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Noventa, Simone <1987>. "Kyoto Protocol, Carbon Market ed economia reale". Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/2434.
Pełny tekst źródłaLederer, Markus. "Klimapolitik zwischen Kyoto und Cancún". Universität Potsdam, 2010. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2010/4439/.
Pełny tekst źródłaOvsyannikov, D. "The kyoto protocol and climate change - background information". Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2012. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/26709.
Pełny tekst źródłaOvcharova, T. "Prospects of ratifying the Kyoto protocol in Ukraine". Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2004. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/23134.
Pełny tekst źródłaCocco, Stefano <1991>. "Climate Change: the Kyoto Protocol and the deforestation problem". Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/8021.
Pełny tekst źródłaYang, Haoyuan, i Qian Zhang. "How Effective is the Kyoto Protocol in Impelling Emission Reduction". Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Economics, Finance and Statistics, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-15762.
Pełny tekst źródłaPaltsev, Sergey, John M. Reilly, Henry D. Jacoby i Kok Hou Tay. "The Cost of Kyoto Protocol Targets: The Case of Japan". MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/5425.
Pełny tekst źródłaAbstract in HTML and technical report in PDF available on the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change website (http://mit.edu/globalchange/www/).
Rock, Joachim. "Klimaschutz und Kohlenstoff in Holz : Vergleich verschiedener Strategien". Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2008. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2008/1753/.
Pełny tekst źródłaForests are important for climate protection: They sequester and store carbon, and provide timber for wood products and fossil fuel substitution. These functions interact in a complex way. From a climate protection point of view it is desirable to optimize these interactions, i.e. to maximize the amount of carbon stored in the whole system (called „forest-timber-option“) and to analyse what impact a management decision at the local level has with regard to the amount of carbon in the atmosphere. Inventory methods to estimate the total amount of carbon in a forest are needed. Classical forest inventories assess above-ground tree volume. To estimate total car-bon in accordance with the requirements of the Kyoto-Protocol, these inventories need to be expanded with regard to the assessment of disturbances, dead wood de-composition, soil carbon, and the estimation of carbon from volume. Methods in-vented here can also be used to assess local-level management activities, or to “fac-tor out” non-human-induced changes in carbon pools. The optimization of the „forest-timber-option“ is restricted due to regulations of the Kyoto-Protocol, because forest-related measures are accounted for under other sec-tors than wood and timber use. Harvested timber is estimated as an “emission” from the forest, and forest owners have no benefit from the use of wood for industrial pur-poses. Here, an inclusion of forestry in emission trading schemes can be advanta-geous. Alternative ways to produce wood are short-rotation coppice plantations on agricul-tural soils. Information about growth and yield potentials are scarce for the regions where land availability is high. Aspen (P. tremula, P. tremuloides) was parameterized in an eco-physiological forest growth model (“4C”) to assess these potentials on sites in Eastern Germany under current and under changing climatic conditions. The re-sults indicate that growth potentials are more sensitive to soil quality than to climatic conditions. Potential yields allow for incomes comparable to standard agriculture, but biodiversity and groundwater recharge may be negatively affected by large-scale plantations. An optimization of the „forest-timber-option“ requests the use of timber from forests. Harvested timber substitutes additional 70 % of carbon from fossil fuels. Forests un-der total protection do store more carbon than managed forest, but not equivalent to the substitution effects. Total protection of forests is thus no viable means for climate protection under Central European conditions.
MORAES, LUIZ A. G. de. "Contribuição ao estudo do valor, das perspectivas e da efetividade do mecanismo de desenvolvimento limpo no protocolo de Kyoto". reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2008. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11688.
Pełny tekst źródłaMade available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:07:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Dissertação (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
Karlsson, Matilda. "EU:s normativa makt inom miljöområdet : En fallstudie om EU:s roll i det globala klimatarbetet". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för statsvetenskap (ST), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-34928.
Pełny tekst źródłaPatenauden, Geneviève. "Quantifying forest carbon stocks and changes in support of the Kyoto Protocol". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2006. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:0d69355d-db71-45a6-b0e7-7f9673f1118b.
Pełny tekst źródłaTachecí, Petra. "Globální environmentální smlouvy a jejich efektivita". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-10936.
Pełny tekst źródłaPerglerová, Eva. "Obchodování s emisními povolenkami: analýza dosavadních efektů". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-74452.
Pełny tekst źródłaJónsdóttir, Helga. "The Kyoto Protocol compliance system : is the system effective enough to ensure compliance?" Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-96172.
Pełny tekst źródłaDepledge, Joanna Jane. "The organization of the Kyoto Protocol negotiations : lessons for global environmental decision making". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249683.
Pełny tekst źródłaНизовой, Д. "Аспекты практической реализации положений Киотского протокола в Украине". Thesis, Українська академія банківської справи Національного банку України, 2009. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/61063.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe problem of climate change arose in the political arena in the mid-80's of the last century. The international community has taken the initiative to develop and enter into force two international agreements: the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (Rio de Janeiro, 1992) and the Kyoto Protocol (March 16, 1998 - March 15, 1999).
Melo, Gianpaolo Machado Lage de. "A TRIBUTAÇÃO DIRETA E INDIRETA BRASILEIRA E A DUPLA TRIBUTAÇÃO DIRETA INTERNACIONAL SOBRE O CRÉDITO DE CARBONO NAS EMPRESAS". Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2010. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/2775.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe Contemporary Society came upon with the global climate changes such as, increasing of the global temperature, natural phenomana which happened with less intensity in the past, increasing of sea s level, earthquakes, overflowings and tornatos in the end of 70 s where of the First Convention on Climate Change. In the end of 1980 s, the United Nations and the World Meteorological Organization created the Intergovernment Panel on Climate Change to discuss these changes, and the most important agenda is the Kyoto s Protocol, which establish that the developed contries, related in the Anex I from this protocol, have do reduce between 2008 and 2012 the level of emisson of greenhouse smoke in 5,2% compared to the levels in 1990. Using this reduction by the implementation and the acceptance of the Clean Mecanism of Delevopment are created the Certified Emission Reductions (CER) which will be negociated between the Brazilian companies and the companies settled in the nations included in the Protocol. However, it is contoversy the judicial classification given to the CER in Brazil and, consequently, the accouting treatment used to tax directly and indirectly the Carbon Credits and what are the possibilities to avoid its the Double Taxation. And, by these reality, this is the challange that it will pretend to solve.
A sociedade contemporânea se deparou com as alterações no clima global tais como, elevação da temperatura mundial, fenômenos naturais que aconteciam com menos intensidade, elevação do nível dos mares, terremotos, enchentes e tornados a partir do final da década de 1970 a partir da Primeira Convenção Climática Mundial. Logo, as Nações Unidas e a Organização Meteorológica Mundial, no final da década de 1980, criaram o Painel Intergovernamental em Mudanças Climáticas para discutir essas mudanças, sendo que o documento mais importante, atualmente, é o Protocolo de Kyoto que determinou que os países industrializados, relacionados no Anexo I do mesmo, têm de reduzir entre 2008 e 2012 o nível de emissão de GEEs na média de 5,2% em relação aos níveis medidos em 1990. Por meio desta redução mediante a implementação e aprovação do Projeto de Mecanismo de Desenvolvimento Limpo MDL são gerados os créditos de carbono que serão negociados entre as empresas brasileiras e as empresas instaladas nos países constantes do Anexo I do Protocolo de Kyoto. Contudo, é polêmica a classificação jurídica que deve ser dada ao crédito de carbono no Brasil e, conseqüentemente, o tratamento contábil que deve ser dado a este no momento de tributá-lo diretamente e indiretamente e quais são as possibilidades de se evitar uma dupla tributação do crédito de carbono. E, diante desta realidade, este é o desafio que tentará ser solucionado.
Crossen, Teall. "Responding to global warming a legitimacy critique of the proposed Kyoto Protocol compliance regime /". Montréal, QC : University of Calgary, 2004. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=813798011&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=78006&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Pełny tekst źródłaAllouis, Tristan. "Spécification de paramètres techniques et stratégie d'échantillonnage pour la conception de nouveaux capteurs lidars dédiés à la cartographie de forêts". Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AGPT0086/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaForesters need tools to map the tree species, tree heights, stand structure and biomass. Although the airborne lidar (Light detection and ranging) technology does not give access to all these variables, it can provide quick, accurate and spatially explicit measurements of tree heights and biomass over large surfaces. However, lidar systems currently used have not been specially designed to performed vegetation studies. The adjustment of the technical characteristics of such systems is expected to improve the accuracy of retrieved forest parameters. Consequently, the objective of this thesis is to determine configurations of lidar sensors dedicated to the study of forest vegetation, and to propose methods designed to extract forest parameters depending on the different configurations. The ability of different resolutions (footprint size and spatial sampling), wavelengths and sampling modes of the backscattered signal to measure forest parameters (canopy height and density, crown size and also volume and biomass) was evaluated. The studies were conducted from tree to stand level, on experimental or simulated data. In a first part, we developed methods to process classic airborne lidar data (scanner system, tens of centimeter footprint, 5 measurements/m², near-infrared laser) for the estimation of the biomass of individual trees. In this study, we demonstrated the contribution of new data called "Full-waveform" (recording the entire signal) compared to traditional multi-echoes data (extraction of the most significant echoes). In a second part, we performed an experiment using a Comissariat of Energy Atomique (CEA)'s lidar prototype onboard an ultra-light aircraft (profiler system, 2.4 m footprint, 2.4 m spacing between two measurements along the flight line, ultraviolet laser). Such a configuration did not allow to measure individual trees, but we were able to study variations in forest structure at the plot level (30 m diameter). Having demonstrated the ability of an ultraviolet lidar to perform vegetation studies, this sensor opens the way to the development of bi-functional lidar for both atmosphere and vegetation remote sensing. In a third part, large footprint lidar signals (tens of meters on the ground) were simulated from the aggregation of classical airborne lidar signals. We proposed a method for modeling the signal dynamics of satellite lidars in different forest types, in order to calibrate the energy to emit for a future space-borne mission. The main problem with large-footprint size is the strong influence of topography on accurate measurements of tree heights in steep areas. We consequently developed a method to correct this effect, thus increasing the accuracy of tree height retrieval. This approach also opened new perspectives in topography assessment from large-footprint data in forest environments
Souza, Gleice Donini de. "Aplicação do mecanismo de desenvolvimento limpo: o caso Novagerar". Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8136/tde-28012008-114705/.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe United Nation Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) has as final target to establish the greenhouse gases concentration on the atmosphere in one level that impedes the dangerous human interference on the climatic system. The UNFCCC established the Kyoto Protocol, one tool which allows Annex I Countries (that ones historically responsible for greenhouse gas emissions) to achieve their reduction targets. The Protocol put in place flexibility mechanisms - to help Annex I Countries to achieve their reduction targets - among them we highlight the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). The CDM foresees Annex I Countries financings to activities which result in reduction/sequestration of Carbon in non Annex I Countries. The first CDM project registered in the Executive Committee was the Brazilian NovaGerar, subject of this study. The purpose of this text is to discuss the Kyoto Protocol, the Clean Development Mechanism and verify its opportunities based on NovaGerar project.
Van, Rooyen Annelize. "Speculating WTO coverage and classification of emmission allowances created and generated by the Kyoto Protocol". Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2007. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_6593_1255613854.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe study is based on the views of different world authorities on the Kyoto protocol. The current legal status regarding the different opinions and arguments are also considered. This study is limited to defining what allocation of allowances, units and credits as created by the Kyoto protocol can be defined as goods, products, services or subsidies under WTO body of rules .
Schmidt, Robert. "What's Really Keeping the US from Joining the Kyoto Protocol. A Game Theoretic Empirical Analysis". Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2006. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/994.
Pełny tekst źródłaBachelors
Business Administration
Business Economics
Destlund, Yekta. "China's position during the global environment meetings in 1997, ending in the Kyoto summit". Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Water and Environmental Studies, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-10390.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe aim of this thesis is to study China's position regarding the global climate and the numerous topics discussed in the global meetings held during 1997, ending in the Kyoto summit in the same year. Chinas position during this year was evidently on the side of developing countries. China regarded topics such as technology transfer, emission trading and Commitments for the participating parties as very important topics which had to be considered. Chinas final position regarding these subjects was during 1997:
- Increased funding and technology transfer resources to developing countries.
- Objection to the inclusion of emission trading in the protocol.
- No new commitments of any nature for developing countries.
- National development is Chinas key issue.
Salassa, Boix Rodolfo Rubén. "La tributación en España de la renta derivada del comercio de derechos de emisión de CO2". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/31909.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe thesis examines the income taxation of the CO2 emission rights trade. This market was adopted by the Kyoto Protocol in order to facilitate the compliance of its environmental objectives and constitutes a legal and commercial phenomenon unknown until recently. As a commercial fact it is subject to taxation The work proposes a solution to the complex issue of the emission rights taxation since the present legislation is insufficient and outdated. This scene is even more complicated because the international implications of this market. In order to that the thesis also studies in detail the Double Taxation Convention between Spain and Argentina and Spain and Italy. The decision to choose this theme focuses on its undeniable current situation. Its innovative character is marked not only by the start of its running (2008) but also by the characteristics that surround it.
Santin, Claiton. "Considerações sobre o mercado de créditos de carbono: propostas de contabilização". Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2012. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/1497.
Pełny tekst źródłaDue to the growth of the discussions involving less harmful trade and economic practices to the environment, as well as the use of renewable energy sources, have been increasingly frequent approaches to the Kyoto Protocol and its imposed norms to major economies. Added to these factors the Accounting International Norms in the brazilian scenario, it becomes increasingly important to find ways to clarify the accounting dealings about this question, once it has been responsible for high-value financial turns, currency which need to be properly disclosed in the accounting statements of companies participating in this market. The study performs a qualitative approach, of exploratory feature, aiming a better understanding of the subject, and developed through a literature review. Thus, this study search to analyze the accounting treatment assigned to transactions involving the market of carbon credits, identifying a series of treatments, and the almost complete lack of standardization in the area
Devido à expansão dos debates com o envolvimento de práticas comerciais e econômicas menos agressivas ao meio ambiente, bem como a utilização de fontes de energias renováveis, têm sido cada vez mais frequentes as abordagens sobre o Protocolo de Kyoto e suas normatizações impostas às grandes economias. Em razão de esses fatores e a eles agregada a adesão das Normas Internacionais de Contabilidade no cenário brasileiro, torna-se cada vez mais importante buscar formas de elucidar as tratativas contábeis acerca desse assunto, uma vez que tem sido responsável por giros financeiros de alto valor, numerários estes que necessitam estar corretamente evidenciados nas demonstrações contábeis das empresas que participam desse mercado. O estudo realiza uma abordagem qualitativa, de caráter exploratório, para um melhor entendimento do assunto, sendo desenvolvido por meio de uma revisão bibliográfica. Dessa forma, buscou-se nesta pesquisa analisar o tratamento contábil atribuído às operações que envolvem o mercado de créditos de carbono, e, assim, identificou-se uma série de tratamentos e a quase inexistência de normatização para a área.
Nathan, Ari. "Market mechanisms and cultural values in negotiating multilateral environmental agreements : the case of the Kyoto Protocol /". Thesis, Connect to Dissertations & Theses @ Tufts University, 2000.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaAdviser: William Moomaw. Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 295-309). Access restricted to members of the Tufts University community. Also available via the World Wide Web;
Höhne, Niklas. "What is next after the Kyoto Protocol? : assessment of options for international climate policy post 2012 /". Amsterdam : Techne Press, 2006. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0735/2007369092-b.html.
Pełny tekst źródłaFurlan, Walter. "Modelo de decisão para escolha de tecnologia para o tratamento de resíduos sólidos no âmbito de um município". Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12139/tde-20102007-161243/.
Pełny tekst źródłaRecently it became accepted, by large segments of society, the conclusions of several scientists that man has been causing a global climatic change through the emission of greenhouse gases. If nothing is done, an increase in global warmth is expected in the years to come, due to the growth of world population as well as economic growth. The waste generated by society, while decomposing, is a strong methane emitter, one of the gases that contribute the most to the global warmth. International organisms, led by UN, have joint efforts in order to limit the emissions of greenhouse gases with the negotiation of carbon credits, mechanism created by the Kyoto Protocol, which may turn the adoption of new technologies of waste treatment economically feasible. This research brings to the public managers and entrepreneurs of this sector a decision-making model to strategically choose the most recent technologies for the treatment of municipal solid waste. Using the system analysis technique, supported by product?s life cycle theory and the concept of eco-efficiency, some tendencies of this sector have been mapped. The decision-making model uses the Value-Focused Thinking technique, which belongs to the multi-attribute decision theory. From of the gathering opinions of important stakeholders, some technologies may be pointed as the most important contributors to solving this environmental problem: landfill technologies, incineration and plasma process, accompanied also by energy recovery, waste sorting and recycling. It is also suggested that a solution of waste sorting, a process of generating refused derived fuel, and plasma process followed by energy recovery is the more effective combination to be adopted by a medium-size city in the near future. At the end of the research works, the studied solutions were presented to public managers to validate the model.
Naujėkaitė, Julija. "The implementation of the Kyoto targets in Lithuania from a perspective of multi-level governance". Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2011. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2011~D_20111214_102143-32062.
Pełny tekst źródłaTarptautiniai klimato kaitos susitarimai ir Europos Sąjungos teisės aktai veikia skirtingus valdymo lygmenis, įskaitant nacionalines teisės sistemas ir administravimo modelius. Disertacijoje iškeltas tyrimo klausimas – kaip Lietuva, konkrečiai pramonės sektorius, įgyvendina šiltnamio efektą sukeliančių dujų (toliau – ŠESD) emisijų mažinimo reikalavimus, nustatytus Kioto protokolu ir Europos Sąjungos teisės aktais. Reikalavimų mažinti ŠESD emisijas įgyvendinimas yra analizuojamas daugiapakopio valdymo perspektyvoje. Analizuojami keturi lygmenys – viršvalstybinis, valstybinis, subvalstybinis ir visuomeninis, kurie disertacijoje gretinami su tarptautine, nacionaline, administracine ir pramonės plotmėmis. Taigi klimato kaitos teisės aktų įgyvendinimas paremtas valdžios sprendimų priėmimo dispersija skirtinguose lygmenyse. Disertacijoje apibūdintos teisės sistemos, susijusios su ŠESD mažinimu, identifikuojant institucijas ir jų įgaliojimus. Remiantis teisės sociologijos perspektyva, hierarchinis teisės normų įgyvendinimo principas siejamas su teisės poveikiu (ir atsaku) pramonės sektoriuje. Atlikus kokybinį tyrimą imant interviu iš tyrimo dalyvių, kurie dirba valstybės ir administracinėse institucijose ir pramonės įmonėse, išnagrinėti ir įvertinti skatinantys veiksniai ir normos, veikiančios dalyvių elgseną kiekviename tiriamajame lygmenyje. Ištirtas pramonės sektoriaus atsakas politikos įgyvendinimo procese bei pateikti pasiūlymai dėl Kioto protokolo ir Europos Sąjungos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
Moraes, Luiz Antonio Grell de. "Contribuição ao estudo do valor, das perspectivas e da efetividade do mecanismo de desenvolvimento limpo no Protocolo de Kyoto". Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/85/85134/tde-21092009-164721/.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis paper deals with the history and characteristics of the Kyotos Protocol (KP), followed by the values study about the prospects and effectiveness of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), as defined by the 12th Article of the Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). In this purpose, conceptual analyses were developed about the objectives, possibilities, values and even mistakes of the CDM. The great importance of this instrument had been demonstrated that it is not its first objective to help the commitments of the developed countries, but the many advantages that promotes to the developing countries. This instrument of facility, which was conceived to assist the fulfillment of the obligations (reducing CO2 emissions) of developed countries in the Protocol, can go far beyond, with sustainable development projects (social, economic, ethnic, cultural, technical and environmentally) appropriated and favorable to developing countries. Their projects can and should fight against poverty, which also ensures a correct advance in pursuit of the causes and effects control of the climatic changes. The CDM permeates all these issues and is the instrument already present and of awareness, to bring the necessary financial and technological capacity from the North to the South, allowing these claims occur.
Cetin, lif. "Energy Analysis of Upplands Väsby municipality. : A study to reduce CO2 emissions in compliance with Kyoto Protocol". Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-32773.
Pełny tekst źródławww.ima.kth.se
Schneider, Nicholas. "Explaining the variation in commitment to the Kyoto Protocol in Annex-I and non Annex-I countries". Washington, D.C. : University of Guelph, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1306866441&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=78006&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Pełny tekst źródłaBhardwaj, Asmita. "Responses in India towards the Clean Development Mechanism". Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37133.
Pełny tekst źródła Many developed countries, such as the United States, have sought to include participation of developing countries in reducing greenhouse gas emissions mainly through binding growth caps on future emissions. Since 1997, this call for â meaningful participationâ has stalled the US ratification of the Kyoto Protocol. In response some scholars have tried to link initiatives like CDM to â meaningful participationâ . This paper suggests that rather than relying on the CDM, this contention regarding commitments can be resolved on a long-term basis if only there is a fair and explicit allocation of GHG emission quotas incorporating â equityâ concerns. Meaningful participation, which might mean quantified commitments, does not take into consideration â equityâ , a key criteria for developing country participation. Full participation can only result when Southern demands are given equal importance.
Master of Urban and Regional Planning
Jones, Cody. "Post Kyoto Protocol International Frameworks on Greenhouse-Gas Emissions: Does the Presence of Informal Economies Limit their Efficacy?" Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-183384.
Pełny tekst źródłaGarrana, Roxanne Estanqueiro. "Avaliação do êxito do Protocolo de Quioto em Portugal". Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/4599.
Pełny tekst źródłaVários cientistas, de várias partes do mundo, já chamaram a atenção para a situação crítica do aquecimento global que tem colocado em risco o desenvolvimento sustentável do planeta. Tais peritos nesta matéria afirmam que esse fenómeno catastrófico, resultante da sobreexploração atmosférica, tem sido impulsionado, em mais de noventa por cento, pela acção humana. Logo, cabe aos governos nacionais implementar políticas nacionais de mitigação das emissões de gases com efeito de estufa, a fim de limitar o aumento da temperatura e proporcionar condições sustentáveis de vida na Terra. Visto que este fenómeno tem um cariz global, pois a elevada concentração de gases com efeito de estufa em determinada parte do mundo pode repercutir os seus impactos negativos em outras partes do globo, é necessáro que se estabeleça uma cooperação internacional para fazer face ao problema em questão. Ora, o Protocolo de Quioto tem sido, até ao momento presente, o mais significativo acordo da comunidade internacional no que concerne às alterações climáticas. Aquando das suas negociações, optou-se pelo mecanismo de mercado como o instrumento de incentivo económico mais eficiente para o controlo das emissões. Este estudo serviu, portanto, o propósito de perceber se o Protocolo foi bem sucedido em Portugal e se contribuiu para a real descida de emissões de gases com efeito de estufa nos últimos anos. Tendo sido realizadas algumas análises estatísticas e entrevistas a peritos nesta matéria, constatou-se que o Protocolo será, à partida, bem sucedido em Portugal, não só a nível do cumprimento da quota que lhe foi atribuída, mas também da efectiva mitigação das emissões. Os esforços do seu cumprimento basearam-se, essencialmente, na incorporação de energias renováveis na economia e em ganhos de eficiência energética.
A large number of scientists from all over the world have claimed that the phenomenon of global warming is putting the sustainability of our planet in jeopardy. Those experts have also said that this catastrophic phenomenon, which results from the over-exploitation of the atmosphere, has been driven by human activity, by more than ninety percent. Therefore, it is the national governments' duty to implement national policies concerning the mitigation of the emission of green house gases, in order to limit the rise of temperature levels and to provide sustainable conditions for life in Earth. As this phenomenon has a global nature, since the high concentration of green house gases in some parts of the world may originate negative impacts on other parts of the globe, it is necessary to establish some international co-operation to tackle the problem at hand. So far, the Kyoto Protocol has been the most significant agreement made in the international community in terms of climate change. During its negotiations, the market mechanism was chosen as the most efficient economic incentive instrument to control emissions. In conclusion, the aim of this study was to understand if the Kyoto Protocol has been successful in Portugal, and if it has significantly influenced the decrease in the emissions of green house gases in the last years. Having made some statistical analysis, as well as, interviewing experts in this area, it can be said that the Protocol will most probably be well succeeded in Portugal, in regard to the compliance with the stipulated allowance and the real decrease of emissions. The main efforts of this accomplishment are a result of the incorporation of renewable energies in the economy and gains of energy efficiency.
Knesplová, Jana. "Analýza vlivu emisního obchodování na investiční rozhodování ve firmě". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-75495.
Pełny tekst źródłaHatalová, Michaela. "Rozvojové krajiny a ich prístup k politike boja proti klimatickým zmenám". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-192580.
Pełny tekst źródłaDuncan, R. "Greenhouse economics: the Australian Government mobilises the numbers in the lead up to Kyoto". Thesis, Honours thesis, University of Tasmania, 1997. https://eprints.utas.edu.au/768/1/front_matter.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaAjao, Saidat Aderonke. "Decision-making processes of African leaders on climate change : a case study of the succession to the Kyoto-Protocol". Thesis, Durham University, 2013. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/7358/.
Pełny tekst źródłaMoreira, Helena Margarido [UNESP]. "A atuação do Brasil no regime internacional de mudanças climáticas de 1995 a 2004". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/93729.
Pełny tekst źródłaCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
O regime internacional de mudanças climáticas é um dos mais complexos regimes ambientais, por tratar simultaneamente de questões políticas, econômicas, energéticas, de desenvolvimento e ambientais. Tal regime começou a ser formado com a assinatura da Convenção-Quadro das Nações Unidas sobre Mudanças Climáticas, em 1994, e adquiriu importância com a elaboração de diversos documentos para lhe conferir maior eficácia, como o Mandato de Berlim, o Protocolo de Kyoto e os Acordos de Marraqueche. Durante o processo negociador desse regime, várias coalizões de países com interesses diversos se formaram, e dentre estas coalizões, o Grupo dos 77/China. Neste processo, alguns países adquiriram maior proeminência nas negociações, contribuindo de forma substancial para a conformação do regime do clima. Um desses países é o Brasil, um país emergente com características muito particulares e que exerce um papel importante nas negociações ambientais internacionais, e que foi o objeto de análise desta dissertação. A hipótese desta pesquisa é que o Brasil possui certas particularidades, como a maior parte da floresta amazônica e sua matriz energética majoritariamente limpa, e estas ajudaram a definir grande parte da posição assumida pelo país nas negociações do regime internacional de mudanças climáticas. Para provar isso, estudamos e analisamos a posição defendida pelo Brasil nos dois principais tópicos de negociação para os países em desenvolvimento no Protocolo de Kyoto: o Mecanismo de Desenvolvimento Limpo (MDL) e os compromissos de redução das emissões de gases de efeito estufa, durante o período de 1995 a 2004. A metodologia utilizada para testar essa hipótese foi uma revisão bibliográfica de artigos e livros, bem como a análise de documentos oficiais e depoimentos de representantes das delegações brasileiras...
International regime of climate change is one of the most complex environmental regimes because it simultaneously addresses political, economic, energetic, environmental and development issues. This regime was launched with the signature of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in 1994. The impact of the international regime of climate change was increased through the elaboration of several documents intended to make the regime more efficient, such as the Berlin Mandate, the Kyoto Protocol and the Marrakech Accords. Throughout the negotiation process (of the regime or the mandate/protocol/accords), many coalitions of countries with different interests were formed, such as the G77/China. Within this coalition, some countries play a prominent role in the negotiations, contributing substantially to the current climate regime configuration. Brazil is one of these countries and, therefore, it is the subject of this dissertation. The hypothesis of this thesis is that certain particular characteristics of the country, especially the Brazilian Amazon rainforest and its renewable energy resources, greatly affect the country’s position on climate change negotiations. In order to prove this hypothesis, we will analyze Brazil’s position regarding two specific topics of the Kyoto Protocol: Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) and the greenhouse gases emission reduction commitments to developing countries, during the period from 1995 to 2004. The methodology used to conduct this analysis included the bibliographical review of articles and books, and the study of official documents and reports from the Brazilian delegates present at the aforementioned meetings. Finally, we will analyze the way that Brazil’s particular characteristics influence the country’s position on these main two topics and contributed to the current configuration of the... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Петровська, С. А., i Н. М. Петрушко. "Стан проблеми сталого розвитку в Україні". Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2011. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/11807.
Pełny tekst źródłaDomingos, Nicole de Paula. "O Protocolo de Kyoto : a União Européia na liderança do regime de mudanças climáticas /". Marília : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/93735.
Pełny tekst źródłaBanca: Jacques Marcovitch
Banca: Reginaldo Mattar Nasser
O Programa de Pos-Graduação em Relações Internacionais é instituido em parceria com a Unesp/Unicamp/PUC-SP, em projeto subsidiado pela CAPES, intitulado "Programa San Tiago Dantas"
Resumo: Esta pesquisa analisa os fatores que levaram a União Européia a adotar uma estratégia de liderança nas negociações multilaterais sobre mudanças climáticas, principalmente após a recusa dos Estados Unidos em ratificar o Protocolo de Kyoto no ano de 2001. O trabalho aponta que o posicionamento da UE, aparentemente paradoxal, deve ser compreendido a partir de duas dimensões centrais. A primeira discute o cenário econômico-energético do bloco e sugere que esta postura pró-Kyoto sofre influência não só do aprofundamento da integração econômica, mas também da necessidade de garantir segurança energética no continente europeu. A segunda dimensão se utiliza de debates sobre política internacional para mostrar que esta estratégia pode ser interpretada como forma de consolidar a capacidade de atuação internacional dos europeus enquanto bloco. Em particular, deve-se destacar que a liderança da UE tem se consolidado especialmente em áreas onde os norte-americanos têm se desengajado progressivamente
Abstract:This research analyzes the factors that led the European Union to adopt a strategy of leadership during the multilateral negotiations on climate change issues, especially after the United States' refusal to ratify the Kyoto Protocol in 2001. This dissertation points out that the European position should be understood by two central dimensions. The first discusses the economic-energetic context of the bloc and suggests that the pro-Kyoto posture is influenced not only by the deepening economic integration, but also by the necessity of improving the security of energy supply in the European continent. The second dimension makes use of international political debates to demonstrate that this strategy could be perceived as a form to consolidate the Europeans' international capacity to act as a bloc. Particularly, it is remarkable that the European leadership has been taking place especially in areas where the North-Americans have been progressively disengaged
Mestre
Borella, Marcela Cristina. "Concretização do direito ao desenvolvimento por meio do Mecanismo do Desenvolvimento Limpo". Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2010. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/5390.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe development consists on an expansion of human capabilities with respect to increasing the security and life expectancy, education, a dignified life and free citizen. Currently, besides the assurance of economic, social and cultural development, we seek to further that it is environmentally sustainable. The provisions of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the mechanisms under the Kyoto Protocol, in particular the Clean Development Mechanism, seeking to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases by industrialized countries and promote sustainable development of the developing countries. Measures under the Kyoto Protocol to mitigate the climatic effects caused by the emission of greenhouse gases, should not be considered an obstacle to development, instead, should be seen as a tool for sustainable development in developing countries
O desenvolvimento consiste em uma ampliação das capacidades humanas no que diz respeito ao aumento e à garantia de expectativa de vida, de educação, de uma vida digna, cidadã e livre. Atualmente, além da garantia do desenvolvimento econômico, social e cultural, buscase, ainda, que seja ambientalmente sustentável. As disposições previstas na Convenção- Quadro das Nações Unidas sobre Mudança do Clima e os respectivos mecanismos previstos no Protocolo de Quioto, em especial o Mecanismo de Desenvolvimento Limpo, buscam a redução das emissões de gases de efeito estufa pelos países industrializados e a promoção de um desenvolvimento sustentável dos países em desenvolvimento. As medidas previstas no Protocolo de Quioto para amenizar os efeitos no clima causados pela emissão de gases de efeito estufa, não devem ser consideradas um entrave ao desenvolvimento, ao contrário, devem ser vistas como uma ferramenta para o desenvolvimento sustentável dos países em desenvolvimento
Oliveira, Jaqueline José Silva. "O PADRÃO DE CERTIFICAÇÃO DO FSC (FOREST STEWARDSHIP COUNCIL) PARA O MANEJO DE PLANTAÇÕES DE TECA NO BRASIL Na Perspectiva da Racionalidade Ambiental e do Capitalismo Natural". Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2010. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/2781.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe environmental problem is characterized essentially by a frenetic search to change the current economic model to a new stage of capitalism, called Natural Capitalism. This presents four principles as indispensable ways of maintaining the Earth and its species, without the naïve vision of non-development, limits to growth and the don quixotic cries to save the Earth from the obvious high global temperatures which provoke climate change. These changes are caused by polluting activities, especially those which increase the greenhouse effect, and by the lack of energetic measures to preserve the environment. A less romantic view of the proposals of Natural Capitalism will be discussed in this study which could lead to the reappropriation of nature, through the sustainable development discourse, which has attracted international agreements to guarantee sustainability (highlighting the Quioto Protocol and CON 15 in Copenhagen). This dissertation, for reasons which will become apparent, focuses on the question of environmental sustainability, based on the tripod (Triple Bottom Line) including economic, social and environmental dimensions. A significant issue that must be observed is the fact that in order to effectively guarantee a permanent adaptation of the new model of development being proposed, it is not sufficient that business leaders assimilate the concept of sustainability and produce without degrading the environment. Consumer awareness must be heightened in order to move towards an ethical market. It is up the consumer to get to know the economic, environmental and social impact of products which s/he rewards by purchase. The identification of products coming from politically correct companies will be carried out through stamps or certification, especially the green stamp, from the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC). It aims to justify the guarantee and differentiation which the FSC offers to the investor, in this case, though the plantation Teak on Brazilian land, as compared to different kinds of forest certification around the world and in Brazil.
A presente dissertação objetiva, valendo-se de subsídios multidisciplinares, analisar e demonstrar a importância do Padrão de Certificação do FSC (Forest Stewardship Council) para o manejo de plantações de teca no Brasil, bem como confrontar as questões teóricojurídicas controvertidas que deverão alcançar o âmbito diferenciado deste programa de certificação florestal, comparado aos demais sistemas existentes. O trabalho orienta-se através dos métodos hipotético-dedutivo e comparativo, apropriados ao objeto de estudo, para sanar as questões levantadas e de técnicas de investigação seguras, notadamente histórica e a monográfica. Para tanto, fez-se uso de referenciais teóricos obtidos pelas pesquisas bibliográficas e em websites, dos esquemas de certificação florestal. No transcorrer do desenvolvimento deste trabalho, destaca-se a problemática ambiental, que se caracteriza, primordialmente, pela frenética busca de mudança do modelo econômico atual para uma nova era do capitalismo: o Capitalismo Natural (Natural Capitalism). Este apresenta quatro princípios como via imprescindível na manutenção do globo e suas espécies, sem a ingênua visão (do não-desenvolvimento e dos limites ao crescimento), ofuscada pela ideologia salvacionista do planeta em relação às evidentes elevações da temperatura média global, que ocasionaram alteração climática, provocada pelas atividades poluidoras, sobretudo, as que aumentaram o efeito estufa, somadas à falta de medidas enérgicas, com o propósito de preservação ambiental. A óptica menos romântica da proposta fundamentada nos quatro princípios do capitalismo natural, que serão citados ao longo deste estudo, desemboca na reapropriação da natureza, através do discurso de desenvolvimento sustentável, em que as dificuldades em resguardar o planeta atraíram acordos internacionais (destacando o Protocolo de Quioto e a Convenção 15, em Copenhague), para garantir a sustentabilidade. A abordagem deste tema, por razões que se tornarão evidentes, está voltada para a questão ambiental, no conceito de sustentabilidade, fundamentado no tripé (Triple Bottom Line) que abrange o econômico, o social e o ambiental. Um ponto importante a ser observado consiste no fato de que a garantia de uma efetiva adaptação ao novo modelo de desenvolvimento proposto não se encontra apenas no processo de as lideranças empresariais assimilarem o conceito de sustentabilidade e produzirem sem degradar o meio ambiente, mas, especialmente, na conscientização do consumidor, o qual norteará um mercado ético. Cabe a ele saber qual é o impacto econômico, ambiental e social, que geram os produtos que premia com a sua compra. A identificação dos produtos de empresas politicamente corretas será feita através de selos ou certificações, no caso específico, do selo verde - FSC (Forest Stewardship Council), almejado pelos empreendedores madeireiros, em particular, os de plantio da tectona grandis no Brasil.
Pinheiro, Isabel Maria Chanoca. "A importância da disciplina de física e química do 3º ciclo do ensino básico na educação para o desenvolvimento sustentável". Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/15966.
Pełny tekst źródłaAbbas, José Eduardo. "A problemática econômica e geográfica em que se inserem a gestão dos resíduos sólidos domiciliares e os modernos métodos para sua incineração". Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8135/tde-04072008-113118/.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe final destination of domiciliar solid residues (DSR) triggers a problem of serious proportions in our country. Social and environmental impacts caused by earthing practices of these residues are combined, in big cities, with the lack of appropriate disposal areas due to escalating levels of demographic concentration and real estate occupation. Earthing practices of DSR in dumping grounds, controlled landfills or sanitary landfills constitute the main final destination method of residues, causing severe changes in the geographic space. Europe and other countries have been using, for more than three decades, advanced DSR incineration technics that transform the waste in thermic and electric energy. Our justification for not using the aforementioned units is due to the fact that there are doubts concerning the superiority of economic and environmental performances when compared to earthing processes. This research work displays the environmental and economic superiority of modern DSR incineration methods, and discusses international policies of transferring technology regarding environmental issues idealized on the concept of the sustainable development. Criticism is also mode towards the limits established by Environmental Economy, which clings to ecological preservation aspects without defining economic horizons to be achieved through the human activity. We finally demonstrate the influence of the carbon credits\' international market on the DSR management in a country like Brazil since the ratification of the Kyoto protocol.
Violetti, Daniele <1965>. "Climate change and the tourism sector: the clean development mechanism, a market instrument under the Kyoto Protocol to achieve multiple objectives". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2010. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/2567/1/Violetti_Daniele_tesi.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaVioletti, Daniele <1965>. "Climate change and the tourism sector: the clean development mechanism, a market instrument under the Kyoto Protocol to achieve multiple objectives". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2010. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/2567/.
Pełny tekst źródłaОвчарова, Т. Н. "Киотский протокол как метод регулирования загрязнения атмосферы на международном уровне". Thesis, Издательство СумГУ, 2004. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/22885.
Pełny tekst źródłaKnězů, Kristýna. "Legislativní a ekonomické problémy solární energie v ČR". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-71966.
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