Artykuły w czasopismach: „Korea”

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Yang, Chang-Seok. "Lessons of German Unification for Korea". International Bulletin of Mission Research 42, nr 2 (29.01.2018): 106–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2396939318757166.

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Despite differences between Korea and Germany, German unification provides valuable lessons for Korean unification. Maintaining a dialogue channel between the two Koreas is critical for keeping peace and promoting reconciliation. It is also imperative that South Korean humanitarian work resume in the North. With humanitarian projects, South Korean NGOs can increase contact with ordinary North Korean people. “Change through contact” is a crucial method of demonstrating love for those in North Korea, promoting relationship-building and trust that may facilitate in creating a foundation for rebuilding North Korea and ultimately reuniting the Korean people.

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Araz qızıHüseynova, Günay. "Analysis of similarities and differences between the economic systems of North and South Korea". SCIENTIFIC WORK 76, nr 3 (18.03.2022): 148–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/76/148-152.

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1910-cu ildə Yaponiya tərəfindən müstəmləkə halına salına salınmış vahid dövlət olan Koreya İkinci Dünya Müharibəsinin sonunda müvəqqəti olaraq ekvatorun şimal enliyinin 38-ci paraleli üzrə Sovet hakimiyyəti tərəfindən dəstəklənən Şimali Koreyaya və ABŞ tərəfindən dəstəklənən Cənubi Koreyaya bölündü. Ölkənin bölünməsindən beş il sonra, 1950-ci il 25 iyun tarixində Şimali Koreyanın kommunist lideri Kim İl Sonq Koreyanı öz nəzarəti altında birləşdirməyə məqsədi ilə Cənubi Koreyaya qəfil işğala başladı. Müharibə 27 iyul 1953-cü ildə Koreya Sülh Müqaviləsinin imzalanması iki ölkə arasında Demilitarizasiya zonası yaradılması və ilə başa çatdı. Açar sözlər: Cənubi Koreya, Şimali Koreya, “Gün işığı” siyasəti, iqtisadiyyat, mədəniyyət, media Gunay Araz Huseynova Analysis of similarities and differences between the economic systems of North and South Korea Abstract At the end of World War II, Korea, a unified state colonized by Japan in 1910, was temporarily divided into Soviet-backed North Korea and US-backed South Korea along the 38th parallel of the northern equator. Five years after the country's partition, on June 25, 1950, North Korean communist leader Kim Il Sung launched a surprise invasion of South Korea with the aim of uniting Korea under his control. The war ended with the signing of the Korean Peace Treaty on July 27, 1953, and the establishment of a demilitarization zone between the two countries. Key words: South Korea, North Korea, Sunshine policy, economy, culture, media

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Cha, Minjoo, i Younhee Kang. "Analysis of Basic Nursing Textbooks in North and South Korea". Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction 23, nr 10 (31.05.2023): 661–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.22251/jlcci.2023.23.10.661.

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Objectives The purpose of the study was to analyze and compare the nursing education on the basic nursing skills between South and North Koreas, and to understand the nursing education in North Korea so as to provide basic data for nursing education and research in Unificated Korea. Methods This study was a content analysis through qualitative and simple categorization to grasp the nursing education and nursing skills based on comparing both basic nursing textbooks in South and North Koreas. Data were collected through textbooks stored at the North Korean Resource Center under the Ministry of Unification, South Korea. Results Nursing skills in South and North Koreas were different in normal range and measurement methods for vital signs, intravenous injection, management of indwelling catheter, and type of disinfectant. For medical terms written in textbooks, English was often used in South Korea, but pure Korean and Latin were often used in North Korea. Conclusions Nursing skills described in nursing textbooks differed in North and South Korea. There were also differences in cultural, language, and ideological aspects other than nursing skills. After unification, in order to maintain the high nursing competence of the two Koreas, it is essential to integrate mutually understandable nursing skills and to develop a nursing textbook. In addition, it is significant to develop integrated nursing curriculum and teaching and learning materials in preparing to integrate the health systems in South and North Koreas.

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Yoon, Jong-Han. "The Effect of US Foreign Policy on the Relationship Between South and North Korea: Time Series Analysis of the Post-Cold War Era". Journal of East Asian Studies 11, nr 2 (sierpień 2011): 255–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1598240800007189.

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In this study, I examine the effect of US foreign policy on the relationship between South Korea and North Korea. In particular, I analyze whether two different foreign policy approaches—the hard-line approach and the soft-line approach—have played a role in advancing or slowing steps toward peace in the Korean peninsula. I use the Integrated Data for Events Analysis dataset for the period 1990–2004. By employing a Vector Autoregression model, which analyzes the behavioral patterns of South and North Korea and the United States, I find that US foreign policy affects the relationship between the two Koreas by affecting North Korea's behavior toward South Korea. The triangular relationship among the United States, North Korea, and South Korea shows a reciprocal behavior pattern. This finding suggests that a soft-line and reciprocal US foreign policy toward North Korea is critical to maintaining peace in the Korean peninsula.

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SCHWEKENDIEK, DANIEL. "HEIGHT AND WEIGHT DIFFERENCES BETWEEN NORTH AND SOUTH KOREA". Journal of Biosocial Science 41, nr 1 (styczeń 2009): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002193200800299x.

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SummaryThis paper investigates height and weight differences between the two Koreas by comparing national anthropometric data published by the South Korean Research Institute of Standard and Science with United Nations survey data collected inside North Korea in 2002. For socioeconomic reasons, pre-school children raised in the developing country of North Korea are up to 13 cm shorter and up to 7 kg lighter than children who were brought up in South Korea – an OECD member. North Korean women were also found to weigh up to 9 kg less than their Southern counterparts.

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Anindita, Vinesha. "Gelombang Pengungsi Korea Utara di Korea Selatan: Politik Domestik, Integrasi dan Permasalahan Sosial". Jurnal Hubungan Internasional 13, nr 2 (28.11.2020): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jhi.v13i2.21296.

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This research attempts to analyze the wave of North Korean refugees toSouth Korea and how problems arise on the domestic political level to thesocietal level. Waves of refugees have occurred since the division of thetwo Koreas through the 38 parallel, which gave rise to defections fromNorth Korea. Meanwhile, South Korea is perceived as an ideal and safeplace to take shelter. This in turn raised numerous problems explicableby at least two theoretical frameworks, namely the world system theoryin explaining the desire to migrate, and the multiculturalist paradox,which explains the emergence of social and cultural frictions. Discourseon identity and social problems poses a challenge for the South Koreangovernment. On one hand, North Korean refugees can provide beneficialinformation for the government. On the other hand, two social problemsarise, namely the long-term problem for refugees in surviving the mentaland financial burdens, as well as the negative stigma and xenophobiaplaced by the South Korean society on the refugees. These are the reasonswhy integration remains difficult for refugees.

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Gries, Peter. "Disillusionment and Dismay: How Chinese Netizens Think and Feel About the Two Koreas". Journal of East Asian Studies 12, nr 1 (kwiecień 2012): 31–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s159824080000761x.

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The deterioration of Sino–South Korean relations following the attacks on the Cheonan and on Yonpyong Island in 2010 has again raised the question of Chinese intentions in the Korean peninsula. In this article, I explore Chinese netizen views of the two Koreas. Qualitative and quantitative evidence (in the form of a large-scale national Internet survey) provide convergent evidence that while Chinese netizens feel coolly toward both Koreas, they think and feel about them in very different ways. Chinese netizens appear to be profoundly disillusioned with a North Korea that refuses to adopt Chinese-style “reform and opening,” which only reminds them of their poor and authoritarian past. However, recent high-profile historical and cultural disputes appear to have led to widespread Chinese dismay and even anger toward South Korea as well, which is perceived to be poaching on China's proud cultural heritage. These attitudes toward Korea are reflective of evolving Chinese understandings of what it means to be Chinese in the twenty-first century.

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Byung Joon, Jung. "The Political Was Personal: Shifting Images of 76 Korean pow s Who Went to Neutral Nations". Journal of American-East Asian Relations 27, nr 3 (26.10.2020): 235–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18765610-27030003.

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Abstract Under the terms of the Korean War armistice, prisoners of war (pow s) could reject repatriation. The vast majority of non-repatriates went to either of the Koreas, China, or Taiwan. But a small group consisting of 76 Korean and twelve Chinese pow s exercised their option to go to neutral nations instead. This article examines how South Korean discourse about these outlier pow s shifted over the decades. An early assumption was that they had made a principled, ideological decision to reject both blocs of a global Cold War. But their choice of neutral countries was a more personal than ideological one. Their anti-communism appeared muted, since they also eschewed the other side. This interpretation contained little direct knowledge of the pow s themselves; it owed more to how the South Korean public saw the war that devastated their peninsula. There also was the influence of “The Square” in the Korean intellectual society and the mass media in their understanding of these Korean prisoners. After the collapse of the Soviet bloc, South Koreans became more confident about the rivalry with North Korea. This led to a reengagement with the memory of the pow s who had spurned both Koreas, making rejection of Communist North Korea more convincing and their refusal to remain in South Korea was less problematic.

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Kim, Jung-nam. "A review of the current status of North Korean calligraphy culture to restore the homogeneity of inter-Korean culture.(2): 'A Study on North Korea's Calligraphy Origin and Juche Calligraphy(주체서예) Growth and Establishment Process'". Korean Society of Calligraphy 44 (30.03.2024): 147–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.19077/tsoc.2023.44.6.

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This study is a review of the second sub-topic of the research project of the Korea Research Foundation, 'A Study on North Korea's Calligraphy Origin and Juche Calligraphy Growth and Establishment Process'. Regarding Calligraphy Origin, contrary to the general point of view, North Korea established Korean calligraphy and created another concept of calligraphy called 'Juche Calligraphy(主體書藝)'. The content related to Calligraphy Origin, this research project, has a greater gap between the two Koreas than any other field. This study aims to objectively grasp the reality of North Korea as it is and accurately derive the reality before the problem of right and wrong. This is a shortcut to knowing North Korean calligraphy properly. It was judged that its academic value was great. The logic was developed by making some criticisms on this. North Korea established the origins of Korean calligraphy and Juche calligraphy based on the Juche ideology(主體思想). First, North Korea said that 'Korean calligraphy origin was Shinji letter (including Garimto letter) from the Gojoseon period. It is more than 1,000 years earlier than the first Chinese letter, Gapgolmun(甲骨), and Pyongyang is the origin of oriental calligraphy. Through the evidence, excavated relics, and historical ruins, North Korea tried to prove its existence. The representative data are the 16 Shinji letters in “Yeongbyeonji” and the 38 Garimto letters in “Dangunsegi”, as the standard for claiming the origin of Korean calligraphy. And Shinji letters is the model(典範) of the Hunminjeongeum typeface, and it is the world's longest-standing typeface with Korean national calligraphy in the ancient period. However, there is a problem in that South Korean academia does not recognize academic value, such as Taebaekilsa, Dangunsegi, and Gyuwonsa, which are presented as evidence in North Korea. In addition, various theories exist in South Korea regarding the Hunminjeongeum font, and after the discovery of the Hunminjeongeum Haerye version(훈민정음 해례본) in the 1940s, the origin of the Hangeul creation was placed on the theory of hieroglyphics. These are still areas that require continuous discussion between the two Koreas. Second, the birth background of Juche calligraphy is that our own national calligraphy took place in the context of Chinese character worship of the ruling class and the Japanese national culture extinction policy. The Juche calligraphy theory seems to have started with Kim Jong-il's Juche art theory in 1992 and was formalized in Oh Kwang-seop's『Juche calligraphy』in 1997. In North Korea, it is regarded as “Joseon Independence” by handwritten by Kim Il-sung five years old as the origin of Juche calligraphy. With the emergence of “Joseon Independence”, a new stage has unfolded in the revolutionary calligraphy development of the working class. It is said that it opened the way for the development of independent and revolutionary calligraphy that is fundamentally different from the calligraphy of the previous period. In particular, the calligraphy shape during the anti-Japanese revolutionary struggle is a tradition of Juche calligraphy and is the original. Third, as a process of developing Juche calligraphy, ① played a role as a strong ideological weapon of Kim Il-sung's revolutionary struggle and construction projects after liberation. ② Kim Jong-il created monument calligraphy and opened a new era of calligraphy. ③ It solidified the institutional and educational conditions related to calligraphy that have taken root in today's North Korean calligraphy. As such, it is confirmed that the calligraphy culture between the two Koreas is very differentiated.

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Kim, Jung-nam. "A review of the current status of North Korean calligraphy culture to restore the homogeneity of inter-Korean culture.(2): 'A Study on North Korea's Calligraphy Origin and Juche Calligraphy(주체서예) Growth and Establishment Process'". Korean Society of Calligraphy 44 (30.03.2024): 147–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.19077/tsoc.2024.44.6.

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This study is a review of the second sub-topic of the research project of the Korea Research Foundation, 'A Study on North Korea's Calligraphy Origin and Juche Calligraphy Growth and Establishment Process'. Regarding Calligraphy Origin, contrary to the general point of view, North Korea established Korean calligraphy and created another concept of calligraphy called 'Juche Calligraphy(主體書藝)'. The content related to Calligraphy Origin, this research project, has a greater gap between the two Koreas than any other field. This study aims to objectively grasp the reality of North Korea as it is and accurately derive the reality before the problem of right and wrong. This is a shortcut to knowing North Korean calligraphy properly. It was judged that its academic value was great. The logic was developed by making some criticisms on this. North Korea established the origins of Korean calligraphy and Juche calligraphy based on the Juche ideology(主體思想). First, North Korea said that 'Korean calligraphy origin was Shinji letter (including Garimto letter) from the Gojoseon period. It is more than 1,000 years earlier than the first Chinese letter, Gapgolmun(甲骨), and Pyongyang is the origin of oriental calligraphy. Through the evidence, excavated relics, and historical ruins, North Korea tried to prove its existence. The representative data are the 16 Shinji letters in “Yeongbyeonji” and the 38 Garimto letters in “Dangunsegi”, as the standard for claiming the origin of Korean calligraphy. And Shinji letters is the model(典範) of the Hunminjeongeum typeface, and it is the world's longest-standing typeface with Korean national calligraphy in the ancient period. However, there is a problem in that South Korean academia does not recognize academic value, such as Taebaekilsa, Dangunsegi, and Gyuwonsa, which are presented as evidence in North Korea. In addition, various theories exist in South Korea regarding the Hunminjeongeum font, and after the discovery of the Hunminjeongeum Haerye version(훈민정음 해례본) in the 1940s, the origin of the Hangeul creation was placed on the theory of hieroglyphics. These are still areas that require continuous discussion between the two Koreas. Second, the birth background of Juche calligraphy is that our own national calligraphy took place in the context of Chinese character worship of the ruling class and the Japanese national culture extinction policy. The Juche calligraphy theory seems to have started with Kim Jong-il's Juche art theory in 1992 and was formalized in Oh Kwang-seop's『Juche calligraphy』in 1997. In North Korea, it is regarded as “Joseon Independence” by handwritten by Kim Il-sung five years old as the origin of Juche calligraphy. With the emergence of “Joseon Independence”, a new stage has unfolded in the revolutionary calligraphy development of the working class. It is said that it opened the way for the development of independent and revolutionary calligraphy that is fundamentally different from the calligraphy of the previous period. In particular, the calligraphy shape during the anti-Japanese revolutionary struggle is a tradition of Juche calligraphy and is the original. Third, as a process of developing Juche calligraphy, ① played a role as a strong ideological weapon of Kim Il-sung's revolutionary struggle and construction projects after liberation. ② Kim Jong-il created monument calligraphy and opened a new era of calligraphy. ③ It solidified the institutional and educational conditions related to calligraphy that have taken root in today's North Korean calligraphy. As such, it is confirmed that the calligraphy culture between the two Koreas is very differentiated.

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Toloraya, G. D. "Russia and the Issues of the Korean Peninsula". MGIMO Review of International Relations, nr 4(37) (28.08.2014): 82–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2014-4-37-82-91.

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The importance of Korean Peninsula in Russian foreign strategy is based on the need to preserve peace and stability in the Russia's Far East "soft underbelly" and to be a part of international efforts to solve the Korean problem, as well as to promote regional economic cooperation. In 1990-s Russia's position on the peninsula weakened, mainly because of the rupture of ties with North Korea, while relations with South Korea were reactive in nature. Rebalancing relations with the two Koreas in 2000-s increased Russia's involvement into Korean settlement, including the 6- party format. Russia/s relations with North Korea are now based on good neighborhood principle, however, they are far from idyllic as Russia disapproves of Pyongyang's behavior, especially its nuclear and missile activities. However to influence the situation more Russia should deepen its ties with the current Pyongyang leadership regardless of how irritating its behavior might be. Relations with the ROK are aimed at becoming strategic, but in reality are limited due to ROK's alliance with the USA. However South Korea has become the third most important economic partner in Asia. Russia is especially interested in three- party projects, such as Trans-Korean railroad (linked to Transsiberan transit way), gas pipeline and electricity grid. However implementation of these project is negatively influenced by the tensions in Korean peninsula. It can be solved only by multilateral efforts for comprehensive solution combining security guarantees for North Korea and its abandonment of nuclear option.

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Oh, Hyung Keun, i Hyun Chul Yeo. "Improving the System for Early Settlement of North Korean Refugees". Korean Association of Area Studies 42, nr 1 (30.03.2024): 115–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.29159/kjas.42.1.115.

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North Korea under the socialist system has a structure in which the type and site of work are determined according to the central policy rather than employment other than individual ability in choosing jobs for its residents. Since it is important for North Korea, which is pursuing a planned economy, to achieve production goals set in accordance with each economic sector's plan, groups take precedence over individual abilities at the work site, and there are few changes in the working environment, such as turnover or relocation of work, so efforts or activities to equip individuals with competitiveness in their activities are of little significance. Most of the North Korean defectors who entered South Korea were subordinated in such a working environment at the time of their repatriation. South Korea is making great efforts to increase the competitiveness of individuals seeking employment because economic activities are determined according to the principle of marketism. North Korean defectors who were accustomed to the socialist planned economy system had jobs, but it is difficult to settle smoothly in that employment for adaptation to South Korean society is mainly achieved through competition with the general public. With 34,000 North Korean defectors now, their successful settlement in South Korean society as a priming water for the unification of the Korean Peninsula is drawing attention as a very important issue. This is because economic independence and income are achieved through employment, and the settlement of economic stability leads to stable participation in South Korean society. The economic activities of North Korean defectors will reduce the loss of social costs for them in South Korean society as a whole, which will further benefit the South Korean economy, and serve as a cornerstone for future unification of the two Koreas. Therefore, this study aims to suggest the possibility of obtaining compulsory employment-type qualifications in consideration of educational background and career in North Korea as an institutional improvement plan for early settlement based on economic stability in South Korea.

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Ahn, Ilsup. "Paul Tillich’s ‘Method of Correlation’ and the Unification of Korea: From Correlation to Co-Reconstruction". International Journal of Public Theology 5, nr 2 (2011): 187–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156973211x562769.

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AbstractThe purpose of this article is to demonstrate the theological relevance and significance of Paul Tillich’s ‘method of correlation’ with regard to the Korean political situation, with a particular focus on the issue of the unification of North and South Korea. The first part of the article critically appropriates Tillich’s philosophical‐theological concepts such as the ‘demonic’, the ‘polarities’ and the ‘kingdom of God’ in order to analyse how the historical existence of the Korean people has been deeply shaped by the division of Korea. The second part of the article constructively applies an in-depth reading of Tillich’s theology of peace, in presenting a theological perspective on how the unification of the two Koreas might be attained through a co-reconstructive endeavour between the divided peoples of North and South Korea.

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Lee, Jewoo. "A comparative legal analysis of the institutions of non-contractual liability in the two Koreas". Pravovedenie 66, nr 3 (2022): 315–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu25.2022.306.

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The article provides a comparative legal analysis of the tort law of the Republic of Korea and the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea. The existing difference between the legal institutions of the two Koreas is considered, taking into account the influence of foreign legislation, among which special attention is given to the norms of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR). The author of the article shows that the historical roots of legal norms and the specifics of the political and economic system played a decisive role in the formation and development of the diametrically opposite institutions of tort law in the two Koreas. For example, the Civil Code of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, in contrast to the Civil Code of the Republic of Korea, establishes the principle of presumption of fault, which is a consequence of the direct and inevitable impact of Soviet law on North Korean legislation. Considering that, in contrast to bourgeois pre-revolutionary Russia, where, as in most Western countries and the Republic of Korea, the principle of the presumption of innocence in tort obligations was recognized, a change in the approach to fault took place in Soviet Russia due to socialist ideological factors. It was these ideological principles that formed the basis of the legislation of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea. Meanwhile the Civil Code of the Republic of Korea from the very beginning was based on completely different principles, as was the case in most Western countries. In addition to general tort, this article studies the norms of special torts, among which the emphasis is on the norms on liability for harm caused by minors and for harm caused by activities that create increased danger to others. It is these norms that best reveal the differences in the legal policy pursued by the legislators in South and North Korea. As is the case with general tort, different ideological principles that form the basis of legislation in the two Koreas led to a difference in the law of special torts. Although at present, the gap between South and North Korean tort institutions is not critical, it will become a serious problem in the medium to long term, as it will negatively affect the potential for unification of the two Koreas.

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Schwekendiek, Daniel. "LONGEVITY IN NORTH KOREA AND SOUTH KOREA: PREVALENCE OF CENTENARIANS IN ONE THE POOREST AND ONE OF THE RICHEST NATIONS". Journal of Biosocial Science 50, nr 2 (9.05.2017): 244–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932017000153.

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SummaryOver recent decades, economic living conditions have dramatically improved in South Korea, which now represents one of the most developed nations. At the same time, its twin in the North remains one of the poorest countries on earth. Thus, the Korean peninsula represents a unique historical experiment that allows for study of the effects of environment on human development under a variety of ceteris paribus cultural, genetic and climatic conditions. Previous studies comparing the biosocial performances of the two Koreas have focused on indicators such as weight, height, mid-upper arm circumference and age at menarche. The purpose of the present study was to investigate longevity based on the number of centenarians living in the two Koreas by drawing on censuses implemented around 1925 and 2010. The study found that North Korea had some 0.7 centenarians per one million persons in 1925, and this rate moderately improved to 2.7 around 2010. Conversely, rates skyrocketed in South Korea from 2.7 in 1925 to 38.2 around 2010. This suggests that the rate of centenarians in North Korea around 2010 corresponds to that of South Korea in 1925, suggesting a chronological lag in delayed human development of some 85 years. The prevalence of centenarians is fourteen times higher in contemporary South Korea compared with the North – broadly confirming previous biosocial studies on the two Koreas and two Germanies reporting improved human development in market-oriented systems compared with socialist ones.

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Rahmawati, Dea. "The Perplexing Bilateral Relations between Two Koreas: Finding Peace in Korean Reunification Through Critical Theory's Perspective". Insignia: Journal of International Relations 10, nr 2 (21.11.2023): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.ins.2023.10.2.8645.

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Despite being formerly homogeneous in terms of history, culture, language, and nation, the separation of the Korean people has led to significant contrasts in political, economic, and cultural aspects between South Korea and North Korea. Conflict resulting from these differences eventually leads to war. However, since World War II, the two Koreas have been seeking reunification in three different ways: "reunification through war," "reunification through revolution," and "peaceful reunification." These Three Concepts of Korean Reunification was driven by the distortion of the term peace. This research employed a case study method to analyze a specific historical event to gain a comprehensive understanding of peace related to the three different concepts of Korean Reunification. Peace is essential for the realization of the reunification of separated nations. The Korean reunification program is affected by the research finding that given their common ethnicity, culture, familial ties, economic complementarity, international diplomacy, humanitarian concerns, and nuclear disarmament, the reunification process between North and South Korea has the possibility for peaceful reconciliation. However, a distorted understanding of peace has created challenges in Korea Reunificationwhere peace was built on mutual distrust and fear, making achieving a positive and sustainable peace exceedingly difficult, and meaningful reunification has yet to occur.

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Kim, Taehun. "A Study on the Feasibility of Collection Litigation Against North Korea as a Debtor". Unification and North Korean Law Studies 28 (31.12.2022): 79–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.31999/sonkl.2022.28.79.

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Judgment on North Korea's capacity as a party in civil proceedings must be based on North Korea's dual status according to the theory of special relations between the two Koreas. In the domain of norms acting as a partner for dialogue and cooperation, North Korea can be seen as an organization equivalent to a foreign country, so the capabilities of the parties can be recognized. On the other hand, in the domain of norms that operate as an anti-state organization, North Korea is considered an unrecognized country, and its capabilities may be denied. At this time, in relation to whether North Korea can be recognized as a non-incorporated association under domestic law, the requirement for a corporation under the civil law, which is mainly reviewed by the target judgment, is suitable for a general organization that exists in Korea and lacks registration, but has the same corporate character. It is reasonable to evaluate whether an unapproved country has the characteristics of a legal entity based on whether or not it meets the conditions for establishment of a country. According to the terms and conditions of the contract for the use of copyrighted works, the Inter-Korean Copyright Center, a copyright agency in South Korea, can be seen as a copyright agency brokerage business between “North Korean copyright holders” and “South Korean users.” And since North Korea's Copyright Office is not a copyright trustee, but only a copyright agent, it cannot be seen that North Korea has a copyright claim. However, In some cases, it is necessary to individually determine whether the royalties receivable belong to North Korea, such as ‘5. Chosun Central TV video production.

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Kim, Bumsoo. "Are North Korean Compatriots “Korean”? The Trifurcation of Ethnic Nationalism in South Korea during the Syngman Rhee Era (1948–60)". Journal of Korean Studies 24, nr 1 (1.03.2019): 149–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/21581665-7258094.

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Abstract Focusing on the question of whether South Koreans’ notion of “we, the people of Korea” (uri taehan kungmin) included North Korean compatriots or not, this study examines the trifurcation of ethnic nationalism in South Korea during the Syngman Rhee era (1948–1960). Specifically, by analyzing columns and editorials of three Korean newspapers, Chosŏn ilbo, Tonga ilbo, and Kyŏnghyang sinmun, this study reveals that, following the division of Korea (1948), Korean nationalism trifurcated, at least in South Korea, into three different but closely related versions, each of which did not deny that historically all Koreans belonged to the same nation, but defined “we, the people of Korea” differently: (1) tanil minjok (one nation) nationalism, which included not only South Koreans but also North Korean compatriots in “we, the people of Korea”; (2) anticommunist nationalism, which included South Koreans and “patriotic compatriots” of North Korea in “we, the people of Korea” while excluding North Korean “commies”; and (3) Taehan Min’guk (the great ROK) nationalism, which identified only South Koreans as “we, the people of Korea.” In doing so, this study suggests that, as the division of Korea solidified after the Korean War, South Koreans began to “imagine” themselves as a different national community, separated from North Korean compatriots.

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Quinones, C. Kenneth. "Korea’s New Leaders and Prospects for Reconciliation". Asian Survey 55, nr 4 (1.08.2015): 691–714. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.2015.55.4.691.

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The Republic of Korea and the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea since 1972 have attempted reconciliation, but without durable success. The latter’s building of a nuclear arsenal erased the progress achieved in 1989–1992 and 1998–2008. Assessed here is whether the new leaders of both Koreas since 2012 might be able to resume progress toward reconciliation. Ultimately, Park alone cannot sustain progress toward reconciliation unless she receives substantial domestic political support and North Korean leader Kim Jong-un responds constructively to her effort.

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Onuh, (PhD), Samuel. "Effectiveness of Communication as A Tool for Improving the Relationship Between North Korea And South Korea". International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Invention 10, nr 09 (22.09.2023): 8016–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsshi/v10i09.02.

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The Korean war has lasted more than 70 years, and it is one of the longest conflicts in human history. One of the implications of the war has been that no line of communication existed between the North and the South despite the heightened tension. The data for this study were collected from secondary sources such as textbooks, Journal articles and internet sources while content analysis was used to analyse the data collected. This study revealed that after the former Soviet army cut off the phone connection between Seoul and Haeju shortly after liberation on August 26, 1945, the first hotline between the two Koreas was not set up at Panmunjom until September 22, 1971. There have been 50 active lines since 1971, including a hotline for leaders of the two Koreas as well as channels for military and intelligence cooperation. But all communication between the North Korean military and the United Nations Command (UNC) was kept going until North Korea abruptly shut off all contact with the South. Lastly, this study recommends among other things that increase inter-Korean contact, will enable exchanges and collaboration, including inter-Korean official discussions, and support the development of humanitarian aid.

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Fikrət qızı Misirova, Nigar. "Comparative analysis of correspondents in Korea and Azerbaijan". SCIENTIFIC WORK 75, nr 2 (18.02.2022): 84–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/75/84-90.

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Dil fəaliyyətinin əsas vahididir. Əsasən, mübtəda və xəbərdən ibarət olur. Azərbaycan və Koreya dili eyni mənşəli dillərdir.Hər iki dil iltisaqi dillər qrupuna aiddir və eyni zamanda Altay dil qrupunun üzvləridir. Məhz bu cəhətdən hər iki dil arasında bir çox ortaq xüsusiyyətlər mövcuddur. Koreya və Azərbaycan dili morfoloji cəhətdən aqqlütinativ, sintaktik cəhətdən isə mübtəda, tamamlıq, xəbər quruluşuna malikdir. Buna baxmayaraq iki dil arasında hal şəkilçiləri baxımından bir sıra fərqli cəhətlər ilə qarşılaşmaq mümkündür. Koreya dilində hal şəkilçilərinin təsnifatı müxətlif olduğu kimi şəkilçilər də özlüyündə müxtəlif mənalara malikdir. Bitmiş fikri bildirmək üçün cümlənin xəbərinə uyğun olaraq isimlər müxtəlif hallara salınaraq onunla qrammatik səviyyədə sintaktik əlaqəyə girir ki, bu vəziyyəti də şəkilçi tamamlıq vəzifəsini yerinə yetirərkən müşahidə edirik Açar sözlər: hal şəkilçisi, iltisaqi dillər, qrammatik şəkilçilər, isim, koreya dili Nigar Fikrat Misirova Comparative analysis of correspondents in Korea and Azerbaijan Summary Sentences are the basic unit of language activity. It consists mainly of principles and news. Azerbaijani and Korean are languages of the same origin. Both languages belong to the Altaic language group and are also members of the Altaic language group. In this regard, there are many common features between the two languages. The Korean and Azerbaijani languages are morphologically agglutinative, and syntactically have a principle, completeness, and news structure. However, it is possible to encounter a number of differences between the two languages in terms of case suffixes. Just as the classification of case suffixes in Korean is different, suffixes have different meanings in themselves. In order to express the finished idea, according to the message of the sentence, the nouns are put in different situations and enter into a grammatical syntactic connection with it, which we also observe when performing the function of suffix completeness. Key words: case suffix, inflammatory languages, grammatical suffixes, noun, Korea

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Kang, Jin Woong. "The National Identity Education of the 21st Century Two Koreas’ High School History Textbooks: From Ancient History to Modern History". Korean Association for Reunification Education 20, nr 1 (30.06.2023): 81–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.59135/kare.2023.20.1.81.

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This article compares the national identity education of the recent high school history textbooks in the two Koreas. The 21st two Koreas’ high school history textbooks have held national identity education from the viewpoint of the primordial formation and perennial development of nation. South Korea has tried to overcome its exclusive national identity education through the 2015 curriculum revision but is still understanding nation based upon the notions of the bloodline and ethnicity. Similarly, North Korea has politically utilized the bloodline-centered notion of nation through fusing the notion of the Dangun nation into the Jeche idea since the 2013 curriculum revision. Through comparative analysis of Korean history from ancient history to modern history, this article examines the primordial and perennial discourse of nation in the two Koreas’ high school history textbooks.

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Golon, Klaudia. "Reportaż literacki jako „lustro przechadzające się po gościńcu”? Barbary Demick „Światu nie mamy czego zazdrościć”". Zeszyty Prasoznawcze 65, nr 1 (249) (31.03.2022): 95–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/22996362pz.22.007.15337.

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Niniejszy artykuł stanowi analizę reportażu Barbary Demick „Światu nie mamy czego zazdrościć” w kontekście budowania obrazu Korei Północnej i Koreańczyków z Północy w Polsce. Studium obejmuje takie aspekty, jak: analiza szczegółów antropologicznych, tytułu, kreacji wybranych bohaterów czy nawiązań intertekstualnych. Ponadto szczególna uwaga poświęcona została zbadaniu dwóch strategii narracyjnych obecnych w książce: beletryzacji oraz narracji o szczególnych własnościach informacyjnych. Analiza pokazuje, że obraz Korei Północnej budowany w reportażu daleki jest od polityki, a bliski Koreańczykom i ich życiowej perspektywie. Literary reportage as a “mirror walking around the courtyard”? Barbara Demick’s “Nothing to Envy: Ordinary Lives in North Korea” This article is an analysis of Barbara Demick’s book “Nothing to Envy: Ordinary Lives in North Korea” in the context of image building of North Korea and North Koreans in Poland. The study covers aspects such as: analysis of anthropological details, title, creation of selected characters or intertextual references. In addition, special attention is paid to examining two narrative strategies present in the book: fictionalization and narrative with specific informational properties. The analysis shows that the image of North Korea as presented in the analysed reportage is far from politics and close to the Korean culture and life perspective.

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Zahidi, M. Syaprin. "KSCC dan Diplomasi Budaya Korea". Insignia Journal of International Relations 3, nr 01 (15.04.2016): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.ins.2016.3.01.467.

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AbstrakEkspansi Budaya Republik Korea yang biasa disebut sebagai Hallyu benar-benar bisa dikatakan menunjukkan hasil yang signifikan di Indonesia. Signifikansi dari ekspansi budaya Republik Korea itu dapat dilihat pada menjamurnya komunitas-komunitas Korea yang dibentuk di beberapa kota di Indonesia seperti Running Man Lovers, Forever Dance center Jakarta (FDC Kpop dance cover), UI Hangugo Dongari dan masih banyak yang lainnya. Dalam Penelitian ini Peneliti Melihat bahwa Republik Korea menggunakan segala sumber dayanya untuk melakukan ekspansi budaya di Indonesia antara lain melalui pameran budaya yang dilakukan oleh Pusat Kebudayaan Korea di Indonesia (KCC), Drama-drama korea yang ditayangkan di Stasiun TV Indonesia dan masih banyak lagi. Di kota Malang sendiri peneli-ti menyimpulkan kesuksesan Diplomasi Budaya Repubik Korea tersebut dapat dilihat dari terbentuknya komunitas korea di kota Malang yaitu Korean Studies and Culture Center (KSCC)Kata-kata Kunci : Diplomasi Budaya, Komunitas Korea, KSCC AbstractCultural expansion of Korean Republic namely Hallyu show the significance result in Indonesia. We can see the sig-nificance result of Cultural expansion form Korean Republic form many korean community which established in In-donesia like Running Man Lovers, Forever Dance Center Jakarta (FDC Kpop dance cover), UI Hangugo Dongari and others. in others word Korean Republic has used all of their capacity to expans their culture in Indonesia through Ko-rean cultural exhibition organized by Korean Cultural Center in Indonesia, Korean Drama which show by tv chanel in Indonesia and many others. In Malang City the successfull of Cultural Diplomacy form Korean Republic marked by the forming of Korean Studies and Culture Center (KSCC).Key Words : Cultural Diplomacy, Korean Community, KSCC

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Cheol, Ko Young, i Kim Youngsuk. "Study on the consciousness of university students of the Russian Federation about your understanding of the Republic of Korea". Laplage em Revista 6, Extra-A (14.12.2020): 179–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.24115/s2446-622020206extra-a578p.179-189.

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The purpose of this study is to investigate the opinions of Russian university students on the understanding of Korea, to find out the degrees and errors of understanding Korea, and to derive the contents and methods for notifying Korea immediately to Russia. Accordingly, this paper surveyed the opinions of Korean geographic knowledge, Korean cultural and economic situation knowledge by surveying “consciousness about the understanding of Korea” of Korean learners and non-Korean learners of Kazan Federal University in Russia. Through this, Korean governments, institutions, and social organizations must teach Russian university students general knowledge about geography, history, economy, and society of Korea. It is necessary to promote Korea's accurate situation through the media. Active and continuous efforts to enhance the image of Korea are needed. It is necessary to expand the contents of Russian secondary school textbooks about Korea and to train teachers.

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Somadi, Somadi. "PERKEMBANGAN FASILITAS WISATA RAMAH MUSLIM DI KOREA SELATAN". AKSARABACA Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, dan Budaya 3, nr 2 (30.04.2024): 509–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.47313/aksarabaca.v3i2.3187.

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ABSTRAKSaat ini, Korea Selatan menjadi salah satu negara yang mengalami kemajuan pariwisata yang pesat. Tingginya minat berwisata ke Korea Selatan tidak terlepas dari pengaruh budaya pop Korea yang merebak ke berbagai negara, tidak terkecuali ke negara-negara dengan penduduk bermayoritas muslim. Dengan tingginya minat kunjung wisatawan muslim membuat pemerintah Korea Selatan gencar menawarkan pariwisata ramah muslimnya selain itu karena peningkatan inilah yang membuat pemerintah Korea Selatan dibantu oleh KTO (Korea Tourism Organization) dan KMF (Korea Muslim Federation) mulai mengembangkan layanan dan fasilitas untuk wisatawan muslim yang berwisata ke Korea Selatan. Ketersediaan berbagai tempat ibadah juga tempat makan yang menyediakan makanan dan minuman halal bagi wisatawan muslim menjadi bukti nyata dari keseriusan pemerintah Korea Selatan dalam mempromosikan negaranya melalui pariwisata berbasis ramah muslim. Adapun penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perkembangan fasilitas wisata ramah muslim di Korea Selatan serta pengaruh budaya popular Korea terhadap minat kunjung para wisatawan muslim ke Korea Selatan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil dari penelitan ini menunjukkan bahwasannya upaya yang dilakukan pemerintah Korea Selatan dalam mengembangkan konsep wisata ramah muslim di KoreaSelatan sudah cukup efektif dalam meningkatkan kenyamanan serta kebutuhan wisatawan muslim saat berwisata melalui promosi-promosi budaya yang diselenggarakan pemerintah Korea Selatan. Kata Kunci : Wisata ramah muslim, budaya pop Korea, wisatawan muslim, fasilitas ramah muslim ABSTRACTCurrently, South Korea is one of the countries experiencing rapid tourism progress. The high interest in traveling to South Korea cannot be separated from the influence of Korean pop culture which has spread to variouscountries, including countries with Muslim majority populations. With the high interest in visiting Muslim tourists, the South Korean government is aggressively offering Muslim-friendly tourism. In addition, because of thisincrease, the South Korean government, assisted by the KTO (Korea Tourism Organization) and KMF (Korea Muslim Federation), began to develop services and facilities for Muslim tourists who travel. to South Korea. The availability of various places of worship as well as eating places that provide halal food and drinks for Muslim tourists is clear evidence of the seriousness of the South Korean government in promoting its country through Muslim-friendly tourism. This research aims to determine the development of Muslim-friendly tourism facilities in South Korea as well as the influence of Korean popular culture on the interest of Muslim tourists to visit South Korea. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The results of this research show that the efforts made by the South Korean government in developing the concept of Muslim-friendly tourism in South Korea have been quite effective in increasing the comfort and needs of Muslim tourists when traveling through cultural promotions organized by the South Korean government. Keywords: Muslim friendly tourism, Korean pop culture, Muslim tourists, Muslim friendly facilities

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Yang, Hye Won, i Keun Hwan Yoo. "Analysis of policy changes from Denuclearization on the Korean Peninsula to North Korea's Denuclearization in response to the North Korean Nuclear Threat". Taegu Science University Defense Security Institute 8, nr 2 (30.04.2024): 33–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.37181/jscs.2024.8.2.033.

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The Joint Declaration on the Denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula came into effect on February 19, 1992, after South Korea and North Korea agreed on December 31, 1991. North Korea unilaterally broke and did not keep the joint declaration on the denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula. The Yoon Seok-yeol government emphasized that it would push for North Korea's denuclearization and bring about practical changes based on principles. North Korea's denuclearization can be said to be a clear expression of the fact that North Korea is the one who caused the nuclear problem and that North Korea must get rid of its nuclear weapons. North Korea's denuclearization is a concept that clearly indicates that North Korea is the entity that must fundamentally change its position in order to uphold Article 1 of the Joint Declaration on the Denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula. By using the somewhat ambiguous expression 'denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula', concerns about South Korea's response ability that could lead to a security vacuum have been dispelled and it has been made clear that North Korea must give up its nuclear weapons. The more North Korea pours money into nuclear weapons, the more dangerous it is for the human rights of the North Korean people. The cost of North Korea making nuclear weapons and testing missiles should be spent on improving food and human rights for North Korean people. South Korea must denuclearize North Korea so that its people can escape from hunger and lead North Korea down the path of reform and openness.

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Daniela, Nurfaizah Azhari, i Asep Iwa Soemantri. "South Korea and North Korea: Differences in Ideology and Their Impact on War". Indonesian Journal of Interdisciplinary Research in Science and Technology 2, nr 3 (31.03.2024): 277–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.55927/marcopolo.v2i3.8462.

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This article analyzes the ideological differences between South Korea and North Korea and their impact on war, especially the Korean War (1950-1953). South Korea adheres to the ideology of liberal democracy and capitalism, while North Korea practices the ideology of Juche, socialism and autonomy. These differences have deepened conflict on the Korean Peninsula, reaching its peak in the Korean War. The impact is felt to this day with military tensions in the DMZ. Despite this, reconciliation efforts have been made, offering hope for peace in the region. This research was conducted descriptively using a literature study which was then analyzed to identify ideological differences between South Korea and North Korea and their impact on the war.

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Maharani, Amanda Vira. "Pemerolehan Kosakata Bahasa Korea pada Pembelajar Dewasa Indonesia". Ranah: Jurnal Kajian Bahasa 8, nr 2 (31.12.2019): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.26499/rnh.v8i2.962.

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This study aims to find out the effects of Korean songs and videos on vocabulary size of adult Korean language learners through one-way communication. To collect the data, three respondents participated in a picture-naming task in Korean and questionnaire is used to know the frequency of the participants in listening to Korean songs and watching Korean videos. The result showed that acquiring vocabularies on adult learners is difficult because of motivation and age factors. All participants of this study have exposed to Korean content media for more than five years, yet none of them got a perfect score on vocabulary test, but they got different motivations for learning Korean. It can be concluded, the higher the motivation on learner is the better result the learner’s got. Korean vocabulary acquisition by listening to Korean songs and watching Korean videos is possible yet not easily acquired by adult learners. ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh lagu dan video Korea pada kosakata pembelajar Bahasa Korea dewasa melalui komunikasi satu arah. Untuk mengumpulkan data, tiga responden berpartisipasi dalam penamaan gambar dalam Bahasa Korea dan kuesioner digunakan untuk mengetahui frekuensi peserta dalam mendengarkan lagu Korea dan menonton video Korea. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa memperoleh kosakata pada pelajar dewasa sulit karena motivasi dan faktor usia. Semua peserta penelitian ini telah terpapar ke media berkonten Korea selama lebih dari lima tahun, namun tidak satupun dari mereka mendapat nilai sempurna pada tes kosakata, tetapi mereka mendapat motivasi yang berbeda untuk belajar Bahasa Korea. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa semakin tinggi motivasi pada pelajar adalah hasil yang lebih baik pelajar dapatkan. Pemerolehan kosakata Bahasa Korea dengan mendengarkan lagu-lagu Korea dan menonton video Korea adalah mungkin namun tidak mudah diperoleh oleh pembelajar dewasa.

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Pramadya, Teguh Puja, i Jusmalia Oktaviani. "Korean Wave (Hallyu) dan Persepsi Kaum Muda di Indonesia: Peran Media dan Diplomasi Publik Korea Selatan". Insignia: Journal of International Relations 8, nr 1 (30.04.2021): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.ins.2021.8.1.3857.

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Budaya populer Gelombang Korea (Korean Wave/Hallyu) dari Korea Selatan telah menyebar hampir ke seluruh dunia, termasuk Indonesia. Produk budaya Korea Selatan seperti musik, film, tarian, drama televisi, hingga produk budaya lain seperti bahasa dan kuliner, banyak digemari oleh masyarakat Indonesia, terutama generasi muda. Sebagai dampak globalisasi yang menyebarkan Gelombang Korea, kaum muda tentu saja mendapatkan porsi yang besar, karena mereka menjadi penikmat semua aspek budaya popular tersebut. Dalam kurun waktu beberapa tahun terakhir, penelitian yang membahas mengenai Korea Selatan, terutama mengenai Korean Wave-nya menjadi salah satu topik paling populer. Oleh karena itu, peneliti mengajukan pertanyaan penelitian: Bagaimana Pengaruh Korean Wave (Hallyu) Terhadap Persepsi Kaum Muda mengenai Korea Selatan di Indonesia, khususnya pada Mahasiswa Hubungan Internasional Fisip Unjani? Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif, dengan teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan data focus group discussion, observasi, serta teknik dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa Gelombang Korea memang memiliki pengaruh yang cukup besar pada mahasiswa, sehingga para mahasiswa ini tertarik untuk mempelajari aspek-aspek budaya yang berasal dari Korea Selatan. Kata kunci: budaya pop Korea; pengaruh Korean Wave, mahasiswa Indonesia.

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Kim, Hyungsun. "History of the Scopus Expert Content Selection and Advisory Committee of Korea". Science Editing 7, nr 1 (20.02.2020): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.6087/kcse.183.

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With the objective of improving the quality of Korean journals and elevating them to international standards, the National Research Foundation of Korea, in consultation with Elsevier, formed the Scopus Expert Content Selection and Advisory Committee-Korea (ECSAC-Korea) as a local selection committee in August 2012. The committee reviews Korean journals for Scopus indexing and recommends them to the Scopus Content Selection and Advisory Board. In September 2019, ECSAC-Korea became part of the Korean Council of Science Editors (KCSE). This article describes the current status of Scopus indexing in Korea and the history, organizational structure, and role of ECSAC-Korea as part of the KCSE. The article also introduces the members of ECSAC-Korea and the KCSE steering committee for Scopus ECSAC-Korea, who have been active since September 2019.

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Yu, Eun-Jeong, Myoung-Sook Park i Chan-Jong Kim. "Learner Identity types of North Korean Defectors: Cases of University Students". Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction 10, nr 1 (30.04.2010): 261–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.22251/jlcci.2010.10.1.261.

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Since the North Korean food crisis in the 1990's, the numbers of North Korean defectors who have successfully crossed the border have increased rapidly. Over the last decade there are 15,000 North Korean defectors came to settle in South Korea. The purpose of this study is to investigate the types of learner identity of North Korean Defectors based on their life history and experience on the process. This aims as a basic study for multi-cultural education for the future society and integrated education system after the possible success of the reunification of the two Koreas. This study focuses on how to divert their learner identity after having experienced the critical events defecting from North Korea and crossing into South Korea. Three university students in their mid 20's and early 30's who were defected from the North participated in this study. In-depth interview, drawings, and surveys were used in order to qualifiedly investigate their identity referring to the progression of time. As a result, the types of learner identity have been drawn and categorized into three. They are future-oriented, present-adaptive, and past-reflective. Citing these types as references, we discussed implications to multi-cultural education and integrated education for future society.

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Yeom, Myeong-Hoon, i Jae-Seung Baek. "The NYSE Korea ETF Market". Journal of Derivatives and Quantitative Studies 23, nr 4 (30.11.2015): 571–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jdqs-04-2015-b0004.

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This study focused on the Korea ETF which is listed and traded in NYSE (New York stock exchange) and analyzed empirically the price discovery effect of NYSE Korea ETF on the Korean stock market. There was almost no related research even though the Korea ETF listed in NYSE did not only show high correlation with the Korean stock market but also was often used as a predictive tool of the Korean stock market by investors. The significance of this study is in conducting a price discovery analysis on the Korea ETF traded in NYSE by using sample data of ‘iShares MSCI South Korea Capped (symbol: EWY)' of the most abundant liquidity among Korea ETF traded in NYSE. Also, the Korea ETF traded at in Korean nighttime is the spot trading, but since the KOSPI200 nighttime futures are the derivatives trading, there is an implication that the price discovery effect between spot market and derivatives market can be compared by comparing each price discovery effect.

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Kim, Eun-jeong. "Memory of Victory: The Method South Korea, North Korea, and China Remember the Korean War." Hankuk University of Foreign Studies Literature Studies 89 (28.02.2023): 77–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.22344/fls.2023.89.77.

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This study aims at the differences and changes in the ways of remembering the Korean War by comparatively analyzing the commemorative songs of South Korea, North Korea, and China. A common feature of memorial songs of South Korea, North Korea, and China is that each of them regards the Korean War as a triumph. Each country commemorates the war on different days with different meanings and remembers the unfinished war as a victory. The words ‘Korean War’ and ‘victory’ are stigma not forgotten in South Korea. They are political capital that can rally and persuade the people in North Korea and China. Meanwhile, in South Korea the song “Song of 6.25” became 'political capital' in the struggle for leadership in political or ideological struggles.

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Sinnappan, Santhidran, Loke Jingyi i Thinavan Periyayya. "Watching Korean Dramas: Youth's Behavioural Intention Towards South Korea". Jurnal Pengajian Media Malaysia 23, nr 1 (18.05.2021): 89–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/jpmm.vol23no1.6.

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This study is aimed to explore the influence of Korean dramas on behavioural intentions toward South Korea among youth. A total of 547 samples were collected from Malaysian youth via online survey through social media. The results suggest that youth’s behavioural intentions toward South Korea is positively influenced by the viewing, likings of Korean dramas and attitude toward South Korea. The viewing and positive feelings toward Korean dramas are able to yield positive attitude toward South Korea. Furthermore, attitude toward South Korea is found out to be a partial mediator in the indirect effect of viewing and likings of Korean dramas. Implications of the study findings are discussed in this study.

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Hasanah, Ummul, i Theresia Avila Rencidiptya. "DAYA TARIK MENJAMURNYA RESTORAN KOREA DI YOGYAKARTA". Jurnal Sosiologi Reflektif 14, nr 2 (9.04.2020): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/jsr.v14i2.1762.

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Korean restaurants in Yogyakarta are flourishing in the past ten years. A lot of Korean restaurants, either in small or big scale, are not only attracting people living in Yogyakarta but also attracting the tourists coming to Yogyakarta. This paper is the result of quantitative and qualitative research with the research object students of Diploma Korean Language Program, Vocational College, Gadjah Mada University. The respondents were selested because those students are millenial generation who follow the fast growing of Korean restaurants in Yogyakarta while at the same time the main customers of those restaurants. As result of the research, the reasons why Korean restaurats exist in Yogyakarta because they need to expand their market outside of Korea and many people are interested coming to Korean restaurants because it is the easiest way to taste Korean cuisine as part of Korean culture without coming to South Korea. Moreover, the difficulties experienced by customers when eating in Korean restaurants are questioning whether the food or drink served is halal (because pork and alcohol are the common dishes in Korea) and the price which is more expensive than the price of Indonesian local foods .Tulisan ini membahas mengenai fenomena menjamurnya berbagai restoran Korea di Yogyakarta dalam kurun waktu sepuluh tahun terakhir. Berbagai restoran Korea, baik dalam skala kecil maupun besar tersebut tidak hanya menarik bagi warga yang tinggal di Yogyakarta tetapi juga turis yang datang ke Yogyakarta. Tulisan ini merupakan hasil penelitian kuantitatif dan kualitatif dengan objek penelitian mahasiswa Prodi D3 Bahasa Korea, Sekolah Vokasi, Universitas Gadjah Mada. Objek tersebut dipilih karena mereka merupakan generasi millenial yang mengikuti perkembangan pesat tumbuhnya restoran Korea di Yogyakarta sekaligus penikmat utama dari restoran-restoran tersebut. Tulisan ini juga membahas mengapa restoran Korea tersebut banyak muncul di Yogyakarta dan mengapa banyak orang tertarik untuk pergi ke restoran Korea di Yogyakarta. Selain itu juga dibahas mengenai hambatan saat berkunjung ke restoran Korea, diantaranya adalah makanan yang disajikan belum tentu halal (karena daging babi dan alkohol adalah menu yang sangat wajar di makanan Korea) dan harga yang lebih mahal dari makanan Indonesia.

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Kyu, Nam Kwang. "The Moon Jae-in administration’s North Korea policy and Korea–US relations". Asian Education and Development Studies 8, nr 1 (7.01.2019): 59–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aeds-12-2017-0131.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present the North Korea policy pursued by the Moon Jae-in administration and discuss the possibility of a weakened alliance between South Korea and the USA. Design/methodology/approach This paper compares the North Korean policies and the ROK–US alliance under the Moon administration, analyzing the recent inter-Korean and North Korea–US summits, with a focus on the issues of denuclearization and establishing a peace regime. Findings This paper reveals that the approach taken by the Moon administration regarding North Korea is similar to that of North Korea and China, and that the ROK–US alliance is likely to weaken should there be any change concerning the North Korean nuclear issue. Originality/value Denuclearization takes place in accordance with the agreement between North Korea and the USA, there is a high likelihood of the ROK–US alliance weakening.

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You, Chang Il. "Wybrane komponenty współczesnej mentalności koreańskiej związane z grzecznością". Gdańskie Studia Azji Wschodniej 19 (2021): 219–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/23538724gs.20.060.13500.

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Selected components of contemporary Korean mentality related to politeness In the twentieth century, Korea had a violent change in its history. Initially, Korea lost its independence and became a Japanese colony. It regained freedom after the defeat of Japan, but soon, the Korean War broke out. From that time until today, Korea has been divided into two parts: the southern one and the northern one. After the war, South Korea was a country under military dictatorship for a long time. South Korea after the Korean War belonged to one of the poorest countries over the world. In the present time, however, South Korea has become a country that has a great impact on the global economy. This change in history had a huge impact (positively and negatively) on the mentality of Koreans. The aim of my article is to present the economic development of South Korea from a Confucian point of view and to analyze the impact of Korean history in the twentieth century on the mentality of Koreans and its operation in Korean society (work ethos and ethos of science, Korean language, etc.).

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LEE, Yeong-Mi. "KOREA: KLUCZ DALEKIEGO WSCHODU (1905) AND WACŁAW SIEROSZEWSKI’S VIEW OF KOREA". International Journal of Korean Humanities and Social Sciences 3 (8.07.2017): 127–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/kr.2017.03.08.

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The aim of this paper is to review Wacław C. Sieroszewski’s (1858-1945) view of Korea. He, well-known Polish writer, traveled to Korea, i. e., Daehan Empire (大韓帝國), in fall of 1903, and published Korea: Klucz Dalekiego Wschodu (1905). Considering that most of travelogues of Korea were written by American, British, French, and German, so-called “Western powers,” KKDW was a pretty valuable book.The author believes that Western view of Korea was notably changed around the late eighteenth century. In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, Europeans did not ignore or belittle Korea and Korean. They regarded Korea as a rich and well-systemized country, and Korean as an intelligent nation, although they had very little knowledge of Korea. On the other hand, generally speaking, they degraded Korea and Korean in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, and Sieroszewski was one of them. Poland was one of the weakest countries in Europe, but his view was not different from that of American, British, French, and German authors.Sieroszewski was favorably impressed by Japan before he came to Korea in October, 1903, and, as a result, he constantly compared Korea and Japan. He even wrote that Japan was better than Europe in some ways. He truly believed that Japan was the only country to carry out a desirable reform for Korea. Meanwhile, he never approved the Russia’s imperialist ambition for Korea. He considered Japan as an agent of the West. In conclusion, his idea of Korea and the East was quite similar to that of other contemporary Western travelers.

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Lim, Joongbin, Kyoung-Min Kim, Eun-Hee Kim i Ri Jin. "Machine Learning for Tree Species Classification Using Sentinel-2 Spectral Information, Crown Texture, and Environmental Variables". Remote Sensing 12, nr 12 (25.06.2020): 2049. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12122049.

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The most recent forest-type map of the Korean Peninsula was produced in 1910. That of South Korea alone was produced since 1972; however, the forest type information of North Korea, which is an inaccessible region, is not known due to the separation after the Korean War. In this study, we developed a model to classify the five dominant tree species in North Korea (Korean red pine, Korean pine, Japanese larch, needle fir, and Oak) using satellite data and machine-learning techniques. The model was applied to the Gwangneung Forest area in South Korea; the Mt. Baekdu area of China, which borders North Korea; and to Goseong-gun, at the border of South Korea and North Korea, to evaluate the model’s applicability to North Korea. Eighty-three percent accuracy was achieved in the classification of the Gwangneung Forest area. In classifying forest types in the Mt. Baekdu area and Goseong-gun, even higher accuracies of 91% and 90% were achieved, respectively. These results confirm the model’s regional applicability. To expand the model for application to North Korea, a new model was developed by integrating training data from the three study areas. The integrated model’s classification of forest types in Goseong-gun (South Korea) was relatively accurate (80%); thus, the model was utilized to produce a map of the predicted dominant tree species in Goseong-gun (North Korea).

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Levi, Nicolas. "Chondoist Religion in North Korea: Selected Aspects". Athenaeum Polskie Studia Politologiczne 80, nr 4 (2023): 227–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/athena.2023.80.13.

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Chondoism is a 20th-century Korean pantheistic religion, based on the 19th-century Tonghak movement. Originally, Chondoism was recognized as the national religion of Korea, unlike Buddhism and Christianity. Being a patriotic movement, Chondoism was able to develop itself in North Korea when North Korea was liberated from the Japanese occupation (1910–1945). Despite the nature of the North Korean regime, Chondoism is still present in the North Korean society. Like other religious groups in North Korea, the Chondoist religion today serves political aims in this country as the Chondoist Chongu Party belongs to the Democratic Front for the Reunification of Korea. On the other side, its influence cannot be neglected when understanding the society of North Korea.

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SCHWEKENDIEK, DANIEL. "BIOSOCIAL COMPARISON OF MID-UPPER ARM CIRCUMFERENCE IN THE TWO KOREAS". Journal of Biosocial Science 45, nr 5 (2.01.2013): 615–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932012000776.

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SummaryAnthropometric differences between the two Koreas are of considerable public and scientific interest given the unique socio-political status of North Korea and the fact that the nations share the same genetic ancestry. This study provides new biosocial evidence on these differences by analysing mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) as a human welfare indicator. This is the first study to compare the nutritional status of adults surveyed inside North Korea with South Koreans. The MUAC measurements of 2793 North Korean women obtained through a household survey conducted in 2002 were compared with those of 1428 South Korean women surveyed around 2003. Comparative analysis was conducted by plotting centiles and calculating mean differences in MUAC by age. This paper finds that the MUAC of the South Koreans was on average 2.8 cm greater than that of their North Korean peers, with MUAC gaps ranging from 1.6 cm to 3.9 cm and becoming more pronounced with age. This research confirms previous studies on height and weight in the two Germanies and in the two Koreas that have shown that biosocial performance is worse in socialist economies as compared with free-market regimes.

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Femisyah, Jazzy Tiara, i Suzy Azeharie. "Representasi Stigmatisasi Korea Utara oleh Masyarakat Korea Selatan Melalui Drama Seri Extraordinary Attorney Woo". Koneksi 7, nr 2 (5.10.2023): 335–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/kn.v7i2.21383.

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The prolonged war between South Korea and North Korea has stigmatised the North Korean community or defectors. It is not uncommon for North Korean defectors who are in South Korea to receive different treatment from local residents. This is also depicted in several Korean drama series, one of which is the sixth episode of Extraordinary Attorney Woo. This research examines the signs contained in several scenes that represent the stigmatisation of North Korean society. This research uses a qualitative approach with discourse analysis as the data collection method. The subject of this research is the sixth episode of Extraordinary Attorney Woo. The representation of stigmatisation of South Korean society towards North Korea as the object is studied with Charles Sander Pierce's semiotics. The results show that the drama series Extraordinary Attorney Woo has signs that can be interpreted into a message associated with mass communication theory with the function of entertainment and cultural transformation. The interpretant in this drama is the stigmatisation of North Korean defectors depicted in several scenes. In addition to interpreting stigmatisation, there is also a deconstruction of meaning illustrated by the defence given by the main character. Perang berkepanjangan yang terjadi antara Korea Selatan dan Korea Utara menimbulkan stigma terhadap masyarakat atau pembelot Korea Utara. Tidak jarang pula pembelot Korea Utara yang berada di Korea Selatan mendapat perlakuan berbeda dari warga setempat. Hal ini juga digambarkan dalam beberapa drama seri Korea, salah satunya drama seri Extraordinary Attorney Woo episode keenam. Penelitian ini mengkaji tanda-tanda yang terdapat dalam beberapa adegan yang merepresentasikan stigmatisasi terhadap masyarakat Korea Utara. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan analisis wacana sebagai metode pengumpulan data. Subjek dari penelitian ini adalah drama Extraordinary Attorney Woo episode keenam. Representasi stigmatisasi masyarakat Korea Selatan terhadap Korea Utara sebagai objeknya dikaji dengan semiotika Charles Sander Pierce. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa drama seri Extraordinary Attorney Woo memiliki tanda-tanda yang dapat diinterpretasikan menjadi sebuah pesan yang dikaitkan dengan teori komunikasi massa dengan fungsi hiburan dan transformasi budaya. Interpretant dalam drama ini adalah adanya stigmatisasi terhadap pembelot Korea Utara yang digambarkan dalam beberapa adegan. Selain menginterpretasikan stigmatisasi, juga terdapat dekonstruksi makna yang digambarkan dengan pembelaan yang diberikan pemeran utama.

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N, Suyanti. "REPRESENTASI SHAMANISME PADA MASYARAKAT KOREA MODERN DALAM FILM MAN ON THE EDGE (BAKSUGOENDAL)". AKSARABACA Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, dan Budaya 2, nr 2 (19.02.2024): 312–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.47313/aksarabaca.v2i2.3177.

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ABSTRAKShamanisme Korea (muism) merupakan salah satu kepercayaan dengan sejarah panjang yang masih ada di tengah masyarakat Korea hingga saat ini. Di balik kemajuan teknologi, masyarakat Korea masih memercayai keberadaan shamanisme yang berakar kuat dan merupakan salah satu warisan budaya takbenda yang dilindungi oleh pemerintah Korea Selatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kepustakaan untuk menjelaskan keberadaan shamanisme Korea dalam objek data, yaitu film bergenre komedi berjudul Man On The Edge (Baksugoendal). Teori yang digunakan adalah ‘Shamanisme Korea (muism)’ dari Kim Tae-kon dan teori ‘Representasi’ Stuart Hall. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat Korea modern masih menjadikan nilai-nilai shamanisme sebagai alternatif pemecahan masalah serta budaya religi yang masih dipraktikan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Shamanisme Korea pada film juga direpresentasikan secara konstruksionis dalam bentuk adegan dan dialog yang menggambarkan tipe-tipe mudang (무당), prosesshinbyeong (신병), serta praktik ritual (굿) di tengah masyarakat Korea modern. Kata kunci: representasi, shamanisme Korea, mudang, shinbyeong, gut ABSTRACTKorean shamanism (muism) is a belief with a long history that still exists in Korean society today. Behind technological advances, Korean people still believe in the existence of shamanism which has deep roots and isone of the intangible cultural heritages protected by the South Korean government. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method with a literature study approach to explain the existence of Korean shamanism inthe data object, namely the comedy genre film entitled Man On The Edge (Baksugoendal). The theories used are Kim Tae-kon's 'Korean Shamanism (muism)' and Stuart Hall's 'Representation' theory. The research results show that modern Korean society still uses shamanistic values as an alternative solution to problems and religious culture is still practiced in everyday life. Korean shamanism in the film is also represented in a constructionist manner in the form of scenes and dialogue that describe the types of mudang (무당), the shinbyeong process (신병), and ritual practices (굿) in modern Korean society. Key words: representation, Korean shamanism, mudang, shinbyeong, gut

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Song, Yosung, i Justin E. Freedman. "The Construction and Embodiment of Dis/Ability for North Korean Refugees living in South Korea". Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education 124, nr 7 (lipiec 2022): 201–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01614681221111459.

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Background/Context: Every year, an unknown number of North Koreans flee their homeland. As of 2020, 33,752 North Koreans had arrived in South Korea. The political positioning of North Korean refugees in South Korean society is unique from other immigrants, in that they receive immediate South Korean citizenship and are considered members of the same ethnic group as South Koreans. However, North Korean refugees face discrimination in South Korea, including in schools. Purpose/Objective/Research Question/Focus of Study: This paper extends the use of the intersectional analytical framework, disability critical race theory (DisCrit), outside of western settings to the Korean context. The purpose is to analyze the schooling experiences of North Korean refugees in South Korea. We provide a background about the divide between the nations of North and South Korea and discuss how this divide contributes to North Korean refugees’ position as outsiders. We also situate discrimination faced by North Korean refugees within South Korea as a broader response to changing demographics, by highlighting the experiences of immigrants and South Korean multicultural education policy. Drawing upon the voices of North Korean refugees, we analyze how the discrimination they experience constructs them as less capable and valued than their South Korean peers. Research Design: This paper reports the findings of a qualitative study that analyzes data from semi-structured interviews of North Korean refugees in South Korea. The interviews focus on participants’ schooling experiences in mainstream schools, at an alternative school, and in their transition to postsecondary education. Conclusions/Recommendations: Our analysis demonstrates how North Korean refugee students are positioned as dis/abled and come to embody disabling conditions as a result of discrimination based on their ethnicized North Korean identity in South Korea. The construction of North Korean refugees as dis/abled reflects the dominance of the ideals of South Korean ethnicity and an educational ideology that promotes assimilation for economic growth. We conclude by discussing the impact of normalizing processes of ethnocentrism, racism, and ableism, and the potential future development of multicultural education in South Korea.

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Baek, Namseol. "Response Strategies Through Case Analysis and Reasons for Re-Entry of North Korean Defectors". J-Institute 8 (31.08.2023): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.22471/terrorism.2023.8.23.

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Purpose: As of December 2021, there are 33,819 North Korean defectors who have entered the Republic of Korea. To support their stable settlement, the public and private sectors are implementing a settlement support policy. However, due to discrimination in South Korean society and longing for family, there is a problem of re-entry to North Korea after leaving South Korea. After analyzing the causes of re-entry into North Korea, the purpose of this study is to provide policy suggestions to block re-entry into North Korea, such as improving the resettlement support system for North Korean refugees and Strengthening the pro-tection officer system. Method: The concept of North Korean defectors and re-entry is defined, the current status of North Ko-rean defectors entering the country and re-entry is identified, and the causes and problems of re-entry are analyzed through case studies of re-entry. Results: In the case of North Korean defectors who have entered South Korea, despite government poli-cy support, they are experiencing difficulties in adapting due to discrimination and neglect by South Kore-ans, difficulties in finding a job, and longing for their families in North Korea. Some of them were found to be re-entering North Korea to meet their families in North Korea. Conclusion: Problems were derived by analyzing the causes and cases of re-entry of some North Korean defectors. Based on these problems, I would like to suggest policy implications such as improving the edu-cation system for North Korean defectors and a resettlement support system that fits the reality in order to block re-entry.

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Lee, Eun Ja. "Directions for Developing Materials for Tourist Korean Language Education". Korean Society of Human and Nature 5, nr 1 (30.06.2024): 365–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.54913/hn.2024.5.1.365.

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This thesis started with the question of how to provide Korean language education for tourists visiting Korea for the first time. Although Korean language education has developed, discussions on Korean language education for travelers and spectators are insufficient. Korean language education for general purposes is a situation in which a curriculum must be completed in stages, so Korean language education is helpless for tourists visiting Korea for a short period of time. It is necessary to seek Korean language education contents and suggest educational methods based on the purpose and characteristics of tourists beyond translation Korean language education for travelers. Tourists who come to Korea are potential Korean language education learners. This paper clarified the concept of Korean for tourism purposes, reviewed existing educational materials for tourist Korean, and proposed directions for developing Korean language education materials for tourists visiting Korea.

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Lee, Hyeon Ju. "Remembering and Forgetting the Korean War in the Republic of Korea". Suomen Antropologi: Journal of the Finnish Anthropological Society 35, nr 2 (3.03.2023): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.30676/jfas.127468.

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The Korean War had no official ending and has continued in a form of Cold War since 1953, the year the cease-fire agreement was signed, and yet, during the past five decades, it appears to have faded from South Korean memory. Anti-communism became a national ideology in post-war South Korea. For a country that was endeavoring to establish a national identity that differs from communist North Korea, the establishment of an anti-communist state was inevitable. However, the collapse of the Communist Bloc and a humanitarian crisis in North Korea in the 1990s led to attitudinal changes in the South Korean public toward North Korea. The forgetting and remembering of North Korea in conjunction with the memory of the Korean War has left the South Korean people ambivalent toward North Koreans. This paper explores social encounters between North and South Koreans in the late 2000s in Seoul that illustrate the uneasy interactions that stem from past anti-communist education as well as the subsequent erasure of social memory about North Korea as part of Korean culture. Keywords: history, memory, migration, North Korean refugees

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Svintsova, I. Y., i Yi Eunkyung. "Russian Studies in Contemporary Korea". Concept: philosophy, religion, culture 8, nr 1 (30.03.2024): 167–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2541-8831-2024-1-29-167-172.

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The Russian Language Department of Hankuk University of Foreign Studies (HUFS) —one of the leading universities of the Republic of Korea— was founded in the same year with the University and is about to celebrate its 70th anniversary. Today the University and the Russian Language Department are the main popularizers of the Russian language, literature, culture and Russian regional studies in South Korea. There are several associations: KASEUS — Korean Association of Slavic-Eurasian Studies; Russian Language and Literature Association (based on the HUFS — Hankuk University of Foreign Studies); KAR — Korean Association of Russian Studies (based on the Korean University); KASL — Korean Association of Slavic Languages (based on the Korean University); KATPR — Korean Association of Teachers and Teaching Staff of the Russian Language (whose members are university professors and school teachers); and KRA — Korea-Russia Association. The Korean-Russian Society of Art and Culture KORACS was established in 2013 to organize cultural exchange between Korea and Russia. The associations organize and conduct scientific conferences, symposiums, forums, and some publish their own journals. In South Korea, there are exchange programs for undergraduate and graduate students of Russian and Korean universities, and Russian professors are invited here to give lectures. Every spring the Hankuk University of Foreign Studies holds a Russian language Olympiad for students of Korean universities. This competition is of great interest to Korean students and is an incentive for deeper study of the Russian language. The Russian language and culture are represented and preserved here: there are Russian professors, school teachers, Russian-speaking Koreans and citizens of other countries. Therefore, despite the difficulties associated with changes in the socio-political situation, Russian studies in South Korea continue to develop. Interest in the Russian language, literature and culture does not wane since people always need to learn something new and wonderful and this is how Russian culture is characterized.

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Yoon, Jong-in. "OD Applications in Korea". Public Administration Quarterly 25, nr 2 (czerwiec 2001): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073491490102500203.

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This report introduces some OD intervention in Korea and demonstrates how OD can be applied in a broad range of cultural settings. It sketches the historical development of OD in Korea. It also collects and analyzes 20 Korean OD applications in the public sector as well as in business. The key findings are: (1) OD applications in Korea are relatively diverse. (2) Team-building, technostructural, and system-building activities are dominant in Korean OD applications. (3) In the public sector, the cases center on technostructural activities. (4) With some reservations, the success rates of Korean OD applications are quite high.

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Korea”

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