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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Kentucky Metal Products Co”

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Data publikacji: 27 lipca 2024

Data aktualizacji: 29 lipca 2024

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1

Vogler, Arnd, i Horst Kunkely. "Photochemische Spaltung einer polaren Metall—Metall-Bindung durch Metall zu Metall Charge-Transfer-Anregung von [Ph3PAu—Co(CO)4] / Photochemical Splitting of a Polar Metal —Metal Bond by Metal to Metal Charge Transfer Excitation of [Ph3PAu—Co(CO)4]". Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 44, nr 2 (1.02.1989): 132–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1989-0206.

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Abstract The polar metal-metal bond of [Ph3PAu1-Co-1(CO)4] was cleaved photochemically by metal to metal (Co-1 ￫ Au+1) charge transfer excitation. Metallic gold, Ph3P, and [Co2(CO)8] were formed as products.

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2

Capus, Joseph. "PM Personality: Dr Chaman Lall, Metal Powder Products Co. (MPP)". Metal Powder Report 76, nr 3 (maj 2021): 156–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mprp.2021.02.003.

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3

Smitley, D. R., T. W. Davis, K. A. Kearns i C. M. Papp. "Chinch Bug Control, Ingham Co., Michigan, 1991". Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 17, nr 1 (1.01.1992): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/17.1.317a.

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Abstract A grid of 3 ft × 3ft plots separated by 2 ft wide buffer strips was set up in a home lawn with an infestation of chinch bugs in Okemos. Chinch bugs were counted in each plot on 10 Jul before insecticides were applied. Counts were made by observing each plot for a timed one min period. The treatments were blocked out based on these counts. Afterwards, six replications of each treatment were applied on 10 Jul between 10:00 am and 3:30 pm. The temperature when treatments were made was 85o-90°F with a 0 -5 mph wind. Granular products were evenly applied over the plot with hand-held shakers. Liquid products were applied with a single nozzle, hand-held C02 sprayer from R&D Sprayers. The application was made at 50 psi through an 8003 flat fan nozzle. Liquid insecticides were mixed with water and applied at a rate of 136.8 ml/9 ft2 (4 gal/ 1000 ft2). Chinch bugs were counted again in all plots on 17 Jul except for NTN 33893 plots which were counted on 2 Aug. Each plot was observed for 3 min to determine the number of chinch bugs present. The lawn was mostly Kentucky bluegrass with a Vi inch thatch layer and a sandy loam soil. The area was irrigated every other day before the test but no irrigation was applied after 10 Jul.

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4

Burg, J. G., i F. W. Knapp. "Evaluation of Permethrin Wipes for Fly Control on Horses, 1986". Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 12, nr 1 (1.01.1987): 372. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/12.1.372.

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Abstract Five horse wipe products, Flysect™ Super-7, Flysect™ Super-7 concentrate, Tech-trol™ wipe-on, Tech-trol™ concentrate and Poridon™, were tested for fly control on pastured and stabled horses. Flysect™ Super-7, Tech-trol™ wipe-on and Poridon™ were used directly from the container. Flysect™ Super-7 concentrate was diluted 1:4 with water and Tech-trol™ concentrate was diluted 1:24 with water. The stable study was conducted in a 20 stall barn on the University of Kentucky Agriculture Research Farm containing 18 yearlings. Rice hull bedding was used and stalls were cleaned daily. Yearlings remained in their stalls except during cleaning. All treatment horses were brushed prior to wipe application. Each product was applied to 3 randomly selected yearlings at a rate of 120 ml/animal on 28 Jul '86. Three untreated yearlings served as controls. Fly counts were made immediately prior to treatment and at 1, 6, 24, 48 and 72 h post-treatment. The pasture study was conducted on 2 privately owned thoroughbred farms in Fayette and Scott Co. in central Kentucky. All horses remained in the pasture for the duration of the study. Five mares and 1 stallion on the Scott Co. farm were treated with the wipe-on products on 11, 18 and 25 Aug '86 (2 animals/wipe/date, 6 replications/ treatment). Six mares on the Fayette Co. farm were treated with concentrates on 18 and 25 Aug '86 (3 animals/concentrate/date, 6 replications/concentrate). No animal received the same treatment twice. Foals were present in some of the pastures with treated mares. Four mares on the Fayette Co. farm served as controls for the duration of the study. All treatment animals were brushed and wiped as previously described. Fly counts were made immediately prior to treatment and at 1, 6, 24, 48 and 72 h post-treatment.

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5

Campbell, Gary A. "The role of co-products in stabilizing the metal mining industry". Resources Policy 11, nr 4 (grudzień 1985): 267–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-4207(85)90044-3.

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6

Graf, Marion, Kurt Merzweiler, Clemens Bruhn i Hans-Christian Böttcher. "Reaktion von [Co(But2PH)2I2] mit [Ru3(CO)12]: Synthese und Röntgenkristallstrukturanalyse von [Ru3(CO)6(μ-H)(μ-I)2(μ-PBut2)(But2PH)]/ Reaction of [Co(But2PH)2I2] with [Ru3(CO)12]: Synthesis and X-Ray Crystal Structure of [Ru3(CO)6(μ-H)(μ-I)2(μ-PBut2)(But2PH)]". Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 53, nr 8 (1.08.1998): 865–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1998-0815.

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Abstract [Co(But2PH)2I2] (1) reacts with [Ru3(CO)12] in refluxing toluene to give a mixture of products including the novel metal clusters [Ru3(CO)6(μ-H)(μ-I)2(μ-PBut2)(But2PH)] (2) and [Ru3(CO)7(μ-H)(μ-I)(μ-PBut2)2] (3) besides the known complex [Ru3(CO)8(μ-H)2(μ3- PBut)(But2PH)] (4). No cluster expansion products could be observed. Thus the cobalt compound acts merely as a phosphine and iodine transfer reagent. The molecular structures of the metal complexes 1 and 2 were determined by single-crystal X-ray structure analyses. 1 crystallizes in the tetragonal space group P4̄21c with a = 13.230(3), b = 13.230(3), c = 14.788(3)Å, V = 2588.4(9)A . 2 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c with a = 18.161(2), b = 10.292(2), c = 18.381(2)Å, β = 108.73(10)°, V= 3253.7(8)Å3.

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7

He, Tianwei, Cheng Tang, Alain R. Puente Santiago, Rafael Luque, Hui Pan i Aijun Du. "Tuning CO binding strength via engineering the copper/borophene interface for highly efficient conversion of CO into ethanol". Journal of Materials Chemistry A 9, nr 22 (2021): 13192–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ta02355a.

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8

Planalp, Roy P., i Heinrich Vahrenkamp. "Öffnung von Dreikernclustern durch Diphosphinomethan-Liganden / Opening of Trinuclear Clusters by Diphosphinomethane Ligands". Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 44, nr 2 (1.02.1989): 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1989-0208.

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Abstract The phosphinidene bridged clusters FeCo2(CO)9(PMe) and FeCoWCp(CO)8(PM e) add the diphosphinomethane ligands dmpm and dppm with concomitant opening of two metal-metal bonds. The crystal structure determination of the addition product (Me2P-CH2-PMe2)FeCoWCp(CO)8(PMe) has shown that the Fe -W and Fe -Co bonds have been opened and the chelating diphosphine spans the Co -W bond. This is in contrast to the reaction with monodentate phosphines where the Co -W and Co -Fe bonds are broken. Upon heating the addition products eliminate two moles of CO with formation of the diphos phinom ethane substituted starting clusters, which in turn add CO under pressure to re-form the addition products.

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9

Dowson, George R. M., Joshua Cooper i Peter Styring. "Reactive capture using metal looping: the effect of oxygen". Faraday Discussions 230 (2021): 292–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1fd00001b.

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By looping magnesium via electrolysis, capture and conversion of CO₂ to higher-value products can happen simultaneously. The effect of other gases on this process, particularly oxygen, in waste CO₂ streams is investigated and shown not to cause adverse effects.

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10

Sarma, Saurav Chandra, Jesus Barrio, Magda Titirici i Ifan Erfyl Lester Stephens. "Tuning CO₂ to CO Conversion on Metal-Doped Carbon Catalysts". ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, nr 36 (7.07.2022): 1613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01361613mtgabs.

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One of the significant challenges faced during electrochemical CO2 reduction (ECO2RR) is the low selectivity of the products obtained. The best example is polycrystalline Cu, which can electrochemically produce hydrocarbons and alcohols but with poor selectivity.1, 2 To date, high selectivity has been achieved only towards CO and formate on Au and Sn surface, respectively but scalability and commercialization are limited owing to their cost and stability. Metal-nitrogen-carbon (MNC) materials are comparable to Au or Ag catalysts, albeit with their lower overpotentials, higher mass activity and high selectivity toward CO.3 , 4 During the pyrolysis of N-containing carbon molecules, different chemical functionalities such as pyridinic, pyrrolic and graphitic N atoms can be formed, each behaving as a product-specific active site. 5 It is still debatable whether pyrdinic or pyrrolic N is responsible for CO2RR activity; thus, it remains unclear how to favor CO2 reduction over hydrogen evolution. In this work, we aimed to synthesize C2N-like covalent organic frameworks, with 8-10 Å pore size, tailored to host dual atoms coordinated to nitrogen. Such sites are expected to favor C-C coupling and produce multi-carbon products during ECO2RR. A step-by-step synthetic approach was employed to optimize the CO2RR:HER ratio through: Tuning carbon:nitrogen ratio using two different synthetic approaches. Reducing nitrogen in the carbon matrix through pyrolyzing at different temperatures (700, 800 and 900 oC), Doping phosphorus and nitrogen into the carbon matrix Tuning CO2RR product distribution through different metals (Fe and Ni) doping. EXAFS and STEM studies revealed the presence of a mixture of single and dual atomic sites. XPS and ICP results showed that Fe and Ni loadings <2 wt% could be obtained in the C2N materials. Higher hydrogen evolution, owing to the higher N-content, was observed at a lower pyrolysis temperature which decreased at a pyrolysis temperature of 900 oC. Both Fe-NC and Ni-NC selectively produced CO, thus suppressing FE H2 to <5%. Fe-NC also exhibited lower overpotential for CO production compared to its Ni-NC counterpart. A small percentage of ethanol and 2-propanol (FE<5%) was observed indicating the favoured C-C coupling on the dual-atomic sites. Further optimization of the metal-N coordination environment may allow for an improved selectivity for >C2 products. References K. P. Kuhl, E. R. Cave, D. N. Abram and T. F. Jaramillo, Energy Environ. Sci., 5, 7050 (2012). S. Nitopi, E. Bertheussen, S. B. Scott, X. Liu, A. K. Engstfeld, S. Horch, B. Seger, I. E. L. Stephens, K. Chan, C. Hahn, J. K. Nørskov, T. F. Jaramillo and I. Chorkendorff, Chem. Rev., 119, 7610 (2019). A. S. Varela, N. Ranjbar Sahraie, J. Steinberg, W. Ju, H.-S. Oh and P. Strasser, Angew. Chem. Int. Edit., 54, 10758 (2015). A. S. Varela, W. Ju, A. Bagger, P. Franco, J. Rossmeisl and P. Strasser, ACS Catal., 9, 7270 (2019). Y. Lum and J. W. Ager, Nat. Catal., 2, 86 (2019).

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11

Koroteev, Pavel S., Andrey B. Ilyukhin, Andrey V. Gavrikov, Konstantin A. Babeshkin i Nikolay N. Efimov. "Mononuclear Transition Metal Cymantrenecarboxylates as Precursors for Spinel-Type Manganites". Molecules 27, nr 3 (6.02.2022): 1082. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27031082.

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Novel mononuclear cymantrenecarboxylate complexes of transition metals, [Co(H2O)6](CymCO2)2·4H2O (Cym = (η5-C5H4)Mn(CO)3) (1), [Ni(H2O)6](CymCO2)2·4H2O (2), [Zn(H2O)6](CymCO2)2·4H2O (3), [Co(CymCO2)2(imz)2] (imz = imidazole, 4), [Co(CymCO2)2(bpy)2]·2PhMe (bpy = 2,2′-bipyridyl, 5), [Ni(CymCO2)(bpy)2(H2O)][CymCO2]·0.5MePh·2H2O (6), [Cu(CymCO2)2(imz)2] (7), and [Cu(CymCO2)2(bpy)(H2O)] (8), were obtained and characterized by single-crystal X-ray analysis. Complexes 1–3 are isostructural. Magnetism of the Co complexes 1, 4, and 5 was studied; it was shown that they exhibit the properties of field-induced single-molecule magnets with magnetization reversal barriers (ΔE/kB) of 44, 13, and 10 K, respectively. Thermal decomposition of complexes 1–8 was studied by means of DSC and TGA methods. The final products of thermolysis of 1–6 in air, according to powder XRD data, are the pure spinel phases MMn2O4; for the cases of copper complexes, the mixtures of CuMn2O4 and CuO were found in the products.

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12

Kulbitski, Kseniya, Gennady Nisnevich i Mark Gandelman. "Metal-Free Efficient, General and Facile Iododecarboxylation Method with Biodegradable Co-Products". Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis 353, nr 9 (czerwiec 2011): 1438–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adsc.201100145.

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13

Liu, Jin-Hang, Li-Ming Yang i Eric Ganz. "Electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 by two-dimensional transition metal porphyrin sheets". Journal of Materials Chemistry A 7, nr 19 (2019): 11944–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ta01188a.

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The first transition metal series TM–PP monolayer catalysts exhibit excellent catalytic performance during the process of electroreduction of CO₂. The products have 2e⁻ CO (Sc, Mn and Ni), HCOOH (Cr, Fe, Co, Cu and Zn), 8e⁻ CH₄ (Ti and V), and the overpotential of the reaction can be as low as 0.127 V.

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14

Yang, Su-Lan, Kan Xie, Jing Wang, Bingchen An, Bin Tian, Hongqi Nie, Jie-Yao Lyu i Qi-Long Yan. "Enhancing RDX Thermal Decomposition in Al@RDX Composites with Co Transition Metal Interfacial Layer". Aerospace 11, nr 1 (16.01.2024): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace11010081.

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In this study, an Al/Co@RDX composite was meticulously prepared through a combination of planetary high-energy ball-milling and a spray-drying technique. The thermal reactivity of these Al/Co@RDX composites was comprehensively investigated and compared using the TG/DSC technique. It is shown that the initial decomposition temperature of RDX in the DSC curve was decreased by 26.3 °C in the presence of Al/Co, which could be attributed to the nano-sized Co transition metal catalyzing the decomposition reaction of nitrogen oxides in RDX decomposition products. The decomposition peak temperature of RDX and the heat released by the thermal decomposition of RDX in the Al/Co@RDX composite were decreased by 26.3 °C and increased by 74.5 J·g−1, respectively, in comparison with those of pure RDX. The types of major gaseous products released from Al/Co@RDX were found to be identical to those of pure RDX, encompassing N2O, CH2O, CO2 and HCN. However, the concentrations of those gaseous products for Al/Co@RDX were higher than those observed for pure RDX, which may owe to the fact that the Al/Co composite can interact with the –CH2 and –NO2 within RDX molecules, which leads to the weakening of the C-N and N-N bonds. In addition, the decomposition of RDX in the Al/Co@RDX composite was observed as a one-step process with an apparent activation energy (Ea) of 115.6 kJ·cm−3. The decomposition mechanism of the RDX in the Al/Co@RDX composite was identified to follow the chain scission model (L2), whereas the two-step decomposition physical models observed for pure RDX were found to closely resemble the L2 and autocatalytic models.

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15

Coleman, Nathaniel, Ishanka A. Liyanage, Matthew D. Lovander, Johna Leddy i Edward G. Gillan. "Facile Solvent-Free Synthesis of Metal Thiophosphates and Their Examination as Hydrogen Evolution Electrocatalysts". Molecules 27, nr 16 (9.08.2022): 5053. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27165053.

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The facile solvent-free synthesis of several known metal thiophosphates was accomplished by a chemical exchange reaction between anhydrous metal chlorides and elemental phosphorus with sulfur, or combinations of phosphorus with molecular P2S5 at moderate 500 °C temperatures. The crystalline products obtained from this synthetic approach include MPS3 (M = Fe, Co, Ni) and Cu3PS4. The successful reactions benefit from thermochemically favorable PCl3 elimination. This solvent-free route performed at moderate temperatures leads to mixed anion products with complex heteroatomic anions, such as P2S64−. The MPS3 phases are thermally metastable relative to the thermodynamically preferred separate MPx/ MSy and more metal-rich MPxSy phases. The micrometer-sized M-P-S products exhibit room-temperature optical and magnetic properties consistent with isolated metal ion structural arrangements and semiconducting band gaps. The MPS3 materials were examined as electrocatalysts in hydrogen evolution reactions (HER) under acidic conditions. In terms of HER activity at lower applied potentials, the MPS3 materials show the trend of Co > Ni >> Fe. Extended time constant potential HER experiments show reasonable HER stability of ionic and semiconducting MPS3 (M = Co, Ni) structures under acidic reducing conditions.

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16

Artamkina, Galina A., Petr K. Sazonov, Vasily A. Ivushkin i Irina P. Beletskaya. "Formation of cis-[Rf(CO)Re(CO)4Hal]Na complexes as an evidence of halogen-metal exchange between [Re(CO)5]Na and polyfluorinated aryl and vinyl halides". Canadian Journal of Chemistry 76, nr 6 (1.06.1998): 970–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v98-051.

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Halo(acyl)rhenate complexes cis-[Rf(CO)Re(CO)4Hal]Na (Hal = Cl, Br; Rf = C6F5, trans-(CF3)3CCF== CF) are the primary products of the reactions of [Re(CO)5]Na with the corresponding aryl or vinyl halides RfHal.Key words: pentacarbonylrhenate anion, carbonylmetallates, halogen-metal exchange, nucleophilic aromatic substitution, nucleophilic vinylic substitution.

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17

Sun, Lijie, Xia Xiang, Juwei Wu, Chao Cai, Dongyi Ao, Jinling Luo, Chengxiang Tian i Xiaotao Zu. "Bi-Metal Phosphide NiCoP: An Enhanced Catalyst for the Reduction of 4-Nitrophenol". Nanomaterials 9, nr 1 (18.01.2019): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9010112.

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Porous phosphide NixCoyP composite nanomaterials are successfully synthesized at different Ni/Co ratios (=0, 0.5, 1, and 2) to reduce 4-nitrophenol. The X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results demonstrate that the products are CoP, NiCoP/CoP, NiCoP, and NiCoP/Ni2P when the Ni/Co ratio is 0, 0.5, 1, and 2, respectively. The products exhibit different catalytic performance for reduction of 4-nitrophenol at room temperature. Among them, the pure NiCoP delivers a better catalytic efficiency with k app = 677.4 × 10 − 2 min − 1 and k = 338.7 ( Lg − 1 min − 1 ) , due to the synergy between Ni and Co atoms. The sequence of catalytic efficiency of different samples is CoP < NiCoP/CoP < NiCoP/Ni2P < NiCoP.

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18

Posada Estefan, Olga Maria, Helen Grant i Rothwelle J. Tate. "Co–Cr wear products derived from metal-on-metal articulations induce apoptosis on monocyte-like U937 cells". Toxicology Letters 221 (sierpień 2013): S75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.05.066.

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19

Mácová, Eva, i Pavel Lederer. "Photochemical decomposition of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthyl hydroperoxide. Photocatalytic effects of 3d transition metal 2,4-pentanedionates". Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 51, nr 12 (1986): 2830–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19862830.

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The photochemical decomposition of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthyl hydroperoxide (THP) in benzene has been investigated. The kinetics of the formation of the main products and of the removal of THP have been measured. It has been demonstrated that the solvent participates in the overall mechanism of THP photolysis. The effects of Fe(III), Co(III), Co(II), Mn(III), Cu(II), Cr(III) and Ni(II) 2,4-pentanedionates on the kinetics of THP photolysis and the formation of the main products have been investigated. Fe(III) and Co(III) 2,4-pentanedionates act as catalysts of the photochemical decomposition of THP.

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20

Heller, P. R., i S. Kellogg. "Fall Control of Northern Masked Chafer Grubs with Registered Products on a Golf Course Rough in Snyder CO., PA, 1989". Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 15, nr 1 (1.01.1990): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/15.1.321.

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Abstract The rough consisted primarily of annual bluegrass (20%), Kentucky bluegrass (20%), perennial ryegrass (20%) and 40% weeds. Treatment plots were 9 × 6 ft, arranged in a randomized complete block design and replicated 3 times. W and SP formulations were applied by using a CO2 sprayer with four 8004VS Tee Jet nozzles mounted on a 6 ft boom, operating at 28 psi at a spray rate of 5 gal/1000 ft2. At treatment time (7 Sep) the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 78°F.; soil temperature at 1 inch depth, 72°F.; RH, 60%; amount of thatch, 0.125 inches; soil type, silt loam; soil particle size analysis: 40.0% sand, 50.4% silt, 9.6% sand; soil moisture, 13.1%; organic matter, 2.7%; water pH, 7.0; soil pH, 5.8; 4.3 inches of rainfall was recorded over the posttreatment period. Immediately after treatment the experimental area was irrigated with 0.25 inches of water. Posttreatment counts were made 25 d later (2 Oct). Three ft2 sod samples were randomly taken from each replicate, and the total number of Northern masked chafer grubs/ft2 was recorded.

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21

Kayran, Ceyhan, i Pazilaiti Rouzi. "Thermal Catalytic Hydrosilylation of Conjugated Dienes with Triethylsilane in the Presence of Tricarbonyl(o-xylene)Metal (Metal = Cr, Mo, W) Complexes". Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 56, nr 11 (1.11.2001): 1138–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2001-1107.

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The thermal catalytic hydrosilylation of 1,3-butadiene (1), trans-2-methyl-1,3-pentadiene (2), 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene (3), and isoprene (4), with triethylsilane were studied in the presence of M(CO)3 (o-xylene) (M = Cr, Mo, W) complexes in polar and nonpolar solvents such as tetrahydrofuran, hexane and toluene. Mo(CO)3 (o-xylene) was found to be the only active catalyst for the hydrosilylation of 3 with triethylsilane, which gave 1-triethylsilyl-2,3-dimethyl- 2-butene (3a). as hydrosilylated product in tetrahydrofuran. The product was identified by means of 1H and 13C-NMR and GLC. The same catalyst, Mo(CO)3 (o-xylene), decomposed to Mo(CO)6 without giving hydrosilylated products of 1, 2 and 4 in tetrahydrofuran. M(CO)3(o-xylene) (M = Cr, Mo, W) complexes were found to be stable for about 6 h in hexane and toluene, and showed no catalytic activity for the hydrosilylation of 1, 2, 3 and 4.

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Yao, Kaili, Yujian Xia, Jun Li, Ning Wang, Jingrui Han, Congcong Gao, Mei Han i in. "Metal–organic framework derived copper catalysts for CO2 to ethylene conversion". Journal of Materials Chemistry A 8, nr 22 (2020): 11117–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ta02395g.

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MOF-derived copper catalysts underwent a surface reconstruction to form a Cu@CuxO core@shell structure during CO₂RR process, which was beneficial for CO₂ to C₂H₄ conversion, resulting in a 51% FE for C₂H₄ and 70% FE for C₂₊ products.

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23

Zhang, Chuan-Lei, Yan-Le Li, Ting Wang, Ze-Min Ju, He-Gen Zheng i Jing Ma. "Three different metal–organic frameworks derived from a one-pot crystallization and their controllable synthesis". Chemical Communications 51, nr 39 (2015): 8338–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cc01072a.

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Three different Co-MOFs have been co-crystallized in a one-pot reaction. From the form of the products and the DFT calculation results, to optimize the conditions of crystallization, pure crystals of the three compounds have been obtained.

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Chowdhury, Arpita Hazra, Deep Lata Singh i Gangavarapu Ranga Rao. "METAL-BASED REUSABLE CATALYSTS FOR PHOTOREDUCTION OF CO2 TO FUELS: FUNDAMENTALS AND RECENT DEVELOPMENTS". Catalysis in Green Chemistry and Engineering 6, nr 2 (2023): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/catalgreenchemeng.v6.i2.10.

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CO<sub>2</sub> photoreduction into solar fuels is supposed to be one of the finest approaches to simultaneously dealing with global warming and energy shortage. Low photoconversion efficiency and low selectivity toward target products are the major challenges for CO<sub>2</sub> photoreduction. To counter these challenges it is necessary to develop cost-effective, stable, and highly active photocatalysts. Metal-based materials having tunable band gaps, high stability, and excellent physicochemical and electrochemical properties attract the attention of researchers and are widely studied as potential photocatalysts. In this review, recent progress in the fundamental understanding of photocatalytic CO<sub>2</sub> reduction on the surface of metal-based heterogeneous catalysts is described. This review summarizes the different methodologies that have been established to date to control product selectivity toward C1 and C2+ products through photocatalysis, emphasizing the most promising approaches. The challenges and outlooks of CO<sub>2</sub> photoreduction over metal-based heterogeneous catalysts are discussed.

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Kafarska, Karolina, Michał Gacki i Wojciech M. Wolf. "Synthesis, Spectroscopic, and Thermal Investigations of Metal Complexes with Mefenamic Acid". Journal of Chemistry 2017 (2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6172626.

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The novel metal complexes with empirical formulae M(mef)2·nH2O (where M = Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), and Cd(II); mef is the mefenamic ligand) were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductance, FTIR-spectroscopy, and thermal decomposition techniques. All IR spectra revealed absorption bands related to the asymmetric (νas) and symmetric (νs) vibrations of carboxylate group. The Nakamoto criteria clearly indicate that this group is bonded in a bidentate chelate mode. The thermal behavior of complexes was studied by TGA methods under non-isothermal condition in air. Upon heating, all compounds decompose progressively to metal oxides, which are the final products of pyrolysis. Cu(II), Zn(II), and Cd(II) complexes were also characterized by the coupled TG-FTIR technique, which finally proved the path and gaseous products of thermal decomposition. Additionally, the coupled TG-MS system was used to determine the principal volatile products of thermolysis and fragmentation processes of Mn(mef)2·3H2O and Co(mef)2·2H2O.

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26

Zhuk, Nadezhda A., Ksenia A. Badanina, Roman I. Korolev, Boris A. Makeev, Maria G. Krzhizhanovskaya i Vladislav V. Kharton. "Phase Formation of Co and Cr Co-Doped Bismuth Niobate with Pyrochlore Structure". Inorganics 11, nr 7 (3.07.2023): 288. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inorganics11070288.

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The formation mechanisms of pyrochlore-type Bi2Co1/2Cr1/2Nb2O9+Δ (space group Fd-3m, a = 10.4838(8) Å), in the temperature range from 400 to 1050 °C were studied by employing X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopy. An extensive reaction between the binary metal oxides was found to begin at temperatures above 550 °C, following the transition of monoclinic α-Bi2O3 into a tetragonal β-Bi2O3 polymorph. The synthesis process occurs in several stages when Bi-rich intermediate products (Bi6CrO12, Bi6Cr2O15, and Bi5Nb3O15) transform into bismuth-depleted BiNbO4 and a chromium–cobalt spinel is formed. The formation of a single pyrochlore phase occurs at the final reaction stage at 1050 °C via the doping of bismuth ortho-niobate, BiNbO4, by the transition metal cations. The observed mechanism is essentially similar to the mechanism of tantalate-based phases except for the formation of Bi5Nb3O15 at the intermediate reaction stages.

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Ruano, Daniel, Beatriz M. Pabón, Càtia Azenha, Cecilia Mateos-Pedrero, Adélio Mendes, Virginia Pérez-Dieste i Patricia Concepción. "Influence of the ZrO2 Crystalline Phases on the Nature of Active Sites in PdCu/ZrO2 Catalysts for the Methanol Steam Reforming Reaction—An In Situ Spectroscopic Study". Catalysts 10, nr 9 (2.09.2020): 1005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10091005.

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In this work, the electronic properties of the metal sites in cubic and monoclinic ZrO2 supported Pd and PdCu catalysts have been investigated using CO as probe molecule in in-situ IR studies, and the surface composition of the outermost layers has been studied by APXPS (Ambient Pressure X-ray Photoemission Spectroscopy). The reaction products were followed by mass spectrometry, making it possible to relate the chemical properties of the catalysts under reaction conditions with their selectivity. Combining these techniques, it has been shown that the structure of the support (monoclinic or cubic ZrO2) affects the metal dispersion, mobility, and reorganization of metal sites under methanol steam reforming (MSR) conditions, influencing the oxidation state of surface metal species, with important consequences in the catalytic activity. Correlating the mass spectra of the reaction products with these spectroscopic studies, it was possible to conclude that electropositive metal species play an imperative role for high CO2 and H2 selectivity in the MSR reaction (less CO formation).

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Usman, Muhammad, Muhammad Humayun, Mustapha D. Garba, Latif Ullah, Zonish Zeb, Aasif Helal, Munzir H. Suliman i in. "Electrochemical Reduction of CO2: A Review of Cobalt Based Catalysts for Carbon Dioxide Conversion to Fuels". Nanomaterials 11, nr 8 (9.08.2021): 2029. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11082029.

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Electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) provides a promising approach to curbing harmful emissions contributing to global warming. However, several challenges hinder the commercialization of this technology, including high overpotentials, electrode instability, and low Faradic efficiencies of desirable products. Several materials have been developed to overcome these challenges. This mini-review discusses the recent performance of various cobalt (Co) electrocatalysts, including Co-single atom, Co-multi metals, Co-complexes, Co-based metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), Co-based covalent organic frameworks (COFs), Co-nitrides, and Co-oxides. These materials are reviewed with respect to their stability of facilitating CO2 conversion to valuable products, and a summary of the current literature is highlighted, along with future perspectives for the development of efficient CO2RR.

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29

El-Zohry, Ahmed M. "An Overview of Common Infrared Techniques for Detecting CO Intermediates on Metal Surfaces for Hydrocarbon Products". Physchem 2, nr 1 (8.01.2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/physchem2010001.

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Detection of intermediates during the catalytic process by infrared techniques has been widely implemented for many important reactions. For the reduction of CO2 into hydrocarbons on metal surfaces, CO molecule is one of the most important transient species to be followed due to its involvement in several products’ pathways, and its distinct vibrational features. Herein, basic understandings behind these utilized infrared techniques are illustrated aiming for highlighting the potential of each infrared technique and its advantages over the other ones for detecting CO molecules on metal surfaces.

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30

He, Yanghua, John Christian Weiss i Piotr Zelenay. "Me-N-C Electrocatalysts for Electrochemical CO₂ Reduction to High-Value Products". ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, nr 54 (9.10.2022): 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02542016mtgabs.

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The development of sustainable carbon-neutral energy technologies to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions has become imperative and urgent. Of special interest and importance in this context is the use of electricity from intermittent renewable energy sources (wind, solar) for electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) to easily storable and transportable value-added products: fuels and feedstock chemicals. Nanoparticles of non-precious metals, e.g., Cu, Sn, Co, show high activity for electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) but suffer from poor selectivity, resulting in a mixture of products that require tedious and costly separation. Recently, transition metal- and nitrogen-doped carbon (Me-N-C) materials have been emerged as promising CO2RR catalysts thanks to their well-defined structures and good activity. However, their selectivity, while respectable for the generation of carbon monoxide (CO), is low for high energy-content products. A limited understanding of reaction pathways and degradation mechanism of Me-N-C catalysts for CO2RR has additionally stemmed a rational design of these materials. In this presentation, we summarize our study of the activity, selectivity, and stability of Me-N-C (Me = Fe, Co, Ni, or Cu, etc.) catalysts for the CO2RR, focusing on the role of the local coordination environment at metal centers and metal-carbon substrate interactions. We also report the obtained bimetallic M1M2-N-C catalysts, designed to enable the formation of multi-carbon products through CO2RR and utilizing high surface-area three-dimensional carbon matrix as support for metal sites with improved CO2RR activity. The main objective of this work is to use Me-N-C catalysts to produce high energy-density chemicals, enhance mechanistic understanding, and bring CO2RR closer to practical applications.

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31

Chen, Dachang, Zhiwen Chen, Zhuole Lu, Ju Tang, Xiaoxing Zhang i Chandra Veer Singh. "Computational screening of homo and hetero transition metal dimer catalysts for reduction of CO2 to C2 products with high activity and low limiting potential". Journal of Materials Chemistry A 8, nr 40 (2020): 21241–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ta05212d.

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Weigand, Wolfgang. "Metallkomplexe mit funktionalisierten Schwefelliganden, I / Metal Complexes of Functionalized Sulphur Containing Ligands, I". Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 46, nr 10 (1.10.1991): 1333–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1991-1010.

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Complexes of the types cis-L2PtCl2 (L = PPh3, 1/2 dppe) and cpRu(PPh3)2Cl react with 1-alkyne-1-thiolates to give the products trans-(Ph3P)2Pt(S–C≡C–Ph)2 (5), dppePt(S–C≡C–Ph)2 (6) and CpRu(PPh3)2(S–C≡C–Ph) (7), respectively. CpRu(PPh3)(CO)(S–C≡C–Ph) (8) is formed by reaction of 7 in an atmosphere of CO. The 2-propene-1-thiolato complexes dppePt(S–CH2–CH = CH2)2 (9), CpFe(CO)2(S–CH2–CH=CH2) (12) and CpFe(PPh3)(CO)(S–CH2–CH=CH2) (13) are obtained from dppePtCl2, CpFe(CO)2I, CpFe(PPh3)(CO)I and lithium or sodium 2-propene-1-thiolate. The complexes are characterized by IR and 1H,13C and 31P NMR spectroscopy.

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33

Sihombing, Junifa Layla, Saharman Gea, Basuki Wirjosentono, Harry Agusnar, Ahmad Nasir Pulungan, Herlinawati Herlinawati, Muhammad Yusuf i Yasir Arafat Hutapea. "Characteristic and Catalytic Performance of Co and Co-Mo Metal Impregnated in Sarulla Natural Zeolite Catalyst for Hydrocracking of MEFA Rubber Seed Oil into Biogasoline Fraction". Catalysts 10, nr 1 (15.01.2020): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10010121.

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This research was aimed to investigate the effect of Co and Co-Mo metal loaded on Sarulla Natural Zeolite which has been activated and calcined (SNZ-Cal) as supports for better understanding of characterization and catalytic activity on hydrocracking of MEFA rubber seed oil. The Co and Co-Mo metal was added through a wet impregnation method using Co(NO3)2·6H2O and (NH4)·6Mo7O24·4H2O precursor salts. The catalyst was oxidized at 500 °C for 2 h within oxygen gas flow, followed by a reduction process with H2 gas flow with similar condition to obtain the catalysts. Based on the result, it was found that the resulted catalysts displayed an increase in crystal grain size compared to the metal-free catalyst. Particularly, catalyst that was impregnated with Co metal has a larger surface area and pore diameter and smaller pore volume than Co-Mo metal impregnated to the catalyst. In fact, it was revealed that this catalyst possessed the highest catalytic activity and selectivity. Furthermore, the resulting gas products reached 64 wt.% and the distribution of biogasoline fraction of hydrocarbons (C6-C12) amounted to 83.19 wt.%.

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34

Fernandes, Diana M., Andreia F. Peixoto i Cristina Freire. "Nitrogen-doped metal-free carbon catalysts for (electro)chemical CO2 conversion and valorisation". Dalton Transactions 48, nr 36 (2019): 13508–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9dt01691k.

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Sazonov, Petr K., Vasiliy A. Ivushkin, Victor N. Khrustalev, Natal'ya G. Kolotyrkina i Irina P. Beletskaya. "A halogenophilic pathway in the reactions of transition metal carbonyl anions with [(η6-iodobenzene)Cr(CO)3]". Dalton Trans. 43, nr 35 (2014): 13392–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4dt01363h.

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Formal nucleophilic substitution in [(η⁶-iodobenzene)Cr(CO)₃] begins with the attack of the carbonylmetallate at iodine to form the aryl carbanion and [IM(CO)_nL], which then give all of the variety of products observed.

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36

Handayani, Cicik Oktasari, Edi Martono i Rika Harini. "Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Shallot, Bantul Regency". JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN 14, nr 2 (28.04.2022): 82–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jkl.v14i2.2022.82-89.

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Introduction: Shallots are one of the horticultural products in great demand by the public. Excessive heavy metal content in shallot will affect people's health who consume it. This study examines the health risks of the people who consume shallot products produced in Srigading Village. Methods: Determination of sampling locations was carried out by purposive sampling method on shallot cultivation land that was ready to harvest, as many as 30 points, in September 2021. Soil and shallot samples were tested for the heavy metal content of Pb, Cd, Co, and Ni. The public health risk assessment was analyzed by looking at the Transfer Factor (TF) value, daily intake, health risk index, hazard index, and cancer risk. Results and Discussion: The concentration of heavy metals in shallots is Pb 19.14 – 30.04 mg kg-1, Cd 1.03 – 2.21 mg kg-1, Co 8.58 – 15.08 ppm, and Ni 6.00 – 10.09 mg kg-1. The average value of Transfer Factor (TF) shows metal uptake by shallots with metal levels Cd (1.07) > Pb (1.03) > Ni (0.73) > Co (0.46). The average daily dose shows that the daily consumption in children is higher than the daily dose for adults. Conclusion: Children are more at risk of being exposed to heavy metals compared to adults in consuming shallots based on the hazard index value. The continuous use of chemical fertilizers and chemical pesticides in shallot farming must be controlled to prevent the increase of accumulation of heavy metals in land and agricultural products.

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Park, Seon-Oh, Young-Yeul Kang, Dong-Gun Hwang, Yong-Jun Kim, Hye-Young Ryu, Su-Yeon Hong, Tae-Wan Jeon i Sun-Kyoung Shin. "Correlation Analysis of Co-processing Waste Materials and Heavy Metal Contents in Cement Products". Journal of Korea Society of Waste Management 34, nr 5 (31.07.2017): 449–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.9786/kswm.2017.34.5.449.

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Shah, Habib-Ur Rehman, Khalil Ahmad, Muhammad Sohail Bashir, Syed Shoaib Ahmad Shah, Tayyaba Najam i Muhammad Ashfaq. "Metal organic frameworks for efficient catalytic conversion of CO2 and CO into applied products". Molecular Catalysis 517 (styczeń 2022): 112055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mcat.2021.112055.

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Golubeva, M. A., E. M. Zakharyan i A. L. Maximov. "Transition Metal Phosphides (Ni, Co, Mo, W) for Hydrodeoxygenation of Biorefinery Products (a Review)". Petroleum Chemistry 60, nr 10 (październik 2020): 1109–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0965544120100047.

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Kulbitski, Kseniya, Gennady Nisnevich i Mark Gandelman. "ChemInform Abstract: Metal-Free Efficient, General and Facile Iododecarboxylation Method with Biodegradable Co-Products." ChemInform 42, nr 43 (29.09.2011): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.201143043.

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Mariyam, Sabah, Shifa Zuhara, Prakash Parthasarathy i Gordon McKay. "A Review on Catalytic Fast Co-Pyrolysis Using Analytical Py-GC/MS". Molecules 28, nr 5 (2.03.2023): 2313. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28052313.

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Py-GC/MS combines pyrolysis with analytical tools of gas chromatography (GC) and mass spectrometry (MS) and is a quick and highly effective method to analyse the volatiles generated from small amounts of feeds. The review focuses on using zeolites and other catalysts in the fast co-pyrolysis of various feedstocks, including biomass wastes (plants and animals) and municipal waste materials, to improve the yield of specific volatile products. The utilisation of zeolite catalysts, including HZSM-5 and nMFI, results in a synergistic reduction of oxygen and an increase in the hydrocarbon content of pyrolysis products. The literature works also indicate HZSM-5 produced the most bio-oil and had the least coke deposition among the zeolites tested. Other catalysts, such as metals and metal oxides, and feedstocks that act as catalysts (self-catalysis), such as red mud and oil shale, are also discussed in the review. Combining catalysts, such as metal oxides and HZSM-5, further improves the yields of aromatics during co-pyrolysis. The review highlights the need for further research on the kinetics of the processes, optimisation of feed-to-catalyst ratios, and stability of catalysts and products.

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42

Wang, Tiantian, Chunji Wu i Dongmei Cui. "Highly syndioselective coordination (co)polymerization of vinyl heteroaromatic monomers using rare-earth-metal complexes". Polymer Chemistry 11, nr 48 (2020): 7650–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0py01447h.

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This paper demonstrates the coordination polymerization of vinylbenzothiophene and its copolymerization with styrene with high activity and perfect syndioselectivity to give high molecular weight products by using rare-earth-metal precursors.

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Singh, Surya, Bedika Phukan, Chandan Mukherjee i Anil Verma. "Salen ligand complexes as electrocatalysts for direct electrochemical reduction of gaseous carbon dioxide to value added products". RSC Advances 5, nr 5 (2015): 3581–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra09818h.

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CO₂, being a linear and centrosymmetric molecule, is very stable, and the electrochemical reduction of CO₂ requires energy. However, the salen complexes are found to be very efficient to minimize overpotential as compared to their metal counterparts.

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Forcen-Vazquez, Elena, Javier Campo, Larry Falvello, Fernando Palacio i Milagros Tomás. "The Transition-Metal Citrate Cubane as a Synthon for a Large Family of SMM's". Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (5.08.2014): C1236. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314087634.

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The transition-metal citrate cubane is a symmetrical, anionic molecular fragment that possesses twelve partially negatively charged oxygen atoms around its periphery. The cobalt variants have proved to be single molecule magnets (SMM), as demonstrated in studies by Murrie and by others.[1] All of the negatively charged points on the surface of the fragment are potential linkage positions for metal atoms, and extended products of from zero- to three dimensions have been synthesized and characterized.[2] In this presentation we describe products with five different combinations of linkage points for cobalt or manganese. A one-dimensional Co-containing cubane polymer has been found to undergo reversible cross-linking in the crystal to produce a two-dimensional polymer. A second Co-containg product, a discrete molecular solid with SMM behavior, undergoes reversible reaction in the crystal to produce an unsymmetrical product, also with SMM behavior -- a switchable SMM pair. A third product, a symmetrical two-dimensional Co-containing polymer, is an SMM with two blocking processes. A one-dimensional polymer of manganese citrate cubanes has been demonstrated to conduct protons via the Grotthuss mechanism.[3] All of these products have different patterns of peripheral metal-atom linkage to the twelve surface-resident oxygen atoms of the cubane fragment. A systematic naming scheme for the citrate cubane topology is used to provide simple descriptions of the diverse linkage geometries found to date.

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45

Truong Quoc, Hung, Nhat Phan Long, Tu Le Thi i Tuy Dao Quoc. "Synthesis Co-B/Al-MCM-41 with the change of Al/Si ratios for ethylene hydropolymerization". Vietnam Journal of Catalysis and Adsorption 11, nr 2 (29.07.2022): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.51316/jca.2022.031.

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In the research, catalyst activity of Al-MCM-41 with different ratios of Al/Si are compared by observing catalyst samples that successfully synthesized. The ratio 30 of Al/Si was selected for impregnation process with Co to obtain the formation of 5.0% Co/Al-MCM-41, 7.5% Co/Al-MCM-41, 10% Co/Al-MCM-41, 15% Co/Al-MCM-41 and15% Co/Al-MCM-41. Through experiments, 10% Co/Al-MCM-41 sample was advisable to added with B. for evaluation of metal dispersion on carrier surface. Liquid fuel products were obtained by using . 10% Co-0.6% B/Al-MCM-41 catalyst. Hydropolymerization of ethylene under low temperature (190°C) and normal pressure (1atm) was clearly accelerated by 10% Co-0.6% B/Al-MCM-41. This would be a positive sign for fuel industry to convert ethylene, CO and H2 into valuable products.

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Martić, Nemanja, Christian Reller, Chandra Macauley, Mario Löffler, Andreas M. Reichert, Thomas Reichbauer, Kim-Marie Vetter i in. "Ag2Cu2O3 – a catalyst template material for selective electroreduction of CO to C2+ products". Energy & Environmental Science 13, nr 9 (2020): 2993–3006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ee01100b.

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Employing Ag₂Cu₂O₃, a mixed metal oxide, as a template catalyst material for electrochemical reduction of CO enables generation of multi-carbon products with a faradaic efficiency of close to 92%, at a current density of 600 mA cm⁻².

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Kumar, Rajeev, Sanjay Kumar i Madhu Bala. "Studies on Inclusion Complexes of β-Cyclodextrin with Some Metal Complexes of Isatinylsemicarbazone and Isatinylthiosemicarbazone". Asian Journal of Chemistry 32, nr 12 (2020): 3197–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2020.22993.

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The complexes of Co(II), Ni(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) with isatinylsemicarbazone (IstscabH) and isatinylthiosemicarbazone (IsttscabH) of composition ML2·2H2O [M = Co(II) or Ni(II) and LH = IstscabH or IsttscabH] and ML2 [M = Zn(II) or Cd(II) and LH = IstscabH or IsttscabH] have been synthesized and their antibacterial activity has been investigated. Their inclusion complexes with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) having composition [ML2(β-CD)·2H2O] or M(C60H88N8O39S2)], [M = Co(II) or Ni(II) and LH = IstscabH or IsttscabH] and [ML2(β-CD) or M(C60H84N6O-37S2)], [M = Zn(II) or Cd(II) and LH = IstscabH or IsttscabH] have also been isolated in solid states. All the synthesized metal complexes have been characterized by analytical data, molar conductance, magnetic susceptibility, electronic and infrared spectral studies. The tetrahedral geometry for Zn(II) and Cd(II) and octahederal geometry for Co(II) and Ni(II) have been assigned on the basis of magnetic susceptibility, UV electronic transitions and IR spectral bands assignments. The structures are retained in inclusion products. A biological activity of Schiff bases, their metal complexes and inclusion products for bacteria Escherichia. coli, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus have been screened and activity explained.

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Jonitz-Heincke, Sellin, Seyfarth, Peters, Mueller-Hilke, Fiedler, Bader i Klinder. "Analysis of Cellular Activity Short-Term Exposure to Cobalt and Chromium Ions in Mature Human Osteoblasts". Materials 12, nr 17 (28.08.2019): 2771. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12172771.

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In aseptic loosening of endoprosthetic implants, metal particles, as well as their corrosion products, have been shown to elicit a biological response. Due to different metal alloy components, the response may vary depending on the nature of the released corrosion product. Our study aimed to compare the biological effects of different ions released from metal alloys. In order to mimic the corrosion products, different metal salts (CoCl2, NiCl2 and CrCl3 × 6H2O) were dissolved and allowed to equilibrate. Human osteoblasts were incubated with concentrations of 10 µM to 500 µM metal salt solutions under cell culture conditions, whereas untreated cells served as negative controls. Cells exposed to CoCr28Mo6 particles served as positive controls. The cell activity and expression of osteogenic differentiation and pro-osteolytic mediators were determined. Osteoblastic activity revealed concentration- and material-dependent influences. Collagen 1 synthesis was reduced after treatment with Co(2+) and Ni(2+). Additionally, exposure to these ions (500 µM) resulted in significantly reduced OPG protein synthesis, whereas RANKL as well as IL-6 and IL-8 secretion were increased. TLR4 mRNA was significantly induced by Co(2+) and CoCr28Mo6 particles. The results demonstrate the pro-osteolytic capacity of metal ions in osteoblasts. Compared to CoCr28Mo6 particles, the results indicated that metal ions intervene much earlier in inflammatory processes.

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Nath, Paras, M. K. Bharty, B. Maiti, A. Bharti, R. J. Butcher, J. L. Wikaira i N. K. Singh. "Ag(i), Cu(ii), Co(iii) and Hg(ii) complexes and metal-assisted products derived from 4-methyl-piperidine-carbodithioate: syntheses, structures, thermal analyses, redox behaviour and fluorescence properties". RSC Advances 6, nr 96 (2016): 93867–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra15186h.

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Ag(i), Cu(ii), Co(iii) and Hg(ii) complexes and metal-assisted products derived from 4-methyl piperidine have been synthesized. The Cu(ii) complex is redox reversible and compounds3and5are fluorescent.

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Abriel, Walter, Gerhard Baum, Heike Burdorf i Jürgen Heck. "Oxidative Addition von Tetramethyldiphosphan und -arsan an Cp′–SiMe2–Cp′-überbrückte Molybdän- und Wolframcarbonyl-Komplexe / Oxidative Addition of Tetramethyldiphosphane and -arsane to Binuclear Cp′–SiMe2–Cp′-Bridged Molybdenum and Tungsten Carbonyl Complexes". Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 46, nr 7 (1.07.1991): 841–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1991-0702.

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Thermal reaction of Me2Si[Cp′M(CO)3]2 (M = Mo, W; Cp′ = C5H4) with tetramethyldiphosphane and -diarsane gives oxidative coupling products with bridging EMe2-groups (E = P, As). With E = P discrete binuclear compounds are obtained, which on further thermolysis afford new species of the general formula {Me2Si(Cp′M)2(CO)3(μ-PMe2)2} (5). X-Ray structure determination of 5 a (M = Mo) and NMR data show a PMP-heteroallylic system which is bound to the second metal. In the case of M = W a second compound with a mixed hydrido and dimethylphosphido bridge can be isolated, which shows fluxionality in solution. However, the oxidative additions with tetramethyldiarsane lead to insoluble products which are assumed to be polymeric with Cp′–SiMe2–Cp′ as well as AsMe2 bridges linking the metal centers.

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