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Kosbach, Laurent. "Contribution a l'analyse du processus innovateur". Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997VERS1001.
Pełny tekst źródłaFrécon, Jordan. "Méthodes d'optimisation pour l'analyse de processus invariants d'échelle". Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEN031/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaScale invariance relies on the intuition that temporal dynamics are not driven by one (or a few) characteristic scale(s). This property is massively used in the modeling and analysis of univariate data stemming from real-world applications. However, its use in practice encounters two difficulties when dealing with modern applications: scaling properties are not necessarily homogenous in time or space ; the multivariate nature of data leads to the minimization of highly non-linear and non-convex functionals in order to estimate the scaling parameters.The first originality of this work is to investigate the study of non-homogenous scale invariance as a joint problem of detection/segmentation and estimation, and to propose its formulation by the minimization of vectorial functionals constructed around a total variation penalization, in order to estimate both the boundaries delimiting the changes and the scaling properties within each region.The second originality lies in the design of a branch and bound minimization procedure of non-convex functional for the full identification of the bivariate extension of fractional Brownian motion, considered as the reference for modeling univariate scale invariance. Such procedure is applied in practice on Internet traffic data in the context of anomaly detection.Thirdly, we propose some contributions specific to total variation denoising: Poisson data-fidelity model related to a state detection problem in intermittent fluorescence ; automatic selection of the regularization parameter
Caya, René. "L'analyse du processus d'individuation chez Carl Gustav Jung". Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1989. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/5666/1/000583748.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaZemmari, Akka. "Contribution à l'analyse d'algorithmes distribués". Bordeaux 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR10609.
Pełny tekst źródłaPineau, Patrick. "Une psychothérapie parents-bébé : contribution à l'analyse du processus thérapeutique". Montpellier 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON11127.
Pełny tekst źródłaCOHEN, GABRIEL. "Contribution a la prevision des processus aleatoires par l'analyse harmonique". Paris, CNAM, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999CNAM0336.
Pełny tekst źródłaJorand, Claude. "Contribution à l'analyse des signaux non stationnaires et/ou non gaussiens". Paris 12, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA120048.
Pełny tekst źródłaGregoir, Stéphane. "Contributions à la représentation linéaire et l'analyse statistique des processus multivariés". Paris 9, 2009. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2009PA090026.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis collects four. First, almost efficient tests for the presence of a couple of complex unit root in the presence of deterministic function oscillating at the same frequency are developed for univariate processes. Inference in this framework is non-standard and relies on the use of complex Orstein-Uhlenbeck processes. A Monte-Carlo study illustrates its finite sample properties and concludes that it outperforms already existing procedures. Second, a general representation theorem under an autoregressive form is proved for a large class of multivariate processes. Estimation and test procedures are developed to allow the practitioner to obtain the appropriate specification for the data at hand. They are developed in a semi-parametric framework and aim at various frequencies at testing for the existence of polynomial cointegration relationships. At last, in presence of seasonal cointegration, an estimation framework, extension to "Fully Modified" estimators approach, is introduced that allows for classical inference when testing for coefficient constraints and for testing for the presence of seasonal cointegration
Chantiri-Chaudemanche, Rouba. "Contribution à l'analyse des processus d'élaboration des normes comptables : une étude comparée des processus français et britannique". Paris 9, 2000. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2000PA090006.
Pełny tekst źródłaBonneu, Florent. "Processus ponctuels spatiaux pour l'analyse du positionnement optimal et de la concentration". Phd thesis, Toulouse 1, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00465270.
Pełny tekst źródłaLouis-Dorr, Valérie. "Contribution au traitement et à l'analyse de signaux issus de processus physiologiques". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine - INPL, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00345985.
Pełny tekst źródłaCucala, Lionel. "ESPACEMENTS BIDIMENSIONNELS ET DONNÉES ENTACHÉES D'ERREURS DANS L'ANALYSE DES PROCESSUS PONCTUELS SPATIAUX". Phd thesis, Université des Sciences Sociales - Toulouse I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00135890.
Pełny tekst źródłaPicard, Franck. "Segmentation/classification de processus. Application a l'analyse de donnees de microarrays CGH". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00116025.
Pełny tekst źródłaest de partitionner des données en zones homogènes, et de regrouper ces zones en un nombre fini de classes. Les problèmes de segmentation/classification sont traditionnellement étudiés à l'aide
des modèles de chaînes de Markov cachées. Nous proposons un modèle alternatif qui combine un modèle de segmentation et un modèle de mélange.
Nous construisons notre modèle dans le cas gaussien et nous proposons une généralisation à des variables discrètes dépendantes. Les paramètres de ce modèle sont estimés par maximum de vraisemblance à l'aide d'un algorithme hybride fondé sur la programmation dynamique et sur l'algorithme EM. Nous abordons un nouveau problème de sélection de modèle qui est la sélection simultanée du nombre de groupes et du nombre de segments et proposons une heuristique pour ce choix.
Notre modèle est appliqué à l'analyse de données issues d'une nouvelle technologie, les microarrays CGH (Comparative Genomic Hybridization). Cette technique permet de compter le nombre de milliers de gènes le long du génome en une seule expérience. L'application de notre méthode à ces données permet de localiser des zones délétées ou amplifiées le long des chromosomes. Nous proposons également une application à l'analyse des séquences d'ADN pour l'identification de régions homogènes en terme de composition en nucléotides.
Picard, Franck. "Segmentation-classification de processus : application à l'analyse des données de microarrays CGH". Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA112186.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis is devoted to the development of a new statistical model for segmentation/clustering problems. The objective is to partition the data into homogeneous regions and to cluster these regions into a finite number of groups. Segmentation/clustering problems are traditionally studied with hidden Markov models. We propose an alternative model which combines segmentation models and mixture models. We construct our model in the Gaussian case and we propose a generalization to discrete dependent variables. The parameters of the model are estimated by maximum likelihood with a hybrid algorithm based on dynamic programming and on the EM algorithm. We study a new model selection problem which is the simultaneous selection of the number of clusters and of the number of segments. We propose a heuristic for this choice. Our model is applied to the analysis of CGH microarray data (Comparative Genomic Hybridization). This technique is used to measure the number of thousands of genes on the genome in one experiment. Our method allows us to localize deleted or amplified regions along chromosomes. We also propose an application to the analysis of DNA sequences for the identification of homogeneous regions in terms of nucleotide composition
Cohen-Scali, Valérie. "Contribution psychosociologique à l'analyse des processus de transition de l'école au travail". Tours, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOUR2001.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis research takes place in the French social context of the impressing growth of trainings, built on the pattern of apprenticeship, part time at school and part-time working. Its aim was to analyse the effects of such a training on identity and transition of young people from 18 to 25. More specially, we focused on a comparison of two populations of students of Iut (Institut Universitaire Technologique), in sale, following normal training (mainly at school with 10 weeks at work) or apprenticeship (part time at work and at school). The research has two parts. The first is a summary of several psychosociological theoretical approaches concerning transition from school to work, socialisation and identity of young people as well as representations and attitudes upon work and professional life we choose two ways of collecting data. In a first time, we had a qualitative approach: 50 young students were interviewed. After, nearly 350 students answered to a questionnary. The second part concerns the results of the research. We can see in analysing these results that apprenticeship plays an important role on construction of professional identity of the young people but a lot of other factors must be taken into account to understand the changes of identity during this period of transition from school to work: conceptions of work, vocational choices, ideal self, as well as self esteem and self monitoring. We underlined in conclusion two different ways of building professional identity. The experimentation pattern is linked to apprenticeship and the identification pattern is linked to traditional training
Ferjani, Wassim. "L'analyse du processus décisionnel d'investissement des sociétés de capital de risque québécoises /". Thèse, Trois-Rivières : Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2000. http://www.uqtr.ca/biblio/notice/resume/03-2217025R.html.
Pełny tekst źródłaFerjani, Wassim. "L'analyse du processus décisionnel d'investissement des sociétés de capital de risque québécoises". Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2000. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/3068/1/000671920.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaChenevière, Frédéric. "Contribution à l'analyse du mouvement dansé". La Rochelle, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LAROS123.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis work is included in the "Corps Dansant" project and deals with a contribution of computer science to contemporary dance represented by the artists of B. A. R. C. We focus on two main goals. First, we aim at recognizing the formal content of a danced movement thanks a system which is able to distinguish between a "Jump", a "Rotation" and a "Walk". Second, we would like to automatically recognize the expressive content of a movement : is it symmetric or asymmetric, light or heavy ? We describe three steps to obtain the formal and expressive description of a gesture. The first one, the motion capture, is realized by the XD-Productions electromagnetic system. The provided data are the trajectories followed by the markers placed on the main joints of the body. The second step treats these spatiotemporal curves to avoid high computational costs. Classical algorithms were adapted to this problematic of nonuniform subsampling of trajectories. An efficient algorithm of curve approximation and a new formalism of active contour for signal compression are proposed. Even at a high rate of compression (95\%) the distortion is weak. Finally, an automatic technic of contemporary dance movements recognition is described. Based on the well-known hidden Markov models, it combines a local approach of a movement with an automatic weighting of their trajectories. Experimental results, provided by a database of 360 labelled danced movements and a prototype of application, show a high gain of movement recognition efficiency when our technics of spatiotemporal data compression and our system of classification are both used. On the other hand the recognition of expressive content remains problematic and provides challenging perspectives
Gonindard, Melo de Mila Christelle. "Développement d'une approche markovienne pour l'analyse de l'organisation des génomes". Lyon 1, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011674.
Pełny tekst źródłaLarge scale sequencing has given access to many complete genomes. Hidden Markov models are one of the most used statistical methods for the analysis of genomics sequences. The objective of this work is to contribute to the analysis and comprehension of the evolution of genomes. A method for predicting isochores adapted to the human genome was developed. The originality of this approach consists in identifying breaks of homogeneity in the sequences. It also consists in identifying their biological impact, such as the UTRs influence may have on the classification of genes in an isochore. This method was then applied to the genome of the tetraodon, when we discovered the existence of a new mosaic structure
GOBET, Emmanuel. "Contributions à la simulation et à l'analyse de discrétisation de processus, et applications". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003841.
Pełny tekst źródłaVérot, Paul. "L'analyse des processus dans les établissements pour personnes âgées : de l'évaluation à l'accréditation". Lyon 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO3A002.
Pełny tekst źródłaBousquet, Olivier Jean André. "Inégalités de concentration et théorie des processus empiriques appliqués à l'analyse d'algorithmes d'apprentissage". Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EPXX0031.
Pełny tekst źródłaMAGRE, OLIVIER. "Processus browniens fractionnaires : contribution a la modelisation, a la synthese et a l'analyse". Nantes, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1996NANT2010.
Pełny tekst źródłaTavignot, Patricia. "L'analyse du processus de transposition didactique : exemple de la symétrie orthogonale au collège". Paris 5, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA05H073.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe concept of didactical transpositions points at the "decalage" between the reference knowledge (scientific and cultural), the knowledge to be taught, and the knowledge actually taught in the class-room. The understanding of the process requires a careful analysis of the syllabus, the official instructions and commentaries, the schoolbooks, the way lessons are prepared by teachers and the actual practice in the class room. The "noosphere" is the circle where the educational system and its societal environment interact to select the objets to be taught. The psychology of the actors requests that their representations be analysed : representation of science, of students, of teachers' practice. The process of didactical transposition is both sociological. And psychological to make this framework operational, one needs three systems of analysis (for the "noosphere", for the schoolbooks, for the work of teachers). The sliding process that goes from the reference knowledge to the teachers'practice is the empirical evidence of the transposition process. The above mentionned method is applied to the transposition of reflection. The possible ways of teaching reflection to sixth graders are exemplified by the schoolbooks and by the practice of teachers in the classroom. They can be summarized by diagrams and graphs which allow us to pick up the sliding meaning of reflection at different steps of the transposition process
Bonnefond, Céline. "L'analyse des inégalités sociales et spatiales dans le processus d'émergence de la Chine". Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR40039/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe rapid emergence of China has been accompanied by a significant increase in inequalities, resulting in profound changes affecting both the economic and social structures of China. The purpose of this doctoral thesis is to provide a better understanding of the diversity of these transformations, by combining macro and microeconomic analyses, together with economic and sociological approaches. Firstly, this research mobilizes provincial data in order to give a general overview of the level of regional disparities and of the spatial concentration of wealth. The recent decline in regional disparities can, among other things, be explained by the existence of growth spillover effects between Chinese provinces. Subsequently, the study is supplemented by the use of household survey data. The analysis of income polarization in rural and urban areas allows to highlight some shifts in its distribution, emphasizing in particular the constitution of population clusters in intermediate income ranges. An intensive investigation on the Chinese urban middle class is thereafter conducted so as to identify its members on an income-based definition, and to underline the heterogeneity of this category regarding employment and education. Finally, based on the example of food consumption and social attitude towards body weight, the vanguard role of middle class in the nutrition transition is highlighted. To conclude, the Chinese middle class appears to be a central category to ensure the further development of China
Lavielle, Vincent. "Processus atomiques cohérents appliqués à l'analyse spectrale très large bande de signaux radio fréquence". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007886.
Pełny tekst źródłaGallardo, Karine. "De l'analyse protéomique des graines d'arabidopsis thaliana vers une compréhension du processus de germination". Aix-Marseille 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX30061.
Pełny tekst źródłaTo better understand the events associated with seed germination and to define markers for seed quality, the proteome of Arabidopsis seeds was analyzed. A proteomic approach was adopted because of thei importance of protein neosynthesis from stored mRNA in comparison to that from new transcriptions. In total 1272 proteins were resolved using the two-dimensional electrophoresis technique, of which 74 showed changes in abundance (up- or down-regulation) during germination sensu stricto or the radicle protrusion step. Of the total population of observed proteins more than 100 were subsequently identified by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. A number of these proteins had previously been identified in several plant species, a finding that underlines the useminess of using Arabidopsis as a model. Our approach also revealed previousiy unidentified proteins, associated either with the imbibed state or the dehydrated state of the seeds (e. G. Actin7, WD-40 protein, GAPDHc), whilst others were fondamental in cellular metabolism, such as AdoMet synthetase and methionine synthase.
Fine, Lionel. "Processus et méthodes d'adaptation et d'idéalisation de modèles dédiés à l'analyse de structures mécaniques". Grenoble INPG, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001INPG0056.
Pełny tekst źródłaLaoufi, Nabil. "Processus guidé pour l'identification des exigences de sécurité à partir de l'analyse des risques". Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CNAM1103/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaAny organization is enabled by continuous physical flow and decision flow from operating symbiosis to achieve specific objectives. Which generates the implementation of a reliable information system, operating with a continuous control and maximum security, taking in to account the internal and external environment to maintain its operational and strategic role. Given the level of risk exposure and the vital dependence of companies on their information systems, it is crucial to pay attention to security requirements. Achieving a balance between the security and effectiveness of the information system is a complex task requiring an in-depth analysis of the organizational context. It also requires the identification, analysis, and management of the risks incurred by the company. It also requires the determination of security requirements. Few approaches offer guidance to derive security requirements from the risks involved. The aim of this thesis is to design a suggestive guiding mechanism that allows to derive the security requirements from the risk analysis. We propose an approach based on a modular ontology and a set of correspondence rules. To achieve, we propose the development of four ontologies and an alignment process between then using consistent semantic relationships. The validation process is based on a case study and a prototype
Laoufi, Nabil. "Processus guidé pour l'identification des exigences de sécurité à partir de l'analyse des risques". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, CNAM, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CNAM1103.
Pełny tekst źródłaAny organization is enabled by continuous physical flow and decision flow from operating symbiosis to achieve specific objectives. Which generates the implementation of a reliable information system, operating with a continuous control and maximum security, taking in to account the internal and external environment to maintain its operational and strategic role. Given the level of risk exposure and the vital dependence of companies on their information systems, it is crucial to pay attention to security requirements. Achieving a balance between the security and effectiveness of the information system is a complex task requiring an in-depth analysis of the organizational context. It also requires the identification, analysis, and management of the risks incurred by the company. It also requires the determination of security requirements. Few approaches offer guidance to derive security requirements from the risks involved. The aim of this thesis is to design a suggestive guiding mechanism that allows to derive the security requirements from the risk analysis. We propose an approach based on a modular ontology and a set of correspondence rules. To achieve, we propose the development of four ontologies and an alignment process between then using consistent semantic relationships. The validation process is based on a case study and a prototype
Carré, Alice. "L'analyse des processus cognitifs comme aide à la formation initiale et au perfectionnement des traducteurs". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAL034/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaTranslator training programmes comprise a wide range of contents and of instructional methods. But it would appear that students do not bridge the gap between declarative and procedural competences to the best of their abilities as a result of their lack of knowledge and understanding of their own working habits. Moreover, expertise research has shown that however robust the initial training, the mere accumulation of experience does not automatically lead to the optimal development of professional competence. The key to expertise would rest both in a suitable working environment and in deliberately self-regulated practice.The present contribution aims at assessing the ability of students to deliberately alter a given aspect of their translation habits after taking part in a workshop designed to strengthen their metacognitive skills. Reference data were collected and analysed to work out the effect of regulation on translating. Our proposed teaching sequence was then tested on two groups of students.It would seem that those students who were able to analyse their own habits and to compare them to those of their fellow students and of professional translators displaying a high level of regulation were able to consciously alter their working habits to a certain extent. Due to the limited number of participants, these results need confirmation through repetition on wider cohorts. But it seems that the proposed teaching sequence could provide students with a tool to proactively improve their working habits or their working environment. As such, it could be part of the wider movement of raising students’ awareness of the importance of cognitive, physical and organisational ergonomics at the workplace that is currently taking place in translator training
Ait, Rami Mustapha. "Approche LMI pour l'analyse et la commande des systèmes à sauts markoviens". Paris 9, 1997. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1997PA090026.
Pełny tekst źródłaMokadem, Abdelkader. "Développement d'une méthode de génération et de simulation des trajectoires pour l'analyse des processus d'affaires". Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2008. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/619/1/MOKADEM_Abdelkader.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaNoël, Florent. "La décision de suppression d'emplois : de l'analyse des déterminants à l'étude des processus de décision". Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010079.
Pełny tekst źródłaJoly, Marc. "Devenir Norbert Elias : contribution à l'analyse d'un processus transnational de reconnaissance scientifique : la réception française". Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0129.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe purpose of Ibis research is to contribute to the understanding of the process of international recognition of the work of Norbert Elias. The first chapter presents a synthesis of the many "theoretical" problems raised by the research topic. The aim was to complete theory of the field of cultural production by taking into account the "psychological" dimension of scientific creation and the trans-national environment where a work in the field of humanities is embedded. The aim of the second chapter is to enlighten the path of Norbert Elias from his departure from Germany in 1933 to the beginning of the 1970s. This chapter mainly focuses on the situation of Elias -who had to face exile in the field of British social sciences and humanities in the period after the Second World War and to piece together the structure of his relationships at that time; in parallel, this chapter shows that Elias had an underground recognition in the Netherlands and in Germany as soon as the 1950s. Finally, the third and fourth chapters aim at explaining the reasons why Ober den Prozess der Zivilisation was first translated in French after what the book could also for the first time benefit from a real public recognition thanks to the historians orthe Annales. Ln this sense, the French reception from the beginning of the 1970s makes up a turning point in the process of recognition of the Eliasian work: Ibis doctoral research aims at defining the underlying questions and the dynamics of its evolution
Berthoumieu, Yannick. "Contribution à l'identification de processus harmoniques bidimensionnels : application à l'analyse haute résolution de signaux radar". Bordeaux 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR10505.
Pełny tekst źródłaKONT, SAIM. "Un systeme expert modulaire de seconde generation pour l'analyse de defaillances dans les processus complexes". Paris 11, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA112332.
Pełny tekst źródłaAnghel, Daniel-Constantin. "Contribution à l'analyse des itérations dans le processus de conception : proposition d'indicateurs d'évaluation de performances". Besançon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BESA2001.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe iterations are one of the important characteristics which influence the performances of the design process. Their analysis is a key factor for the deadlines compression and the costs reduction. Therefore, it is essential to develop adequate methods of observation, modeling and treatment to identify and highlight these iterations and their impact, and afterwards to reduce their consequences. The research work presented in this thesis falls under this context. First, the concept of iteration is defined and then a classification of the iterations is proposed. This stage is based on bibliographical study which concerns two aspects: the design process modeling, particularly in the context of concurrent engineering, and the information flow modeling in design. The classification of the iterations allows a better choice of the methods of iterations treatment, in order to eliminate or to reduce them. The second stage, based on design experiments, aims to validate and enrich classification suggested. This stage also makes possible to deal with the quantitative analysis of the iterations. In the third stage, we propose indicators to evaluate the performance of the design process based on the iteration studies. In this stage, we present: (1) the process indicators, developed from the analysis of the intermediary objects and the interaction between the designers; (2) the result indicators, developed from the quantitative analysis of the iterations. In different stages of this study, various strategies are proposed to reduce the iterations and/or their impact in the design process
Mourad, Mahmoud. "Comparaison entre méthodes vectorielles autorégressives et méthodes markoviennes dans l'analyse de séries chronologiques multidimensionnelles". Paris 5, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA05H033.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis aims at putting into practive the autoregressive models and the application of the markov chain on remainders of the additive seasonal decomposition models -mds-. Our analysis applied to the french industriel production sector has enable us to detect first the optimum autoregressive orders which were suggested by the automatic criterions fpe, aic, bic, cat an hq, then the dynamic "carrying" parameters on which are based the specific memory -univaried case- and the crossed memory -vectorial case-. We used the mds model to estimate the trend and the seasonal coefficients then we applied the markovian model of the first order to analyse the nature of the transitions dependencies between the different states of the remainders. The comparaison of the forcast efficiency between the different models showed the importance of the short-term vectorial autoregressive model, the long-term mds model ant the part that can play the markovian model as a forescast "corrector" for the mds model
Dutheil, Julien. "Approches phylogénétiques et bioinformatiques pour l'analyse de la coévolution à l'échelle moléculaire". Montpellier 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON20123.
Pełny tekst źródłaWe address here the problem of non-independent evolution between distinct positions (sites) within bio-sequences, namely nucleic acids and proteins. The proposition that sites may not evolve independently -- they are said to be coevolving -- is not a new one and is supported by several biochemical properties of the structure of the molecules. The mechanism of compensatory mutations is usually invoked to explain molecular coevolution: a mutation at one site may compensate the drop in fitness of a (otherwise deleterious) mutation at another site. Several approaches have been already developed to detect coevolving sites from a sequence alignment and have been applied to single data sets. They lead to -- sometimes contradictory -- conclusions that cannot be generalized. These methods also suffer from methodological fuzziness and software deficiencies, which prohibits their use, particularly at the genomic scale. We detail the methodological issues involved in the detection of coevolving sites and present a new detection method. This method is applied to three data sets for which we provide extensive analysis. We show that this method is successful in detecting sites that share a correlated evolutionary history. These sites are also related to the molecules structures and functions. We finally use a genomic approach to characterize the coevolution signal at the genome scale. A 523 genes data set from bacterial complete genomes is built and analyzed. We show that there is a strong coevolution signal for most of these proteins. Crossing these results with structural information will presumably improve our understanding of the mechanisms of molecular (co)evolution
Vergne, Nicolas Prum Bernard. "Chaînes de Markov régulées et approximation de Poisson pour l'analyse de séquences biologiques". S. l. : Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2008. http://www.biblio.univ-evry.fr/theses/2008/2008EVRY0006.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaTroubnikoff, Alexis. "Résolution numérique pour l'analyse quantitative de grands systèmes à événements discrets". Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002VERS016V.
Pełny tekst źródłaEsslimani, Ilham. "Vers une approche comportementale de recommandation : apport de l'analyse des usages dans un processus de personnalisation". Phd thesis, Université Nancy II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00581436.
Pełny tekst źródłaHassad, Hassane. "Contribution à l'analyse de la stabilité de la commande prédictive généralisée : application à un processus thermique". Nancy 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NAN10053.
Pełny tekst źródłaBlanc, Hélène. "Contribution theorique a l'analyse des processus concurrentiels globalises : le cas des accords de cooperation inter-firmes". Lyon 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO22002.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe inter-firms agreements have become an important organisational form in the eighties. Their analysis is a great challenge for the economists because of their growth in numbers and the new forms they take. They usually concern multinational corporations, often rivals, which intend to cooperate in order to create new technological resources. Neither new collusive mechanisms, nor results of cost miminimisation calculus, the agreements should be interpreted in the broader institutional dynamics of the current globalising competitive economies. To face the new conditions of the global competition - interpenetration of markets and shortening of the product cycles, notably - firms tend to implement adaptative strategies and new network forms of organisation. They also seek to master changes in their environment. In other words, two logicals can be distinguished: the institutional transformations of the multinational corporation toward a network multinational firm, in the one hand, and an inter-institutional logical in the other, which refers to the implementation of competitive strategies purposing to the acquisition of new knowledge created outside the firm but necessary for it. Thesenew pieces of knowledge permit it to reinforce its competitive advantage and to improve its positions on the global markets. The mastering of knowledge is then crucial for the understanding of the global competitive processes and agreements between firms deeply change the rules of the game of the global competition. Then, these cooperation agreements stabilize the exchange rules in a historical period of globalisation
Charton, J. "Le processus informationnel dans l'équipe de soins hospitaliers : étude des représentations infirmières par l'analyse de cohésion". Aix-Marseille 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX10033.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis introduces "cohesion analysis", a composite method involving both the graph analysis approach (cliques) and the classic statistical approach. This method allows multivariate and comparative approaches to data, even if the samples' sizes and data frequencies are unequal. Our data was collected through a questionnaire sent in 1981 to hospital nurses just finishing "ecole de cadres" (n=380). The analysis is centered on nurses' perceptions of the process of information underlying patient care. The general trend of the responses indicate a conception of nursing which goes beyond basic care and faithful execution of doctor's orders and emphazises the cognitive work on information. Nurses' traditionnal auxiliary status is contested, collegial relations within the care unit are deemed necessary, and the sick person's contribution to his diagnosis and choice of treatment is highly desired. Understaffing and the replacement of nurses by "aides-soignantes" for time or tasks requiring nursing skills are widely denounced. Seven sub-groups within the sample were compared. The main differences that were found between groups concerned nurses' perceptions of the cognitive division of labor and the material conditions of work that would make possible their participation in the information process. The overall results reflect a mutation on the symbolic level : beyond the constraints of their practice, nurses question the given definition of their work process - in public hospitals, in france
Kolmayer, Elisabeth. "Contribution à l'analyse des processus cognitifs mis en jeu dans l'interrogation d'une base de données documentaires". Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05H051.
Pełny tekst źródłaDuring the information retrieval process, two topic representations have to interact; one comes from the end-user, the other from the information system. We focus on this interaction. Cognitive psychology gives some tools to analyse the user's domain representation, as research on categorizations and about expert and novice knowledge has shown. An experimental approach with nurses and nursing auxiliaries analyses the effects of two expertise factors: experience and training level. We examine the domain representation in information system through indexing (indexing with descriptors and subject headings). We point out agreement and differences between knowledge organization such as in thesauri, in subject headings indexes and in the user's mind. But by interacting with an actual retrieval device, topic expertise plays a very small role; the important factor is the expertise of the own device. We focus then on the modelling of the information retrieval situation; the problem to face, for the end-user, is not to find the + best match ; between query and index terms, but to develop a representation of his information need convenient with the information system constraints. An information retrieval task is then concieved as a design problem to which the concepts of plans declarative and procedural- can be applied. An experiment tests the efficiency of such a modelling, analysing the seeking process of end-users and librarians interacting with an online catalog. Some ergonomic consequences are considered
Peigney, Benjamin-Edouard. "Contribution à l'analyse de problèmes multi-échelles : application à des processus de diffusion et de combustion". Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC096.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe results established in this thesis deal with some multi-scale problems for which we design specially taylored techniques in order to tackle a specific physical problem, in which the multi-scale aspect plays a crucial role. We also try to justify, as rigorously as possible, the different methods we propose. The first considered multi-scale problem deals with the heat equation inside a cracked medium. In particular, following a homogeneization approach, we show that the crack effects can be modeled by a volume source term in the homogenized heat equation. The second multi-scale problem is related to the modeling of fusion plasma, in the Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) context. We derive an accurate kinetic modeling of the combustion process of hydrogen. The multi-scale aspect of the problem comes from the coexistence of two energy scales that are required to describe the different ion populations. A multiscale analysis of the Fokker-Planck operator leads to an original and efficient strategy to solve the kinetic modeling of ICF target combustion
Defrance, Matthieu Touzet Hélène. "Algorithmes pour l'analyse de régions régulatrices dans le génome d'eucaryotes supérieurs". Villeneuve d'Ascq : Université des sciences et technologies de Lille, 2007. https://iris.univ-lille1.fr/dspace/handle/1908/1020.
Pełny tekst źródłaN° d'ordre (Lille 1) : 3906. Résumé en français et en anglais. Titre provenant de la page de titre du document numérisé. Bibliogr. p. 91-96.
Söderberg, Joakim. "Modèle de Markov caché multidimensionnelle [sic] appliqué aux images et à l'analyse vidéo". Paris, ENST, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ENST0002.
Pełny tekst źródłaRecent progress and prospects in cognitive vision, multimedia, human-computer interaction, communications and the Web call for, and can profit from applications of advanced image and video analysis. Image classification is perhaps the most important part of digital image analysis. The objective is to identify and portray the visual features occurring in an image in terms of differentiated classes or themes. Traditional classification methods analyses independent blocks of an image, which results in a context-free formalism. However there is a fairly wide-spread agreement that observations should be presented as collections of features which appear in a given mutual position or shape. We therefore employ a new efficient algorithm that models context in images by a 2-D hidden Markov model (HMM). The difficulty with applying a 2-D HMM to images is the computational complexity which grows exponentially with the number of image blocks. The main technical contribution of this thesis is a way of estimating the parameters of a 2-D HMM in O(whN^2) complexity instead of O(wN^2h), where N is the number of states in the model and (w,h) is the width respectively height of the image. We investigate the performance of our proposed model (DT HMM) , and search for its point of operation. In an effort to introduce both global and local context in the model, the DT HMM was extended to multiple image resolutions. The results indicate that earlier recorded deficiency can be conquered and that its performance can be compared with other known algorithms. We finally demonstrate the versatility of the model by presenting applications such as; classification, segmentation and object tracking