Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Kyoto Protocol

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Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Kyoto Protocol”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021

Data aktualizacji: 9 marca 2023

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Kyoto Protocol"

Prins, Gwyn, i Steve Rayner. "The Kyoto Protocol". Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 64, nr 1 (1.03.2008): 45–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2968/064001011.

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Teobaldelli, M. "Natural disturbances and Kyoto protocol". Forest@ - Rivista di Selvicoltura ed Ecologia Forestale 5, nr 1 (20.06.2008): 153–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3832/efor0528-005.

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HILEMAN, BETTE. "Russia Approves Kyoto Protocol". Chemical & Engineering News Archive 82, nr 44 (listopad 2004): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v082n044.p009a.

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HILEMAN, BETTE. "MEETING KYOTO PROTOCOL GOALS". Chemical & Engineering News Archive 83, nr 2 (10.01.2005): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v083n002.p011.

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HILEMAN, BETTE. "U.S. Abandons Kyoto Protocol". Chemical & Engineering News Archive 79, nr 14 (2.04.2001): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v079n014.p011a.

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Aydin Coşkun, Aynur, i Gökçe Gençay. "Kyoto Protocol and “deforestation”". Forest Policy and Economics 13, nr 5 (czerwiec 2011): 366–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2011.03.013.

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Randy, Showstack. "Kyoto Protocol moves forward". Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 85, nr 41 (2004): 402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2004eo410003.

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NINOMIYA, Yasushi. "Kyoto Protocol, Kyoto Mechanisms and Japan's Climate Change Policy". Oleoscience 8, nr 5 (2008): 205–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5650/oleoscience.8.205.

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Noble, Ian, i R. J. Scholes. "Sinks and the Kyoto Protocol". Climate Policy 1, nr 1 (styczeń 2001): 5–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3763/cpol.2001.0103.

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Baba, Fumiaki. "Polymer Processing for Kyoto Protocol". Seikei-Kakou 17, nr 1 (20.01.2005): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4325/seikeikakou.17.12_1.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Kyoto Protocol"

Noventa, Simone <1987&gt. "Kyoto Protocol, Carbon Market ed economia reale". Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/2434.

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Attraverso la stesura del seguente lavoro, si ha l’intenzione di evidenziare una possibile relazione tra il mercato delle quote di CO2, conosciuto come ETS, introdotto con protocollo di Kyoto ed i principali fattori economici che influenzano quotidianamente l’economia europea.

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Lederer, Markus. "Klimapolitik zwischen Kyoto und Cancún". Universität Potsdam, 2010. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2010/4439/.

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In diesem Beitrag wird der Hintergrund der internationalen Klimaverhandlungen erläutert und die Ergebnisse des Kopenhagen-Akkords vorgestellt. Angesichts des Scheiterns der Kopenhagener Konferenz muss die zeitnahe Schließung eines rechtlich bindenden, globalen Klimaabkommens als unwahrscheinlich gelten. Die Klimapolitik wird zukünftig verstärkt auf nationalstaatlicher und transnationaler Ebene erfolgen.

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Ovsyannikov, D. "The kyoto protocol and climate change - background information". Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2012. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/26709.

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Ovcharova, T. "Prospects of ratifying the Kyoto protocol in Ukraine". Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2004. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/23134.

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Cocco, Stefano <1991&gt. "Climate Change: the Kyoto Protocol and the deforestation problem". Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/8021.

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Climate change is one of the top priorities of our generation. The sustainability of the present economic order is questioned by the negative impact that the industrialised society has generated from the XVII century onward. My work is motivated by the consideration that the awareness on how important and irreparable the consequences of climate change are is still insufficient, as well as the answers that the international community has provided. Greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations in the atmosphere are constantly growing, and global temperature has already increased by 1° C above pre-industrial levels, with an expectation to grow from 3.7 °C to 4.8 °C within the century under a business-as-usual path, with catastrophic consequences. The first global response to the challenges of climate change came with the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the non-binding agreement that was signed on the issue in 1992, and with its Kyoto Protocol in 1997. My work, through the analysis of the Protocol and of its evolution hitherto, has the objective of highlighting the weaknesses and the strengths of the international process on climate change action, with a particular focus on the deforestation problem, and to offer, more than an occasion to reflect, a motivation to act. Drawing data from the IPCC, the World Bank, and the UNFCCC documentations, and from the rich climate change literature and journals, what emerges overall is the inadequacy of the “Kyoto process” to provide the necessary results on global GHG reduction. Different visions and priorities between developed and developing countries have slowed the UNFCCC negotiations, as well as its effectiveness. It was known from the start that the implementation of the Protocol was only a first step in climate change mitigation, but progresses have missed the expectations of stakeholders and civil society. Moreover, chances to enhance forests as GHG removal sinks, in particular through the REDD+ process, have been behindhand. The new Paris Agreement of December 2015 is virtually the last occasion to realise a globally coordinated effort to fight climate change, and its provisions on mitigation and adaptation to climate change have to be strengthened and embraced by all the UNFCCC’s member States to have a chance of reducing emissions. Currently, considerable gap exists between national and international purposes and actions to reduce emissions and the actual level required to keep average global temperatures rising no more than 2° C above their pre-industrial level, above which science shows that there is a much higher risk of very serious climate impacts. Responding to the climate threat requires strong government action at all levels, in a complex process that should include close cooperation between governments, the private sector, NGOs, and civil society. This challenge implies the construction of a new paradigm, which starts from the bottom, from the principles of equity, cooperation and awareness.

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Yang, Haoyuan, i Qian Zhang. "How Effective is the Kyoto Protocol in Impelling Emission Reduction". Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Economics, Finance and Statistics, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-15762.

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The Kyoto Protocol is one of the most important international climate change treaties aimed at fighting global warming. On January 1st 2005, the protocol was enforced with its first commitment period 2008-2012. However, the effectiveness of reducing CO2 emission has long been debated. The purpose of this thesis is to empirically as-sess the impact of the Kyoto Protocol on carbon dioxide reduction across countries, whether the protocol led significant difference after entering force in 2005. The data used in this thesis cover 37 Annex B countries and 148 non-annex B countries from 1990 to 2007. The models are constructed on the basis of the various contributing fac-tors to CO2 emissions and the Environmental Kuznets Curve model. The main find-ing is contrary against the result expected. The insignificant dummy variable cannot indicate that there is a “structural break” of CO2 emissions reduction after the Kyoto Protocol was implemented. The conclusion is that political agreements such as Kyoto Protocol cannot show critical effects on reducing carbon dioxide. The underlying main driving factors of CO2 emission are energy use, electricity from coal source, fossil fuel burning, in other words, industrialization. And the technology develop-ments cannot keep in pace with finding a new energy source and effectively control-ling CO2 emissions in the short run.

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Paltsev, Sergey, John M. Reilly, Henry D. Jacoby i Kok Hou Tay. "The Cost of Kyoto Protocol Targets: The Case of Japan". MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/5425.

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This paper applies the MIT Emissions Prediction and Policy Analysis (EPPA) model to analysis of the cost of the Kyoto Protocol targets, with a special focus on Japan. The analysis demonstrates the implications of the use of different measures of cost, and explains the apparent paradox that the relative carbon price among Kyoto parties may not be an accurate measure of their relative welfare costs. Attention is given to the role of relative emissions intensity and various distortions, in the form of fuel and other taxes, in determining the burden of a climate policy. Also, effects of climate policy on welfare through an influence on the terms of trade are explored. We consider the cases of the EU, Japan, and Canada, each meeting their Kyoto targets, and the US meeting the Bush Administration’s intensity target. For a country with a low emissions intensity as in Japan, the absolute reduction in tons is small relative to the macroeconomy, and this reduces its welfare loss as a share of total national welfare. Low emissions intensity (high energy efficiency) also means the economy has few options to reduce emissions still further, resulting in a higher carbon price. Energy efficiency thus pushes in both directions, lowering the number tons that need to be reduced but raising the direct cost per ton. But other factors also are important in explaining costs differences. Existing fuel taxes are very high in Japan and Europe, increasing the economic cost of a greenhouse gas emissions reduction policy. For these regions, the extra cost due to these distortions is several times the direct cost of the emissions mitigation policy itself. In contrast, fuels taxes are low in the US and relatively low in Canada. The US, EU, and Japan gain somewhat from reductions in world prices of oil and other fuels because they are net importers. Canada, in contrast, is a significant net energy exporter, and its policy costs rise considerably because of lost energy export revenue. This effect on Canada is due mostly to implementation of the policy in the other regions rather than to domestic implementation. Canada is also the most emissions intensive of these regions, a factor that contributes to its cost of control.
Abstract in HTML and technical report in PDF available on the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change website (http://mit.edu/globalchange/www/).

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Rock, Joachim. "Klimaschutz und Kohlenstoff in Holz : Vergleich verschiedener Strategien". Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2008. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2008/1753/.

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Wälder haben im Bezug zum Klimawandel mehrere Rollen: Sie sind Kohlenstoffspeicher, -senken, sowie Lieferanten von Holz als Rohstoff für die Kohlenstoffspeicher in Produkten und für Substitution fossiler Energieträger. Unter Klimaschutzgesichtspunkten ist es wünschenswert, die Kohlenstoffbindung im Gesamtsystem aus Senken, Speichern und Substitution zu maximieren und zu entscheiden, welche Maßnahme an welchem Ort und unter welchen Rahmenbedingungen den größten positiven Effekt auf die CO2-Bilanz hat. Um die Speicherung in den verschiedenen Kompartimenten erfassen zu können müssen geeignete Inventurverfahren zur Verfügung stehen. Die IPCC – GPG benennen die Speicher und geben zum Teil Anforderungen an die zu erreichende Inventurgenauigkeit. Aus der klassischen Forsteinrichtung stehen genügend Methoden zur Verfügung, um das oberirdische Volumen sehr genau zu erheben. Um den Anforderungen an ein umfassendes Kohlenstoffmonitoring genügen zu können, müssen diese Verfahren in den Bereichen Erfassung von Störungsfolgen, Totholzdynamik, Boden und der Berechnung von Gesamt-Kohlenstoffvorräten aus dem Holzvolumen ergänzt werden. Zusätzlich bietet sich an, Bewirtschaftungsmaßnahmen entsprechend zu erfassen, um ihre Auswirkung auf die Kohlenstoffdynamik ebenfalls feststellen zu können. Dies ist für die Berichterstattung zwischen Inventuren sowie für die Herausrechnung von nicht-menschenverursachter erhöhter Kohlenstoffspeicherung („factoring out“ im Sinne des KP) wünschenswert. Wenn Bewirtschaftungsmaßnahmen unterschieden werden können und ihre Auswirkungen auf C-Vorräte bestimmbar sind, ist eine Verifizierung erhöhter Speicherung auch z. B. für Projekte nach Art. 3.4 des KP durchführbar. Diese Arbeiten stecken jedoch noch in der Anfangsphase. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurde die erste verfügbare qualitative Übersicht zu dieser Thematik erstellt. Die Optimierung der Wald-Holz-Option wird durch die im Kyoto-Protokoll (und den zugehörigen Folgeabkommen) vereinbarten Regelungen erschwert, da einerseits zwischen Wald und Produkten eine Trennung besteht und andererseits die Maßnahmenverantwortlichem im Wald nicht direkt durch das KP angesprochen werden. Eingeschlagenes Holz wird im Wald als Emission betrachtet und dem entsprechenden Sektor zugerechnet, was jedoch keine Auswirkungen auf den Forstbetrieb hat. Dieser profitiert im Gegenteil derzeit von der durch die – auch von KP Regelungen beeinflussten – Holzpreise und erhöht die Nutzungen, was zu Vorratsabsenkungen im Wald führt. Ob diese Absenkungen durch die Substitutionseffekte des geernteten Holzes kompensiert werden ist derzeit noch nicht geklärt. Um die Trennung zwischen Wald und Produktpool aufzuweichen bietet es sich an, die Waldbesitzer am Emissionsrechtehandel teilhaben zu lassen, damit nicht nur die Ernte sondern auch der Ernteverzicht finanziell bewertbar sind. Sozio-ökonomische Szenarien zur künftigen Entwicklung der Landwirtschaft zeigen große Flächenpotentiale, die für die Nahrungs- und Futtermittelproduktion nicht mehr benötigt werden oder nicht mehr rentabel sein werden. Eine mögliche Nutzung in Zukunft sind Energieholzplantagen. Informationen zu möglichen Erträgen sind zur Zeit noch unzureichend und Analysen zur Nachhaltigkeit dieser Erträge unter Klimawandel sind nicht vorhanden. In dieser Arbeit wurde mit dem ökophysiologischen Waldwachstumsmodell 4C an Beispielsstandorten in Brandenburg das Wachstum von Energieholzplantagen unter derzeitigem Klima und unter verschiedenen regionalisierten Klimawandelszenarien bis 2055 simuliert. Ertragspotentiale liegen derzeit auf der Mehrzahl der Standorte im positiven Bereich, auf einigen Standorten ist jedoch nur begrenzt mit positiven Deckungsbeiträgen zu rechnen. Bis 2055 ist in allen Szenarien mit einem leichten Rückgang der Erträge und einer deutlicheren Verringerung der Grundwasserneubildung unter Energieholzplantagen zu rechnen. Die Unterschiede zwischen Standorten sind jedoch derzeit und unter zukünftig möglichem Klima stärker als klimabedingte Änderungen. Bei der großflächigen Anlage von Energieholzplantagen können negative Auswirkungen auf die Biodiversität und andere Naturschutzbelange eintreten. Eine diese Effekte abmildernde Flächengestaltung, die trotzdem Erträge auf dem Niveau heutiger Vollerwerbslandwirtschaft erreicht, ist möglich. Insgesamt lässt sich für die Optimierung der Wald-Holz-Option feststellen, dass eine Nicht-Nutzung bestehender Waldflächen unter Klimaschutzgesichtspunkten negativ ist. Der Substitutionseffekt geernteten Holzes beträgt zusätzliche ca. 70 Prozent Kohlenstoff, die in dieser Form in nicht bewirtschafteten mitteleuropäischen Wäldern nicht zusätzlich gespeichert werden. Es ist davon auszugehen, dass sich durch die Berücksichtigung von Substitutionseffekten andere – wahrscheinlich kürzere – als die heute üblichen Produktionszeiten ergeben. Auf bisher waldfreien Flächen ist die Anlage von Energieholzplantagen positiver zu werten als eine normale Aufforstung.
Forests are important for climate protection: They sequester and store carbon, and provide timber for wood products and fossil fuel substitution. These functions interact in a complex way. From a climate protection point of view it is desirable to optimize these interactions, i.e. to maximize the amount of carbon stored in the whole system (called „forest-timber-option“) and to analyse what impact a management decision at the local level has with regard to the amount of carbon in the atmosphere. Inventory methods to estimate the total amount of carbon in a forest are needed. Classical forest inventories assess above-ground tree volume. To estimate total car-bon in accordance with the requirements of the Kyoto-Protocol, these inventories need to be expanded with regard to the assessment of disturbances, dead wood de-composition, soil carbon, and the estimation of carbon from volume. Methods in-vented here can also be used to assess local-level management activities, or to “fac-tor out” non-human-induced changes in carbon pools. The optimization of the „forest-timber-option“ is restricted due to regulations of the Kyoto-Protocol, because forest-related measures are accounted for under other sec-tors than wood and timber use. Harvested timber is estimated as an “emission” from the forest, and forest owners have no benefit from the use of wood for industrial pur-poses. Here, an inclusion of forestry in emission trading schemes can be advanta-geous. Alternative ways to produce wood are short-rotation coppice plantations on agricul-tural soils. Information about growth and yield potentials are scarce for the regions where land availability is high. Aspen (P. tremula, P. tremuloides) was parameterized in an eco-physiological forest growth model (“4C”) to assess these potentials on sites in Eastern Germany under current and under changing climatic conditions. The re-sults indicate that growth potentials are more sensitive to soil quality than to climatic conditions. Potential yields allow for incomes comparable to standard agriculture, but biodiversity and groundwater recharge may be negatively affected by large-scale plantations. An optimization of the „forest-timber-option“ requests the use of timber from forests. Harvested timber substitutes additional 70 % of carbon from fossil fuels. Forests un-der total protection do store more carbon than managed forest, but not equivalent to the substitution effects. Total protection of forests is thus no viable means for climate protection under Central European conditions.

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MORAES, LUIZ A. G. de. "Contribuição ao estudo do valor, das perspectivas e da efetividade do mecanismo de desenvolvimento limpo no protocolo de Kyoto". reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2008. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11688.

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Dissertação (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP

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Karlsson, Matilda. "EU:s normativa makt inom miljöområdet : En fallstudie om EU:s roll i det globala klimatarbetet". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för statsvetenskap (ST), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-34928.

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Over the past twenty years, the cooperation within the European Union (EU) has strengthened and expanded with both more number of Member States and stronger influence on international politics. The unique character of the Union and its ability to enforce peace and humanitarian intervention has attracted attention in political science. This prominent position of the Union is perceived by many scholars who often hold this derived from the Union's influence in international relations. Various terms have been used to define the powers of the Union. The British researcher Ian Manners states that the unique identity of the Union in the international arena is formed by its normative power. An important policy area within the Union is the environmental cooperation. It is essential to have a global understanding that an increasing cooperation within the environmental policy area is necessary in order to combat environmental degradation and climate change. In this study I have therefore chosen to examine if the Union can be considered a normative power in the area of environmental policy. To fulfill the purpose of my study I choose to examine the Kyoto protocol (2008- 2012). The Kyoto Protocol is an extension of the United Nations Framework on Climate Change and is the dominant global initiative in global environmental activities. After studying the way towards global cooperation in the battle against climate change I would say that it is obvious that the EU has guided a number of stages of key importance. In international cooperation, states are usually not willing to accept the costs they may incur from taking on greater responsibilities than other parties. The Union’s imprint as a leading party in the global fight against climate change is in many ways tangible.

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Książki na temat "Kyoto Protocol"

Oberthür, Sebastian, i Hermann E. Ott. The Kyoto Protocol. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03925-0.

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Douma, W. Th, L. Massai i M. Montini, red. The Kyoto Protocol and Beyond. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-6704-547-6.

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Massai, Leonardo. The Kyoto Protocol in the EU. The Hague, The Netherlands: T. M. C. Asser Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-6704-571-1.

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Khan, Shaheen Rafi. The Kyoto Protocol and sustainable development. Islamabad: Sustainable Development Policy Institute, 2002.

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David, Freestone, i Streck Charlotte, red. Legal aspects of implementing the Kyoto Protocol mechanisms: Making Kyoto work. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005.

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Fletcher, Susan R. Global climate change treaty: The Kyoto protocol. [Washington, D.C.]: Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, 1999.

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Fletcher, Susan R. Global climate change treaty: The Kyoto protocol. [Washington, D.C.]: Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, 1998.

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Mullins, Fiona. International emissions trading: Under the Kyoto Protocol. Paris, France: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 1999.

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Institute of Economic Growth (India), red. Implementing the Kyoto protocol: Developing country perspectives. Delhi: Institute of Economic Growth, 1999.

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Grubb, Michael. The Kyoto Protocol: A guide and assessment. London: Royal Institute of International Affairs, Energy and Environmental Programme, 1999.

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Części książek na temat "Kyoto Protocol"

Zaharia, Rodica Milena. "Kyoto Protocol". W Encyclopedia of Corporate Social Responsibility, 1562–69. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28036-8_117.

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Turner, Barry. "Kyoto Protocol". W The Stateman’s Yearbook, 75–79. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-74024-6_109.

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Chatterjee, Deen K. "Kyoto Protocol". W Encyclopedia of Global Justice, 620. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9160-5_1061.

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Turner, Barry. "Kyoto Protocol". W The Statesman’s Yearbook, 122. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230271340_109.

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Turner, Barry. "Kyoto Protocol". W The Statesman’s Yearbook 2007, 77. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230271357_111.

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Pahuja, Shuchi. "Kyoto Protocol". W Encyclopedia of Sustainable Management, 1–5. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02006-4_562-1.

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Occhipinti, Zeila, i Roberto Verona. "Kyoto Protocol (KP)". W Climate Action, 605–17. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95885-9_23.

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Occhipinti, Zeila, i Roberto Verona. "Kyoto Protocol (KP)". W Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals, 1–13. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71063-1_23-1.

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Oberthür, Sebastian, i Hermann E. Ott. "Kyoto: The Endgame". W The Kyoto Protocol, 77–91. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03925-0_7.

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Oberthür, Sebastian, i Hermann E. Ott. "The Science of Climate Change". W The Kyoto Protocol, 3–12. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03925-0_1.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Kyoto Protocol"

Nwaka, Nnamdi A. "GHG Mitigation Strategies (Kyoto Protocol)". W Carbon Management Technology Conference. Carbon Management Technology Conference, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.7122/438982-ms.

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Walker, Sean, Keith W. Hipel i Takehiro Inohara. "Strategic analysis of the Kyoto Protocol". W 2007 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsmc.2007.4413880.

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ĆURKOVIĆ, ANA, IVAN ANDROČEC i ANTE ĆURKOVIĆ. "IMPLEMENTATION OF KYOTO PROTOCOL AND EMISSIONS TRADING". W Proceedings of the 3rd Dubrovnik Conference. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812771285_0039.

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Narin, Müslüme. "Flexible Mechanisms of the Kyoto Protocol: Emissions Trading". W International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c04.00770.

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The growth of the world economy, rapid population growth and urbanization increased the demand for energy. Nowadays, a large part of the growing demand for energy provided by fossil fuels, carbon dioxide and greenhouse gas emissions resulting from the burning of these fuels leading to climate change and global warming. Reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in 1994 to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, the Kyoto Protocol entered into force in 2005. The Kyoto Protocol, emission volume of the three market-based flexibility mechanisms have to be considered. One of these mechanisms is emissions trading. This study will focus on emissions trading systems and carbon markets. All over the world in recent years, based on the spot and futures contracts are traded on the carbon. In this direction of the world's carbon stocks and its activities will be discussed. Also in 2008, in the aftermath of the global crisis and European Debt Crisis its effects on carbon markets will be investigated.

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Matthews, W. Andrew, Stephen Wood i Brian J. Connor. "Kyoto protocol: challenge for the remote sensing community". W Third International Asia-Pacific Environmental Remote Sensing Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere, Ocean, Environment, and Space, redaktorzy Hung-Lung Huang, Daren Lu i Yasuhiro Sasano. SPIE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.466767.

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Yong, Zhao. "Control of CO2 Emissions of China under Kyoto Protocol". W 2009 International Conference on Energy and Environment Technology. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iceet.2009.474.

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Onoda, Masami. "Monitoring Greenhouse Gases from Space and the Kyoto Protocol". W 57th International Astronautical Congress. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.iac-06-e6.3.04.

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Gambini, Marco, i Michela Vellini. "The Kyoto Protocol: Some Considerations About Its Applications in Italy". W ASME 2007 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2007-22026.

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Climate change is a very important environmental, social and economic global problem. During the last century, the Earth’s average surface temperature rose by around 0.6°C. Evidence is getting stronger that most of the global warming that has occurred over the last 50 years is attributable to human activities. Human activities that contribute to climate change include the burning of fossil fuels because it causes emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), which is the main gas responsible for climate change. In order to bring climate change to a halt, global greenhouse gas emissions would have to be reduced significantly. The European Union (EU) is engaged in international efforts to combat climate change. The EU is also taking serious steps to address its own greenhouse gas emissions. In March 2000 the Commission launched the European Climate Change Programme (ECCP). The ECCP led to the adoption of a range of new policies and measures, among which the EU’s emissions trading scheme, which started its operation on 1 January 2005, will play a key role. In this paper, we want to shortly explain the mechanisms of the Kyoto Protocol, paying particular attention to the Emission Trading. We want to illustrate the European directive and the consequent Italian one: we will explain the Italian implementing norms that have been emitted for the period 2005–2007 and 2008–2012. Limiting then the analysis to the sector of electricity production, we want to show some examples of Italian power plants: we will illustrate them and we will estimate their CO2 emissions (according to a typical annual operation). The emission levels will be compared with CO2 quotas assigned in the period 2008–2012: these results will be commented in terms of the unavoidable economic implications that such allocation will involve. The CO2 quotas, assigned to Italy already for the period 2005–2007, involve a large control of these emissions: such situation will be reflected unavoidably on the increase of the kWh cost (it is already particularly high in comparison with the European average because of the particular energetic mix on which our electricity production is based): these effects could be particularly heavy for the competitiveness of our production system and for the modernization and the widening of our power plant park.

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Damasceno, Carlos Fernandoi, Gino Montanari, Antonio Diederik, Alfredo Castelli i Claudia Silva. "Avoided CO2 by Flex vehicles in agreement with Kyoto protocol". W SAE Brasil 2005 Congress and Exhibit. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2005-01-3988.

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Mech, Andre, i Scott Rouse. "Macro and Micro Economic Principles of the Kyoto Protocol Result - Making Money". W 2006 IEEE EIC Climate Change Conference. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eicccc.2006.277241.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Kyoto Protocol"

JA Edmonds, CN MacCracken, RD Sands i SH Kim. UNFINISHED BUSINESS: The Economics of The Kyoto Protocol. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), lipiec 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/757660.

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Copeland, Brian, i M. Scott Taylor. Free Trade and Global Warming: A Trade Theory View of the Kyoto Protocol. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, kwiecień 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w7657.

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İçen, Hüseyin. İSLÂM SOSYALİZMİNDE MÜLKİYET ALGISI Mustafa es-Sibâî’nin İştirâkiyyetü’l-İslâm Eseri Özelinde. İLKE İlim Kültür Eğitim Vakfı, styczeń 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26414/ikm006.

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Çevre, canlı ve cansız varlıkların içinde yaşadığı ve birbirleriyle ilişki içerisinde oldukları alandır. İnsanlar ve ilişki içerisinde oldukları her şey çevre kapsamında kabul edildiğinden çevrenin korunması tüm canlılar için önem arz etmektedir. İslam’da her şey bir denge üzerine kuruludur. Bu nedenle bireyler bu dengeyi tahrip etmemeli, korumak için çaba göstermelilerdir. Çalışmamız, çevre kirliliğinin bir türü olan hava kirliliği meselesini ele almaktadır. Günümüzde çevre konusu bağlamında küresel ısınma ve iklim değişikliği gibi problemlerin çözümüne yönelik birçok teşebbüsün olduğu bilinmektedir. Çalışmamızın hareket noktasını oluşturan Kyoto Protokolü de çevre problemlerinin çözümü için atılan adımlardan biridir. İslam hukukundaki mülkiyet anlayışı çerçevesinde Kyoto Protokolü’nde bulunan “emisyon ticareti” meselesini ele alan bu çalışma, protokolün sonuçları doğrultusunda çevre konusunda yapılması gerekenlere dair önerilere yer vermektedir. Bu önerilerden en önemlileri bireyler bazında sorumluluk anlayışının geliştirilmesi, kurumlar bazında ise yasal düzenlemeler yapılmasının gerekliliğidir.

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Cevherli, Feyza. HAVAYI KİRLETME HAKKININ MÜLKİYETİ VE SATIN ALIMI: İSLAM HUKUKU’NDA ÇEVRENİN KORUNMASI PERSPEKTİFİNDEN KYOTO PROTOKOLÜ. İLKE İlim Kültür Eğitim Vakfı, styczeń 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26414/ikm005.

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19 ve 20 yüzyılın dünyasında birçok düşünce akımı ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu akımlardan biri sosyalizmdir. Sosyalizm, İslâm dünyasında dergi gibi yayın organları vasıtası ile tanınmıştır. Daha sonraları Müslümanların yaşadığı coğrafyada sosyalizm kavramına karşılık olarak “iştirâkiyye” kelimesi kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Bu coğrafyada “İştirâkiyyetü’l-İslâm” kavramı İslâm Sosyalizmi olarak karşılık bulmuştur. Sosyalizm akımı ile alakalı olan önemli bir kavram mülkiyettir. Mülkiyet, sahibine eşya üzerinde en kapsamlı yetkileri sağlayan haktır. Klasik fıkıh kitaplarında mülkiyet ile alakalı birçok mesele bulunmaktadır. Geçtiğimiz yüzyılın değişen dünyasında mülkiyet kavramına bakış açısı da değişmiştir. Sosyalizm akımı bu dönemde mülkiyete bakış açısını etkileyen faktörlerden biridir. 20 yüzyılda Suriye bölgesinde yaşamış ve aynı zamanda bir dönem Şam Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi’nde öğretim görevlisi olan Mustafa es-Sibai, Batı’da ortaya çıkan sosyalizm kavramından faydalanarak Batılı yaklaşımdan farklı şekilde İslam sosyalizmi teorisini oluşturmuş ve bu konuda “İştirâkiyyetü’l- İslâm” adında bir eser kaleme almıştır. Adı geçen eserde İslam sosyalizminin temellerinin İslam’da zaten var olduğunu belirten Mustafa es-Sibai kitabında eşitlik, adalet, işçi hakları ve mülkiyet gibi konular üzerinde değerlendirmelerde bulunmuştur. İslam sosyalizmi teorisini oluşturma iddiası ve mülkiyet kavramına yaklaşımı Mustafa es-Sibai’yi ayırıcı kılan unsurlardandır. Bu çalışmada önce sosyalizm ve İslam sosyalizminin gelişim süreci hakkında bilgiler verilecektir. Daha sonra da klasik fıkıh kitaplarında mülkiyet kavramının konumu ve tasnifine yer verilecek ve Mustafa es-Sibai’nin bu kavrama yaklaşımı incelenmeye çalışılacaktır.

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Impacts of the Kyoto protocol on U.S. energy markets and economic activity. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), październik 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/674900.

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