc F., Adamantios Diamantopoulos i Nicole Koschate-Fischer. "The Made-In-Eu Label: An Entitativity Perspective on Country-of-Origin Effects". W Developments in Marketing Science: Proceedings of the Academy of Marketing Science, 380. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10951-0_142.
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Herz, Marc F. "The country-of-origin concept reassessed – The long path from the ‘made-in’ label". W Impulse für die Markenpraxis und Markenforschung, 141–61. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-00427-9_7.
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Flesher Fominaya, Cristina. "Origin Stories". W Democracy Reloaded, 51–71. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190099961.003.0003.
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Part II traces 15-M from its origins to the end of the occupation of Madrid’s central plaza, the Puerta del Sol. The Introduction to Part II argues for the need to distinguish analytically between the original 15-M protest, the 15-M occupation camps of the squares (or acamapadas), and the 15-M movement that adopted this label following the original protests and occupations. Although the three are closely connected, each have distinct features that shape their emergence and evolution. Distinguishing between them allows us to evaluate claims about spontaneity, newness, and the role of digital media and tools in creating new organizing logics of collective action. It also introduces key aspects of the Spanish asambleario autonomous movement culture that deeply influenced the organizational forms and orientations of the 15-M movement.
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Blancaneaux, Romain. "The decline of the French label of origin wine". W Geographical Indication and Global Agri-Food, 118–33. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429470905-8.
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Storey, Damien. "What is eikasia?" W Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy, Volume 58, 19–58. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198858997.003.0002.
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This paper defends a reading of eikasia—the lowest kind of cognition in the Divided Line—as a kind of empirical cognition that Plato appeals to when explaining, among other things, the origin of ethical error. The paper has two central claims. First, eikasia with respect to, for example, goodness or justice is not different in kind to eikasia with respect to purely sensory images like shadows and reflections: the only difference is that in the first case the sensory images include representations of value properties. Second, eikasia is not the bare awareness of images or simply a label for an error (mistaking image for original) but a kind of empirical, image-confined cognition, and one that has an important part to play in characterizing the cognitive abilities of the non-rational parts of the soul.
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Martínez-Ruiz, María Pilar, Ines González-González, Ana Isabel Jiménez-Zarco i Alicia Izquierdo-Yusta. "Private Labels at the Service of Retailers' Image and Competitive Positioning". W Handbook of Research on Strategic Retailing of Private Label Products in a Recovering Economy, 104–25. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0220-3.ch005.
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Since their introduction decades ago by retail companies, private labels have passed through several stages of market penetration and customer acceptance. For retailers, private labels have become valuable instruments for image creation and competitive positioning. They also have been a key factor in facilitating internationalization and the decision to expand to other countries. This chapter traces the evolution of private labels, from their origin to the present, placing emphasis on the strategies that retail distributors use to obtain and maintain competitive positions. As an illustration, the authors examine the case of the Tesco grocery retail chain, following it from its establishment in the United Kingdom to its most recent expansion into South Korea. The case demonstrates the role of private labels in the company´s evolution and international expansion and thus reveals the strategies followed in developed versus developing markets. Deep knowledge of customers, enables companies to obtain a lead position in markets and build an image associated with innovation and added value.
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Moreno-Gavara, Carme, i Ana Isabel Jimenez-Zarco. "Fair Trade and Innovation in the Shopping Channel". W Handbook of Research on Strategic Retailing of Private Label Products in a Recovering Economy, 389–415. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0220-3.ch016.
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The emergence of so-called fair trade has revolutionized the field of commercial distribution. Promoted and managed by Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), fair trade—or also called equitative—is regarded as an initiative to create innovative commercial channels; within which the relationship between the parties is aimed at achieving sustainable development and sustainable supply This chapter highlights the case of Intermon Oxfam, an NGO dedicated to fighting poverty. Their aim is to use effective tools to empower people to eliminate poverty by themselves. They change livelihoods by promoting local development through the production and marketing of local products. In this case Intermon acts as a private label for products of natural origin. These include staple foods from chocolate, coffee, etc. - to fashion products, such as clothes and accessories. The high degree of brand recognition, and images associated with these products have a strong social component while providing credibility and consumer confidence.
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Furas, Yoni. "We the Semites: Reading Ancient History in Mandate Palestine". W Educating Palestine, 151–67. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198856429.003.0006.
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Chapter 5 deals with the representation of antiquity in textbooks, and it shows the resemblances between Arabic and Hebrew textbooks as to their use of the concepts of race and the disparities between them regarding territoriality and identity. Throughout the nineteenth century, new archaeological discoveries uncovered ancient Semitic civilizations, and identified their universal heritage and contribution to humankind. The chapter traces the employment of and engagement with the term ‘Semite’, which was a determinist racial label coined in a scholarly environment where the historicist tradition of the West had merged with biological research about the origin of the species. Further, the chapter explores the racial scientific discourse since the nineteenth century, until the Mandate period in Arab and Jewish historiography. Finally, the chapter illustrates the way in which the Zionist–Palestinian conflict wrote itself into ancient history.
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Claudia Pellicelli, Anna, i Erica Varese. "Tradition and Innovation in the Internationalization of Family Business: A Case Study from the Italian Fashion Industry". W Radio Frequency Identification Applications [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94947.
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The fashion industry is one of the main businesses in the global economy in terms of employment, investment, trade and revenue, and Italian companies are recognized worldwide as representative of cultural heritage, expertise and high-quality standards. The adoption of traceability technologies, such as Radio Frequency Identification (RFId), from the very early stage of the production chain, may help to obtain a more effective process as well as assure the origin of garments, a key aspect in the fashion industry. This chapter presents a case study of Oscalito, an Italian family business that has adopted RFId technology, joining tradition and innovation in its production. We adopt a qualitative case study methodology to explore this experience within its context. Oscalito applies RFId tags to each garment label to ensure complete traceability throughout the production chain for every single item (and not merely by lots), fine-tuned control over the production process, and timely and accurate shipment. Thanks to the application of RFId tags, the production chain is monitored and the Italian origin of the garments is guaranteed. This research has undoubtedly some limitations due to the applied method. Deeper studies are needed in order to check general fashion industry trends regarding the application of RFId technology.
Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Label of origin"
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Haşıloğlu, Selçuk Burak. "Determination of Country of Origin Image with Fuzzy Set Theory". W International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c03.00471.
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As foreign trade has become more spread, the country of production and even the origin of the raw material used in the production has become an important factor. Mentioning the country of origin on the label of the product dates back to World War-I when “Good product sells itself” understanding is dominant. In this study, the image of country of origin was evaluated with fuzzy set theory. Fuzzy sets theory lays foundation for the methods used in the solution of relative and uncertain problems. As image evaluation is a relative issue, these methods were used in our study. The first phase in the study model is data collection. Data collected was used to determine image factors, calculate factor loads (weights) and order alternatives. In the determination of image factors Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping (FCM) method was employed. To calculate factor and alternative weights Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method was used. In the phase of ordering of alternatives which are called product group elements both Fuzzy AHP and TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) method were employed. TOPSIS is based on the main principle of similarity to ideal solution and is employed to solve problem and make decision. In our study FCM, Fuzzy AHP and TOPSIS methods were used in stages, analyses were performed and solutions were developed. In the final part, there are evaluations with regard to which product group will be more effective when which image is minimized.
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Li, Ziwei, Gengyu Lyu i Songhe Feng. "Partial Multi-Label Learning via Multi-Subspace Representation". W Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Seventeenth Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-PRICAI-20}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/362.
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Partial Multi-Label Learning (PML) aims to learn from the training data where each instance is associated with a set of candidate labels, among which only a part of them are relevant. Existing PML methods mainly focus on label disambiguation, while they lack the consideration of noise in the feature space. To tackle the problem, we propose a novel framework named partial multi-label learning via MUlti-SubspacE Representation (MUSER), where the redundant labels together with noisy features are jointly taken into consideration during the training process. Specifically, we first decompose the original label space into a latent label subspace and a label correlation matrix to reduce the negative effects of redundant labels, then we utilize the correlations among features to project the original noisy feature space to a feature subspace to resist the noisy feature information. Afterwards, we introduce a graph Laplacian regularization to constrain the label subspace to keep intrinsic structure among features and impose an orthogonality constraint on the correlations among features to guarantee discriminability of the feature subspace. Extensive experiments conducted on various datasets demonstrate the superiority of our proposed method.
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Chou, Chia-Ching, Shu-Wei Chang i Chuin-Shan Chen. "Alkanethiol Self-Assembled Monolayers on Microcantilever Biosensor". W ASME 2010 First Global Congress on NanoEngineering for Medicine and Biology. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nemb2010-13214.
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Microcantilever-based biosensors are rapidly becoming an enabling sensing technology for a variety of label-free biological applications due to their wide applicability, versatility and low cost. It is thus imperative for us to reveal the physical origin of adsorption-induced deformation, and to further analyze its implication of microscopic mechanisms on macroscopic deformation. In the paper, we study adsorption-induced surface stresses and microcantilever motion in alkanethiolate SAMs on Au surface. We develop a multiscale method that can analyze deformation of micro-cantilever beam subjected to bio-adsorption mechanisms calculated by ab-initio simulation and classical molecular dynamics. The adsorption mechanisms of different SAMs adsorbed on Au(111) surface, in the dry and liquid phase, are studied by ab-initio simulation and the adsorption-induced stresses are calculated through the multiscale method. The results give insight into the atomic forces and positions that play a key role in producing adsorption-induced surface stresses and resultant mechanical bending of microcantilevers.
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Xu, Suping, Lin Shang i Furao Shen. "Latent Semantics Encoding for Label Distribution Learning". W Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/553.
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Label distribution learning (LDL) is a newly arisen learning paradigm to deal with label ambiguity problems, which can explore the relative importance of different labels in the description of a particular instance. Although some existing LDL algorithms have achieved better effectiveness in real applications, most of them typically emphasize on improving the learning ability by manipulating the label space, while ignoring the fact that irrelevant and redundant features exist in most practical classification learning tasks, which increase not only storage requirements but also computational overheads. Furthermore, noises in data acquisition will bring negative effects on the generalization performance of LDL algorithms. In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm, i.e., Latent Semantics Encoding for Label Distribution Learning (LSE-LDL), which learns the label distribution and implements feature selection simultaneously under the guidance of latent semantics. Specifically, to alleviate noise disturbances, we seek and encode discriminative original physical/chemical features into advanced latent semantic features, and then construct a mapping from the encoded semantic space to the label space via empirical risk minimization. Empirical studies on 15 real-world data sets validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
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Zdrilić, Ivica, Ivan Župan i Fiona Dadić. "Utjecaj oznaka izvornosti na povećanje kvalitete i prepoznatljivosti lokalnih proizvoda". W Kvaliteta-jučer, danas, sutra (Quality-yesterday, today, tomorrow), redaktor Miroslav Drljača. Croatian Quality Managers Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52730/jsbs5369.
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Sažetak: Kvaliteta proizvoda jedan je od glavnih kriterija stjecanja kompetitivnih prednosti u odnosu na konkurenciju. Pri tome oznake kvalitete mogu biti način komuniciranja između proizvoda i kupca. Više istraživanja provedenih među potencijalnim kupcima je pokazalo kako su ispitanici spremni platiti više za proizvod koji im nudi veću kvalitetu. Uvođenjem oznaka zemljopisnog podrijetla potiče se ruralno gospodarstvo te tako pridonosi povećanju prihoda poljoprivrednika te zadržavanju stanovništva u udaljenim područjima i područjima s otežanim uvjetima gospodarenja. Na taj se način povećava i tržišna vrijednost proizvoda gospodarskih subjekata jer se jamči njihova posebnost u odnosu na druge slične proizvode ili prehrambene proizvode. Osim toga, zahvaljujući uvođenju oznake zemljopisnog podrijetla kupci mogu donositi odluku o kupnji na temelju jasnih informacija o posebnim svojstvima proizvoda koje kupuju. Na razini Europske unije razlikuju se tri oznake: „zaštićena oznaka izvornosti“, „zaštićena oznake zemljopisnog podrijetla“ i „zajamčeno tradicionalni specijaliteti“.Oznaka izvornosti ili kvalitete je alat marketinškog pristupa jer su kupci spremni platiti nešto više za proizvod koji im jamči kvalitetu, ali i alat za ruralni razvoj zbog činjenice da se oznaka zemljopisnog podrijetla ne može premjestiti na drugo područje pa daje dodatnu vrijednost ruralnom području zbog kojeg je proizvod zaštićen. U empirijskom dijelu ovog rada autori su proveli istraživanje tržišne prepoznatljivosti „Novigradske dagnje“ na uzorku od 574 ispitanika. Rezultati istraživanja, korišteni su za slijedeći korak definiranja strateškog pozicioniranja proizvoda „Novigradske dagnje“ u cilju postizanja ekonomskih i ostalih pozitivnih učinaka. Stoga se povezanost marikulture, poljoprivredne proizvodnje i turizma nameće kao slijedeći korak kroz održivi turizam. Održivi turizam je u prvom redu usmjeren na povećanje zadovoljstva turista te društveno-ekonomske koristi, očuvanje prirodne i kulturne baštine i snižavanje negativnih utjecaja turizma na lokalnu zajednicu u cjelini. Abstract: Product quality is one of the main criteria for gaining competitive advantage over the competition. In doing so, quality labels can be a way of communication between the product and the customer. Several researches conducted among potential customers has demonstrated that respondents are willing to pay more for a product that offers them higher quality. The introduction of geographical origin indications encourages the rural economy and thus contributes to increase of the farmers’ income of and retention of the population in remote areas and areas with difficult conditions of economy. In this way, the market value of the products of economic operators is increased because their uniqueness in relation to other similar products or food products is guaranteed. In addition, thanks to the introduction of the geographical origin indication, customers can make a purchase decision based on clear information about the specific characteristics of the products they buy. Three designations are discerned at the level of European Union: “Protected Designation of Origin” (PDO), “Protected Geographical Indication” (PGI) and “Traditional Specialties Guaranteed” (TSG). Label of origin or quality is a tool of marketing approach because customers are willing to pay more for a product that guarantees quality to them, but also a tool for rural development due to the fact that the geographical origin indication cannot be transferred to another area and provides added value to rural areas which makes the product protected. The authors have conducted in the empirical part of this paper a study of market recognition of “Novigrad mussels” on a sample of 574 respondents. The results of the research were used for the next step of defining the strategic positioning of the product “Novigrad mussels” in order to achieve economic and other positive effects. Therefore, the connection between mariculture, agricultural production and tourism is imposed as the next step through sustainable tourism. Sustainable tourism is primarily aimed at increasing tourist satisfaction and socio-economic benefits, preserving natural and cultural heritage and reducing the negative impacts of tourism on the local community as a whole.
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Jain, Arjit, Pranay Reddy Samala, Preethi Jyothi, Deepak Mittal i Maneesh Singh. "Perturb, Predict & Paraphrase: Semi-Supervised Learning using Noisy Student for Image Captioning". W Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-21}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/105.
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Recent semi-supervised learning (SSL) methods are predominantly focused on multi-class classification tasks. Classification tasks allow for easy mixing of class labels during augmentation which does not trivially extend to structured outputs such as word sequences that appear in tasks like image captioning. Noisy Student Training is a recent SSL paradigm proposed for image classification that is an extension of self-training and teacher-student learning. In this work, we provide an in-depth analysis of the noisy student SSL framework for the task of image captioning and derive state-of-the-art results. The original algorithm relies on computationally expensive data augmentation steps that involve perturbing the raw images and computing features for each perturbed image. We show that, even in the absence of raw image augmentation, the use of simple model and feature perturbations to the input images for the student model are beneficial to SSL training. We also show how a paraphrase generator could be effectively used for label augmentation to improve the quality of pseudo labels and significantly improve performance. Our final results in the limited labeled data setting (1% of the MS-COCO labeled data) outperform previous state-of-the-art approaches by 2.5 on BLEU4 and 11.5 on CIDEr scores.
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Zhang, Hao, Liangxiao Jiang i Wenqiang Xu. "Multiple Noisy Label Distribution Propagation for Crowdsourcing". W Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/204.
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Crowdsourcing services provide a fast, efficient, and cost-effective means of obtaining large labeled data for supervised learning. Ground truth inference, also called label integration, designs proper aggregation strategies to infer the unknown true label of each instance from the multiple noisy label set provided by ordinary crowd workers. However, to the best of our knowledge, nearly all existing label integration methods focus solely on the multiple noisy label set itself of the individual instance while totally ignoring the intercorrelation among multiple noisy label sets of different instances. To solve this problem, a multiple noisy label distribution propagation (MNLDP) method is proposed in this study. MNLDP first transforms the multiple noisy label set of each instance into its multiple noisy label distribution and then propagates its multiple noisy label distribution to its nearest neighbors. Consequently, each instance absorbs a fraction of the multiple noisy label distributions from its nearest neighbors and yet simultaneously maintains a fraction of its own original multiple noisy label distribution. Promising experimental results on simulated and real-world datasets validate the effectiveness of our proposed method.
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Wei, Tong, Wei-Wei Tu i Yu-Feng Li. "Learning for Tail Label Data: A Label-Specific Feature Approach". W Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/533.
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Tail label data (TLD) is prevalent in real-world tasks, and large-scale multi-label learning (LMLL) is its major learning scheme. Previous LMLL studies typically need to additionally take into account extensive head label data (HLD), and thus fail to guide the learning behavior of TLD. In many applications such as recommender systems, however, the prediction of tail label is very necessary, since it provides very important supplementary information. We call this kind of problem as \emph{tail label learning}. In this paper, we propose a novel method for the tail label learning problem. Based on the observation that the raw feature representation in LMLL data usually benefits HLD, which may not be suitable for TLD, we construct effective and rich label-specific features through exploring labeled data distribution and leveraging label correlations. Specifically, we employ clustering analysis to explore discriminative features for each tail label replacing the original high-dimensional and sparse features. In addition, due to the scarcity of positive examples of TLD, we encode knowledge from HLD by exploiting label correlations to enhance the label-specific features. Experimental results verify the superiority of the proposed method in terms of performance on TLD.
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Wang, Ke, i Xin Geng. "Discrete Binary Coding based Label Distribution Learning". W Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/518.
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Label Distribution Learning (LDL) is a general learning paradigm in machine learning, which includes both single-label learning (SLL) and multi-label learning (MLL) as its special cases. Recently, many LDL algorithms have been proposed to handle different application tasks such as facial age estimation, head pose estimation and visual sentiment distributions prediction. However, the training time complexity of most existing LDL algorithms is too high, which makes them unapplicable to large-scale LDL. In this paper, we propose a novel LDL method to address this issue, termed Discrete Binary Coding based Label Distribution Learning (DBC-LDL). Specifically, we design an efficiently discrete coding framework to learn binary codes for instances. Furthermore, both the pair-wise semantic similarities and the original label distributions are integrated into this framework to learn highly discriminative binary codes. In addition, a fast approximate nearest neighbor (ANN) search strategy is utilized to predict label distributions for testing instances. Experimental results on five real-world datasets demonstrate its superior performance over several state-of-the-art LDL methods with the lower time cost.
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Li, Qian, Qingyuan Hu, Yong Qi, Saiyu Qi, Jie Ma i Jian Zhang. "Stochastic Batch Augmentation with An Effective Distilled Dynamic Soft Label Regularizer". W Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Seventeenth Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-PRICAI-20}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/324.
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Data augmentation have been intensively used in training deep neural network to improve the generalization, whether in original space (e.g., image space) or representation space. Although being successful, the connection between the synthesized data and the original data is largely ignored in training, without considering the distribution information that the synthesized samples are surrounding the original sample in training. Hence, the behavior of the network is not optimized for this. However, that behavior is crucially important for generalization, even in the adversarial setting, for the safety of the deep learning system. In this work, we propose a framework called Stochastic Batch Augmentation (SBA) to address these problems. SBA stochastically decides whether to augment at iterations controlled by the batch scheduler and in which a ''distilled'' dynamic soft label regularization is introduced by incorporating the similarity in the vicinity distribution respect to raw samples. The proposed regularization provides direct supervision by the KL-Divergence between the output soft-max distributions of original and virtual data. Our experiments on CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100, and ImageNet show that SBA can improve the generalization of the neural networks and speed up the convergence of network training.
Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Label of origin"
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Pavlyuk, Ihor. MEDIACULTURE AS A NECESSARY FACTOR OF THE CONSERVATION, DEVELOPMENT AND TRANSFORMATION OF ETHNIC AND NATIONAL IDENTITY. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, luty 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.49.11071.
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The article deals with the mental-existential relationship between ethnoculture, national identity and media culture as a necessary factor for their preservation, transformation, on the example of national original algorithms, matrix models, taking into account global tendencies and Ukrainian archetypal-specific features in Ukraine. the media actively serve the domestic oligarchs in their information-virtual and real wars among themselves and the same expansive alien humanitarian acts by curtailing ethno-cultural programs-projects on national radio, on television, in the press, or offering the recipient instead of a pop pointer, without even communicating to the audience the information stipulated in the media laws − information support-protection-development of ethno-culture national product in the domestic and foreign/diaspora mass media, the support of ethnoculture by NGOs and the state institutions themselves. In the context of the study of the cultural national socio-humanitarian space, the article diagnoses and predicts the model of creating and preserving in it the dynamic equilibrium of the ethno-cultural space, in which the nation must remember the struggle for access to information and its primary sources both as an individual and the state as a whole, culture the transfer of information, which in the process of globalization is becoming a paramount commodity, an egregore, and in the post-traumatic, interrupted-compensatory cultural-information space close rehabilitation mechanisms for national identity to become a real factor in strengthening the state − and vice versa in the context of adequate laws («Law about press and other mass media», Law «About printed media (press) in Ukraine», Law «About Information», «Law about Languages», etc.) and their actual effect in creating motivational mechanisms for preserving/protecting the Ukrainian language, as one of the main identifiers of national identity, information support for its expansion as labels cultural and geostrategic areas.