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Di, Franco Eugenio. "Impact de la pollution sonore sur les juvéniles de sparidés méditerranéens". Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021COAZ4089.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe underwater marine environment is full of sounds which are used by marine animals for many essential activities (e.g., communication, orientation, feeding). Since the industrial revolution, human activities at sea have been ever increasing, inducing the production of sounds underwater. Anthropogenic marine noise pollution (MNP) is defined as the introduction in the environment of sounds producing deleterious effects on marine life. The impacts of MNP have been traditionally studied on marine mammals and more recently on fishes and invertebrates. These studies, mostly conducted on adult individuals, highlighted multiple negative impacts of MNP ranging from mild behavioral or physiological changes up to internal or external injuries and even death. However, there are still important knowledge gaps to fill to better understand the impacts of MNP from single organisms up to entire ecosystems, also implying to develop new indicators and biomarkers of MNP-related disturbance.The aims of the present thesis are: 1) to review the existing information and knowledge gaps about the impact of MNP on fishes and invertebrates in a MNP hotspot represented by the Mediterranean Sea; 2) to assess the relationships between MNP and multiple bio-ecological variables related to settlers of sparid fishes (Pisces: Sparidae) directly in the field. More specifically, 4 locations corresponding to settlement habitats of sparid fishes across a MNP gradient in the French Riviera (NW Mediterranean Sea) have been investigated. Hydrophones have been used in combination with photo-sampling to characterize the MNP in each location. Then, visual censuses have been performed to assess the putative relationships between MNP and the assemblage structure of sparid settlers, single species density and schooling behavior. Finally, specimens of Diplodus sargus and Oblada melanura have been collected to investigate relations between MNP and growth, otolith shape, feeding behavior, microplastic ingestion and energy reserves.The review of the bibliography highlighted multiple gaps in the available knowledge (e.g. few studies have been conducted directly in the field and even less assessed impacts on early life stages) which needed to be filled to better understand the impact of MNP on marine life in the Mediterranean Sea. The results of visual censuses revealed a significant relationship between MNP and the assemblage of sparid settlers, with the density of one species decreasing with increasing MNP, while the density of the other species increased or did not change. The analyses performed on the collected specimens highlighted that MNP does not affect individual growth, while it may modify the shape of otoliths, feeding habits as well as the ingestion of microplastics. Also, some preliminary analyses have been conducted on energy metabolism and schooling behavior, but they require deeper investigations to draw more robust conclusions. Overall, these results led to the hypothesis that the shallow depth of settlement habitats (especially for Diplodus species) may reduce MNP. Nevertheless, some results suggest that sparid settlers might still be affected by MNP.Because settlement is one of the most crucial phases in the life history of sparid fishes, understanding the possible impacts of MNP on settlers is of paramount importance to better understand population persistence and dynamics, which may ultimately affect whole communities and ecosystems. This thesis, therefore, offers new tools, ideas, and perspectives to better understand how MNP may affect early life stages of coastal fishes
Ventura, Raphaël. "Estimation de la pollution sonore en milieu urbain par assimilation d'observations mobiles". Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS387.
Pełny tekst źródłaNoise pollution is a major environmental health problems, and the determination of populations exposure is needed. This can be done through noise mapping. Usually, maps are simulation-based, and subject to high uncertainties. Observational data is distributed in space and time and hence conveys information that is complementary to simulation data. In this thesis, we propose data assimilation methods that allow one to merge prior noise maps issued by numerical simulation with phone-acquired (via the Ambiciti app) noise observations. We run a performance analysis that addresses the range, accuracy, precision and reproducibility of measurements. Conclusions of this evaluation lead us to the proposition of a calibration strategy that has been embedded in Ambiciti. The result of the prior map and observations merging is called an analysis, and is designed to have minimum error variance, based on the respective uncertainties of both data sources that we evaluated: spatial correlations for the prior error; measurement errors, time and location representativeness for the observations. We address the estimation problem on two different scales. The first method relies on the so-called ``best linear unbiased estimator''. It produces hourly noise maps, based on temporally averaged simulation maps and mobile phone audio data recorded at the neighborhood scale. The second method leverages the crowd-sensed Ambiciti user data available throughout the covered city. The observations set must be filtered and pre-processed, in order to only select the ones that were generated in adequate conditions. The prior simulation map is then corrected in a global fashion
KERN, THIERRY. "Les effets extra-auditifs du bruit sur la sante : etat des connaissances en 1994". Strasbourg 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994STR15098.
Pełny tekst źródłaNicolas, Jean-Pierre. "Ville, transports et environnement. Contributions relatives des parametres du trafic routier affectant la pollution sonore et atmospherique en milieu urbain". Lyon 2, 1996. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00267185.
Pełny tekst źródłaMotorised road traffic - cars and lorries together - and its related nuisances increase regularly : land occupation, eviction of other activities and types of mobility, safety issues, congestion, noise and atmospheric pollution. . . In france, the road traffic increase was 50% over 15 years - from 320 billions of vehicles kilometers in 1980 to 487 in 1994. The urban part of this traffic follows the same trend, accounting for 27 to 28% of all. The two principal aims of this theses are, on one hand, the evaluation of the share of road traffic in noise and atmospheric pollution in cities and, in the other hand, the evaluation of respective shares of the main characteristics of the traffic in its own emissions (total trafic - ie. Veh. Km -, state of the congestion, technological characteristics of the vehicles). Two methodological ways are used. Firstly, a general approach of the social and economic context - but also technical and scientific - gives an idea of the stakes. Secondly, a specific tool is developped to show the influences of the 3 characteristics of the traffic on emissions. We use an assigment model applied to lyon in 1990, 1994, 2000 and 2010
Le, Nost Guillaume. "Contribution à l'étude de l'impact environnemental sonore des sites industriels : une typologie perceptive de sources de bruit". Lyon, INSA, 2007. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2007ISAL0040/these.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaLndustrial noise sources are various and may cause annoyance a round industrial sites, especially when the installations work 24 hours a day. To better understand the environmental impact of permanent industrial sources, a first step consists in creating a perceptual typology of these sources. This typology will be used in future laboratory studies in arder to assess the relative annoyance of industrial noise sources. Based on a bibliographical study, a physical classification of major industrial sources has been drawn up. A recording campaign was set up, aiming at collecting each noise source separately in the proximity of the source in arder to a void unwanted noises. Seventy sources were recorded with a stereophonie system (ORTF technique), mainly on French electricity production sites. Sound stimuli are created by filtering the recordings in arder to simulate the sound attenuation between the on-site recording point and another point which would representa dwelling located further away from the source. The filters are calculated with third octave definition by a sound propagation software,based on ISO 9613, which takes into account the influence of distance, atmosphere and ground effects. For a giver test-case, the constructed stimuli are compared with real recordings to confirm the choice of propagation parameters for the calculation o filters. A listening test using these stimuli is set up in laboratory conditions in arder to obtain perceptual groups of sources. Results show th at several functional types of sources are perceptually relevant
Nicolas, Jean-Pierre. "Ville, transports et environnement. Contributions relatives des paramètres du trafic routier affectant la pollution sonore et atmosphérique en milieu urbain". Phd thesis, Université Lumière - Lyon II, 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00267185.
Pełny tekst źródłaL'objectif de cette thèse est de mieux se rendre compte d'une part du poids relatifs des émissions polluantes et sonores du trafic routier sur l'environnement et le cadre de vie urbain, d'autre part du poids relatif des caractéristiques du trafic routier dans ses émissions (niveau global du trafic, conditions générales de circulation, caractéristiques technologiques des véhicules).
D'un point de vue méthodologique, deux démarches ont été privilégiées. D'une part une réflexion générale a permis de mieux situer le contexte économique et social, mais aussi technique et scientifique dans lequel le travail s'inscrit. Un premier bilan statique permet ainsi de donner une idée des enjeux actuels liés aux émissions polluantes et sonores du trafic routier en milieu urbain. Chacun des 3 facteurs considérés comme affectant les émissions du trafic (Cf. ci-dessus) a également fait l'objet de ce type d'investigation. D'autre part un outil spécifique a du être développé pour mettre en évidence les liens existants entre les paramètres descriptifs du trafic et ses émissions polluantes et sonores. Nous avons utilisé un modèle d'affectation du trafic appliqué à l'agglomération lyonnaise en 1990, 1994, 2000 et 2010. Les résultats d'affectation obtenus ont permis d'établir des indicateurs de niveaux de pollution liée à la route, compte tenu d'hypothèses sur les relations entre les conditions de circulation et les émissions ainsi que sur la composition du trafic.
Jaworski, Véronique. "Les bruits de voisinage : éléments juridiques des politiques de lutte au regard de l'état actuel de l'environnement sonore et de son évolution". Strasbourg 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000STR30010.
Pełny tekst źródłaNoise has become the first pollution in everyday life. It affects man in his most treasured possession: health and quality of life. But the fight against neighburhood noise changes slowly, due to its low political priority and to its unclear objectives. However, legal tools and institutions are numerous and are developing. Many statutory and regulatory provisions deal with this problem in the area of transport, city planning, activities and noisy objects. The passing of a special law, dated december 31, 1992, relating to noise prevention, gives priority to prevention, control and monitoring actions, to the new basic principles of overall noise pollution prevention policies. But this framework law is simply an addition to existing texts scattered in differents codes and laws. It does not fix any of the law's inadequacies, which law remains heterogeneous and complex, and difficult to implement. Noise pollution prevention should be perceived by all as a major challenge, which should be part of overall long-term policies. Faced with this pollution, which often leads to difficult to repair damage or generates inextricable situations, prevention should be preferred. The profusion of applicable rules in the area of noise tends to institute a modus vivendi in neighbourhoods. Even so, it may be necessary to react to a breach of a neighbour's peace, using liability and criminal and/or civil sanctions. Both main lines of the legal fight against noise are prevention and sanctioning, and can, in the framework of overall anti-noise policies, be combined, successive simultaneous to, or supplement one another
Charifi, Mohcine. "Etude de l’impact de la pollution sonore chez un invertébré marin, l’huître Magallana gigas : approches écophysiologique, écotoxicologique et éthologique au laboratoire et sur le terrain". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0154/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaHuman activities introduce multiple harmful pressures on the marine ecosystem. Chemical pollution, climate change, acidification risk, plastic debris and radioactive wastes have significant effects on marine wildlife. Noise pollution is now recognized as a major source of pollution at sea. Seismic exploration, pile driving and marine traffic, among other activities, generate noise at high sound pressure levels altering the underwater acoustic landscape. Many marine mammals and fish hear the noise generated by these activities which have the potential to alter their physiology and ethology. However, very few studies among marine invertebrates had assessed their ability to hear and the impact of noise pollution on them has yet to be determined. We approached the problem by studying sound perception ability in the pacific oyster Magallana gigas using behavioural and physiological techniques. We have shown that M. gigas is sensitive to sound in the frequency range from 10 to 1000 Hz. This characterization allowed us to define sound sources that contribute to their sound landscape. In the laboratory, in an environment contaminated with (i) cadmium, a metal that we considered to be both a toxic agent and an indirect marker of ventilatory activity, and (ii) cargo ship noise, we showed a depressant or repressant effect of noise characterized by a decrease in valve activity, ventilatory activity and growth rate. We also report a decrease in Cd bioaccumulation and some modulation of gene expression. Finally, we studied a 2-year behavioural record performed in the commercial port of Santander (including spawning events and growth) on 3 groups of oysters exposed to high noise pressure levels. In the port of Santander, the "water quality" is otherwise considered by the literature as good to very good for a heavily modified water body. We found in these records different changes that we previously induced and/or produced in the laboratory. We conclude that the noise pollution load occurring within a commercial port must reduce the fitness of oysters by modifying their valve activity, the hierarchy of their biological rhythms and their growth rate. Our results strongly suggest that noise pollution can have significant consequences on invertebrates and presents a high risk in terms of ecosystem productivity
Geissner, Emilie. "Perception du bruit extérieur d'un véhicule urbain de livraison". Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00131513.
Pełny tekst źródłaAwan, Faraz Malik. "Towards synthetic sensing for smart cities : a machine/deep learning-based approach". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022IPPAS006.
Pełny tekst źródłaWe worked on one of the most significant research directions in Smart City, i.e., Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). ITS encapsulates several domains, such as electronic vehicles notification systems, traffic information, smart parking, and environment. However, in this thesis, we target two of its important domains; i) Smart Parking, and ii) Road Traffic. We started our research with Smart Parking use case. Performing literature review, we realized that different Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) approaches have been used for smart parking solutions. In most of these proposed approaches, enclosed parking areas were targeted with different feature sets to predict the "occupancy rate" in parking areas. It inspired us to conduct a comparative analysis to answer following questions; Given the parking prediction use case, how do the traditional ML models perform as compared to complex DL models? Provided big data, can less complex, traditional ML models outperform complex DL models? How well these models can perform to predict the availability of the individual on-street parking spots rather than predicting the overall occupancy rate of an enclosed parking area. To answer these questions, we choose five well-known classical ML algorithms (K-Nearest Neighbours, Random Forest, Decision Tree) and DL algorithm (Multilayer Perceptron). To take our investigation into depth, we train Ensemble Learning Model, in which we combine all the above-mentioned ML and DL models. A huge parking dataset of city of Santander, Spain, has been used which consists of around 25 million records. We also propose to recommend available parking spots based on the current location of the driver. Moving forward with our research goals, we performed literature review on road traffic and found road traffic associated with air pollution and noise pollution often. However, to the best of our knowledge, air pollution & noise pollution have never been use d in traffic prediction problem. In this part of our research, firstly we used air pollution (CO, NO, NO2, NOx, and O3) along with the atmospheric variables, such as wind speed, wind direction, temperature, and pressure to improve the traffic forecasting in the city of Madrid. This successful experiment motivated us to extend our investigation to another factor, which is also strongly correlated with road traffic i.e., noise pollution. Hence, as an extension of our previous work, in this part of our research, we use noise pollution to improve the traffic prediction in the city of Madrid
Forget, Sandra. "Reconstruction des champs acoustiques sur structure à géométrie complexe en environnement non contrôlé, hiérarchisation de sources et corrélation éléments finis : Application sur un Groupe Moto Propulseur d’automobile". Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEI122.
Pełny tekst źródłaTo limit the sound pollution and to meet customer requirements, the automotive sector is constrained for the next decade to drastically reduce the noise emissions of its vehicles. The powertrain is one of the main sources of noise and expensive workaround will not be sufficient in the future to meet acoustic standards. The optimization of the vibro-acoustic behavior of such structures by a detailed design work remains the best way. In this context, engineers are looking for an efficient and relevant experimental noise source identification and characterization method. In this sense, the main expectation is the precise reconstruction of all the acoustic source fields on geometrically complex structures and in the presence of a restrictive and uncontrolled industrial environment. In the continuity of the u-iPTF method (inverse Patch Transfer Functions) previously developed, the first part of this PhD work was to standardize the principle of the virtual acoustic volume on which it relies and to propose the development of an alternative method, called m-iPTF, whose theoretical principle allows reaching all the specifications of the industrial partner. Indeed, contrary to the u-IPTF method, the m-iPTF method overcomes the measurement of air particles velocity, expensive and not yet robust, and uses acoustic pressure only. A first numerical study framed the scope of validity and application of the method. It was followed by three experimental campaigns of increasing complexity with a final application in industrial standard conditions, i.e. a powertrain running on a test bench. All these studies have demonstrated the suitability of the method in an industrial environment and illustrated the potential of the 3D reconstruction of parietal fields for the optimization of complex structures (discrimination and ranking of noise sources, correlation and coupling with numerical simulations...)
Buchot, Nathalie. "La mobilité contextuelle à l’épreuve de la mobilité résidentielle contrainte : dans le cadre de la rénovation urbaine des quartiers d’habitat social à Angers et à Trélazé". Thesis, Le Mans, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LEMA3005/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaLiving in one place also implies mobility. This hypothesis was developed over 15 years’experience accompanying the underprivileged in housing issues and lies at the basis ofthe present study, which examines the effects, obstacles and levers involved in restrictedresidential mobility in residential neighborhoods of the National Agency for Urban Renewal(Agence Nationale de Rénovation Urbaine – ANRU) in Angers and Trélazé (France). Lookingat our results in the light of contextual mobility, the close relationship between man andnature becomes apparent. Indeed, the cognitive process connecting mobility and residencecan only take place within a reassuring and calming environment. On the other hand, livingin degraded, depreciated social housing clearly hinders this process. The present study onforced relocation thus demonstrates the need for combining urban planning, social andenvironmental approaches in policymaking
Constante, Marcelo Segala. "O direito ao meio ambiente equilibrado e a criação de espaços públicos para regrar a polução sonora veicular". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UCS, 2018. https://repositorio.ucs.br/handle/11338/3561.
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Environmental pollution has been increasingly present in people's lives in many ways, from the most obvious to the most obscure. Rampant production of noise is one of the forms of pollution that seriously affects people's quality of life. Sound pollution is a form of pollution that causes an impact in a way that few realize. Firstly, because its damages are not perceptible, because it is not recognized by the courts as environmental pollution, and because it does not receive the necessary attention from the public bodies that should act in its containment. One of the forms of noise pollution that is most present in people's lives, due to the process of evolution of technology and also because of the hyperconsumismo that is observed today, is the vehicular noise pollution, produced through sound equipment installed in motor vehicles . This form of noise propagation is perceived in an increasingly broader way in the urban environment, if it shows a very present propagating medium of noise of the modern society. Since it has a regulation that leaves the field of environmental law, it does not receive the correct service. in addition, what is observed are the municipal laws leaving to regulate this important subject, that ends directly affect the quality of life of the citizens. The city master plans regulate land subdivision and land use patterns, but they do not address the need to zonate areas of greatest impact from noise pollution and provide sites that are capable of receiving certain types of typical and common activities of modern society , such as the noise pollution of sound equipment of motor vehicles, thus leading to noise production by these equipments. This paper discusses problems related to vehicular noise pollution, starting from the study of legislation on the subject, addressing judicial decisions through quantitative and qualitative research of jurisprudence of the Court of Justice of Rio Grande do Sul, and why it is so present in society Modern. Through the hypothetical deductive method and the bibliographical and documentary research, it will be analyzed also the policies adopted in the city of Caxias do Sul, some policies adopted in other countries, showing how the city of Lisbon, in Portugal, dealt with the subject in an efficient way , and how urban law could be one of the forms of containment of this type of noise pollution that affects the quality of life of society.
Crispim, Deise da Costa. "PoluiÃÃo sonora na escola:perceber, apreciar, conscientizar e reciclar sons para musicalizar". Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2016. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=19241.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis work is represented by a pedagogical proposal and takes music education as object of study, as far as musicalization is concerned, and it also takes noise pollution as its starting point. For this reason, this work exposes, reflects, reports and proposes activities related to the subject, using it as a tool of perception, appreciation, awareness and music learning by means of sounds. It addresses relevant questions about the soundscape by bringing music educators, such as Schafer, Swanwick and Fonterrada, and by dialoguing and reflecting on the process of music teaching and learning. Concurrently, this work brings an account of music teaching in the following municipal schools: Professor BeriloWanderley and Professora Emilia Ramos, in Natal, Rio Grande do Norte. The starting point of this account was the noise pollution, which was represented differently in each municipal school. The experiences and activities developed in this pedagogical proposal were obtained by means of a research project, in a qualitative approach in which materials such as recordings, films, interviews, theoretical musical activities and practices, dynamics were broadly used, among other teaching resources designed to construct and obtain corroborative data described herein.
Nakhli, Abdelghani. "La mobilité urbaine à Marrakech : enjeux et perspectives". Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BOR30007/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaTo drive and to walk in Marrakesh is very demanding. Main issues concerns mobility, parking and public transport. The global approach on urban transportation also concerns the freely flowing, the safety of the users, the quality of life as well as the sound and air pollutions. Therefore, urban mobility is a current and a future issue in the city of Marrakesh. Moreover, the concept of urban mobility is a relevant indicator of the urban policy of a city. How do the unhabitants daily move in their city? More precisely, who moves and what are the reasons that lead people to move? What is the frequency of these moves and what is the price to pay for moving? Five millions of daily trips are counted in Marrakesh. These daily trips share out like this way: 60% are on-foot trips, 21% are two-wheels trips, 15% are car trips and 4% are public transport trips. The paradox consists in this sharing already causes problems of traffic jam and insecurity of the roads. How Marrakech has led to this point? What kind of measures have been chosen to improve urban mobility in Marrakesh? Are there other suggestions that could make the parking, the driving and the transportation to get better?
Houot, Hélène. "Approche géographique des nuisances sonores urbaines : méthodologie d'aide à la prise en compte des nuisances sonores en aménagement urbain : application à la ville de Besançon". Besançon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BESA1018.
Pełny tekst źródłaBuchot, Nathalie. "La mobilité contextuelle à l'épreuve de la mobilité résidentielle contrainte : dans le cadre de la rénovation urbaine des quartiers d'habitat social à Angers et à Trélazé". Phd thesis, Université du Maine, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00770299.
Pełny tekst źródłaGazzoni, Fernando Estevam. "Medidor de pressão e dose sonora". Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2009. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1334.
Pełny tekst źródłaO estudo dos sons e a influência que ele exerce nos seres humanos foi intensificado nas últimas décadas devido ao grande número de veículos e indústrias nos centros das grandes cidades. O equipamento usado para caracterizar o som e verificar se ele está dentro dos padrões técnicos é o medidor de intensidade sonora ou sonômetro. As normas permitem que sejam comercializados desde equipamentos que medem apenas o nível de pressão sonora até equipamentos que além do nível de pressão sonora mostram seu espectro em freqüência e pressão média a que um operador foi exposto durante a jornada de trabalho. No Brasil, a maioria dos sonômetros comercializados que não medem apenas a pressão sonora normalmente são importados. O presente trabalho visa criar um protótipo de sonômetro capaz de medir a pressão sonora, caracterizar o sinal medido na freqüência e calcular a dose a que um indivíduo é exposto. Foi desenvolvido um sonômetro do tipo 2 com curvas de resposta lenta, rápida e impulsiva, com análise espectral em freqüência usando filtros de banda de oitava e com curvas de ponderação A e C. Os testes do software desenvolvido e da resposta do circuito montado foram realizados usando a curva de ponderação C, que é quase linear e por isso melhor para verificar a resposta em freqüência do circuito eletrônico projetado. A captura das medidas com curvas de ponderação A. Nos testes de dose de ruído foi usada a curva de ponderação A. Para testes usando ondas periódicas os resultados obtidos com o sonômetro usando as curvas de resposta lenta, rápida e impulsiva apresentaram resultados iguais, conforme esperado pela norma IEC 651. O firmware apresentou boa resolução em freqüência nos testes e respondeu de forma eficiente à variação de amplitude e freqüência do sinal sonoro de entrada. Os testes de bancada foram realizados comparando o resultado do protótipo com um sonômetro comercial e a medida de alguns sinais sonoros apresentou diferença elevada entre seus valores mínimo e máximo. Esse erro deve-se ao ruído de fundo da sala de testes, do microfone utilizado e dos erros intrínsecos ao processo da Transformada Rápida de Fourier (FFT), tais como espalhamento espectral devido à descontinuidade do início e fim da janela de amostragem, número de amostras da janela. O uso do filtro de decimação intensificou os erros ao redor da freqüência de 250Hz. A dose de ruído calculada pelo sonômetro foi proporcional ao aumento da intensidade sonora da fonte, conforme registrado pelo dosímetro comercial, porém sempre registrando um valor maior que o esperado.
The study of sounds and the influence it exerts in humans has intensified in recent decades due to the large number of vehicles and industries in the centers of large cities. The equipment used to characterize the sound and compare if it is within the technical standards is the sound intensity meter or sound level meter. The standards allow marketed since equipment that only measure the sound pressure level to equipment that show pressure level spectrum in frequency and mean pressure to which an operator was exposed during the workday. In Brazil, most sound level meters marketed that measure the sound pressure, the others are usually imported. The present work aims to create a prototype of sound level meters capable of measuring the sound pressure, characterize the signal measured in the frequency and calculate the dose to which an individual is exposed. We developed a sonometer type 2 with slow, fast and impulsive response curves, with spectral analysis using frequency filters and octave band weighting curves A and C. The testing software developed and the response of the developed circuit were performed using the C weighting curve, which is almost linear and therefore best to check the frequency response of the electronic circuit designed. In tests of noise dose and sound pressure level was used weighting curve A. For tests using periodic waves the results obtained with the sound level meter using the response curves of slow, fast and impulsive showed similar results, as expected by IEC 651. The firmware had good resolution in frequency in testing and responded efficiently to fluctuations in the amplitude and frequency of the sound signal input. The bench tests were performed comparing the results of the prototype with a marketed sonometer and some measure of sounds presented high difference in their minimum and maximum values. This error is due to the background noise of the testing room, the microphone used and the errors inherent to the process of fast Fourier transform (FFT), such as spread spectrum due to the discontinuity at the beginning and end of the sampling window, number of samples of the window. The use of the decimation filter intensified errors around the frequency of 250Hz. The calculated noise dose meter reading was proportional to the increase in the intensity of the sound source, as recorded by the marketed dosimeter, but recording a value greater than expected.
Silveira, Danielson Santos da. "Polui??o sonora: um grave problema na cidade de Mossor?-RN". Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2008. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/18186.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn the latest decades, we have observed some environment alterations of big proportions in our planet. Sound pollution, visual pollution, water pollution, air pollution, soil pollution, all the principal kinds of environment pollution have raised in the path of economy development. In Mossor? it is not different; the environment has suffered a long and continuous damage caused by predatory abuse. The river is polluted, the ciliar vegetation of Carnauba was totally altered and with it a part of the local fauna disappeared. In fact, the city urban environment has, and continues to be, deeply altered and the sound pollution is a reflex of the urban modifications undergone in the city as time goes by. Through bibliographic review, the gauging of noise and fieldwork, this research project had the objective of analyzing the principal activities that cause sound pollution in the urban perimeter of the city of Mossor?, RN, emphasizing the causes, effects and spacial distribution of the polluter agents, as well as understanding how the environmental laws treat the sound issue in the urban environment of the city. The President Dutra avenue, where popular events of Mossor? take place and an important access for the city, was the chosen place to study this pollution that became, recently, another hindrance that interferes on the life quality of the local population. The results of this brief research emphasizes the urgency to alert society, specially about the importance of law and public organs that are located in our city, therefore solving problems such as the aforementioned above
Nas ?ltimas d?cadas constatamos altera??es ambientais de grandes propor??es em nosso planeta. Polui??o sonora, polui??o visual, do ar, das ?guas, dos solos, todos os principais tipos de polui??o ambiental se intensificaram no rastro do desenvolvimento econ?mico. Em Mossor? n?o foi diferente, o meio ambiente sofreu um longo e cont?nuo desgaste provocado pelo uso predat?rio. O rio est? polu?do, a mata ciliar de carna?bas foi totalmente alterada e com ela uma parte da fauna local desapareceu. ? certo tamb?m, que o ambiente urbano foi e continua a ser alterado profundamente, e a polui??o sonora ? um reflexo das modifica??es urbanas sofridas pela cidade ao longo do tempo. Atrav?s de revis?o bibliogr?fica, aferi??o do barulho e pesquisas de campo, este trabalho de pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar as principais atividades geradoras de polui??o sonora no per?metro urbano da cidade de Mossor?/RN, com ?nfase na Avenida Presidente Dutra, e nas causas, efeitos e distribui??o espacial dos agentes poluidores. Tamb?m tem como objetivo entender a aplica??o das leis ambientais que tratam a quest?o sonora no ambiente urbano da cidade. A Avenida Presidente Dutra foi o local escolhido por ser a via urbana na qual a cidade expressa os principais eventos populares de Mossor?. Ela representa um importante acesso ? cidade e por ser poss?vel atrav?s do seu desenvolvimento urbano constatar as marcas dos efeitos negativos do crescimento desordenado, dentre esses, a polui??o sonora. Percebe-se neste estudo a urg?ncia em alertar a sociedade para o impacto provocado pela polui??o sonora no cotidiano das pessoas. E especialmente colocar em evidencia a import?ncia das leis e dos ?rg?os p?blicos existentes na cidade de Mossor? RN, capazes de serem acionados para solucionar ou amenizar problemas relacionados ? polui??o sonora e conseq?entemente melhorar a qualidade de vida das pessoas da cidade
Shoegima, Thiago França. "Poluição sonora urbana: estudo de caso da subprefeitura de Pinheiros/SP". Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8135/tde-09032016-145105/.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis paper presents an analysis of data concerning the noise levels referring to Pinheiros Subprefecture (in São Paulo city). Measurements made in forty spots, divided in three steps that could be compared with the limits established by zoning law. In procedures for survey data were prepared maps that served as pillar in decisions as well as later in analysis/comparison of these in relation to the noise limits established. In the first phase there were large numbers of points with values above 15 dB above the limits. In later stages there was an improvement compared with the measurements of the first phase. So we got a picture of the noise levels of the study area and its situation in relation to the urban zoning law of São Paulo city.
Boas, Lis Bittencourt Vilas. "Influência do ruído sonoro subaquático na variação dos assobios do boto-cinza, Sotalia guianensis". Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2015. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=8753.
Pełny tekst źródłaA poluição sonora é um grave problema nos oceanos devido à eficiência de propagação do som na água e à importância da comunicação acústica para os organismos marinhos. Delfinídeos utilizam o som para comunicação, coordenação de grupo, percepção do hábitat e busca por alimentos, já tendo sido demonstrado que podem alterar suas vocalizações em função do aumento do ruído subaquático. O presente estudo realizou uma comparação dos assobios do boto-cinza Sotalia guianensis em dois ambientes acústicos distintos, um silencioso e um ruidoso, dentro da Baía de Guanabara, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Também foram realizadas investigadas as relações dos parâmetros acústicos dos assobios de S. guianensis com os valores de pressão sonora do ruído subaquático. O sistema de gravação foi totalmente calibrado e consistiu de um gravador digital Marantz PMD670 com taxa de amostragem de 96 kHz e um hidrofone HTI-96MIN (5 Hz 30 kHz, sensibilidade média de -170,5 dB re 1 Pa). As gravações realizadas dos assobios e do ruído subaquático ocorreram simultaneamente em duas regiões da baía: a APA de Guapimirim e o Canal central. Durante o período de amostragem os grupos de S. guianensis foram observados em três estados comportamentais: alimentação, deslocamento e socialização; foram anotadas também informações quanto a tamanho e composição de grupo. A análise dos assobios foi realizada no software Raven 1.4 e 10 parâmetros acústicos foram extraídos. Também foi calculada a razão de emissão de assobios. A análise de ruído subaquático foi realizada no software Adobe Audition 1.5, onde foram extraídos valores de pressão sonora do ruído 300ms imediatamente antes de cada assobio analisado, sendo utilizados para análise estatística os maiores valores de pressão sonora dentro de sete intervalos de frequência. Um Teste U de Mann-Whitney foi aplicado para comparar os parâmetros acústicos dos assobios e os valores de pressão sonora das duas regiões amostradas. Esta comparação foi feita para cada estado comportamental observado durante a coleta. Posteriormente foi realizado um teste de correlações de Spearman para investigar a relação entre os parâmetros acústicos e os valores de pressão sonora. Este teste também foi feito separadamente para cada estado comportamental. No comportamento de alimentação foi encontrada diferença na duração, na frequência central e em todos os valores de pressão sonora. Durante o comportamento de socialização foi encontrada diferença na duração e em todos os valores de pressão sonora. Durante o comportamento de alimentação foi encontrada relação entre cinco parâmetros acústicos, a taxa de vocalização e a pressão sonora. Durante o comportamento de socialização foi encontrada relação entre a duração e a pressão sonora. S. guianensis alterou seu comportamento acústico em situações ruidosas, diminuindo a duração e aumentando a taxa de vocalização. Na Baía de Guanabara esta espécie está exposta diariamente a poluição sonora, sendo a APA de Guapimirim o ambiente acústico menos perturbado a que S. guianensis tem acesso.
Sound pollution is a grave problem in the oceans due to the efficiency of underwater sound propagation and to the importance of acoustic communication to marine organisms. Delphinids use sound for communication, group coordination, habitat perception and foraging, and it has already been demonstrated that their vocalizations can be altered due to underwater noise. The present study performed a comparison of the whistles of the marine tucuxi Sotalia guianensis between two distinct acoustic environments, one silent and one noisy, inside Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. An investigation of the relationship between S. guianensis whistles acoustic parameters and underwater noise pressure level was also performed. The recording system was calibrated for all input levels and consisted of a digital recorder Marantz PMD670 with a sample rate of 96 kHz and one hydrophone HTI-96MIN (5 Hz 30 kHz, mean sensitivity of -170,5 dB re 1 Pa). Whistles and underwater noise were recorded simultaneously in two regions of the bay: Guapimirim environmental protection area and the main channel. During the sampling period groups of S. guianensis were observed in three behavioral states: feeding, travelling and socialization; information regarding group size and composition were also registered. Whistle analysis was performed with software Raven 1.4 and 10 acoustic parameters were extracted. Whistling rate was also calculated. Underwater noise analysis was performed with software Adobe Audition 1.5, where noise pressure levels were extracted 300ms immediately before each analyzed whistle, being utilized for statistical analysis the highest values in seven frequency intervals. A Mann-Whitney U Test was applied to compare acoustic parameters and noise values between the two sampled regions. This comparison was performed for each behavioral state observed during data collection. Posteriorly a Spearman correlations test was applied to investigate the relationship of whistle parameters with noise values. This test was also performed for each behavioral state. In feeding behavior was found difference in whistle duration, central frequency and in all noise levels. In socialization behavior was found difference in whistle duration and in all noise levels. In feeding there was correlation of five acoustic parameters and whistling rate with noise values. In socialization behavior there was correlation of whistle duration and noise values. S. guianensis altered its acoustic behavior in noisy situations, shortening duration and increasing whistling rate. In Guanabara Bay this species is daily exposed to noise pollution, and Guapimirim environmental protection área is the least acoustically disturbed environment that S. guianensis has access to.
Crispim, Deise da Costa. "Poluição sonora na escola: perceber, apreciar, conscientizar e reciclar sons para musicalizar". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2016. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/22610.
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This work is represented by a pedagogical proposal and takes music education as object of study, as far as musicalization is concerned, and it also takes noise pollution as its starting point. For this reason, this work exposes, reflects, reports and proposes activities related to the subject, using it as a tool of perception, appreciation, awareness and music learning by means of sounds. It addresses relevant questions about the soundscape by bringing music educators, such as Schafer, Swanwick and Fonterrada, and by dialoguing and reflecting on the process of music teaching and learning. Concurrently, this work brings an account of music teaching in the following municipal schools: Professor BeriloWanderley and Professora Emilia Ramos, in Natal, Rio Grande do Norte. The starting point of this account was the noise pollution, which was represented differently in each municipal school. The experiences and activities developed in this pedagogical proposal were obtained by means of a research project, in a qualitative approach in which materials such as recordings, films, interviews, theoretical musical activities and practices, dynamics were broadly used, among other teaching resources designed to construct and obtain corroborative data described here.
O presente trabalho, representado por uma Proposta Pedagógica, toma como objeto de estudo a educação musical, no que se refere especificamente à musicalização, tendo como ponto de partida a poluição sonora. Para tanto, expõe, reflete, relata e propõe atividades relacionadas ao assunto, utilizando-o como recurso de percepção, apreciação, conscientização e aprendizagem musical, por meio dos sons. Com isso, aborda questões relevantes acerca da paisagem sonora, trazendo educadores musicais, tais como Schafer, Swanwick e Fonterrada, que dialogam e refletem sobre o processo de ensino aprendizagem da música. Concomitantemente, esse estudo apresenta um relato de experiência do ensino de música nas escolas municipais Professor Berilo Wanderley e Emília Ramos, no município de Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, a partir da poluição sonora, representada diferentemente em cada uma delas. As experiências vivenciadas, bem como as atividades desenvolvidas nesta proposta pedagógica, foram obtidas por meio de um projeto de pesquisa, numa abordagem qualitativa, na qual se utilizou materiais como gravações, filmagens, entrevistas de sondagem, atividades musicais teóricas e práticas, dinâmicas, dentre outros recursos pedagógicos, para construção e obtenção dos dados comprobatórios aqui descritos.
Zajarkiewicch, Daniel Fernando Bondarenco. "Poluição sonora urbana: principais fontes - aspectos jurídicos e técnicos". Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2010. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/8959.
Pełny tekst źródłaSound and noise come along with humanity from the beginning. Yet, was from the Industrial Revolution that noise pollution took unimaginable proportions, becoming a problem of public health. Besides the auditory effects, man suffers from extra-auditory effects produced by noise, which don t lead him do deafness, but cause injuries in health. Noise is not only a nuisance but a kind of pollution, according to the National Environmental Policy Act, because is an acoustic energy. We will examine how national legislation, besides the experience of America and the European Community, deals with noise pollution, in federal, state a local level. Also will examine the competence of each federation member, the National Environmental Policy, regulations of the Nationals Environmental Counsel CONAMA, the urban policy laws and its main instruments, reviewing some state a local laws. Follows a study of the main sources of noise pollution, non-stationary and stationary sources: vehicles, airplanes, bars and restaurants, industries and religious services. Finally, the roll of the Public Power, Public Attorneys and Society in the effectiveness of the Environment protection
Os sons e ruído acompanham a humanidade desde o começo. Todavia, a partir da Revolução Industrial tomou proporções inimagináveis, transformando-se num problema de saúde pública. Além dos efeitos auditivos, o homem sofre os efeitos extra-auditivos produzidos pelo ruído, que não provocam surdez, mas provocam danos à saúde. O ruído não é só um incômodo, mas uma espécie de poluição, de acordo com a Política Nacional do Meio Ambiente, porque é energia acústica. Veremos como a legislação nacional, além da experiência Norte-americana e da Comunidade Européia, lida com a poluição sonora, em âmbito federal, estadual e municipal. Examinaremos a competências dos diferentes entes federativos, a Política Nacional do Meio Ambiente, as Resoluções do Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente CONAMA, o Estatuto da Cidade e os seus principais instrumentos, revendo algumas legislações estaduais e municipais. Segue-se um estudo das principais fontes de poluição sonora, fontes móveis e fixas: veículos, aeronaves, lazer, indústrias e cultos religiosos. Finalmente, o papel que o Poder Público, o Ministério Público e a Coletividade têm na efetividade da preservação do meio ambiente
Schornobay, Elaine. "Caracterização de ambientes internos da região central de São Carlos/SP: material particulado e poluição sonora". Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18138/tde-30082012-145027/.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis study aimed to evaluate the indoor environmental quality of shops in the central region in São Carlos/SP. The following parameters were monitored: the concentration and chemical analysis of MP10 and MP2,5, \'CO IND.2\', noise levels, temperature and relative humidity. Data collection was performed simultaneously in internal and eternal environments of four stores in the center of town for period of eight hours daily, from 9 am to 5 pm. Two points were located in front of large circulation routes for vehicles and two on the sidewalk of the city (no vehicle traffic). The values concentration both PM10 and PM2,5 are presented, in most days of collection, with the internal values higher than the outside. For the rainy season, which was held in the greatest number of samples, the concentration values did not exceed the limits set by OMS of 25 \'mü\'g/\'M POT.3\' for MP2,5 and 50 \'mü\'g/\'M POT.3\' for MP10. In the chemical analyses, it was not observed significant differences between the internal and external environments, since in both environments were found Si, S, Ca, Fe, Al, Cu and K, elements commonly seen in urban areas. In relation to the \'CO IND.2\' monitoring was not relevant, since all monitored environments performed ais exchanges with the external environment in a natural way, producing values concentration not concern. The noise levels monitored in the external environment were superior to the internal environment every day. The monitoring points directed to the traffic routes of vehicles had higher values than those found on the sidewalk of the city. On each day the monitored noise vaues of the internal and external environments not presented inside of the standard established by NRB 10.151/2000 of 50 dB(A) e 60 dB(A), respectively, since external values were between 61 dB(A) and 66,8 dB(A), and the internal environment values ranged from 53,9 dB(A) and 63,6 dB(A). The temperature and relative humidity showed variations thoughout the day, and according to RE/ANVISA nº 09/2003 and the index HI, most of the days monitored suggests thermal discomfort to the occupants of these places.
Rabat, Arnaud [Alexandre André]. "Effets de nuisances sonores sur le cycle veille-sommeil et sur les performances cognitives : approche expérimentale chez le rat". Aix-Marseille 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX22029.
Pełny tekst źródłaOliveira, Rafaela Sanches de. "Impacto da poluição sonora urbana no desempenho de indivíduos idosos saudáveis: estudo experimental". Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5169/tde-06082014-132145/.
Pełny tekst źródłaINTRODUCTION: The aging population and pollution are two growing concerns for the coming decades. The elderly are more susceptible to stressors and thus may be more easily compromised functional capacity and independence. With the growth of urban centers increase the different forms of pollution, noise being one of the most relevant. Since noise pollution can be seen as a stressor, our goal was to evaluate the impact of sound noise in functional performance of older adults. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with 20 participants selected from the outpatient geriatric aged between 60 and 80 years. The cognitive assessment was computed and held for 4 times , the first two being in an environment with controlled noise to mitigate learning and the final two , including assessments of balance in pressure and muscle strength platform with handgrip test, a once in the controlled environment and again with the sound noise. These were from a recording in an urban center, with intensity ranging between 75 and 80 dB ( A) , and fluctuating frequency random noise in order not to cause accommodation. RESULTS: The mean age was 72.20 years, and 10 women. Between the two initial cognitive assessments observed learning effect only on Trial Making Test A p-value = 0.019, which is the first test series performed. In other cognitive appraisals, in order to compare the performance through the presence of noise, we observe the performance improvement only in the Trail Making Tests A and B, with p = 0.028 and 0.008 respectively. On the balance tests the variable speed of movement increased in the presence of noise (p = 0.028) and the maximum excursion (p = 0.011) , both right , being right-handed . In muscle strength testing we observed no change in performance. CONCLUSIONS: The audible noise alter the cognitive function of older adults, improving performance on tests of attention, which was not observed in balance and motor function tests
Fromager, Guy. "Musiques et nuisances sonores en Guadeloupe : le cas des activités d'écoute et pratiques musicales des "faiseurs de bruit"". Antilles-Guyane, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AGUY0258.
Pełny tekst źródłaIN GUADLOUPE,THE SOUND PHENOMENES MAKES US PRODUCED OR SPREAD DIFFUSED MUSIC TO LISTEN A SAFE SURE HIGH LEVEL ALL THE PLACES OF LIFE WITH THE NUMEROUS AMATEURS OF THE AMPLIFIED SOUNDS. SO, SY EXCEEDING THE ACCEPTED LEVEL THERE REGULATIONS IN FORCE, THE MUSI DIVERT- SOURCE(SPRING) OF NUISANCES. WHY A SOUND LEVEL SO HIGH IN CERTAIN PRACTICES IN GUADELOUPE? IS IT TO A CULTURE OF NOISE? THE DEMONSTRATION ( APPEARANCE) OF THIS NOISY BEHAVIORY BY THE LISTING OR THE PRACTICE OF THE MUISE IN GUADELOUPE SEEMS TO JOIN THE INDIVIUALISTIC BEHAVIOR OF THE INHABITANTS OF GUADLOUPE WHICH FIND THEIR JUSTIFICATION IN THE ORIGINAL WEAKNESS OF THE SOCIAL COFESION WEACH BECOMES MORE MARKED. THE SOUND ENVRONMENT OF GUADELOUPE IS IN REALITY A SPACE CREATED THERE JUXTAPOSITION OF NOISY BEHAVIOR SHOWING IT SELF INDIVIDUALLY AT THE FOLLOWER OF" THE CULTURE OF "THE MUSIC AMPLIFIED" ANd "NEW MUSICAL CURRENTS" WITH APPEAR IN GUADELOUPE. HOWEVER THE PRACTICE OF THE MUSIC AS 44MARKER OF THE COLLECTIVE IDENTITY 44 WICH JOINS IN ANOTHER DIMENSION THAN 44 THE MUSICAL PASSION" IS ALSO APRODUCER OF SOUND ATMOSPHERE A HIGH lEVEL. ALL THESE VARIOUS PRATICES IN THE DIVERSE TONES WHICH ARE ALSO SOCIAL EXPRESSIONS, HARMONIZE AS SOUND PHENOMENA TO GIVE AN IMPRESSION (PRINITING) OF SOUND CHAAOS IN GUADELOUPE. IN FACT, THERE IS NO CIULTURE OF NOISE IN GUADELOUPE,HOWEVRSHE CAN SETTLEDOWNAND REALIZE IF WE REFER TO" THE THEORY OF TE WINDOW BROKEN" TO SHOW THE ENTERD LINK THE APPEARANCE OF THE DISORDER AND THE CRIME IN NEW YORK WILSON AND KELLING ON 1982)
Boussaton, Marie-Pierre. "Interactions entre activité électrique, microphysique et pollution dans les nuages d'orage". Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30103.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe first part of this study deals with the electrical activity of hailstorms. Numerous cases are analysed from lightning and radar data. Hailstorms typically produce a high number of lightning flashes except for several atypical cases. The +CG and CG proportions are very variable. In a second part, the possible influence of atmospheric pollution on lightning production is considered. A laboratory experiment points out an effect of water contaminants on the characteristics of corona microdischarges from raindrops. Moreover, a large scale study realised for 12 summers shows a maximum in the production of CG lightning over the Paris city, which could be explained by an effect of pollutants and/or an effect of the urban heat island. Finally, a videosonde dedicated to in situ microphysical observations has been developed in Laboratoire d'Aérologie. A ground intercomparison experiment demonstrates the good performances of the instrument
Santos, Valdizio Soares dos. "Avaliação da poluição sonora provocada pelo tráfego em um parque urbano utilizando ferramentas de simulação e geoprocessamento". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFBA, 2004. http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/9715.
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O presente trabalho pretende avaliar o impacto da situação da poluição sonora provocada pelo tráfego em um parque urbano, através da realização de medidas em campo, mapeamento dos níveis de poluição sonora na área, através de simulações em computador de medidas atenuadoras desta poluição, que considera fontes pontuais e contínuas de geração de ruído, e também a simulação de colocação de barreiras físicas em distâncias variáveis como recurso para atenuação do ruído; além de outras medidas atenuadoras existentes na literatura científica especializada sobre o assunto. O estudo utiliza o software Community Noise Model - CNM 6.0, que faz a simulação dos diferentes níveis de poluição sonora. É feita uma validação deste software no que se refere à frota de veículos utilizados no input. A construção de um sistema de informação geográfica facilitará a visualização da distribuição espacial da poluição sonora, além de outros dados espaciais relevantes na área, e compreensão do seu comportamento, de forma a habilitar a comparação com padrões máximos fixados para as atividades existentes na área. Isto permitirá a identificação dos impactos da poluição sonora e a proposta de medidas atenuadoras deste impacto nos locais de atividades sensíveis a esta poluição.
Salvador
Forcetto, André Luiz Silva. "Poluição sonora urbana: a influência de modificações em escapamentos de motocicletas na emissão de ruído". Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6139/tde-19042016-140141/.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe urban noise pollution, in particular the one produced for motorcycles with tampered exhaust systems, affects indistinctly the health of all people in many ways and tends to grow up, in opposite to gaseous emissions, that is getting down through years. With the goal of mitigate noise generated from urban traffic, many countries develop procedures, laws and actions as acoustic barrier and phono absorbent asphalt, but there are still a great amount of motorcycles, typically a high annoying and noisy vehicle, running with tampered mufflers and producing excessive noise. In use vehicle inspection is an important tool on gaseous emissions control but fails to restrain excessive noise, a problem that get worse up due the rider is subjects him/herself to the own sound pollution. Roadside control comes as an alternative but sometimes is rejected as subjective or due a lack of a simple, easy, trustable method. This research looks for the relationship between increased sound level of modified motorcycles in traffic and noise emission in inspection mode, also known as stationary noise, to bring subsidies to develop more efficient control methods. For this, it were evaluated motorcycles for traffic and stationary noise emission and the results point that modified exhaust systems have a very higher sound level than original mufflers, with strong relationship between these two measurement methods. This sound pollution affects in a very special mode the professionals, called in Brazil motoboys, which modify their motorcycles, because they subjected themselves to all factors for noise-induced hearing loss. Other questions come in parallel to the main focus and were briefly studied in order to compound the whole picture as sound level of replacement mufflers according homologation procedures, the motorcycle contribution to the urban sound pollution and the results for power and torque. These studies point to that modified motorcycles strongly contribute to urban noise, affecting especially the driver and with no effective gain in engine power and motorcycle handling.
Genari, Eliseu de Souza. "Acústica do ambiente externas às igrejas". Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16132/tde-03102015-095219/.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis research project aims to contribute to the acoustic theme of the external environment to the churches, providing an overview in general terms the nature and magnitude of external sound events to the churches of a sampling area consists of 12 churches located in urban areas in the city of São Paulo. The data collected from the field survey, made available around the information and typology of the churches and the comparison of results of noise measurements,the research seeks to analyze the causes and effects of noise sources in the vicinity, as well as recommend means of preventing problems, both in the projects of new buildings in the choice and adaptation of existing buildings for the purpose of religious worship.
Vianna, Karina Mary de Paiva. "Poluição sonora no município de São Paulo: avaliação do ruído e o impacto da exposição na saúde da população". Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6132/tde-01122014-100623/.
Pełny tekst źródłaIntroduction: Concerns regarding noise levels in the modern world have worsened due to the urbanization and industrialization processes, that have committed to urban acoustic quality because of the multiple noise sources. The impact of noise exposure on population health is still not clearly established. Strategies for standardizing measures for assessing urban noise, as well as the causal relationship between environmental exposure and health endpoints have been subjects of research. Objective: to evaluate the acoustical situation in the district of Pinheiros, São Paulo, and the impact of noise exposure on health in the resident population in the district. Methods: The study was conducted in two steps: (1) noise assessment in the district under study and noise mapping, using the software Predictor 8.11, in areas selected as exposed and non-exposed to road traffic noise; (2) assessment of the health effects of the resident population in the district, through a household survey. Statistical analyses using Chi Square Test and Multiple Logistic Regression were performed. Results: 75 points were evaluated, accounting for 20h of measurement. At all points, the noise levels exceeded the limits established by law. In exposed areas, the noise situation characterizes the existence of noise pollution. 225 interviews were conducted. We observed an association between living in exposed area and: perceiving the traffic noise and consider the place of residence a noisy environment; report annoyance due to this noise and when performing activities such as watching television, resting, talking and concentrate on performing tasks. A dose-response relationship between increasing degree of annoyance with road traffic noise and increased noise levels was observed. The factors associated with living in areas not exposed to traffic noise were annoyance with neighborhood noise and fair / poor sleep quality. Conclusion: This study represents a methodological advance in the measurement of urban noise, as it sought to produce reliable and comparable data on local and global level. The results regarding the effects on health of the population show the importance of reformulating the Brazilian public policies aiming to carry out actions towards the prevention, management and monitoring of noise in the urban space.
Silva, Vinícius Castro da. "POLUIÇÃO SONORA NO MEIO AMBIENTE URBANO: Perspectivas na Rua Gonçalves Chaves no município de Pelotas -RS". Universidade Catolica de Pelotas, 2011. http://tede.ucpel.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/176.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe aim of the present study is to analyze the environmental from the risks created by the contemporary society through a literature review. The focus is the high levels of noise emission in the urban areas with intense population density, innumerous activities and companies, causing noise pollution. In the study were emphasized the trends of the humanity to the ecological system, and the interest in natural resources for the political and economic development of civilization. The interest in environmental preservation is narrated from the guarantee of fundamental human rights. The instruments of protection to the balance of the ecosystem have been described within a context of environmental zoning. Finally the study deals with case studies on potentially polluting activities and the treatment destined for the judiciary
O presente estudo analisa o meio ambiente em relação aos riscos criados pela sociedade contemporânea, através de uma revisão de literatura. O foco são os elevados índices de emissão de ruídos em zona urbana de intensa densidade populacional com inúmeras atividades e empreendimentos, causando poluição sonora. O estudo enfatiza as tendências da humanidade perante o sistema ecológico, bem como o interesse nos recursos naturais para o desenvolvimento político e econômico da civilização. O interesse na proteção ambiental está narrado a partir da garantia de direito fundamental da humanidade. Os instrumentos de proteção ao equilíbrio do ecossistema foram descritos dentro de um contexto de zoneamento ambiental. Aborda ainda estudos de casos de atividades potencialmente poluidoras e o tratamento recebido pelo judiciário nessas atividades
Callai, Sérgio Copetti. "Estudo do ruído causado pelo tráfego de veículos em rodovias com diferentes tipos de revestimentos de pavimentos". Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3138/tde-19072011-171244/.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe noise is a form of pollution that causes diverse problems to the human health and the economy. One of the major sound pollutions forms is the noise generated by the traffic of vehicles. Several countries have been making efforts to better understand and, therefore, find possible solutions to mitigate the sound pollution. However, such efforts in Brazil are still incipient. This work proposes itself to measure and evaluate the noise, the internal noise, which disturbs the comfort of the driver and passenger, and the external vehicle noise, that can disturb the dwellings near by the highway depending on the sound pressure, generated by vehicles in different types of highway pavement surfaces. A case study at Bandeirantes Highway (SP 348) was run to evaluate the external and internal noise before and after the placement of a gap-graded prepared with rubber asphalt, above the of the old microsurfacing. The evaluation of the result shown that the substitution of the pavement surface led to the reduction of approximately 2dB(A) for external noise and that diminished in a logarithmic fashion, such as the theory of a sound propagating from a punctual source in a spherical manner. The analyses of the internal noise demonstrates that the substitution of the pavement surface generates an improvement in the comfort, reducing in approximately 3dB(A) the noise, especially in the frequency range of 200Hz to 1000Hz. The comparison with the Asphalt Concrete, pavement surface most used in Brazil, internal noise measurements were made at the Pirelli test track in Sumare/SP, evaluating, also, sound intensity and the noise frequencies with the variation of the vehicle speed. With this data, was possible to compare the asphalt concrete with the solutions made on Bandeirantes Highway. The research evidenced that the noise level of asphalt concrete is similar to the microsurfacing, and both are higher than the gap-graded prepared with asphalt rubber. The surface of the pavement can also contribute to the mitigation of the internal and the external noise. The present thesis also concluded that the current methods to evaluate the macrotexture of the pavement surface are incapable of fully understanding of the internal and external noise.
Alves, Leandro Augusto Bassi. "Avaliação da qualidade ambiental de estabelecimentos comerciais da região central de São Carlos, SP". Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18138/tde-03102013-113541/.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis study presents the indoor environmental quality of stores in central São Carlos, an inner city of the state of São Paulo, in Brazil. The following parameters were monitored: mass concentration of particulate matter, in its fractions PM10 and PM2.5, noise levels, temperature and relative humidity. Data was collected in three stores in the center of town during seven hours daily, from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. The stores had, in average, temperature values 5.1 °C higherand relative umidity 35.5% lower than those observed in a weather station located in the countryside. High correlation coefficient between the climate data in the stores and in the weather station was found, indicating that the external environment has great influence in the internal environments studied. Of all samples, 54% indicated thermal discomfort. PM2.5, mass concentrations ranged from 11.4 to 40.6 μg.m-3, exceeding the 24 h WHO guideline (25 μg.m-3) in 35% of the samples. PM10 mass concentrations ranged from 18.4 to 85.7 μg.m-3, exceeding the 24 h WHO guideline (50 μg.m-3) in 33% of the samples. The average inside/outside (I/O) ratio of the particulate matter was of 0.84 for the PM2.5 and 0.88 for the PM10. Mass concentration was 1.8 times greater in the dry season than in rainy season for the PM10, and 1.2 times greater for the PM2.5. Average PM2.5/PM10 ratio was 56%. Correlation coefficient between the gravimetric and particle counter equipments used to determine PM mass concentration was of 0.40 for the PM2.5 and 0.53 for the PM10, and latter had average means 4.2 and 2.0 times smaller, for PM2.5 and PM10, respectively. Noise levels ranged from 50.6 to 67.2 dBA in the internal environment and 56.6 to 72.8 dBA in the external environment, with an average I/O ratio of 0.91. Concerning the 70 dBA daily exposure limit estipulated by WHO, 9% of the sampled days exceeded that value. The location with higher noise pollution was located in front of the street with higher vehicle traffic, and the one with lower noise pollution was located in a street with often congested traffic.
Batonneau, Yann Merlin Jean-Claude Brémard Claude. "Approche physico-chimique des pollutions atmosphériques engendrées par la production pyrométallurgique de plomb et de zinc". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2002. http://www.univ-lille1.fr/bustl-grisemine/pdf/extheses/50376-2002-141-142.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaAraujo, Nilza Maria Coradi de. "Avaliação de atenuadores de ruido passivos resistivos para grupos geradores de energia". [s.n.], 2004. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/258530.
Pełny tekst źródłaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo
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Resumo: Esse trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar o desempenho acústico de atenuadores de ruído para grupos geradores de energia. Geradores de energia a diesel são equipamentos extremamente ruidosos e para tratar acusticamente um gerador é necessário, entre outras coisas, o tratamento das aberturas para ventilação. Essas aberturas são geralmente tratadas com atenuadores (silenciadores) de ruído .Existem vários tipos de silenciadores os mais comuns são os passivos resistivos que se caracterizam pelo uso de material absorvente nas paredes internas do duto. Os silenciadores objeto de estudo deste trabalho foram os dutos retangulares com células divisórias paralelas. Para a realização das medidas de desempenho acústico dos silenciadores foi utilizada a metodologia descrita na ISO 11 820 Acoustics - Measurements on Silencers in situo Essa norma apresenta dois parâmetros de avaliação de desempenho acústico: perda por transmissão e perda por inserção. Para realização da avaliação de desempenho acústico, foram construídos e testados 22 tipos diferentes de silenciadores, alterando as dimensões das lamelas, o tamanho do duto e a densidade e espessura do material absorvente. Os resultados das avaliações mostraram que a espessura das lamelas e o comprimento do duto têm uma maior influência na eficiência do atenuador do que a densidade do material absorvente. Realizou-se, ainda, uma análise comparativa entre eficiência e custo entre os silenciadores avaliados. Os resultados dessa analise permitiram estabelecer quais silenciadores que apresentaram a melhor relação custo benefício, isto é, melhor desempenho acústico e menor custo.
Abstract: The objective this work is to evaluate the acoustic performance of the silencers of noise for energy group generators. Generators of energy to Diesel are extremely noisy equipments. For acoustic treatment of a generator it is necessary, among other things, the treatment of the openings of ventilation. The openings are generally treated with silencers of noise. There are several types of silencers, the most common are the passive resistive. The passive resistive silencers are characterized by the use of absorbent material in the internal walls of the lined ducts. The silencer object of the study this work is the rectangular lined duct of the parallel bafflers. For the accomplishment of the measures of acoustic performance of the silencers was used the methodology described in ISO 11 820 Acoustics Measurements on Silencers in situ. The ISO 11 820 standard presents two parameters of evaluation of acoustic performance: transmission loss and insertion loss. For accomplishment of the evaluation of acoustic performance, were built and tested 22 types of different silencers, altering the dimensions of the bafflers the size of the duct and the density and thickness of the absorbent material. The results of the evaluations showed that the thickness of the bafflers and the length of the duct have a larger influence in the efficiency of the silencer than the density of the absorbent material. It was also made a comparative analysis between the efficiency and the cost among the appraised silencer. The results of that analyze allowed to establish which silencer that presented the best cost/benefit relation or the better acoustic performance and lower cost.
Mestrado
Edificações
Mestre em Engenharia Civil
Batonneau, Yann. "Approche physico-chimique des pollutions atmosphériques engendrées par la production pyrométallurgique de plomb et de zinc". Lille 1, 2002. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2002/50376-2002-141-142.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaSantos, Dulce Claudia Jose Viana. "Avaliação da aplicação da norma de ruido ambiental em municipios da região de São João da Boa Vista". [s.n.], 2004. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/258532.
Pełny tekst źródłaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo
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Resumo: O ruído aparece como um dos problemas ambientais mais freqüentes nos grandes centros urbanos. As atividades ruidosas estão atingindo também as cidades menores do interior do Estado de São Paulo. Nessas cidades nem sempre existem legislações específicas relacionadas a ruído ou condições técnicas para o controle das fontes ruidosas. Nos casos mais graves as reclamações por incômodo devido a ruído chegam a via judiciária onde um perito é designado para fazer a avaliação do ruído ambiental baseado na norma NBR 10151-Avaliação do ruído em áreas habitadas, visando o conforto da comunidade. Nesse trabalho o enfoque de ruído ambiental é analisado através do levantamento dos incômodos gerados por fontes sonoras fixas em dezesseis cidades da região da Equipe de Perícias de São João da Boa Vista. As fontes sonoras são identificadas, mensuradas e catalogadas como aceitáveis ou não de acordo com o nível de critério de avaliação da norma NBR 10151. Paralelamente foi levantado junto aos municípios a existência de legislações municipais específicas sobre ruído ambiental e pessoal técnico para avaliação. Os resultados obtidos nesse trabalho indicaram como está sendo tratada a poluição sonora nessas cidades e quais as principais fontes sonoras de incômodo. Verificou-se também que os critérios de avaliação dos ruídos propostos pela Norma são adequados a esses municípios. O trabalho sugere pontos importantes para estabelecimento de uma legislação e procedimentos específicos relativos a ruído para esses municípios.
Abstract: The noise is shown as the most frequent environmental problem in big cities. The noisy activities are getting also in small cities of São Paulo State. In these cities, not always there is a specific legislation about noise or technical conditions of noisy sources control. In the most serious case, the reclamation for annoyance due the noise, gets, at the judicial mean, where an expert is designated to do the evaluation of the environmental noise based in the NBR 10.151 rule- Evaluation of the noise in inhabit areas, aiming the confort of the community. In this paper the main point of the environmental noise is analysed through the survey of the annoyances generated by fixul noise sources into sixteen cities from the region of São João da Boa Vista Criminal Expert team. The noise sources are identified, measured and catalogue as acceptable or not in accordance to the level of the criterious of evaluation of NBR 10.151 rule. Paralled was raised with the cities the existence of specific municipal legislation about environmental noise and technicals staff (personal) for evaluation. The results obtained in this work indicated how is being treated the noise pollution in these cities and what the major noise source of annoyance is. It had verified if the criterion of evaluation propose by the rule is adequated in the cities. The work suggests important points for the establishment of a specific legislation and special procedures to these municipalities.
Mestrado
Edificações
Mestre em Engenharia Civil
Grüdtner, Marjorie Juliana Silva. "O incômodo em relação ao ruído urbano em taxistas do município de São Paulo-SP". Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2015. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/12037.
Pełny tekst źródłaCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Continuous noise exposure can cause hearing effects and non-hearing. The annoyance is the one of the most important effect of noise exposure. The annoyance of exposure of noise can cause several negative responses such as anxiety, restlessness, disappointment, depression, distraction, exhaustion, dissatisfaction, anger. Purpose: To evaluate the annoyance and the others complaints by noise among taxi drivers in the city of São Paulo-SP. Method: The sample size was 153 taxi drivers. Auditory and non auditory noise effects was conducted through a questionnaire adapted, based on Ferreira (2013). Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square test to assess the association between the study variables and four outcomes (annoyance, stress, communication disorders and hearing loss). Cronbach s Alpha Test was used to analyze the questionnaire reliability. Results: Most taxi drivers (73.86%) makes no mention of quiet or tranquility as their place of work and 83% consider the noise of moderate to intense. 58.48% think that adds to the existing noise. The main sources of noise outside the vehicle taxi drivers were cited by the vehicle traffic, construction and trade. The adverse effects of noise, the most observed were: stress, discomfort, difficulty communicating and understanding what others say, moodiness, irritability, fatigue and tinnitus. 60% of taxi drivers think the noise can harm them in some way, and the stress (11.11%) and hearing loss (9.15%) were the most cited. To decrease the 43.14% noise suggested education and awareness of individuals. Regarding the hearing, only 32.68% think that hears the same way he heard before. Significant associations were found with the four outcomes with the following variables: the lack of attention, dizziness, moodiness, annoyance, pressure rise, tinnitus, fatigue, lack of appetite, interference with work efficiency and implementation tasks. As for the first three outcomes (annoyance, stress and communication difficulties) the variable with significance was the hearing of the change in self-perception. Variables: irritation, work efficiency, uncomfortable with loud sounds, inattention, understand what others say appeared related only to stress outcomes and difficulty communicating with others. Conclusion: annoyance, stress, difficulty communicating and self-perception of hearing loss were statistically associated with urban noise and several adverse health effects resulting from this exposure. The internal consistency (reliability) of the questionnaire used in the survey was excellent
A exposição ao ruído pode causar alterações tanto auditivas como não auditivas. Dentre os efeitos mais preocupantes desta exposição na saúde está o incômodo. O incômodo causado pelo ruído pode levar a diversas respostas negativas como a ansiedade, agitação, decepção, depressão, distração, exaustão, insatisfação, raiva. Objetivo: Verificar o incômodo e outras queixas de saúde relacionados ao ruído urbano em taxistas do município de São Paulo. Método: A amostra foi constituída por 153 taxistas. A investigação do incômodo provocado pelo ruído e outros efeitos, foi realizado por meio do questionário adaptado, baseado em Ferreira (2013). A análise estatística foi realizada pra verificar as associações entre as variáveis do estudo e os quatro desfechos (incômodo, estresse, dificuldade de comunicação e autopercepção da perda auditiva). Para a análise de confiabilidade do questionário foi utilizado do teste de Alpha de Cronbach. Resultados: A maioria dos taxistas (73,86%) não faz nenhuma menção à quietude ou tranqüilidade quanto ao seu local de trabalho e 83% considera o barulho de moderado a intenso. 58,48%acha que contribui para o ruído existente. As principais fontes de ruído externas ao veículo citadas pelos taxistas foram o tráfego de veículos, construção civil e o comércio. Quanto aos efeitos adversos do ruído, os mais observados foram: estresse, incômodo, dificuldade para se comunicar e entender o que os outros falam, mau humor, irritação, cansaço e o zumbido. 60% dos taxistas acham que o ruído pode prejudicá-los de alguma forma, sendo o estresse (11,11%) e a perda auditiva (9,15%) os mais citados. Para diminuir o ruído 43,14% sugeriram a educação e a conscientização dos indivíduos. Em relação à audição, somente 32,68% acha que ouve da mesma forma que ouvia antes. Foram encontradas associações significativas com os quatro desfechos com as seguintes variáveis: a falta de atenção, tontura, mau humor, incômodo, aumento de pressão, zumbido, cansaço, falta de apetite, interferência na eficiência do trabalho e na execução de tarefas. Enquanto para os três primeiros desfechos (incômodo, estresse e a dificuldade de comunicação) a variável com significância foi à autopercepção de alteração da audição. As variáveis: irritação, eficiência no trabalho, incômodo com sons fortes, desatenção, entender o que os outros falam apareceram associadas somente aos desfechos de estresse e dificuldade de comunicação com os outros. Conclusão: Incômodo, o estresse, a dificuldade de se comunicar e a autopercepção da perda auditiva foram estatisticamente associados com o ruído urbano e com vários efeitos adversos na saúde, decorrentes desta exposição. A consistência interna (confiabilidade) do questionário utilizado na pesquisa foi excelente
Santos, Christian dos. "Investigação dos metodos de determinação de potencia sonora visando programas para etiquetagem de furadeiras eletricas de uso domestico". [s.n.], 2004. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/258523.
Pełny tekst źródłaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo
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Resumo: A existência de fenômenos acústicos depende de três fatores: a fonte, o meio e o receptor. Para a prevenção de condições ruidosas em certos ambientes, é necessário o conhecimento de uma característica própria da fonte que não sofre interferência do meio na propagação da energia sonora, como é o caso da potência sonora. O IBAMA em conjunto com o INMETRO iniciou um programa que visa informar e minimizar o ruído (nível de potência sonora) produzido por aparelhos elétricos etiquetando-os. Este programa se chama Selo Ruído. Existe uma previsão de inclusão de ferramentas elétricas neste programa de etiquetagem. A furadeira elétrica é uma destas ferramentas que tem inclusão prevista. Com o intuito de investigar os métodos de ensaio para determinação de potência sonora, este trabalho propõe a realização de ensaios de diversos métodos normalizados de determinação de nível de potencia sonora aplicando-os para furadeiras elétricas. Os métodos escolhidos para os ensaios foram os que utilizam salas reverberantes especiais (ISO 3743 ¿ Engineering Methods for Special Reverberations test Rooms e ISO 3741 ¿ Precision Methods for Special Reverberations test Rooms). Estes métodos são referenciados na norma nacional NBR 13910:1997-Parte 1- Diretrizes de ensaios para a determinação de ruído acústico de aparelhos eletrodomésticos e similares. Com os resultados obtidos dos ensaios realizados, foi feita uma análise de qualificação das metodologias empregadas. A partir de cada item destas metodologias foi analisada a aplicabilidade destes itens a ser empregado no método de ensaio proposto. A construção das etapas do método foi obtida a partir dos itens qualificados e aplicáveis ao programa de etiquetagem Selo Ruído
Abstract: In the acoustic phenomena there are three main variables: the source, the medium and the receptor. For the prevention of noise conditions in certain places, it is necessary to know a source characteristic that does not change with medium variations. This characteristic is the sound power radiated by the source. To consider this prevention, IBAMA and INMETRO started a program that labels the household appliances according to the noise level emitted by them. This program is called ¿Selo Ruído¿. There is a prevision to include the electric tools in this label program. The drill is one of these electric tools that will be included. To investigate the methods for determination of the sound power levels, this work proposes some tests of drills in several standarded methods. The methods used for the tests were the ones that use reverberation rooms (ISO 3743 ¿ Engineering Methods for Special Reverberations test Rooms and ISO 3741 ¿ Precision Methods for Special Reverberations test Rooms). These methods are referenced at the Brazilian standard NBR 13910:1997 ¿ Part 1 ¿ ¿Diretrizes de ensaios para a determinação de ruído acústico de aparelhos eletrodomésticos e similares¿. A qualification analysis of the methodologies applied was done, based on the tests results. An application of these items was done from each item of these methodologies in the test method proposed. The construction of the steps in the proposed method was made from the items qualified and applied to the ¿Selo Ruído¿ program
Mestrado
Edificações
Mestre em Engenharia Civil
Batonneau, Yann Merlin Jean-Claude. "Approche physico-chimique des pollutions atmosphériques engendrées par la production pyrométallurgique de plomb et de zinc". Grenoble : Atelier national de reproduction des thèses, 2006. http://www.univ-lille1.fr/bustl-grisemine/pdf/extheses/50376-2002-141-142.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaFreitas, Ana Paula Meneghetti de. "ESTUDO DO IMPACTO AMBIENTAL CAUSADO PELO AUMENTO DA POLUIÇÃO SONORA EM ÁREAS PRÓXIMAS AOS CENTROS DE LAZER NOTURNO NA CIDADE DE SANTA MARIA-RS". Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2006. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/7881.
Pełny tekst źródłaNos centros urbanos, há ocorrência de significativa poluição sonora, que advém de diversas origens, tais como: ruído de trânsito, ruído de ambientes noturnos, indústrias, entre outros. As atividades de lazer, como bares, boates, lojas de conveniência em postos de gasolina, entre outros, em dias de funcionamento, trazem consigo um grande fluxo de veículos e de pessoas no entorno, gerando, conseqüentemente, um aumento da poluição sonora em suas circunvizinhanças em zona pública. Constatar e medir esse acréscimo de poluição consiste no objetivo principal desse trabalho. Para a realização da pesquisa, escolheram-se 08 pontos, com base nos dados de denúncias e de reclamações, relativas à poluição sonora, por parte da população. Foram realizadas medições de nível de pressão sonora em dias de pouco movimento, com os estabelecimentos fechados e em dias movimentados, quando os estabelecimentos encontravam-se abertos, medindo-se o Leq (A) para 20 minutos em cada hora das 22 h às 5 h. Também, pesquisaram-se dados de denúncias dos moradores próximos dos locais analisados, aos órgãos competentes. Concluiu-se que está acontecendo um impacto ambiental, mesmo que os estabelecimentos possuam projeto de isolamento acústico para se enquadrarem aos níveis permitidos pela legislação vigente ou, ainda, quando não emitem música alta em seu interior, devido à ocorrência de ruídos externos de pessoas e carros em área residencial. Além disso, no decorrer da análise da percepção das pessoas com relação a esse acréscimo de poluição, verifica-se que em todos os pontos já ocorreram várias denúncias e abaixo-assinados às autoridades competentes. Outro fato que deve ser observado é que em todos esses pontos analisados, no horário de funcionamento dos estabelecimentos, há um nível sonoro superior aos limites estipulados pela NBR 10151 e pelo Código de Posturas do Município de Santa Maria.
Reis, Adriano Francisco dos. "Análise da dispersão de poluentes de origem veicular na BR-153 e sua relação com o uso do solo em área urbana do município de Goiânia". Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/3682.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG
The BR-153 is 15 kilometers long within Goiânia city, therefore, the evaluation of the levels of air pollution and noise related to the presence of the highway is an object of considerable importance. To this end, the situation in three variables related to environmental degradation was analyzed: the airborne particulate matter mass (PM) adsorbed on the leaf surface, the metals concentration presents in PM and the intensity of sound pressure. Due owning urban parameters that apply mostly in built macrozone - density basic standard - the region of Setor Morais and Vila Morais have been chosen to perform the measurements and the collections, which were done to both highway sides as for distant points, with the goal to make the dispersion analysis of such pollutants. The PM was collected from the leaves surface of seven copies of monguba (Pachira aquatica), which are found at different distances from the highway axis: near the axis and at 100, 200 and 300 meters from the track, on both sides; the metals concentration data were obtained from analysis by atomic absorption. Data on noise pollution were collected at four points: 13, 50, 150 and 300 m from the highway axis, along a cross-street, using type 2 sound level meter - the data analysis was performed with reference to the parameters set by NBR 10.151 for noise comfort. The collections and the measurements were made from July to December 2013, accompanied by checks climatic parameters in order to determine the influence of these parameters on the dispersion of possible pollutants. The highest value related to PM was 19.1 μg/mm2 of leaf surface, detected in September. No significant differences were observed in the mass PM and the metal concentration in the leaves of different trees. There was a decrease in the mass of PM with the highest rainfall, but for Zn, Ni and Fe concentrations, a higher concentration was observed in the rainy season. As for the sound pressure, nonconformity with acoustic comfort levels near the highway was observed, wherein the level reached 80.3 dB (A) on two occasions. For furthermost points - at 150 and 300 m - was observed that possible shortcoming is due mainly to noise sources locations. This work suggests revision of the land use allowed in the study area, associated with the change in the type of highway traffic to ensure to ensure less risk of environmental degradation to the population.
A BR-153 tem 15 quilômetros de extensão dentro do perímetro urbano de Goiânia, portanto, a avaliação dos níveis de poluição do ar e sonora relacionados à presença da rodovia constitui-se objeto de notável importância. Para tal, foi analisada a situação de três variáveis relacionadas à degradação ambiental: a massa de material particulado atmosférico (MP) adsorvido em superfície foliar, a concentração de metais presentes nesse MP e a intensidade da pressão sonora. Em virtude de possuir parâmetros urbanísticos que vigoram na maior parte da macrozona construída - padrão de adensamento básico - escolheu-se a região do Setor Morais e da Vila Morais para efetuarem-se as medições e coletas, as quais foram feitas tanto às margens da rodovia como em pontos mais afastados, com o objetivo de se fazer uma análise de dispersão de tais agentes poluidores. O MP foi coletado da superfície de folhas de sete exemplares de monguba (Pachira aquatica), encontrados em diferentes distâncias a partir do eixo da rodovia: próximo ao eixo e a 100, 200 e 300 m do eixo da via, em ambos os lados; os dados relativos à concentração de metais foram obtidos a partir de análise por espectrometria de absorção atômica. Os dados relativos à poluição sonora foram coletados em quatro pontos: a 13, 50, 150 e 300 m a partir do eixo da rodovia, ao longo de uma via transversal, com o uso de decibelímetro tipo 2. A análise destes dados foi efetuada tendo-se por referência os parâmetros estipulados na NBR 10.151 para conforto sonoro. As coletas e medições foram feitas de julho a dezembro de 2013, acompanhadas de verificações de parâmetros climáticos, a fim de verificar a influência destes na dispersão dos possíveis poluentes. O valor mais alto referente à massa de MP foi de 19,1 μg/mm2 de superfície foliar, detectado no mês de setembro. Não se observaram diferenças significativas na massa de MP e na concentração de metais entre as folhas das diferentes árvores. Observou-se decréscimo na massa de MP com maiores índices de pluviosidade, mas, para as concentrações de Zn, Ni e Fe, observou-se maior concentração em período chuvoso. Quanto à pressão sonora, observou-se inconformidade com os índices de conforto acústico nas proximidades da rodovia, em que os níveis atingiram 80,3 dB(A) em duas ocasiões. Em pontos mais afastados - a 150 e 300 m - observou-se que eventual inconformidade deve-se, principalmente, a fontes de ruído locais. Este trabalho sugere revisão de uso do solo permitido na área de estudo, associado à mudança na tipologia do tráfego da rodovia, para garantir menor risco de degradação ambiental à população.
Medeiros, Camila Ineu. "Invasão de nicho acústico e diversidade funcional acústica em ambientes invadidos pela rã-touro Lithobates catesbeianus". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/131939.
Pełny tekst źródłaBiological Invasions are considered the second leading cause of biodiversity loss, because they may cause many ecological impacts. Recently, was called attention to a new mechanism by which invasive species can affect native species: through interference in the acoustic niche. The masking of signals from noise sources can directly affect reproductive physiology or energy consumption. Vocalization is directly connected with the sexual selection in amphibians, birds, insects, and many mammals, so that the presence of new sound sources in the environment can affect the fitness of the species. One of the worst invasive species of the world, the bullfrog Lithobates catesbeianus, native from USA, Canada and Mexico, is distributed in over 40 countries around the world and, at least, 130 Brazilian municipalities. The bullfrog has a wide spectrum of frequencies vocalization, different from what is founded in Brazilian native species. Their calls have low dominant frequency, large propagation and little degradation and attenuation in the environment. The presence of the species’ call can cause changes in the parameters of the native species’ calls from Brazilian Atlantic Forest. However, it is not known if other species may also be affected and the introduction of bullfrogs can affect the acoustic behavior of the native communities. In this study, we evaluated the effects of L. catesbeianus invasion on the acoustic niche of native species, using two perspectives at the level of individuals and communities. In Chapter I we evaluate how the acoustic stimulus of bullfrogs can change temporal and spectral parameters of the native species’ calls with and without spectral overlap with invasive species. We tested the hypothesis that species with overlapping frequencies with the invading show greater change in vocalization parameters than species outside this spectrum. To make this we conducted a field experiment, introducing the vocalization of the invasion species in an area where there is no record of their occurrence. We used two stimuli, a white noise and calling of a native species, Rhinella icterica. All species tested were exposed to the three stimuli, which compared with its spontaneous vocalization activity. Our results show the effect of all kinds of noise at the calls, but all the species responded with large changes in the parameters for the two frogs than for noise. It is probable that this result is related to the fact that both species of frogs used in the experiments have low dominant frequency. However, the results reinforce the introduction of new sounds in the environment has the potential to modify the native calls. In Chapter II, we tested if exist differences in the acoustic functional diversity in environment with and without the presence of L. catesbeianus in invaded areas of the Atlantic Forest in southern Brazil. We tested the hypothesis that the ponds with presence of bullfrog males in vocalization activity and ponds without their presence have distinct patterns of acoustic functional diversity and acoustic functional composition more homogeneous. For this, we used data collected from 15 pairs of ponds invaded and not invaded by bullfrog in the Atlantic Forest in southern Brazil and realized analysis of diversity and functional composition using acoustic traits. Our results show that the functional composition was more homogeneous in ponds invaded than in ponds not invaded. In these ponds, there is a selection of frequencies, where predominantly the species that vocalize at highest frequencies are calling, that don´t have dominant frequency overlap with the bullfrog. This study is one of the first to test effects of acoustic niche invasion on native communities. Native environments may be vulnerable to the introduction of generalist species that produces low frequency and large amplitude signals. Therefore, signal propagation efficiency gives the bullfrog adaptive advantage in communication and reproduction, favoring the process of establishment and dispersion at the expense of native species.
Kawakita, Cristina Yukari. "Medição do ruído de tráfego na rodovia SP 270 e avaliação da satisfação quanto ao conforto acústico de seus moradores". Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3146/tde-30052008-105650/.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe awareness of the problems which the sound pollution causes and the employment of solutions in the process of building design and the urban planning, to soften such problems, are important for the improvement of the quality of life of the citizen, the community ,and the city. Within the big roads which cross urbanized areas, this study focused on the acoustic comfort, in dwellings along the Raposo Tavares road (SP 270), from the analysis of data gathered through measurements of meteorological and acoustic data, traffic flow counting, interviews, physical and photographic surveys, based on the existing standards and recommendations and the procedures suggested by the Post Occupancy Evaluation (POE). It was verified that in all the measured points, the average equivalent continuous sound pressure level was greater than the levels recommended by the Brazilian standard and the World Health Organization. It was calculated the attenuation caused by noise barriers, if they were placed in front of unprotected dwellings and the combination of this solution with other technologies such as the porous pavement and the increase of the isolation of the façades. With this, guidelines concerning the acoustic comfort in the interaction of the design of housing implantation with roads with high levels of noise were highlighted.
Pinto, D?bora Nogueira. "Mapeamento ac?stico como ferramenta para predi??o de ru?do urbano na ?rea de influ?ncia do est?dio Arena das Dunas, Natal/ RN". Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2013. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/12393.
Pełny tekst źródłaCoordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
The Noise Pollution causes degradation in the quality of the environment and presents itself as one of the most common environmental problems in the big cities. An Urban environment present scenario and their complex acoustic study need to consider the contribution of various noise sources. Accordingly to computational models through mapping and prediction of acoustic scene become important, because they enable the realization of calculations, analyzes and reports, allowing the interpretation of satisfactory results. The study neighborhood is the neighborhood of Lagoa Nova, a central area of the city of Natal, which will undergo major changes in urban space due to urban mobility projects planned for the area around the stadium and the consequent changes of urban form and traffic. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the noise impact caused by road and morphological changes around the stadium Arena das Dunas in the neighborhood of Lagoa Nova, through on-site measurements and mapping using the computational model SoundPLAN year 2012 and the scenario evolution acoustic for the year 2017. For this analysis was the construction of the first acoustic mapping based on current diagnostic acoustic neighborhood, physical mapping, classified vehicle count and measurement of sound pressure level, and to build the prediction of noise were observed for the area study the modifications provided for traffic, urban form and mobility work. In this study, it is concluded that the sound pressure levels of the year in 2012 and 2017 extrapolate current legislation. For the prediction of noise were numerous changes in the acoustic scene, in which the works of urban mobility provided will improve traffic flow, thus reduce the sound pressure level where interventions are expected
A Polui??o Sonora provoca degrada??o na qualidade do meio ambiente e se apresenta como um dos mais frequentes problemas ambientais nas grandes cidades. Os ambientes urbanos possuem cen?rios ac?sticos complexos e seus estudos precisam considerar a contribui??o de fontes sonoras diversas. Nesse sentido, os modelos computacionais, por meio do mapeamento e predi??o do cen?rio ac?stico, se tornam importantes, uma vez que possibilitam a realiza??o de c?lculos, de an?lises e de relat?rios que permitem a interpreta??o de resultados satisfat?rios. O bairro de estudo ? o bairro de Lagoa Nova, ?rea central da cidade do Natal, o qual passar? por grandes mudan?as no espa?o urbano devido ?s obras de mobilidade urbana previstas para o entorno do est?dio Arena das Dunas em decorr?ncia da Copa de 2014 e as consequentes mudan?as da forma urbana e no tr?fego. Dessa forma, este trabalho objetiva avaliar o impacto sonoro provocado pelas altera??es vi?rias e morfol?gicas no entorno deste est?dio no bairro de Lagoa Nova em Natal, a partir de medi??es in loco e do mapeamento com a utiliza??o do modelo computacional SoundPLAN no ano 2012 e a evolu??o do cen?rio ac?stico para 2017. Para tal an?lise, realizou-se, primeiramente, a constru??o do mapeamento ac?stico atual com base no diagn?stico ac?stico do bairro, mapeamento f?sico, contagem classificada dos ve?culos e medi??o do n?vel de press?o sonora; e para se construir a predi??o de ru?do, observou-se, para a ?rea de estudo, as modifica??es previstas para o tr?fego, forma urbana e obras de mobilidade. Conclui-se que os n?veis de press?o sonora do ano 2012 e para 2017 extrapolam, em parte, a legisla??o vigente. Para a predi??o do ru?do foram verificadas v?rias modifica??es no cen?rio ac?stico, no qual as obras de mobilidade urbana previstas melhorar?o o fluxo do tr?fego, consequentemente, reduzir?o o n?vel de press?o sonora onde est?o previstas as interven??es
Stinglin, Douglas da Costa. "Relações entre a percepção musical e o ensino das características das ondas sonoras". Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2017. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/2793.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe present work consists of a research in physics teaching, more specifically in acoustic teaching. A didactic sequence was applied in a first year high school class, contextualizing the concepts of acoustics in listening to music and living with noise pollution and using as theoretical framework the theory of meaningful learning developed by Ausubel. The objective was to apply the didactic sequence to obtain data regarding the learning of the concepts, analyzing whether or not they were significant facilitators. The audio recording of the classes and a questionnaire, applied at the beginning and at the end of the sequence, were used to analyze the before and after, besides the field diary, recorded by the author. The sequence consisted of six forty-five minute classes. The analysis of the data points to a facilitation of the significant learning of Acoustics. However, it would be important to continue the application of the data collection instruments to a larger audience and with more diverse class profiles, so that the results can lead to more conclusive and comprehensive results.
Oliveira, Bianca Lopes de. "Estações elevatórias = caracteríticas construtivas e geração de ruído". [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/258537.
Pełny tekst źródłaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T17:02:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Oliveira_BiancaLopesde_M.pdf: 18048402 bytes, checksum: 534b3cfd67d3599a449531074223555b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010
Resumo: As estações elevatórias são responsáveis pelo recalque ou bombeamento de água tratada, bruta ou de esgoto. São estruturas essenciais num sistema de abastecimento de água que não possui condições de ter seu abastecimento por um sistema totalmente à gravidade. A cidade de Jundiaí (São Paulo - Brasil), base para o estudo, possui 28 (vinte e oito) estações elevatórias distribuídas pelos aglomerados urbanos, podendo ser responsáveis pela degradação do meio ambiente por meio da poluição sonora, pois o conjunto motor-bomba destas estações gera ruído, às vezes, audível a longas distâncias. O ruído, dependendo do nível e da sua duração, pode resultar em perturbações psicológicas ou alterações fisiológicas associadas a reações de stress, cansaço, irritabilidade e falta de concentração. O presente trabalho teve como principal finalidade caracterizar as estações elevatórias quanto a seus aspectos construtivos para fins de enclausuramento dos conjuntos motores e bombas (fontes de ruído). Foram realizadas medições de níveis de pressão sonora interna e externamente às estações, com os motores e bombas ligados e desligados, de acordo com a NBR 10151/2000 (ABNT), a fim de se obter dados que demonstravam o isolamento sonoro que a estação elevatória proporcionava ao ruído gerado pelo conjunto motor-bomba. As diferentes configurações de implantação dos sistemas construtivos e disposições de aberturas resultaram em diferentes desempenhos acústicos, alguns atendendo as normas vigentes e outros não. Assim, avaliaram-se seus impactos sonoros no entorno da estação e foram elaboradas algumas sugestões de estratégias para mitigação dos impactos
Abstract: The pumping stations are responsible for pumping of treated water or sewage. These structures are essential for a system of water supply that does not have a position to have their supplies from a totally gravity system. The city of Jundiai (São Paulo - Brazil), basis for study, has 28 (twenty eight) pumping stations distributed throughout urban areas and may be responsible for environmental degradation through the noise, because the motor-pump these stations generate noise, sometimes, audible over long distances. Noise, depending on the level and duration, can result in psychological disorders or physiological changes associated with stress reactions, fatigue, irritability and poor concentration. This work had as main purpose to characterize the pumping stations about its constructive aspects of enclosure for the joint motors and pumps (noise sources). Measurements of sound pressure levels inside and outside the station, with the motors and pumps on and off, according to standard NBR 10151/2000 (ABNT), were did to obtain data showing sound insulation that pump station provided to noise generated by motor-pump. The different deployment configurations of building systems and arrangements of openings resulted in different acoustic performances, some attending the standards and not others. Therefore evaluated if their impacts on the surrounding sound and the station were drawn up some suggestions of strategies for mitigation of impacts
Mestrado
Arquitetura e Construção
Mestre em Engenharia Civil
Silveira, Roger Cajazeiras. "Procedimento de AnÃlise do Impacto Ambiental do RuÃdo de TrÃfego em Terminais de Transporte Coletivo Urbano: um estudo de caso no MunicÃpio de Fortaleza". Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2008. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=3172.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe process of urbanization of large cities and the increase of the number of motorized trips and the increment of the industrial activities has been worsening the environmental impacts, in particular the noise pollution. That pollution troubles the population, contributes to the degradation of life quality and is also a public health problem. The strategy of using integration terminals aims to facilitate the transportation of the population in those cities. However, there is a concentration of the bus operation on a relatively small space, what generates high noise levels. This research intends to diagnose the noise level inside the terminals in the city of Fortaleza. The results will be compared with the existing legislation and the parameters that influence these levels will be studied