Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Kidneys”
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Churchill, P. C., M. C. Churchill i A. K. Bidani. "Kidney cross transplants in Dahl salt-sensitive and salt-resistant rats". American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 262, nr 6 (1.06.1992): H1809—H1817. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1992.262.6.h1809.
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Previous kidney cross-transplant studies have demonstrated that the genotype of the kidney plays a role in determining the blood pressure of the recipient in Dahl salt-sensitive (S) and salt-resistant (R) rats. The present studies were designed to elucidate this role. Kidney cross transplants were performed in unilaterally nephrectomized male recipients (John Rapp strains), such that each rat had a native kidney and a transplanted kidney of the opposite genotype. S and R rats with a native kidney and a transplanted kidney of the same genotype served as controls. After 4 wk on a 7.8% NaCl diet, rats were anesthetized and renal clearance studies were performed. S kidneys had lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal plasma flow (RPF) than R kidneys, and these differences were determined by the kidney's genotype rather than the recipient's, since S kidneys in R recipients tended to have lower GFR and RPF than R kidneys in S recipients. In contrast, independent of the kidney's genotype, the kidneys in S rats tended to have higher fractional excretion of H2O and Na (FEH2O and FENa) than the kidneys in R rats. Thus there were genetically determined differences in renal function between S and R rats; some (RPF and GFR) were intrinsic to the kidney, whereas others (FEH2O and FENa) were intrinsic to the host.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Vlajkovic, Slobodan, Marija Dakovic-Bjelakovic, Rade Cukuranovic i Jasmina Popovic. "Evaluation of absolute volume of human fetal kidney's cortex and medulla during gestation". Vojnosanitetski pregled 62, nr 2 (2005): 107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp0502107v.
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Background. Human fetal kidney is quite different from the mature kidney, both macroscopically and hystologically. Lobulated surface of the human fetal kidney reflects its inner organization. Aim. To determine the fetal kidneys' volume according to the gestational age, to establish periods of their maximal and minimal growth and to compare these values for various gestational ages. Methods. Forty five human fetal kidneys aged from IV to X lunar months were analyzed. Kidneys were divided into nine groups according to their gestational age. The volumes of cortex and medulla were determined using stereological methods. The results were statistically analyzed and the periods of significant growth of these structures were marked. Results. Fetal kidney's cortex and medulla grew continually with a very high coefficient of linear correlation with crown-rump length. The cortex/medulla ratio was minimal in the first half of V lunar month, when medulla grew most rapidly and it was maximal immediately before birth, when cortex achieved its maximum. Conclusion. This study was an effort to provide some parameters which would help in the future investigations of the development of human fetal kidney.
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V. M. Monastyrsʹkyy. "CHARACTERISTICS OF THE KIDNEY PARAMETERS ACCORDING TO THE DATA OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING OF PATIENTS WITH UROLITHIASIS IN PERSONS WITH A SINGLE KIDNEY". Clinical anatomy and operative surgery 17, nr 3 (28.08.2018): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.24061/1727-0847.17.3.2018.6.
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Urolithiasis is one of the most common diseases of the kidneys and urinary tract. The purpose of the study is to compare the size of a single kidney in patients with urolithiasis with parameters of the kidneys of patients with two kidneys who don’t have any diseases of the kidneys and urinary tract. A comprehensive examination of 84 patients with urolithiasis and single kidney and 65 patients with two kidneys who didn’t have any kidney and urinary tract diseases were conducted. The research was carried out on a magnetic resonance tomography Philips Intera-1,5T (standard magnetic resonance protocol included scanning in sagittal, frontal and axial projections to obtain T1 images). The length of the right single kidney is statistically significantly greater (1.18 times) in men with urolithiasis than in men with two kidneys who did not have any kidney and urinary tract disorders (p<0.05). The width, thickness and volume of the kidneys were also statistically significantly larger respectively 1.25 times, 1.27 times and 2.01 times (p <0.05). The parameters of the kidney (length, width, thickness and volume) were larger, respectively, in 1.21 times, 1.26 times, 1.26 times and 1.93 times in women with the single right kidney with urolithiasis. Conclusion. The morphometric parameters of a single kidney in patients with urolithiasis (length, width, thickness and volume) were statistically significantly different from those in patients with two kidneys who don’t have any kidney and urinary tract disorders. The measure of the volume of the right single kidney in men suffering from urolithiasis was the highest (p <0.05) in comparison with the same parameters in patients with two kidneys who don’t have any kidney and urinary tract disorders.
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Potluri, Vishnu S., David S. Goldberg, Sumit Mohan, Roy D. Bloom, Deirdre Sawinski, Peter L. Abt, Emily A. Blumberg i in. "National Trends in Utilization and 1-Year Outcomes with Transplantation of HCV-Viremic Kidneys". Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 30, nr 10 (12.09.2019): 1939–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1681/asn.2019050462.
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BackgroundRecent pilot trials have demonstrated the safety of transplanting HCV-viremic kidneys into HCV-seronegative recipients. However, it remains unclear if allograft function is impacted by donor HCV-viremia or recipient HCV-serostatus.MethodsWe used national United States registry data to examine trends in HCV-viremic kidney use between 4/1/2015 and 3/31/2019. We applied advanced matching methods to compare eGFR for similar kidneys transplanted into highly similar recipients of kidney transplants.ResultsOver time, HCV-seronegative recipients received a rising proportion of HCV-viremic kidneys. During the first quarter of 2019, 200 HCV-viremic kidneys were transplanted into HCV-seronegative recipients, versus 69 into HCV-seropositive recipients, while 105 HCV-viremic kidneys were discarded. The probability of HCV-viremic kidney discard has declined over time. Kidney transplant candidates willing to accept a HCV-seropositive kidney increased from 2936 to 16,809 from during this time period. When transplanted into HCV-seronegative recipients, HCV-viremic kidneys matched to HCV-non-viremic kidneys on predictors of organ quality, except HCV, had similar 1-year eGFR (66.3 versus 67.1 ml/min per 1.73 m2, P=0.86). This was despite the much worse kidney donor profile index scores assigned to the HCV-viremic kidneys. Recipient HCV-serostatus was not associated with a clinically meaningful difference in 1-year eGFR (66.5 versus 71.1 ml/min per 1.73 m2, P=0.056) after transplantation of HCV-viremic kidneys.ConclusionsBy 2019, HCV-seronegative patients received the majority of kidneys transplanted from HCV-viremic donors. Widely used organ quality scores underestimated the quality of HCV-viremic kidneys based on 1-year allograft function. Recipient HCV-serostatus was also not associated with worse short-term allograft function using HCV-viremic kidneys.
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Emond, C., J. L. Bascands, J. Rakotoarivony, F. Praddaude, G. Bompart, C. Pecher, J. L. Ader i J. P. Girolami. "Glomerular B2-kinin-binding sites in two-kidney, one-clip hypertensive rats". American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 260, nr 5 (1.05.1991): F626—F634. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1991.260.5.f626.
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To extend our recent observations of the possible downregulation of glomerular B2-kinin-binding sites, we investigated density (Bmax) of bradykinin (BK)-binding sites in glomerular membranes of both the clipped (C) and nonclipped (NC) kidneys of two-kidney, one-clip (2K-1C) Goldblatt hypertensive rats, in relation to tissue kallikrein activity and glomerular three-dimensional structure. Compared with the Bmax of sham-operated (SO) kidney (31.8 +/- 7 fmol/mg protein), a significant increase in Bmax was observed in glomeruli of both kidneys in hypertensive rats, the Bmax being higher in glomeruli of NC than in C kidneys (98 +/- 11 vs. 59 +/- 12 fmol/mg protein). NC kidney compensatory hypertrophy was expressed by an increase in glomerular diameter, surface area, and volume. When expressed per unit of area or volume, Bmax in NC kidneys remained significantly higher than in both C and SO kidneys. Increased Bmax in both kidneys of 2K-1C rats was associated with a decreased intrarenal level of kallikrein. We also examined prostaglandin (PG) E2 release by isolated glomeruli from SO, C, and NC kidneys as a possible biological effect induced by BK. Whereas C kidney released more PGE2 than NC kidney under basal conditions, addition of BK (10 nM) induced greater PGE2 production in NC kidney consistent with the difference in Bmax between C and NC kidneys. These results suggest a possible downregulation of glomerular B2-binding sites by bradykinin, which may explain the difference between SO and C kidneys.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Gadade, Varsha, Wasim Hiroli i Sunil Mathew. "Examining congenital renal abnormalities in adult cadavers: an observational study". Perspectives in Medical Research 11, nr 1 (30.05.2023): 74–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.47799/pimr.1101.12.
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Abstract To know the percentages of incidences of various types of congenital anomalies of the renal system, an observational study was conducted at Departments of Anatomy of three medical colleges by dissection method and observation was made on dissected specimens for the presence of morphological anomalies in kidneys and the anatomical locations of kidneys and ureters. We found various types of renal anomalies like agenesis of kidney, nodular kidney and constricted (small) kidney location, ectopic kidneys bilateral polycystic kidneys. Conclusion: Various abnormalities were found in this study and so, knowledge of such anomalies of kidneys not only to anatomists but to all clinicians especially to urologists and nephrologists and radiologists.
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Dharmaratne, RW. "Exploring the role of excess fluoride in chronic kidney disease: A review". Human & Experimental Toxicology 38, nr 3 (25.11.2018): 269–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0960327118814161.
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This review covers nearly 100 years of studies on the toxicity of fluoride on human and animal kidneys. These studies reveal that there are direct adverse effects on the kidneys by excess fluoride, leading to kidney damage and dysfunction. With the exception of the pineal gland, the kidney is exposed to higher concentrations of fluoride than all other soft tissues. Therefore, exposure to higher concentrations of fluoride could contribute to kidney damage, ultimately leading to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Among major adverse effects on the kidneys from excessive consumption of fluoride are immediate effects on the tubular area of the kidneys, inhibiting the tubular reabsorption; changes in urinary ion excretion by the kidneys disruption of collagen biosynthesis in the body, causing damages to the kidneys and other organs; and inhibition of kidney enzymes, affecting the functioning of enzyme pathways. This review proposes that there is a direct correlation between CKD and the consumption of excess amounts of fluoride. Studies particularly show immediate adverse effects on the tubular area of human and animal kidneys leading to CKD due to the consumption of excess fluoride. Therefore, it is very important to conduct more investigations on toxicity studies of excess fluoride on the human kidney, including experiments using human kidney enzymes, to study more in depth the impact of excess fluoride on the human kidney. Further, the interference of excess fluoride on collagen synthesis in human body and its effect on human kidney should also be further investigated.
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Borda, Bernadett, Edit Szederkényi, Aurél Ottlakán, Éva Kemény, Viktor Szabó, Zoltán Hódi i György Lázár. "Banff-score-változások a marginális donorokból származó veséknél". Orvosi Hetilap 157, nr 8 (luty 2016): 298–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/650.2016.30346.
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Introduction: Despite an increase in the number of cadaver donors and the number of overall organ transplantations, the dramatic increase in the waiting list makes it necessary to reconsider donor criteria. Aim: The authors examined whether differences could exist in the function and/or morphology of transplanted kidneys originated from marginal and ideal donors one and five years after transplantation. Method: Kidney function and histopathologic findings were analysed and compared one and 5 years after transplantation in 97 patients having marginal donor kidneys and 178 patients who received ideal donor kidneys. Results: Serum creatinine level was significantly higher (p = 0.0001) and estimated glomerular filtration rate was significantly lower (p = 0.003) in patients having marginal donor kidneys as compared to those with ideal donor kidneys 5 years after transplantation. Morphological changes in the transplated kidneys such as tubulitis (p = 0.014) and interstitial inflammation (p = 0.025) were significantly more frequently present in patients with marginal donor kidneys than in those with ideal donor kidneys one year after transplantation. Conclusion: Despite an absence of differences in kidney function one year after kidney transplantation between patients having marginal and ideal donor kidneys, morphologic differences in the transplanted kidneys can be detected between the two groups of patients. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(8), 298–301.
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Reshma Dayma. "Machine Learning Algorithms as a Boon for Chronic Kidney Disease Prediction". Journal of Electrical Systems 20, nr 3 (30.04.2024): 499–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.52783/jes.2977.
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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one type of condition where kidney function damage over several month or year. In body, kidney’s main task is to filter impurities and waste from blood which is flush out from body in form of urine. But because of some condition or diseases, in which the kidneys are damaged and cannot filter blood as well as it should. People with kidney disease may not feel ill or notice any symptoms in early stage but it is very serious problem as it may lead to complete failure of kidneys. Machine learning (ML) techniques are used for prediction. Here we have created machine learning model for CKD prediction. We have use three algorithms, logistic regression, support vector machine (SVM) and random forest with feature selection technique and finally applied bagging method on it. we have applied this model on chronic kidney dataset which have derived from UCI machine learning repository. This model predict person have chronic kidney disease or not.
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WILLIS, LYNN R., ANDREW P. EVAN, BRET A. CONNORS, PHIL BLOMGREN, NAOMI S. FINEBERG i JAMES E. LINGEMAN. "Relationship between Kidney Size, Renal Injury, and Renal Impairment Induced by Shock Wave Lithotripsy". Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 10, nr 8 (sierpień 1999): 1753–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1681/asn.v1081753.
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Abstract. The relationship between kidney size and impaired renal function induced by shock-wave lithotripsy (SWL) was examined in 6- and 10-wk-old anesthetized pigs. Each pig received 2000 shock waves, 24 kV, or sham SWL to the lower pole calyx of one kidney. Bilateral GFR, renal plasma flow (RPF), and para-aminohippurate extraction was measured 1 h before and 1 and 4 h after SWL. The kidneys were then removed for morphometric analysis. Mean kidney weights were 66.1 ± 2.7 g (n = 9) and 103.1 ± 3.3 g (n = 8) in the SWL groups, and 60.1 ± 2.6 g (n = 9) and 82.3 ± 4.0 g (n = 9) in the sham-SWL groups. SWL-induced lesions occupied a significantly greater volume of the small kidneys (6.1 ± 1.7 vol % versus 1.5 ± 0.2 vol % in the large kidneys). RPF was significantly reduced by SWL in small and large kidneys, but to a significantly greater extent in small kidneys. RPF was also significantly reduced in the contralateral kidneys of both groups, but only at 1 h after SWL. SWL significantly reduced GFR to similar degrees in both kidneys of both groups, regardless of kidney size. Para-aminohippurate extraction was likewise reduced to similar degrees in both groups, but this effect was evident only in the SWL-treated kidneys, and only in the pole to which the shock waves had been applied. The injury induced by SWL affected a larger fraction of small kidneys than large ones, and the renal vasoconstriction induced by SWL was greatest in small kidneys.
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Borda, Bernadett. "Comparison of functional and morphological changes of transplanted kidneys from marginal and ideal donors". Orvosi Hetilap 153, nr 45 (listopad 2012): 1793–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/oh.2012.29486.
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Introduction: Despite an increased number of cadaver donors and organ transplantations, there is a marked increase in the number of patients included in the transplantation waiting list. Aim and method: The aim of the study was to evaluate functional and morphologic changes of kidney allografts obtained from marginal (n = 63) and “ideal” donors (n = 186). In patients with kidneys from marginal donors, the impact of donor age and the presence of hypertension in donors on kidney function were also studied. Results: One year after kidney transplantation, kidney function was similar in patients transplanted with kidneys from marginal and “ideal” donors, although significant morphologic differences were observed between the two groups. However, five years after transplantation serum creatinine (p = 0.0001) and eGFR (p = 0.003) were significantly different between patients transplanted with kidneys from marginal and “ideal” donors. There was also a significant difference in serum creatinine level of patients who received kidneys from donors older than 55 years of age compared to patients whose kidney allografts were obtained form donor who has hypertension (p = 0.0003). Acute rejection episodes (p = 0.0004) and interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy (p = 0.002) occurred more frequently in patients with kidneys from marginal compared to those from “ideal” donors. Conclusion: One year after kidney transplantation renal function is similar in patients transplanted with kidneys from marginal and „ideal” donors, but patients with kidneys from marginal donors have significantly more impaired renal function five years after kidney transplantation. Orv. Hetil., 2012, 153, 1793–1796.
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Prathita, Yana Aurora, Ahmad Aulia Jusuf, Christina Simadibrata, Wahyuningsih Djaali i Yoshua Viventius. "Impact on the Kidney of Pancreas Damage due to Streptozotocin-Induced Hyperglycemia". Folia Medica Indonesiana 59, nr 2 (10.06.2023): 156–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/fmi.v59i2.33584.
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Highlights: This study observed the histology of pancreatic β-cell damage without any intervention to the kidneys of the animal models. The histological analysis of the kidneys shows that STZ-induced animal models can be used for assessing kidney abnormalities due to hyperglycemia. A scoring system for the histological analysis was developed to evaluate the changes in the kidney cells. Abstract The kidneys are one of the organs affected by microvascular complications due to diabetes mellitus. Hyperglycemia plays an important role in glomerular, mesangial cell, and tubular damage in the kidneys. Metabolic dysregulation, including hyperglycemia, initiates cellular damage in the kidneys. Streptozotocin (STZ) is a chemical compound that is known to damage pancreatic cells and cause hyperglycemia. This study aimed to examine the effects of hyperglycemia on the morphology of the kidneys. Kidney tissues were observed histologically using a light microscope. Samples were taken from the kidneys of experimental animals administered with STZ to induce hyperglycemia. Observation was performed afterwards to investigate any damage to pancreatic cells. A total of 12 kidney samples were divided into two groups: the control group and the STZ-induced group. The samples were prepared before staining with hematoxylin-eosin and Masson's trichrome. The endothelium, podocytes, mesangial cells, and basement membrane of the glomerulus were examined. The tubules of the kidneys were also examined, and the presence or absence of connective tissue formation in both groups was statistically tested. The results suggested a significant difference in tubular damage (p<0.05) and an insignificant difference in an increase in the damage of other components of the kidneys (p>0.05) in the STZ-induced group. Significant morphological changes were observed in the hyperglycemic renal tubules due to the administration of STZ. In conclusion, STZ-induced hyperglycemia caused damage to the kidney components but overall had no significant impact on the kidney.
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Churchill, P. C., M. C. Churchill, A. K. Bidani i S. F. Rabito. "Kallikrein excretion in Dahl salt-sensitive and salt-resistant rats with native and transplanted kidneys". American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 269, nr 5 (1.11.1995): F710—F717. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1995.269.5.f710.
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Urinary kallikrein excretion is decreased in Dahl salt-sensitive (S) vs. salt-resistant (R) rats, and several lines of reasoning suggest not only that decreased kallikrein excretion is a marker for salt-sensitive hypertension but also that kallikrein might play a pathogenic role. Because previous cross-transplantation studies have demonstrated that the kidney's genotype plays a role in determining the blood pressure of the recipient in Dahl S and R rats, the present experiments were designed to determine whether both blood pressure and urinary kallikrein excretion "traveled with the kidney" in transplantation. The Rapp strains of S and R were maintained on a low- NaCl (0.13%) diet until kidney transplantation (bilaterally nephrectomized recipients), at which time the diet was switched to high NaCl (7.8%). Sixteen days later, blood pressures (tail-cuff plethysmography) of the cross-transplant groups (R/S and S/R, indicating kidney genotype/recipient genotype) were nearly identical to each other and intermediate between the blood pressures of the control groups with transplanted kidneys (R/R and S/S). Renal function studies, performed on anesthetized rats 17 days after surgery, demonstrated that R kidneys had higher glomerular filtration rates, renal plasma flows, and urinary kallikrein excretion rates than S kidneys. These differences tended to be preserved in the cross-transplant groups, and therefore they must be genetically determined intrinsic differences between R and S kidneys. This was especially striking with respect to urinary kallikrein excretion. The rank order of urinary kallikrein excretion was R/R = R/S > S/R = S/S, which implies that it is completely determined by the genotype of the kidney.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Boyer, Allison Jo, Rachael Erin Ketcham, Clint Allen Hostetler, Jeffrey Paul Orlowski i Ronald A. Squires. "Performance of Renal Allografts Perfused With Verapamil-Treated Perfusion Solution". Progress in Transplantation 31, nr 4 (29.10.2021): 373–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15269248211045999.
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Verapamil has been used in perfusion solution to improve kidney performance, but evidence was anecdotal, and no research has been reported on recipient outcomes. Our organization began a program to evaluate Verapamil’s effect on pump performance, transplant rate, and recipient outcomes. One kidney in a pair was treated with Verapamil and one with standard perfusion. Donor inclusion criteria were age 18 or older and both kidneys were placed on the pump. The laterality of the treated kidney was changed every month to reduce bias. From January 1, 2020 to June 30, 2020, 88 kidneys were evaluated. Of those, 21 donors had both kidneys transplanted to different recipients, so for those 42 kidneys, recipient outcomes were evaluated. Small improvements in pump performance were observed in the Verapamil-treated kidneys and more were transplanted. No clinical differences were found in recipients between the Verapamil-treated and standard perfused kidneys. A larger cohort is needed to determine whether differences are significant.
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Maglica, Mirko, Nela Kelam, Ilija Perutina, Anita Racetin, Azer Rizikalo, Natalija Filipović, Ivana Kuzmić Prusac, Josip Mišković i Katarina Vukojević. "Immunoexpression Pattern of Autophagy-Related Proteins in Human Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Tract". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, nr 13 (21.06.2024): 6829. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms25136829.
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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the spatiotemporal immunoexpression pattern of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta (LC3B), glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), and lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2A (LAMP2A) in normal human fetal kidney development (CTRL) and kidneys affected with congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT). Human fetal kidneys (control, horseshoe, dysplastic, duplex, and hypoplastic) from the 18th to the 38th developmental week underwent epifluorescence microscopy analysis after being stained with antibodies. Immunoreactivity was quantified in various kidney structures, and expression dynamics were examined using linear and nonlinear regression modeling. The punctate expression of LC3B was observed mainly in tubules and glomerular cells, with dysplastic kidneys displaying distinct staining patterns. In the control group’s glomeruli, LAMP2A showed a sporadic, punctate signal; in contrast to other phenotypes, duplex kidneys showed significantly stronger expression in convoluted tubules. GRP78 had a weaker expression in CAKUT kidneys, especially hypoplastic ones, while normal kidneys exhibited punctate staining of convoluted tubules and glomeruli. HSP70 staining varied among phenotypes, with dysplastic and hypoplastic kidneys exhibiting stronger staining compared to controls. Expression dynamics varied among observed autophagy markers and phenotypes, indicating their potential roles in normal and dysfunctional kidney development.
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Snoeijs, Maarten G., Hans Vink, Niek Voesten, Maarten H. Christiaans, Jan-Willem H. Daemen, Arnoud G. Peppelenbosch, Jan H. Tordoir i in. "Acute ischemic injury to the renal microvasculature in human kidney transplantation". American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 299, nr 5 (listopad 2010): F1134—F1140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00158.2010.
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Increased understanding of the pathophysiology of ischemic acute kidney injury in renal transplantation may lead to novel therapies that improve early graft function. Therefore, we studied the renal microcirculation in ischemically injured kidneys from donors after cardiac death (DCD) and in living donor kidneys with minimal ischemia. During transplant surgery, peritubular capillaries were visualized by sidestream darkfield imaging. Despite a profound reduction in creatinine clearance, total renovascular resistance of DCD kidneys was similar to that of living donor kidneys. In contrast, renal microvascular perfusion in the early reperfusion period was 42% lower in DCD kidneys compared with living donor kidneys, which was accounted for by smaller blood vessel diameters in DCD kidneys. Furthermore, DCD kidneys were characterized by smaller red blood cell exclusion zones in peritubular capillaries and by greater production of syndecan-1 and heparan sulfate (main constituents of the endothelial glycocalyx) compared with living donor kidneys, providing strong evidence for glycocalyx degradation in these kidneys. We conclude that renal ischemia and reperfusion is associated with reduced capillary blood flow and loss of glycocalyx integrity. These findings form the basis for development of novel interventions to prevent ischemic acute kidney injury.
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Hasumi, Hisashi, Masaya Baba, Yukiko Hasumi, Martin Lang, Ying Huang, HyoungBin F. Oh, Masayuki Matsuo i in. "Folliculin-interacting proteins Fnip1 and Fnip2 play critical roles in kidney tumor suppression in cooperation with Flcn". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, nr 13 (16.03.2015): E1624—E1631. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1419502112.
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Folliculin (FLCN)-interacting proteins 1 and 2 (FNIP1, FNIP2) are homologous binding partners of FLCN, a tumor suppressor for kidney cancer. Recent studies have revealed potential functions for Flcn in kidney; however, kidney-specific functions for Fnip1 and Fnip2 are unknown. Here we demonstrate that Fnip1 and Fnip2 play critical roles in kidney tumor suppression in cooperation with Flcn. We observed no detectable phenotype in Fnip2 knockout mice, whereas Fnip1 deficiency produced phenotypes similar to those seen in Flcn-deficient mice in multiple organs, but not in kidneys. We found that absolute Fnip2 mRNA copy number was low relative to Fnip1 in organs that showed phenotypes under Fnip1 deficiency but was comparable to Fnip1 mRNA copy number in mouse kidney. Strikingly, kidney-targeted Fnip1/Fnip2 double inactivation produced enlarged polycystic kidneys, as was previously reported in Flcn-deficient kidneys. Kidney-specific Flcn inactivation did not further augment kidney size or cystic histology of Fnip1/Fnip2 double-deficient kidneys, suggesting pathways dysregulated in Flcn-deficient kidneys and Fnip1/Fnip2 double-deficient kidneys are convergent. Heterozygous Fnip1/homozygous Fnip2 double-knockout mice developed kidney cancer at 24 mo of age, analogous to the heterozygous Flcn knockout mouse model, further supporting the concept that Fnip1 and Fnip2 are essential for the tumor-suppressive function of Flcn and that kidney tumorigenesis in human Birt–Hogg–Dubé syndrome may be triggered by loss of interactions among Flcn, Fnip1, and Fnip2. Our findings uncover important roles for Fnip1 and Fnip2 in kidney tumor suppression and may provide molecular targets for the development of novel therapeutics for kidney cancer.
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Allali, R., M. Aarab, A. Agbakou, M. A. Lakmichi, Z. Dahami, M. S. Moudouni i I. Sarf. "Endo-Urological Management of Renal Lithiasis on Supernumerary Kidney: Flexible Ureteroscopy". Scholars Journal of Medical Case Reports 10, nr 3 (30.03.2022): 276–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.36347/sjmcr.2022.v10i03.028.
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Supernumerary kidneys are defined by the presence of a 3rd or 4th kidney that is separate from the homolateral kidney and is served by a branch of a bifid ureter or a separate (double) ureter. These kidneys are poorly documented and extremely rare. These kidneys may be the site of lithiasis. We report here the ureteroscopic management of a pyelocalic lithiasis on a supernumerary kidney revealed by right low back pain in a woman.
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Rambe, Tri Putra Rahmad Ramadani, i M. Hidayat Surya Atmaja. "Kidney cancer with complications in Dr. Soetomo Regional Public Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia". International journal of health sciences 6, S1 (22.03.2022): 1832–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v6ns1.4944.
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Kidney cancer is a disease in which kidney cells become malignant and grow uncontrollably, forming a mass or tumor. Before discussing further kidney cancer, it is important to briefly know the kidneys. The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs located in the lower abdomen on the left and right of the spine. The primary function of the kidneys is to excrete and excrete water, salt, and other unnecessary substances and turn them into urine. The urine collects in the renal pelvis (the funnel-shaped part of each kidney), then travels to the ureters (the tube between the kidneys and bladder), and finally to the bladder, where it is stored before urination. Another function of the kidneys is to help control blood pressure by making the renin hormone and forming red blood cells by forming the hormone erythropoietin. In the United States, an estimated 76,080 adults were diagnosed with kidney cancer, and 13,780 of them died from the disease in 2021. Meanwhile, a total of 2,394 new cases of kidney cancer were found in Indonesia with 1,358 total deaths in 2020. More than half of patients with kidney cancer are diagnosed at an advanced stage.
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Borda, B., T. Németh, A. Ottlakan, C. Keresztes, É. Kemény i G. Lázár. "Post-transplantation morphological and functional changes in kidneys from expanded criteria donors". Physiology International 104, nr 4 (grudzień 2017): 329–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/2060.104.2017.4.4.
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Introduction Despite an increase in the number of cadaver donors and overall organ transplantations, the dramatic increase in the waiting list makes it necessary to reconsider donor criteria. The authors wanted to examine whether differences could exist in the function and/or morphology of transplanted kidneys originated from expanded criteria donors (ECDs) and ideal donors 1 and 5 years after transplantation. Methods Kidney function and histopathologic findings were analyzed and compared 1 and 5 years after transplantation in 97 patients having ECD kidneys and in 178 patients who received ideal donor kidneys (IDK). Results Serum creatinine level was significantly higher (p = 0.001) and estimated glomerular filtration rate was significantly lower (p = 0.003) in patients having ECD kidneys as compared with those with IDK 5 years after transplantation. Morphological changes in the transplanted kidneys, such as tubulitis (p = 0.025) and interstitial inflammation (p = 0.002), were significantly more frequently present in patients with ECD kidneys than in those with IDK 1 year after transplantation. Conclusion Despite an absence of differences in kidney function 1 year after kidney transplantation between patients having ECD and IDK, morphological differences in the transplanted kidneys can be detected between the two groups of patients.
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Franjic, Sinisa. "A Few Words about Kidney Cancer". Clinical Case Reports and Trails 1, nr 1 (15.12.2022): 01–03. http://dx.doi.org/10.58489/2836-2217/001.
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Kidney cancer is a malignant disease that affects a large number of adults around the world. The kidneys are paired organs, extremely important for the normal functioning of the body. Each person has two kidneys, left and right, located along the spine and below the ribs. The kidneys are the main filters in the human body and perform multiple functions. They are responsible for fluid control, excretion of toxins, mineral salts, production of the hormone erythropoietin which stimulates the production of red blood cells. Each kidney works independently and a person can live with one kidney. When the kidneys are severely damaged, this leads to the need for dialysis. Kidney tumor refers to abnormal tissue growth within the kidney, and can be benign or malignant. This disease affects men more often than women aged 55 to 75 years. The disease develops within one or both kidneys, while in an advanced stage it spreads to the lymph nodes and bloodstream. It is important to know that early diagnosis and effective methods can help treat this type of cancer.
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Kelam, Jelena, Nela Kelam, Natalija Filipović, Luka Komić, Anita Racetin, Dora Komić, Sandra Kostić, Ivana Kuzmić Prusac i Katarina Vukojević. "Expression of Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Tract (CAKUT) Candidate Genes EDA2R, PCDH9, and TRAF7 in Normal Human Kidney Development and CAKUT". Genes 15, nr 6 (28.05.2024): 702. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes15060702.
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Approximately half of the cases of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in childhood are caused by congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT). Specific genes were identified as having significant importance in regard to the underlying genetic factors responsible for the CAKUT phenotype, and in our research, we focused on analyzing and comparing the expression levels of ectodysplasin A2 receptor (EDA2R), protocadherin9 (PCDH9), and TNF receptor-associated factor 7 (TRAF7) proteins in the cortex and medulla of healthy control kidneys during developmental phases 2, 3, and 4. We also performed an analysis of the area percentages of the mentioned proteins in the cortical and medullary sections of healthy embryonic and fetal kidneys compared to those affected by CAKUT, including duplex kidneys (DK), horseshoe kidneys (HK), hypoplastic kidneys (HYP), and dysplastic kidneys (DYS). We found that the CAKUT candidate gene proteins EDA2R, PCDH9, and TRAF7 are all expressed during normal human kidney development stages. In DYS, the expression of EDA2R was higher than in normal kidneys, likely due to EDA2R’s role in apoptosis, which was upregulated in specific cases and could possibly contribute to the formation of DYS. The expression of PCDH9 was lower in HK, which can be attributed to the possible role of PCDH9 in cell migration suppression. Decreased PCDH9 expression is linked to increased cell migration, potentially contributing to the development of HK. The level of TRAF7 expression was reduced in all examined kidney disorders compared to normal kidneys, suggesting that this reduction might be attributed to the crucial role of TRAF7 in the formation of endothelium and ciliogenesis, both of which are essential for normal kidney development. Further research is required to ascertain the function of these proteins in both the typical development of the kidney and in CAKUT.
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Solic, Ivana, Anita Racetin, Natalija Filipovic, Snjezana Mardesic, Ivana Bocina, Danica Galesic-Ljubanovic, Meri Glavina Durdov, Mirna Saraga-Babić i Katarina Vukojevic. "Expression Pattern of α-Tubulin, Inversin and Its Target Dishevelled-1 and Morphology of Primary Cilia in Normal Human Kidney Development and Diseases". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, nr 7 (28.03.2021): 3500. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22073500.
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The spatiotemporal expression of α-tubulin, inversin and dishevelled-1 (DVL-1) proteins associated with the Wnt-signaling pathway, and primary cilia morphology were analyzed in developing kidneys (14th–38th developmental weeks), healthy postnatal (1.5- and 7-years old) and pathologically changed human kidneys, including multicystic dysplastic kidneys (MCDK), focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and nephrotic syndrome of the Finnish type (CNF). The analysis was performed by double immunofluorescence, electron microscopy, semiquantitative and statistical methods. Cytoplasmic co-expression of α-tubulin, inversin and DVL-1 was observed in the proximal convoluted tubules (pct), distal convoluted tubules (dct) and glomeruli (g) of analyzed tissues. During kidney development, the overall expression of α-tubulin, inversin and DVL-1 decreased, while in the postnatal period slightly increased. The highest expressions of α-tubulin and inversin characterized dct and g, while high DVL-1 characterized pct. α-tubulin, inversin and DVL-1 expression pattern in MCDK, FSGS and CNF kidneys significantly differed from the healthy control. Compared to healthy kidneys, pathologically changed kidneys had dysmorphic primary cilia. Different expression dynamics of α-tubulin, inversin and DVL-1 during kidney development could indicate that switch between the canonical and noncanonical Wnt-signaling is essential for normal kidney morphogenesis. In contrast, their disturbed expression in pathological kidneys might be associated with abnormal primary cilia, leading to chronic kidney diseases.
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King, Kristen L., S. Ali Husain, Miko Yu, Joel T. Adler, Jesse Schold i Sumit Mohan. "Characterization of Transplant Center Decisions to Allocate Kidneys to Candidates With Lower Waiting List Priority". JAMA Network Open 6, nr 6 (5.06.2023): e2316936. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.16936.
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ImportanceAllocation of deceased donor kidneys is meant to follow a ranked match-run list of eligible candidates, but transplant centers with a 1-to-1 relationship with their local organ procurement organization have full discretion to decline offers for higher-priority candidates and accept them for lower-ranked candidates at their center.ObjectiveTo describe the practice and frequency of transplant centers placing deceased donor kidneys with candidates who are not the highest rank at their center according to the allocation algorithm.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study used 2015 to 2019 organ offer data from US transplant centers with a 1-to-1 relationship with their local organ procurement organization, following candidates for transplant events from January 2015 to December 2019. Participants were deceased kidney donors with a single match-run and at least 1 kidney transplanted locally and adult, first-time, kidney-only transplant candidates receiving at least 1 offer for a locally transplanted deceased donor kidney. Data were analyzed from March 1, 2022 to March 28, 2023.ExposureDemographic and clinical characteristics of donors and recipients.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe outcome of interest was kidney transplantation into the highest-priority candidate (defined as transplanted after zero declines for local candidates in the match-run) vs a lower-ranked candidate.ResultsThis study assessed 26 579 organ offers from 3136 donors (median [IQR] age, 38 [25-51] years; 2903 [62%] men) to 4668 recipients. Transplant centers skipped their highest-ranked candidate to place kidneys further down the match-run for 3169 kidneys (68%). These kidneys went to a median (IQR) of the fourth- (third- to eighth-) ranked candidate. Higher kidney donor profile index (KDPI; higher score indicates lower quality) kidneys were less likely to go to the highest-ranked candidate, with 24% of kidneys with KDPI of at least 85% going to the top-ranked candidate vs 44% of KDPI 0% to 20% kidneys. When comparing estimated posttransplant survival (EPTS) scores between the skipped candidates and the ultimate recipients, kidneys were placed with recipients with both better and worse EPTS than the skipped candidates, across all KDPI risk groups.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study of local kidney allocation at isolated transplant centers, we found that centers frequently skipped their highest-priority candidates to place kidneys further down the allocation prioritization list, often citing organ quality concerns but placing kidneys with recipients with both better and worse EPTS with nearly equal frequency. This occurred with limited transparency and highlights the opportunity to improve the matching and offer algorithm to improve allocation efficiency.
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Punukollu, Rachana, Margaret Ryan, Suman Misra, Pooja Budhiraja, Stephanie Ohara, Kayla Kumm, Giselle Guerra, Kunam S. Reddy, Raymond Heilman i Caroline C. Jadlowiec. "Past, Current, and Future Perspectives on Transplanting Acute Kidney Injury Kidneys". Clinics and Practice 13, nr 4 (14.08.2023): 944–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/clinpract13040086.
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(1) Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) kidneys have high non-utilization rates due to concerns regarding unfavorable outcomes. In this paper, we aimed to review the past, present, and future opinions on AKI kidneys. (2) Methods: A PubMed search was conducted for topics relevant to AKI kidney transplantation. (3) Results: Current short- and long-term data on AKI kidneys have demonstrated good outcomes including favorable graft function and survival. The role of procurement biopsies is controversial, but they have been shown to be beneficial in AKI kidneys by allowing clinicians to differentiate between reversible tubular injury and irreversible cortical necrosis. Machine perfusion has also been applied to AKI kidneys and has been shown to reduce delayed graft function (DGF). The incidence of DGF increases with AKI severity and its management can be challenging. Strategies employed to counteract this have included early initiation of dialysis after kidney transplantation, early targeting of adequate immunosuppression levels to minimize rejection risk, and establishment of outpatient dialysis. (4) Conclusions: Despite good outcomes, there continue to be barriers that impact AKI kidney utilization. Successful strategies have included use of procurement biopsies or machine perfusion and expectant management of DGF. With increasing experience, better use of AKI kidneys can result in additional opportunities to expand the donor pool.
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Islam, Md Monirul, Md Foyzur Rahman, Ariful Islam, Mst Sayela Afroz, Md Al Mamun, Md Muedur Rahman, Md Maniruzzaman i in. "Elucidating Gender-Specific Distribution of Imipramine, Chloroquine, and Their Metabolites in Mice Kidney Tissues through AP-MALDI-MSI". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, nr 9 (29.04.2024): 4840. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms25094840.
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Knowledge of gender-specific drug distributions in different organs are of great importance for personalized medicine and reducing toxicity. However, such drug distributions have not been well studied. In this study, we investigated potential differences in the distribution of imipramine and chloroquine, as well as their metabolites, between male and female kidneys. Kidneys were collected from mice treated with imipramine or chloroquine and then subjected to atmospheric pressure matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-mass spectrometry imaging (AP-MALDI-MSI). We observed differential distributions of the drugs and their metabolites between male and female kidneys. Imipramine showed prominent distributions in the cortex and medulla in male and female kidneys, respectively. Desipramine, one of the metabolites of imipramine, showed significantly higher (*** p < 0.001) distributions in the medulla of the male kidney compared to that of the female kidney. Chloroquine and its metabolites were accumulated in the pelvis of both male and female kidneys. Interestingly, they showed a characteristic distribution in the medulla of the female kidney, while almost no distributions were observed in the same areas of the male kidney. For the first time, our study revealed that the distributions of imipramine, chloroquine, and their metabolites were different in male and female kidneys.
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Rahmawati, Wiwit, Heru Muryawan i Farah Prabowo. "Renal imaging in children with chronic kidney disease". Paediatrica Indonesiana 53, nr 4 (31.08.2013): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/pi53.4.2013.193-9.
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Background Chronic kidney failure is a cause of death inchildren. Diagnosing chronic kidney disease is often made byclinical manifestations, laboratory findings and ultrasonographyor other imaging tests. Early detection of chronic kidney diseaseis needed for education and management of the disease.Objective To describe renal imaging findings and mortality inchildren with chronic kidney disease .Methods This was a cross-sectional study on children with kidneydiseases who were inpatients at Dr. Kariadi Hospital from January2008 to June 2011. Data were taken from medical records. Chronickidney disease was confirmed by clinical manifestations, laboratoryfindings, and radiologic imaging. Renal ultrasound findings weredetermined by the radiologist responsible at that time. Resultswere presented as ft:equency distributions.Results Of 37 chronic kidney disease cases, 27 were males and 10were females. Subjects' most common complaints were dyspnea (7out of 3 7) and edema (30 out of 3 7) . Renal ultrasound imaging ofsubjects with chronic kidney disease yielded the following findings:reduced cortico-medullary differentiation (30 out of 3 7), bilateralechogenic kidneys (21 out of 3 7), reduced renal cortex thickness(4 out of 37) and small-sized kidneys (4 out of 37) . Eight of the37 children died. These 8 subjects had the following radiologicimaging findin gs: both kidneys appeared small in size (4 out ofS),reduced 'renal cortex' thickness (4 out of 8), echogenic kidneys(6 out of 8), and reduced cortico-medullary differentiation (8out of8).Conclusion Renal ultrasound imaging of pediatric subjects withchronic kidney disease revealed findings of reduced corticomedullarydifferentiation, bilateral echogenic kidneys, reducedrenal cortex thickness, and small kidneys bilaterally.
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Lo, Sorena B., Richard T. Blaszak i Nirmala Parajuli. "Targeting Mitochondria during Cold Storage to Maintain Proteasome Function and Improve Renal Outcome after Transplantation". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, nr 10 (15.05.2020): 3506. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21103506.
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Kidney transplantation is the preferred treatment for end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Compared to maintenance dialysis, kidney transplantation results in improved patient survival and quality of life. Kidneys from living donors perform best; however, many patients with ESKD depend on kidneys from deceased donors. After procurement, donor kidneys are placed in a cold-storage solution until a suitable recipient is located. Sadly, prolonged cold storage times are associated with inferior transplant outcomes; therefore, in most situations when considering donor kidneys, long cold-storage times are avoided. The identification of novel mechanisms of cold-storage-related renal damage will lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies for preserving donor kidneys; to date, these mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this review, we discuss the importance of mitochondrial and proteasome function, protein homeostasis, and renal recovery during stress from cold storage plus transplantation. Additionally, we discuss novel targets for therapeutic intervention to improve renal outcomes.
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Jain, Anubhuti, Archana Shrivastava i Reeni Malik. "Ectopic kidney: a rare case presentation". International Journal of Scientific Reports 8, nr 7 (23.06.2022): 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-2156.intjscirep20221590.
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<p>The ectopic kidneys are a rare developmental disorder. The ectopic kidneys are the result of the cessation of normal migration. The incidence of ectopic kidney is 1/12,000 clinical cases and 1/900 post-mortem cases. Such kidneys may be asymptomatic, show vague symptoms, or remain undetected for life. However, early detection of ectopic kidneys can prevent long-term complications. Here were present a case of 17-year-old adolescent with an ectopic kidney presented with an episode of intermittent pain in her left umbilical region for one year. A physical examination revealed a tender lump in the umbilical region of the abdomen. The USG showed a mass on the left side of the umbilical region, which could be an ectopic kidney. Computer tomography showed an ectopic kidney in the midline of the umbilical region. In addition, DTPA scans of the kidney showed that the left kidney showed inadequate function with delayed upper inflow tract. Urinalysis revealed urinary tract infection. Patient had mild degree of anaemia with low serum iron levels. The ectopic kidney was removed and sent to us in our lab. Histo-pathological examination was done and it revealed normal parenchyma of kidney. Ectopic kidneys should be included in the differential diagnosis in patients with abdominal pain and palpable lump in the abdomen. Early detection can prevent long term complications.</p>
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Rehman, Sami ur, Liaqat Ali, Jehanzeb ., Muhammad Asif, Syed Arif i Hanif Khan. "Effectiveness and Safety of Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in Malrotated Kidneys". Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 15, nr 8 (30.08.2021): 2362–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs211582362.
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Background and Aim: The renal stones of any size could be effectively managed through an essential surgical technique known as Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL). The large size renal stones with abnormal kidneys imposed additional challenges for PNCL in anomalous kidneys. The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy in malrotated kidneys. Place and Duration: Conducted at Urology department of Mian Gul Abdulhaq Jehanzeb Kidney Hospital Manglawar, Swat for duration of two years (from May 2019 to April 2021). Materials and Methods. This single-centered retrospective study was conducted on 80 patients who underwent percutaneous nephrolithotomy with malrotation kidneys. The individuals with anomalous kidneys and complex calculi were enrolled in this study. These patients had kidneys anomalies such as horseshoe kidneys, crossed fused ectopia, malrotation kidneys, pelvic and complete stone clearance. Posterior or anterior approaches were followed for the procedure after preoperative evaluation in kidney anomalies. Retrograde catheterization was carried out under spinal and general anesthesia with the patients. For all the patients, stone size and clearance were measured. Results: Of the total 80 kidneys anomalies patients, 55 (68.7%) were male and 25 (31.3%) were females. Overall mean age was 35.26 ± 13.51. The stone size varied from 1.3cm to 7 cm. Patients were categorized into two groups based on stone sizes such as group I (1.3-2.5 cm) had 42 (52.5%) and group II (25-7cm) 38 (47.5%) patients. The patients included renal pelvis 19 (23.6%), the pelvic ureteric junction (PUJ) 8 (10%), horseshoe kidneys 2 (2.5%), crossed fused ectopia 9 (11.3%), and malrotation kidneys 3 (3.8%).The stone clearance was completed in 77 (96.3%) patients. The statistically significant factor for complete clearance was the staghorn stone calculus. Conclusion: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy is a safe and effective procedure for large renal stones management in patients of anomalous kidneys. Higher renal stones clearance can be achieved with minimum morbidity by suitable preoperative evaluation and technical experts. Keywords: Malrotated kidney; Nephrostomy, Percutaneous; Nephrolithiasis; Abnormality
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Hauser, Peter V., Hsiao-Min Chang, Norimoto Yanagawa i Morgan Hamon. "Nanotechnology, Nanomedicine, and the Kidney". Applied Sciences 11, nr 16 (4.08.2021): 7187. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11167187.
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The kidneys are vital organs performing several essential functions. Their primary function is the filtration of blood and the removal of metabolic waste products as well as fluid homeostasis. Renal filtration is the main pathway for drug removal, highlighting the importance of this organ to the growing field of nanomedicine. The kidneys (i) have a key role in the transport and clearance of nanoparticles (NPs), (ii) are exposed to potential NPs’ toxicity, and (iii) are the targets of diseases that nanomedicine can study, detect, and treat. In this review, we aim to summarize the latest research on kidney-nanoparticle interaction. We first give a brief overview of the kidney’s anatomy and renal filtration, describe how nanoparticle characteristics influence their renal clearance, and the approaches taken to image and treat the kidney, including drug delivery and tissue engineering. Finally, we discuss the future and some of the challenges faced by nanomedicine.
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Husain, Syed Ali, Mariana C. Chiles, Samnang Lee, Stephen O. Pastan, Rachel E. Patzer, Bekir Tanriover, Lloyd E. Ratner i Sumit Mohan. "Characteristics and Performance of Unilateral Kidney Transplants from Deceased Donors". Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 13, nr 1 (7.12.2017): 118–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2215/cjn.06550617.
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Background and objectivesThe fraction of kidneys procured for transplant that are discarded is rising in the United States. Identifying donors from whom only one kidney was discarded allows us to control for donor traits and better assess reasons for organ discard.Design, setting, participants, & measurementsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study using United Network for Organ Sharing Standard Transplant Analysis and Research file data to identify deceased donors from whom two kidneys were procured and at least one was transplanted. Unilateral pairs were defined as kidney pairs from a single donor from whom one kidney was discarded (“unilateral discard”) but the other was transplanted (“unilateral transplant”). Organ quality was estimated using the Kidney Donor Risk Index and Kidney Donor Profile Index (KDPI). We compared all-cause graft failure rates for unilateral transplants to those for bilateral transplant Kaplan–Meier methods, and life table methodology was used to evaluate 1-, 2-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates of transplants from bilateral and unilateral donors.ResultsCompared with bilateral donors (i.e., both kidneys transplanted) (n=80,584), unilateral donors (i.e., only one kidney transplanted) (n=7625) had higher mean terminal creatinine (1.3±2.1 mg/dl versus 1.1±0.9 mg/dl) and KDPI (67%±25% versus 42%±27%), were older, and were more likely to have hypertension, diabetes, hepatitis C, terminal stroke, or meet Centers for Disease Control and Prevention high-risk donor criteria. Unilateral discards were primarily attributed to factors expected to be similar in both kidneys from a donor: biopsy findings (22%), no interested recipient (13%), and donor history (7%). Anatomic abnormalities (14%), organ damage (11%), and extended ischemia (6%) accounted for about 30% of discards, but were the commonest reasons among low KDPI kidneys. Among kidneys with KDPI≥60%, there was an incremental difference in allograft survival over time (for unilateral versus bilateral transplants, 1-year survival: 83% versus 87%; 3-year survival: 69% versus 73%; 5-year survival: 51% versus 58%).ConclusionsA large number of discarded kidneys were procured from donors whose contralateral kidneys were transplanted with good post-transplant outcomes.
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Pavlović, Nikola, Nela Kelam, Anita Racetin, Natalija Filipović, Zenon Pogorelić, Ivana Kuzmić Prusac i Katarina Vukojević. "Expression Profiles of ITGA8 and VANGL2 Are Altered in Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Tract (CAKUT)". Molecules 29, nr 14 (12.07.2024): 3294. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29143294.
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Kidney failures in infants are mostly caused by congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT), which are among the most common congenital birth disorders worldwide when paired with cardiac abnormalities. People with CAKUT often have severe kidney failure as a result of a wide range of abnormalities that can occur alone or in conjunction with other syndromic disorders. In this study, we aimed to investigate the expression pattern of CAKUT candidate genes alpha-8 integrin (ITGA8) and Van Gogh-like 2 (VANGL2) in fetal tissues of healthy and CAKUT-affected kidneys using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. We found that under CAKUT circumstances, the expressions of ITGA8 and VANGL2 are changed. Additionally, we showed that VANGL2 expression is constant during fetal aging, but ITGA8 expression varies. Moreover, compared to normal healthy kidneys (CTRL), ITGA8 is poorly expressed in duplex kidneys (DKs) and dysplastic kidneys (DYS), whereas VANGL2 is substantially expressed in dysplastic kidneys (DYS) and poorly expressed in hypoplastic kidneys (HYP). These results point to VANGL2 and ITGA8 as potential prognostic indicators for CAKUT malformations. Further research is necessary to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying this differential expression of ITGA8 and VANGL2.
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Caliskan, Yasar, Yasemin Ozluk, Kento Kurashima, Safak Mirioglu, Ahmet Burak Dirim, Ozge Hurdogan, Ozgur Akin Oto i in. "LIM Zinc Finger Domain Containing 1 Risk Genotype of Recipient Is Associated with Renal Tubular Inflammation in Kidney Transplantation". Genes 15, nr 6 (13.06.2024): 773. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes15060773.
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Background: Homozygosity for LIMS1 rs893403-GG genotype is linked to an increased risk of allograft rejection after kidney transplantation. Ischemia-reperfusion of the kidney allograft leads to long term infiltration of activated and effector-memory T lymphocytes and resulting in rejection and long-term fibrosis. However, the genotype, LIMS1 expression under ischemic conditions and the long-term histopathological relationships remain ill-defined. Methods: We examined the impact of the recipient’s LIMS1-rs893403 genotype with transplant kidney histopathology. The association of the LIMS1-rs893403 genotype and LIMS1 and GCC2 mRNA expression in ischemic donor kidneys were also examined. Recipients who underwent transplant kidney biopsy were genotyped for the LIMS1-rs893403 variant and associated deletion. Histopathological findings were compared between recipients with LIMS1 risk and non-risk genotypes. Real-time PCR and immunofluorescence staining for LIMS1 and GCC2 expression were performed in non-utilized donor kidneys. Results: Demographic, clinical, and treatment characteristics and the histopathological diagnosis were similar between recipients with rs893403 GG and AA/AG genotype. The Banff tubulitis score was higher in GG recipients (n = 24) compared to AA/AG (n = 86) recipients (1.42 ± 0.65 vs. 1.12 ± 0.66, p = 0.03). Ischemic kidneys with GG showed higher LIMS1 and GCC2 mRNA expression than kidneys with AG. Kidneys with rs893403-GG had higher tubular LIMS1 and GCC2 immunohistochemical staining compared to kidneys with rs893403-AG. Conclusions: Our data supports the role of the LIMS1 locus in kidney transplant rejection, particularly in lymphocyte infiltration into the internal aspect of the tubular basement membranes. Increased LIMS1 and GCC2 expression in ischemic donor kidneys with the GG genotype require further studies.
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Husain, S. Ali, Kristen L. King, Geoffrey K. Dube, Demetra Tsapepas, David J. Cohen, Lloyd E. Ratner i Sumit Mohan. "Regional Disparities in Transplantation With Deceased Donor Kidneys With Kidney Donor Profile Index Less Than 20% Among Candidates With Top 20% Estimated Post Transplant Survival". Progress in Transplantation 29, nr 4 (10.09.2019): 354–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1526924819874699.
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Introduction: The Kidney Allocation System in the United States prioritizes candidates with Estimated Post-Transplant Survival (EPTS) ≤20% to receive deceased donor kidneys with Kidney Donor Profile Index (KDPI) ≤20%. Research Question: We compared access to KDPI ≤ 20% kidneys for EPTS ≤ 20% candidates across the United States to determine whether geographic disparities in access to these low KDPI kidneys exist. Design: We identified all incident adult deceased donor kidney candidates wait-listed January 1, 2015, to March 31, 2018, using United Network for Organ Sharing data. We calculated the proportion of candidates transplanted, final EPTS, and KDPI of transplanted kidneys for candidates listed with EPTS ≤ 20% versus >20%. We compared the odds of receiving a KDPI ≤ 20% deceased donor kidney for EPTS ≤ 20% candidates across regions using logistic regression. Results: Among 121 069 deceased donor kidney candidates, 28.5% had listing EPTS ≤ 20%. Of these, 16.1% received deceased donor kidney transplants (candidates listed EPTS > 20%: 17.1% transplanted) and 12.3% lost EPTS ≤ 20% status. Only 49.4% of transplanted EPTS ≤ 20% candidates received a KDPI ≤ 20% kidney, and 48.3% of KDPI ≤ 20% kidneys went to recipients with EPTS > 20% at the time of transplantation. Odds of receiving a KDPI ≤ 20% kidney were highest in region 6 and lowest in region 9 (odds ratio 0.19 [0.13 to 0.28]). The ratio of KDPI ≤ 20% donors per EPTS ≤ 20% candidate and likelihood of KDPI ≤ 20% transplantation were strongly correlated ( r 2 = 0.84). Discussion: Marked geographic variation in the likelihood of receiving a KDPI ≤ 20% deceased donor kidney among transplanted EPTS ≤ 20% candidates exists and is related to differences in organ availability within allocation borders. Policy changes to improve organ sharing are needed to improve equity in access to low KDPI kidneys.
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Krayacich, J., R. L. Kline i P. F. Mercer. "Supersensitivity to NE alters renal function of chronically denervated rat kidneys". American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 252, nr 5 (1.05.1987): F856—F864. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1987.252.5.f856.
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The effect of norepinephrine (NE) infusion (10, 100, and 330 ng/min, iv) on renal blood flow (RBF), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), urine flow, and sodium excretion was studied during ganglionic blockade in Inactin-anesthetized Wistar rats with one kidney innervated and the contralateral kidney denervated 7-10 days before the experiment. During the NE infusions, steady-state mean arterial pressure was 73 +/- 3, 91 +/- 5, and 117 +/- 2 mmHg, whereas plasma NE concentration averaged 3.9 +/- 1.2, 26.4 +/- 3.2, and 78.1 +/- 4.8 pmol/ml, respectively. At the lowest dose, RBF and GFR were decreased significantly in both kidneys but were significantly lower in the denervated kidneys than in the innervated kidneys. Urine flow and total and fractional sodium excretion increased significantly from the innervated kidneys but not from the denervated kidneys during the 100 and 330 ng/min infusion of NE. When renal perfusion pressure was controlled at the level found after ganglionic blockade, RBF and GFR decreased significantly in both kidneys but to a greater extent in the denervated kidneys at all doses of NE. Urine flow and total and fractional sodium excretion decreased significantly from the denervated kidneys at all doses of NE but decreased from the innervated kidneys only at the highest dose. These results indicate that in chronically denervated kidneys both tubular and vascular responses to NE are altered. The data support the conclusion that denervation supersensitivity can significantly alter renal responses to increased plasma concentration of NE.
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Jang, Hee-Seong, Jee In Kim, Jinu Kim, Jeen-Woo Park i Kwon Moo Park. "Angiotensin II Removes Kidney Resistance Conferred by Ischemic Preconditioning". BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/602149.
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Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) renders resistance to the kidney. Strong IPC triggers kidney fibrosis, which is involved in angiotensin II (AngII) and its type 1 receptor (AT1R) signaling. Here, we investigated the role of AngII/AT1R signal pathway in the resistance of IPC kidneys to subsequent I/R injury. IPC of kidneys was generated by 30 minutes of bilateral renal ischemia and 8 days of reperfusion. Sham-operation was performed to generate control (non-IPC) mice. To examine the roles of AngII and AT1R in IPC kidneys to subsequent I/R, IPC kidneys were subjected to either 30 minutes of bilateral kidney ischemia or sham-operation following treatment with AngII, losartan (AT1R blocker), or AngII plus losartan. IPC kidneys showed fibrotic changes, decreased AngII, and increased AT1R expression. I/R dramatically increased plasma creatinine concentrations in non-IPC mice, but not in IPC mice. AngII treatment in IPC mice resulted in enhanced morphological damage, oxidative stress, and inflammatory responses, with functional impairment, whereas losartan treatment reversed these effects. However, AngII treatment in non-IPC mice did not change I/R-induced injury. AngII abolished the resistance of IPC kidneys to subsequent I/R via the enhancement of oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, suggesting that the AngII/AT1R signaling pathway is associated with outcome in injury-experienced kidney.
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Mishra, Rangnath, Steven N. Emancipator, Casey Miller, Timothy Kern i Michael S. Simonson. "Adipose differentiation-related protein and regulators of lipid homeostasis identified by gene expression profiling in the murine db/db diabetic kidney". American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 286, nr 5 (maj 2004): F913—F921. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00323.2003.
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We investigated the molecular basis of progressive diabetic renal injury in db/db mice by profiling kidney gene expression. Using high-density microarrays, we identified 482 RNA transcripts differentially expressed in 8-wk db/db vs. nondiabetic db/m kidneys, a time characterized by hyperglycemia but by little renal histopathology. By 16 wk significant mesangial expansion had developed. Sixteen-week db/db kidneys differentially expressed 639 RNA transcripts. Diabetic kidneys specifically expressed several genes normally found in adipocytes, including adipocyte differentiation-regulated protein (ADRP; or adipophilin in humans). ADRP mRNA was specifically upregulated 5.4-fold in 16-wk db/db kidneys. This finding was confirmed at the protein level by Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry localized ADRP diffusely to tubular epithelium throughout the cortex. ADRP is a perilipin family protein that forms lipid storage vesicles and controls triglyceride utilization; we showed that accumulation of lipid storage droplets correlated with the magnitude and localization of ADRP in db/db kidneys. Other genes involved in lipid transport, oxidation, and storage were differentially regulated in db/db kidneys, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα) has been shown to regulate their expression in adipocytes. In our experiments, PPARα mRNA was elevated in db/db diabetic kidneys, and PPARα protein was upregulated in glomeruli, cortical tubules, and renal arterial vessels of db/db mice. In conclusion, these studies furnish new RNA-based data for mechanistic investigation into renal injury in the diabetic kidney and identify a switch of kidney phenotype in favor of lipid accumulation in diabetic kidney.
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Goesch, Torsten R., Nancy A. Wilson, Weifeng Zeng, Bret M. Verhoven, Weixiong Zhong, Maya M. Coumbe Gitter i William E. Fahl. "Suppression of Inflammation-Associated Kidney Damage Post-Transplant Using the New PrC-210 Free Radical Scavenger in Rats". Biomolecules 11, nr 7 (19.07.2021): 1054. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11071054.
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Allograft kidney transplantation, which triggers host cellular- and antibody-mediated rejection of the kidney, is a major contributor to kidney damage during transplant. Here, we asked whether PrC-210 would suppress damage seen in allograft kidney transplant. Brown Norway (BN) rat kidneys were perfused in situ (UW Solution) with or without added 30 mM PrC-210, and then immediately transplanted into Lewis (LEW) rats. 20 h later, the transplanted BN kidneys and LEW rat plasma were analyzed. Kidney histology, and kidney/serum levels of several inflammation-associated cytokines, were measured to assess mismatch-related kidney pathology, and PrC-210 protective efficacy. Twenty hours after the allograft transplants: (i) significant histologic kidney tubule damage and mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltration were seen in allograft kidneys; (ii) kidney function metrics (creatinine and BUN) were significantly elevated; (iii) significant changes in key cytokines, i.e., TIMP-1, TNF-alpha and MIP-3A/CCL20, and kidney activated caspase levels were seen. In PrC-210-treated kidneys and recipient rats, (i) kidney histologic damage (Banff Scores) and mononuclear infiltration were reduced to untreated background levels; (ii) creatinine and BUN were significantly reduced; and (iii) activated caspase and cytokine changes were significantly reduced, some to background. In conclusion, the results suggest that PrC-210 could provide broadly applicable organ protection for many allograft transplantation conditions; it could protect transplanted kidneys during and after all stages of the transplantation process—from organ donation, through transportation, re-implantation and the post-operative inflammation—to minimize acute and chronic rejection.
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Tian, Zhi-Kai, Yu-Jia Zhang, Zhao-Jun Feng, Hong Jiang, Chao Cheng, Jian-Mei Sun i Chan-Min Liu. "Nephroprotective effect of gastrodin against lead-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in mice by the GSH, Trx, Nrf2 antioxidant system, and the HMGB1 pathway". Toxicology Research 10, nr 2 (marzec 2021): 249–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/toxres/tfab003.
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Abstract Gastrodin (GAS), the main phenolic glycoside derivative from Gastrodiaelata Blume, has several bio-activities. However, the molecular mechanisms of these protective actions currently remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms of GAS on lead (Pb)-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in the kidneys and primary kidney mesangial cells. Results indicated that GAS improved Pb-induced renal dysfunction and morphological changes in mice. GAS ameliorated Pb-induced inflammation in kidneys by reducing the TNF-α and IL-6 levels. GAS inhibited Pb-induced oxidative stress by regulating the glutathione, thioredoxin (Trx), and Nrf2 antioxidant systems. Furthermore, GAS supplementation increased the activation of SOD, GPx, HO-1, and NQO1 in the kidneys. GAS decreased the expression levels of HMGB1, TLR4, RAGE, MyD88, and NF-κB. These results were further confirmed in primary kidney mesangial cells. Collectively, this study demonstrated that GAS alleviated Pb-induced kidney oxidative stress and inflammation by regulating the antioxidant systems and the Nrf2 signaling pathway. Highlights Gastrodin ameliorated Pb-induced kidney injury in mice. Gastrodin inhibited oxidative stress and inflammation in kidneys. Gastrodin activated the GSH, Trx and Nrf2 antioxidant system in kidneys. Gastrodin inhibited the activities of HMGB1. RAGE, TLR4, and MyD88
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Steele, T. H., i L. Challoner-Hue. "Increased vascular response to calcium channel agonist by Dahl S rat kidney". American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 254, nr 4 (1.04.1988): F533—F539. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1988.254.4.f533.
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We examined responses to the calcium channel agonist, BAY-K 8644, of isolated perfused kidneys from Dahl salt-sensitive (DS) and -resistant (DR) rats that had been stabilized on high (HI) and low (LO) NaCl intakes. Mean arterial pressures of DS/HI rats exceeded those of the other three groups. BAY-K 8644 significantly increased the renal vascular resistance (RVR) of DS/HI and DS/LO kidneys, by 38 and 12%, respectively, but did not increase RVR of DR/HI or DR/LO kidneys significantly (6 and 2%, respectively). Increases in RVR and decreases in glomerular filtration rate of DS/HI kidneys exceeded those of DR/HI kidneys. Increases in the RVR of DS/LO kidneys exceeded those of DR/LO kidneys. Experiments utilizing the separate calcium channel agonist and antagonist enantiomers of BAY-K 8644 corroborated these findings, but at lower concentrations. “Chemical sympathectomy” with 6-hydroxydopamine increased the reactivity of kidneys from only high-NaCl animals to BAY-K 8644 without regard to Dahl S or R status. In conclusion, the DS kidney vasculature manifests an increase in responsiveness to this calcium channel agonist, independently of antecedent NaCl loading or high blood pressure. However, a high antecedent salt intake or hypertension enhances vascular responsiveness of the DS kidney to BAY-K 8644.
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Badu, Muna, Shankar Bahadur Singh Rajbhandari i Pashupati Regmi. "Normal Kidney Size in Nepalese Female at KMCTH". Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences 7, nr 2 (31.12.2019): 51–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jucms.v7i2.27139.
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INTRODUCTION: Baseline knowledge of normal kidney size is essential when evaluating patients with possible renal disease. This study was done to assess normal kidney size in Nepalese female at Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital.
MATERIALAND METHODS: Prospective hospital based cross sectional study was conducted including 231 adult females without any known renal diseases from November 2018 to February 2019. Renal length was measured as longest pole to pole distance. Renal width was measured as the maximum dimension in the cross section at the level of the renal hilum. Cortical thickness was measured between outer renal margin and renal sinus in transverse plane.
RESULTS: The mean length of right and left kidneys were 96.53±8.29 mm and 100.47±9.15 mm respectively with a range of 76-120 mm and 78-120 mm respectively. The mean renal width was 46.80±6.87 mm for right kidneys and 48.61±6.64 mm for left kidneys. The mean cortical thickness were 17.03±3.58 mm for right kidneys and 17.43±3.73 mm for left kidneys. There was significant correlation between length of right and left kidney, however there was no significant correlation between kidney length with kidney width and kidney length with cortical thickness. There was no significant correlation of renal parameters with age, height, weight and body mass index.
CONCLUSION: Normal kidney size of Nepalese females visiting Kathmandu Medical College was comparable to the previous studies. This will help as future reference to evaluate abnormal kidney sizes.
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Abraham, Nader, Qimeng Gao, Riley Kahan, Isaac S. Alderete, Bangchen Wang, David N. Howell, Imran J. Anwar i in. "Subnormothermic Oxygenated Machine Perfusion (24 h) in DCD Kidney Transplantation". Transplantation Direct 10, nr 6 (24.05.2024): e1633. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/txd.0000000000001633.
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Background. Ex vivo kidney perfusion is an evolving platform that demonstrates promise in preserving and rehabilitating the kidney grafts. Despite this, there is little consensus on the optimal perfusion conditions. Hypothermic perfusion offers limited functional assessment, whereas normothermic perfusion requires a more complex mechanical system and perfusate. Subnormothermic machine perfusion (SNMP) has the potential to combine the advantages of both approaches but has undergone limited investigation. Therefore, the present study sought to determine the suitability of SNMP for extended kidney preservation. Methods. SNMP at 22–25 °C was performed on a portable device for 24 h with porcine kidneys. Graft assessment included measurement of mechanical parameters and biochemical analysis of the perfusate using point-of-care tests. To investigate the viability of kidneys preserved by SNMP, porcine kidney autotransplants were performed in a donation after circulatory death (DCD) model. SNMP was also compared with static cold storage (SCS). Finally, follow-up experiments were conducted in a subset of human kidneys to test the translational significance of findings in porcine kidneys. Results. In the perfusion-only cohort, porcine kidneys all displayed successful perfusion for 24 h by SNMP, evidenced by stable mechanical parameters and biological markers of graft function. Furthermore, in the transplant cohort, DCD grafts with 30 min of warm ischemic injury demonstrated superior posttransplant graft function when preserved by SNMP in comparison with SCS. Finally, human kidneys that underwent 24-h perfusion exhibited stable functional and biological parameters consistent with observations in porcine organs. Conclusions. These observations demonstrate the suitability and cross-species generalizability of subnormothermic machine perfusion to maintain stable kidney perfusion and provide foundational evidence for improved posttransplant graft function of DCD kidneys after SNMP compared with SCS.
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Tomic, Aleksandar, Ivan Marjanovic i Sasa Mickovic. "En block paired cadaveric renal transplantation from an 18-months-old infant as a donor to an adult recipient: Case report and literature review". Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 146, nr 5-6 (2018): 309–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh170503198t.
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Introduction. Even in the modern era of kidney transplantation, the use of small grafts from pediatric cadaver donors remains controversial. This kind of transplantation is rare and, to date, limited data are presented. Major problems with infant kidney transplantation are difficulties in performing vascular anastomosis, vasospasm, renal vein thrombosis, and small infant kidneys with poor venous runoff. However, en bloc infant kidney transplantation could resolve this problems. Case outline. We report on transplantation of en bloc cadaver kidneys from an 18-month-old infant. The transplant recipient was a 32-year-old male, with a body weight of 65 kg. Abdominal ultrasonography showed kidneys growing, and no hydronephrosis, perirenal, or retroperitoneal collections were seen. Conclusion. Transplantation of infantile kidneys en bloc in our adult recipient provided good results. The follow-up will show the final effect.
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Chung, K. H., R. A. Gomez i R. L. Chevalier. "Regulation of renal growth factors and clusterin by AT1 receptors during neonatal ureteral obstruction". American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 268, nr 6 (1.06.1995): F1117—F1123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1995.268.6.f1117.
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Unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) in the neonate impairs growth of the ipsilateral kidney. Since renal renin expression is increased by UUO, we hypothesized that, by activation of AT1 receptors, angiotensin II (ANG II) regulates expression of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) in the obstructed kidney. Sprague-Dawley rats underwent left UUO or sham operation within the first 48 h of life and received losartan, 40 mg.kg-1.day-1, or saline. After 14 days, steady-state renal mRNA was determined for renin, TGF-beta 1, EGF, and clusterin. Losartan reduced the DNA content of the intact kidneys but did not further decrease that of the obstructed kidney. Losartan increased renal renin expression and decreased EGF expression by 80%, regardless of UUO. In contrast, losartan reduced TGF-beta 1 expression by 34% in obstructed kidneys but did not affect TGF-beta 1 in intact kidneys. Losartan increased clusterin expression by 60% in obstructed kidneys and seven-fold in intact kidneys. We conclude that activation of the ANG II AT1 receptor is necessary for normal renal growth and that TGF-beta 1 is regulated by AT1 receptors in the obstructed, but not intact, kidneys. Through AT1 receptors, endogenous ANG II stimulates EGF and inhibits clusterin expression.
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Donatila Mano S, Pasuarja Jeranding Ezra, Agnes Marcella i Yohanes Firmansyah. "Kegiatan Pengabdian Masyarakat dalam Rangka Edukasi Masyarakat Terhadap Hipertensi serta Deteksi Dini Penyakit Gagal Ginjal Sebagai Komplikasi dari Hipertensi". JURNAL PENGABDIAN MASYARAKAT INDONESIA 2, nr 2 (3.06.2023): 34–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.55606/jpmi.v2i2.1776.
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Hypertension and kidney failure are two types of diseases related to kidney health. Hypertension or high blood pressure can cause damage to the kidneys, while kidney failure is a condition in which the kidneys cannot function properly to build up metabolic waste and fluids from the body. Hypertension can cause damage to the small blood vessels in the kidneys, so that the kidneys cannot excrete waste properly. As a result, harmful substances can accumulate in the body and cause organ damage. If hypertension cannot be controlled properly, it can cause kidney damage and eventually lead to kidney failure. Failure is a kidney condition in which the kidneys cannot function properly to remove metabolic wastes and fluids from the body. Kidney failure can occur for a variety of reasons, including untreated hypertension, diabetes, congenital kidney disease, and use of certain medications. If left untreated, kidney failure can lead to accumulation of waste in the body and serious complications such as anemia, osteoporosis, heart disease and even death. Treatment of hypertension and kidney failure usually involves medication and lifestyle changes. Treatment includes the use of drugs prescribed by a doctor and the management of complications that may occur. Lifestyle changes include managing a healthy diet, reducing salt and fat consumption, exercising regularly, avoiding smoking, and managing stress. Early detection is very important in the management of hypertension and kidney failure. Regular blood pressure checks, urine tests to detect protein in the urine, and blood tests to detect levels of creatinine, blood glucose, and cholesterol in the blood can help detect risks and early symptoms of kidney disease.
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Pippias, Maria, Kitty J. Jager, Anders Åsberg, Stefan P. Berger, Patrik Finne, James G. Heaf, Julia Kerschbaum i in. "Young deceased donor kidneys show a survival benefit over older donor kidneys in transplant recipients aged 20–50 years: a study by the ERA–EDTA Registry". Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 35, nr 3 (7.09.2018): 534–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfy268.
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Abstract Background Updated survival outcomes of young recipients receiving young or old deceased donor kidneys are required when considering accepting a deceased donor kidney. Methods We examined outcomes in 6448 European kidney allografts donated from younger (≥20–<50 years) and older (≥50–<70 years) deceased donors when transplanted into very young (≥20–<35 years) or young (≥35–<50 years) adult recipients. Outcomes of first kidney transplantations during 2000–13 and followed-up to 2015 were determined via competing risk, restricted mean survival and Cox regression methods. Results The 10-year cumulative incidence of graft failure was lowest in very young {22.0% [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 19.1–24.9]} and young [15.3% (95% CI 13.7–16.9)] recipients of younger donor kidneys and highest in very young [36.7% (95% CI 31.9–41.5)] and young [29.2% (95% CI 25.1–33.2)] recipients of older donor kidneys. At the 10-year follow-up, younger donor kidneys had a 1 year (very young) or 9 months (young) longer mean graft survival time compared with older donor kidneys. Graft failure risk in younger donor kidneys was 45% [very young adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 0.55 (95% CI 0.44–0.68)] and 40% [young aHR 0.60 (95% CI 0.53–0.67)] lower compared with older donor kidneys. A 1-year increase in donor age resulted in a 2% [very young aHR 1.02 (95% CI 1.00–1.04)] or 1% [young aHR 1.01 (95% CI 1.00–1.01)] increase in the 10-year risk of death. Conclusions Younger donor kidneys show survival benefits over older donor kidneys in adult recipients ages 20–50 years. Updated survival outcomes from older deceased donors are necessary due to advances in transplantation medicine and the increasing role these donors play in organ transplantation.
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Nordholm, Anders, Maria L. Mace, Eva Gravesen, Jacob Hofman-Bang, Marya Morevati, Klaus Olgaard i Ewa Lewin. "Klotho and activin A in kidney injury: plasma Klotho is maintained in unilateral obstruction despite no upregulation of Klotho biosynthesis in the contralateral kidney". American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 314, nr 5 (1.05.2018): F753—F762. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00528.2017.
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In a new paradigm of etiology related to chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD), kidney injury may cause induction of factors in the injured kidney that are released into the circulation and thereby initiate and maintain renal fibrosis and CKD-MBD. Klotho is believed to ameliorate renal fibrosis and CKD-MBD, while activin A might have detrimental effects. The unilateral ureter obstruction (UUO) model is used here to examine this concept by investigating early changes related to renal fibrosis in the obstructed kidney, untouched contralateral kidney, and vasculature which might be affected by secreted factors from the obstructed kidney, and comparing with unilateral nephrectomized controls (UNX). Obstructed kidneys showed early Klotho gene and protein depletion, whereas plasma Klotho increased in both UUO and UNX rats, indicating an altered metabolism of Klotho. Contralateral kidneys had no compensatory upregulation of Klotho and maintained normal expression of the examined fibrosis-related genes, as did remnant UNX kidneys. UUO caused upregulation of transforming growth factor-β and induction of periostin and activin A in obstructed kidneys without changes in the contralateral kidneys. Plasma activin A doubled in UUO rats after 10 days while no changes were seen in UNX rats, suggesting secretion of activin A from the obstructed kidney with potentially systemic effects on CKD-MBD. As such, increased aortic sclerostin was observed in UUO rats compared with UNX and normal controls. The present results are in line with the new paradigm and show very early vascular effects of unilateral kidney fibrosis, supporting the existence of a new kidney-vasculature axis.
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HAUET, THIERRY, JEAN-MICHEL GOUJON, ALAIN VANDEWALLE, HERVE BAUMERT, LOUIS LACOSTE, JEAN-PAUL TILLEMENT, MICHEL EUGENE i MICHEL CARRETIER. "Trimetazidine Reduces Renal Dysfunction by Limiting the Cold Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Autotransplanted Pig Kidneys". Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 11, nr 1 (styczeń 2000): 138–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1681/asn.v111138.
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Abstract. Ischemia/reperfusion injury leads to delayed graft function, which is a major problem in kidney transplantation. This study investigated the effects of adding trimetazidine (TMZ) to the perfusate of cold-stored kidneys on the function of reperfused autotransplanted pig kidney. The left kidney was removed and cold-flushed with Euro-Collins (EC), or University of Wisconsin (UW) solutions with or without 10-6M TMZ and stored for 48 h at 4°C. The kidneys were then autotransplanted and the contralateral kidneys were removed. Several parameters were analyzed over the 14 d after transplantation. The survival rate was 57% in pigs transplanted with kidneys cold-flushed with UW and 43% for those flushed with EC solution; it was 100% for pigs having kidneys cold-flushed with TMZ-supplemented UW and EC solutions. The functions of the transplanted kidneys were also better preserved after cold flush with TMZ-supplemented solutions than with TMZ-free solutions. Creatinine clearance was higher and the urinary excretion of trimethylamine-N-oxide and dimethylamine, used as markers of renal medulla injury, were lower in animals transplanted with kidneys cold-flushed with TMZ-supplemented solutions than with TMZ-free solutions. The cytoprotective action of TMZ also reduced interstitial and peritubular inflammation and the numbers of infiltrating mononuclear CD45+ and CD3+ T cells. These results indicate that the tissue damage due to ischemia/reperfusion injury may be prevented, at least in part, by adding TMZ to preservation solutions.
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Peterson, T. V., N. L. Hurst i J. A. Richardson. "Renal nerves and renal responses to head-up tilt in dogs". American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 252, nr 5 (1.05.1987): R979—R986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1987.252.5.r979.
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Experiments were performed in anesthetized dogs to compare the effects of acute and chronic unilateral renal denervation on the renal responses to head-up tilt and to assess denervation hypersensitivity to infused norepinephrine (NE). Responses of the denervated kidney were compared with those of the contralateral innervated kidney in each animal. With acute denervation, 40 min of 45 degrees head-up tilt decreased urine flow (V) 37%, absolute sodium excretion (UNaV) 53%, and fractional sodium excretion (FENa+) 44% in the innervated kidneys, but no decreases occurred in the denervated kidneys. NE infusion (125 ng X kg-1 X min-1) increased arterial pressure by 11 mmHg and increased V, UNaV, and FENa+ in both kidneys. In the chronically denervated animals (2-4 wk prior to experiment) tilt decreased V by 32%, UNaV by 44%, and FENa+ by 21% in the innervated kidneys, but again no changes occurred in the denervated kidneys. NE infusion in this group also increased arterial pressure approximately 11 mmHg and caused V, UNaV, and FENa+ to increase in the innervated kidneys but decrease in the denervated kidneys. These results demonstrate that the renal responses to tilt are abolished by both acute and chronic renal denervation even though the chronically denervated kidney is hypersensitive to NE-stimulated fluid reabsorption. Therefore endogenous plasma NE levels must not increase enough during tilt such that this hypersensitivity phenomenon can compensate for chronic ablation of the renal nerves.