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Astuti, AM Endah Sri, Untung Sri Hardjanto i Yasrina Ziliwu. "Rehabilitation of Juvenile Througout Diversion Institution As an Effort of Recidive Offenses on Juvenile Offenders". SHS Web of Conferences 54 (2018): 08002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20185408002.
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The core of diversion in the settlement of the offense which is done by juveniles is to realize restoration of all damages caused of juvenile’s deviant behavior such as physical, psichic, and social damages and to prevent deviant behaviour in future. It was ironically, Indonesian Juvenile criminal Law prohibit to provide diversion to the juvenile who committes recidive offense. There is disadvantage to achieve the goal of deviant behaviour prevention. The purpose of this research is to know how does influence of rehabilitation on diversion process related with prevention of recidive offense, and what kinds of factors caused recidive offense on juvenile behaviour. There is empirical juridical method used in this research. This research found some results that the rehabiltation to the juveniles give some positive influences to the most of juveniles, but have no positive influences to certain juveniles, and made them committed recidive offenses. The dominant factors which give influences to the juveniles behavior are found in families and peers environment, and even in certain society where its social order has distorted by any certain group in society.
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Calvert, James D., i Terri Bauer. "Juveniles with Sexual Behavior Problems: A Treatment Program Evaluation". Open Psychology 1, nr 1 (15.06.2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/psych-2018-0001.
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AbstractJuveniles commit a significant portion of the sexual abuse perpetrated on other children. Treatment for juveniles with sexual behavior problems has moved from modified adult treatments to more developmentally appropriate approaches. Although cognitive-behavioral therapy is the most commonly used approach, research indicates that inclusion of significant others in the juvenile’s life is important when working with these youth. The inclusion of the juvenile’s family is seen as especially vital in treatment success. The current article reviews treatment outcomes, as measured by recidivism (re-offense) rates, for juvenile males completing a county juvenile sex offender treatment program. The program emphasizes family involvement and collaboration with juvenile probation officers, correctional officer, attorneys, and judges in the ongoing treatment as well as support of the juvenile and his/her family. Results indicate a sexual recidivism rate of 7.2% which is consistent with meta-analyses of research on sexual recidivism in treatment programs. The recidivism rate for non-sexual crimes was 33.7%, which is lower than typically reported in meta-analyses of treatment outcomes. The treatment program was equally effective for all juveniles, regardless of race.
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Park, Ho Hyun. "A Study on Standard Presentation about Age of Juveniles: Focus on criminal policy measures". Forum of Public Safety and Culture 21 (30.03.2023): 101–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.52902/kjsc.2023.21.101.
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Juveniles are not physically and mentally mature compared to adults. Therefore, the Juvenile Act was enacted to protect, educate and re-socialize these juveniles. In other words, the juvenile law is based on the parent patriot. Therefore, juveniles are being dealt with juvenile crimes or juvenile delinquency through juvenile protective disposition rather than criminal punishment. However, recent juvenile crimes are indistinguishable from adult crimes. In other words, it has as much cruelty and ferocity as adult crime. Whenever these juvenile violent crimes occur, there has been an argument for a reduction in juvenile age. But juveniles are faster at reflection than adults. And it is possible to re-socialize through education. Therefore, age reduction is not the only alternative. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the relationship between the reduction of juvenile age and juvenile crime. Therefore, this paper will investigate the juvenile age of each country. Then, we will examine whether there is a common part about the juvenile age of each country. If there is no common juvenile age in each country, criminal policy measures will be devised. To this end, it is necessary to ensure the effectiveness of juvenile protective disposition. In addition, an individual educational environment for juveniles living in juvenile Detention Center should be created. Admissions to juvenile detention centers are not simply to give penal effect to juveniles. If you return to society through juvenile detention center, you have to find a job that suits you. In other words, juvenile detention centers should provide education suitable for the talents and aptitudes of juveniles. In addition, the problem of overcrowding in juvenile detention centers must also be solved. The living room should be a place where confidentiality can be guaranteed for juveniles in sensitive times. Therefore, overcrowding of juvenile detention centers should be prevented in advance.
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Grbić, Bogdanka. "Juvenile imprisonment". Pravo - teorija i praksa 40, nr 4 (2023): 155–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/ptp2304155g.
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Juvenile delinquency is a negative social phenomenon and a socio-legal problem that has always existed in all societies of the world. In our country, the social response to juvenile crime has evolved over time. Initially, juveniles were treated as adults, and the primary purpose of punishment was repression. However, with the adoption of the Law on Juvenile Offenders and Criminal Protection of Juveniles in 2005, significant changes occurred. The new system of punishment primarily focuses on the protection, correction, and rehabilitation of juveniles. For this purpose, corrective orders are issued first. However, when the dimensions of juvenile crime surpass the possibilities offered by the application of corrective orders, criminal sanctions are imposed. Juvenile imprisonment is the only punishment recognized by our juvenile criminal legislation. It is applied as an "ultima ratio" for older juveniles, only when the legal requirements are met. The subject of the paper is precisely the analysis of the content of the sentence of juvenile imprisonment, the legal conditions for imposing it and the manner of its execution. The aim is to review the fundamental positive legal decisions in the Republic of Serbia related to the sentence of juvenile imprisonment and the criminal legal status of juveniles.
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Stowers, Jeffrey W. "Misunderstood". New Criminal Law Review 19, nr 1 (1.02.2016): 1–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/nclr.2016.19.1.1.
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Presently, copious amounts of research have been done regarding a juvenile’s competency to stand trial. However, whether or not a juvenile is competent to give a guilty plea has yet to be determined. Through empirical research, this article examines whether juveniles are mentally capable to give a competent guilty plea in criminal proceedings. Drawing on multidisciplinary sources, including the work of legal scholars, psychologists, legal professionals, court cases, and the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure, this article explains how a juvenile’s age, brain and psychological development, intelligence, and social influences are important when determining the juvenile’s competency. It also discusses how these factors interrelate with the type of crime that was committed and with the modified Miranda waiver standard explained in this article. This article shows how all these factors come together to create the profile of a typical juvenile and how each of these factors should be weighed when the judge determines a juvenile’s competency to give a guilty plea. It also explains how each of these factors helps to determine if the suspect exhibited the type of behavior expected of a typical juvenile. After considering whether or not the suspect was behaving like an adult or a juvenile under each factor and weighing each factor appropriately under the circumstances, the judge can determine the likelihood of competency. If the juvenile showed the behavior typical of an adult, the juvenile is likely to be found competent.
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Rodríguez-Climent, Sílvia, Maria Manuel Angélico, Vítor Marques, Paulo Oliveira, Laura Wise i Alexandra Silva. "Essential habitat for sardine juveniles in Iberian waters". Scientia Marina 81, nr 3 (21.09.2017): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/scimar.04554.07a.
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In a period when the Iberian sardine stock abundance is at its historical minimum, knowledge of the sardine juvenile’s distribution is crucial for the development of fishery management strategies. Generalized additive models were used to relate juvenile sardine presence with geographical variables and spawning grounds (egg abundance) and to model juvenile abundance with the concurrent environmental conditions. Three core areas of juvenile distribution were identified: the Northern Portuguese shelf (centred off Aveiro), the coastal region in the vicinity of the Tagus estuary, and the eastern Gulf of Cadiz. Spatial differences in the relationship between juvenile presence and egg abundances suggest that essential juvenile habitat might partially differ from the prevailing spawning grounds. Models also depicted significant relationships between juvenile abundance, temperature and geographical variables in combination with salinity in the west and with zooplankton in the south. Results indicate that the sardine juvenile distribution along the Iberian Peninsula waters are an outcome of a combination of dynamic processes occurring early in life, such as egg and larva retention, reduced mortality and favourable feeding grounds for both larvae and juveniles.
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Istigfarin, Amalia Nur, Boedi Hendrarto i Anhar Solichin. "HASIL TANGKAPAN JUVENIL UDANG DI PERAIRAN SUNGAI DAN MUARA WULAN, DEMAK DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN ALAT PERANGKAP". Management of Aquatic Resources Journal (MAQUARES) 5, nr 4 (20.12.2016): 320–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/marj.v5i4.14437.
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ABSTRAK Perairan Sungai dan Muara Wulan, Demak merupakan wilayah perairan yang memiliki keanekaragaman spesies, contohnya udang. Wilayah perairan Sungai Wulan dimanfaatkan para nelayan untuk menangkap ikan, udang, kerang dan biota lainnya. Alat perangkap digunakan untuk mengetahui kondisi populasi juvenil udang yang terdapat di dasar perairan Sungai dan Muara Wulan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu mengetahui jenis juvenil yang tertangkap, mengetahui adanya pengaruh lokasi penelitian, dan mengetahui pola pertumbuhan juvenil. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif. Penelitian dilakukan pada tanggal 7 Mei – 4 Juni 2016.Pengambilansampeljuveniludangdilakukanpadaduastasiun yaitusungaidanmuara yang terdiridaritigatitikdalamperiode I sampaiperiode IV. Hasil tangkapan pada perangkap di simpan dalam botol sampel dan direndam dalam formalin 5%.Hasil yang diperolehdidapatkanjenisjuveniludangdari genus MetapenaeusdanPenaeus. Jumlahseluruhjuveniludang yang didapatkan di perairansungailebihsedikitdibandingkanperairanmuara. Jumlahjuveniludang genus Metapenaeus yang terperangkappadaalatlebih banyak dari genus Penaeus. Jumlah seluruh juvenil udang yang didapatkan sebanyak 103 individu. Polapertumbuhan kedua jenisjuveniludangadalahbersifat allometriknegatif. Kata Kunci : Juvenil Udang, Muara Sungai Wulan Demak, Pola Pertumbuhan. ABSTRACT Wulan River and Estuarine in Demak have a diversity of species, such as shrimp. Wulan river exploited by fishermen to catch fish, shrimp, shellfish and others. To find out the condition of the juvenile shrimp’s population in the Wulan river and estuary, has been studied by using a trap. The study aims to find out the type of juvenile shrimps that were trapped, the growth pattern, and the effect of the location.Juvenile shrimps sampling was performed in two stations, one on the river and one other on the estuary which consist of three points in period I until period IV. Catches resulted in the trap was stored in sample bottles and was soaked in 5% formalin. It was obtained that the juvenile shrimps type collected was from MetapenaeusdanPenaeus genus. Total numbers of juvenile shrimps obtained in the river was less than in the estuary.The numbers of Metapenaeus genus trapped was more than Penaeus genus. The overall numbers of juvenile shrimps caught was 103 juveniles. The growth pattern ofjuvenile shrimps was negatively allometric..Keywords: Shrimps juvenile, Wulan River and Estuarine Demak, Growth Pattern.
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Brown, Waln K., Timothy P. Miller, Richard L. Jenkins i Warren A. Rhodes. "The Human Costs of “Giving the Kid Another Chance”". International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 35, nr 4 (grudzień 1991): 296–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x9103500403.
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This study is based on a 10- to 25-year follow-up of 500 randomly selected cases of juveniles adjudicated delinquent in the juvenile court of Dauphin County, Pennsylvania. Of 243 juveniles adjudicated delinquent in juvenile court on their first referral to juvenile justice, 20% went on to adult prison after the age of 18. Of 233 juveniles not taken to juvenile court on their first referral to juvenile justice, 43% were imprisoned in adult life after the age of 18. Early referral to the juvenile court of juveniles who commit delinquent acts appears to greatly reduce the likelihood that these individuals will go on to prison in adult life.
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Matarese, Maureen T., i Carolus van Nijnatten. "‘Showing one’s card’: Negotiating disclosure through game play in juvenile probation". Text & Talk 39, nr 2 (26.03.2019): 213–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/text-2019-2025.
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AbstractCommunication between probation officers and juvenile offenders is essential, clarifying the nature and cause of possible disorders and providing insight into the chances of recidivism and/or recovery. Forensic social work, however, is complicated as it is both oriented toward collecting information for the court (forensic aims) and aimed at helping the juvenile’s improvement (social work aims). This paper examines two unique cases of probation officer-juvenile interaction that utilize a board game intended to foster disclosure. As any disclosure may be used against the juvenile in court, the juvenile must be compliant enough without disclosing too much. Using a combination of frame analysis and discourse analyses of delicacy, we describe how the game is used to encourage disclosure as well as how the game allows juveniles to appear compliant ultimately without disclosing much personal information.
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YI, ZOONIL. "An Idea for the Constitutional Juvenile Justice System". Korean Constitutional Law Association 28, nr 3 (30.09.2022): 191–235. http://dx.doi.org/10.35901/kjcl.2022.28.3.191.
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According to the Juvenile Act, which regulates the judicial system related to investigation, prosecution, or trial procedures targeting juvenile delinquency, ‘juvenile’ means a person under the age of 19, that is, a person of the age of 18 and lower. Since the Civil Act refers to a person of the age of 19 and higher as an ‘adult’ and a person under the age of 19 as a ‘minor’, a juvenile under the Juvenile Act and a minor under the Civil Act have the same meaning. Meanwhile, the Criminal Act stipulates that a person under the age of 14, that is, a person of the age of 13 and lower, is called a ‘criminal minor’ and should not be punished. The Juvenile Act categorizes ‘delinquent juveniles’ into criminal juveniles, juvenile delinquents, and juvenile at risk of committing a crime, and stipulates that only criminal juveniles can be subject to punishment or protective measures, while juvenile delinquents and juveniles at risk of committing a crime can only be subject to protective measures. There are 10 types of protective measures under the Juvenile Act, but it is argued that the upper limit of the age for juvenile delinquent between the ages of 10 and 13, to which only protective measures can be imposed, should be lowered to expand the scope of criminal juveniles subject to punishment. Similarly, it is argued that the related regulations should be repealed because protective measures are imposed only on the grounds of the risk of crime even though there is no fact of violating the Penal Code for juveniles between the ages of 10 and 18 who can be subject to protective measures. Legal issues related to juvenile delinquents should be discussed from the perspective of the principle of proportionality of responsibility and punishment, the duty to protect constitutional rights and the principle of prohibition of excessively deficient protection, and the principle of equality and proportionality. And legal issues related to juvenile at risk of committing a crime should be discussed in terms of the principle of clarity and equality.
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Park, Ho-Hyun. "Action plan for juvenile justice: Focusing on Disposal No. 6". Korean Society of Private Security 23, nr 2 (30.06.2024): 31–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.56603/jksps.2024.23.2.31.
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The Juvenile Act is based on juvenile protectionism by being stated that it aims to help that juveniles grow soundly by doing necessary measures such as protective measures to adjust the environmental adjustment and correct behavior of juvenile offenders with anti-social behavior as well as special measures of criminal punishment on Article 1 of the Act. In addition, the Act establishes the role and function of government through the ‘Parens patriae(parent patriot)’ for juveniles in order to avoid treating them as adults in the criminal punishment. The reason why this ideological value is contanined in the Juvenile Act is because juveniles are less physically and mentally mature than adults and can quickly reflect on individual wrongdoings. In particular, the Juvenile Act, since its enactment in 1958, has been amended four times in 1963, 1977, 1988, and 2007 to resolve the substantive and procedural problems in the Act under the goal of having juvenile offenders go back to society through the edification and correction. However, it is also true that juvenile crimes and violent crimes are not decreasing, and that they tend to become more ferocious and cruel, even compared to adult crimes. As a result, this is also the reason of being claimed for the abolition of the Juvenile Act and lowering the age of juvenile protection in the Act. However, those claims cannot be the only way to solve juvenile crimes and violent crimes. Therefore, within the basic framework of juvenile protectionism contained in the Juvenile Act, measures must be prepared to solve juvenile crimes and violent crimes. This point of view, this study aims to find the solutions of the problems to juvenile protective disposition which has the normative and factual issues. In particular, it will find the meaning and value of disposal No. 6 that is protection disposition, entrusting custody to a child welfare facility or other juvenile protection facility under the Child Welfare Act, and the problems with disposal No. 6 in the Juvenile Act, furthemore, it will focus on presenting political measures to reduce the problems of disposal No. 6 in the Act Juveniles must not simply be objects of punishment or stigma. Government has to establish institutional system in other that juveniles can grow properly as citizens of the country. This institutional system should be able to make juvenile protection measures fulfill its role through human and financial support for preventing second conviction of juvenile offenders.
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Xiao, Yutian. "Elementary Analysis on the Characteristics and Causes as Well as Countermeasures of Juvenile Delinquency". Asian Journal of Social Science Studies 7, nr 4 (14.04.2022): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.20849/ajsss.v7i4.1097.
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In recent years, one by one, shocking cases of juvenile delinquency have gradually entered the public eye, and governing the problem of juvenile delinquency has become an important task for the state and society according to the law. there are profound reasons behind juvenile delinquency .as a law student, it is necessary to analyze the characteristics, causes and countermeasures of juvenile delinquency from the various problems encountered by juveniles on their way to grow up, which is useful to effectively prevent juvenile delinquency and guide the healthy growth of juveniles.
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Wolcott, David. "Juvenile Justice before Juvenile Court". Social Science History 27, nr 1 (2003): 109–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200012487.
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Progressive Era campaigns to establish juvenile courts maintained that police and criminal courts failed to distinguish between children and adults. They suggested that law enforcement agencies either sentenced juveniles as if they were adults, imposing excessive punishments, or let kids go, failing to discipline them and encouraging them to commit further crimes. However, this case study of juvenile arrests in turn-of-the-century Detroit indicates that, before the creation of juvenile court, criminal justice institutions had more complex interactions with delinquent youth than has been recognized previously. Boys typically were arrested for very different offenses than were adults, and the police and courts often segregated children and adolescents from the harshest elements of the criminal justice system. The police sought every opportunity to decide the outcome of juvenile arrests themselves, without a court hearing, particularly if boys had committed only status offenses such as truancy or if crime victims decided not to prosecute. When juveniles did appear in criminal courts, judges found ways to soften their experiences, rarely jailing younger boys and instead sentencing some to reform school for ostensible rehabilitation. After 1900, efforts to protect young offenders from criminal justice institutions expanded as specially assigned police officers increasingly sought to discipline delinquents prior to arrest and the courts introduced an unofficial form of probation. Rather than constituting a break from the past, the creation of Detroit’s juvenile court in 1907 mainly made official juvenile offenders’ growing separation from the criminal justice system.
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Bode, Jola. "Juvenile Punishment System in View of the Need for Education and Reintegration". European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 5, nr 3 (25.09.2019): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejis.v5i3.p21-29.
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Due to age and development stage, juveniles enjoy a special status in relation to adult persons. The status as a juvenile in the criminal field raises the request for treatment in accordance with the physical-psychic characteristics of the juvenile and his educational needs. The punishment system is an important component of the criminal justice system for juveniles. As such, it must respond to requests for a special treatment consistent with the personality of juveniles and individual education needs. This system should be oriented towards the goal of education and rehabilitation of the juvenile. In accordance with the international standards of juvenile justice and contemporary legislation, the Criminal Code of the Republic of Albania (CC) has sanctioned a number of rules that allow for special treatment for juveniles in the area of the punishment system. Despite the positive aspects, the provisions of the Code were insufficient in view of the requirements of international standards and the need for education and reintegration. The legal reform which also included the criminal justice system for juveniles brought a number of changes in the area of juvenile punishment system too. With the entry into force of the Juvenile Criminal Code (JCC) it was possible to establish a special and autonomous system of penalties applicable to juvenile offenders. The implementation of this system serves a friendly juvenile justice aimed at avoiding the negative effects of imprisonment and tends towards social rehabilitation and reintegration. This study discusses the novelties brought by JCC in terms of the meaning, classification and determination of juvenile sentence system and it will be reflected in relation to the challenges of the effective implementation of the provisions relating to the punishment system. Conclusions will also be drawn regarding the compliance of this system with the request for special treatment of juvenile perpetrators and the need for integration and reintegration.
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Munasik, Munasik, Suharsono Suharsono, J. Situmorang i Kamiso H. N. "Kerapatan dan Kelulushidupan pada Rekrutmen Karang Pocillopora damicornis (Density and Survivorship on the Recruitment of the brooding coral Pocillopora damicornis)". ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences 19, nr 3 (2.09.2014): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ik.ijms.19.3.171-180.
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Studi rekrutmen karang Pocillopora damicornis telah dilakukan dengan mengamati kerapatan juvenil pada substrat penempelan di dataran terumbu Pulau Panjang, Jepara, Jawa Tengah. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa rekrutmen terjadi sepanjang tahun dan tertinggi pada periode Agustus-Oktober. Laju rekrutmen karang di belakang terumbu (back reef) pada sisi bawah angin (selatan) lebih tinggi daripada di sisi atas angin (utara) Pulau Panjang, tampaknya hal ini berkorelasi dengan kerapatan populasi karang dewasanya. Kerapatan juvenil karang tertinggi pada substrat batu alam terjadi pada sisi bawah permukaan substrat, akan tetapi pertumbuhan juvenil karang tertinggi ditemukan di sisi atas permukaan substrat. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa kerapatan juvenil karang berhubungan dengan kelulusan hidup juvenil karang. Semakin tinggi kerapatan juvenil karang P. damicornis maka semakin rendah kelulusan hidup juvenil karang karena terjadinya peningkatan persaingan sesama juvenil karang dan akibat kekurangan cahaya. Kata kunci: rekrutmen, kerapatan, kelulushidupan, karang Pocillopora damicornis Recruitment of the brooding coral Pocillopora damicornis was studied by observing the juvenile density on the settlement plate substrate in reef flat of Panjang Island, Jepara, Central Java. The results show that recruitment occurs throughout the year and the highest in the period from August to October. The rate of recruitment of coral reefs in back reef on the leeward (south) is higher than on the windward (north) of the island, it seems to be correlated with population density of adult corals. The highest density of juvenile corals on natural substrata occurs on the lower side surface of the substrate, but the highest growth of juvenile are found on the upper side surface of the substrate. This indicates that the density of juvenile corals associated with the survival of juvenile corals. The higher density of juvenile corals P. damicornis, the lower the survival of juvenile corals due to an increase in competition among juvenile corals and due to lack of light. Keywords: recruitment, density, survivorship, coral Pocillopora damicornis
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Balo, Yusuf Solmaz, i Felix Butz. "Terrorist Offenses and Juveniles – a Comparison between Germany and Turkey". European Journal of Comparative Law and Governance 9, nr 1 (1.12.2021): 7–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134514-bja10026.
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Abstract Terrorism criminal law and juvenile criminal law are branches of law that modify default criminal law provisions. In terms of their goals, these approaches mostly oppose each other. While the primary purpose of terrorism law is to meet the security needs of society, juvenile criminal law serves the privileged interests of juveniles and their reintegration to that society. With increasing active recruiting of juveniles by terrorist organizations, the question arises of what legal systems are doing in the face of juvenile terrorist offenses. This paper analyses and compares legal responses to terrorist crimes by juveniles in Germany and Turkey. The authors conclude that in Germany juvenile terrorist offenses are granted the benefits of juvenile criminal law to a higher degree than in Turkey. This has various legal and extra-legal reasons; however, in both legal systems reforms seem necessary to react more adequately to this troubling form of juvenile delinquency.
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Daniluk, Paweł, i Joanna Mierzwińska-Lorencka. "Responsibility of a Juvenile for a Prohibited Act Under Polish Law". International and Comparative Law Review 16, nr 2 (1.12.2016): 99–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/iclr-2016-0017.
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Summary The law on juvenile delinquency proceedings creates a model of a paternalistic and welfare approach to juvenile justice, the protection and treatment of the juvenile at risk oriented allowing only a certain range, to use criminal sanctions against juvenile perpetrators of prohibited acts. The rule is that juvenile is not liable to the principles defined in the Penal Code, the Code of Petty Offences or the Fiscal Penal Code, and the law is applied to him is the Juvenile Act of 26 October 1982 which does not provide for a criminal responsibility. Special, nonpenal responsibility for juveniles applies for those between 13 and 17 years. For younger juveniles, special measures of exclusively educational and care character are possible.
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Kuznetsova, Natalia A. "Feeding and food supply of juvenile fishes in the eastern Bering Sea in 2003-2012". Izvestiya TINRO 181, nr 2 (30.06.2015): 129–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.26428/1606-9919-2015-181-129-140.
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Feeding of fish juveniles in the eastern Bering Sea is investigated for the periods of 2003-2006 considered as relatively «warm» and 2007-2012 considered as relatively «cold». Small- and medium-sized zooplankton was the dominant prey in the 2003-2006, in particular copepods prevailed in the food of walleye pollock (41.5 %), pacific herring (48.3 %), and sand lance (71.7 %) juveniles, which in turn were the prey for pollock, herring and cod yearlings and other predators. On the contrary, large-sized zooplankton was more abundant in the 2007-2012, so arrowwarms ( Sagitta sp.), large-sized copepods (in particular Calanus marshallae ), euphausiids (mainly Thysanoessa raschii ), hyperiids, and pteropods were the prey for young fish: C. marshallae - for juveniles of pollock (40-45 % by weight) and capelin (32-34 %), Th. raschii - for yearlings of pollock (51 %) and herring (36-46 %), cold-water hyperiid T. libellula - for adult pollock (24 %), juvenile cod (9-18 %) and juvenile herring (9-11 %), whereas portion of fish in the diets was insignificant. In the warm period (2003-2006), juvenile pollock, herring, sand lance and capelin were zooplankton-eaters with the diets similarity 67 %, while yearlings of pollock and juveniles of cod, herring, sandfish, and atka mackerel were fish-eaters preying upon pollock juveniles. In the cold period (2007-2012), the diets of juvenile pollock, juvenile and adult capelin, and juvenile sand lance were also similar at 85-70 % but they preferred large-sized copepods and euphausiids ( C. marshallae and Th. raschii ), while yearlings of pollock, yearlings and adults of herring, and juveniles of sand fish and cod had the diets of 70 % similarity with Th. raschii prevalence. Feeding intensity was high for all species: the mean stomach fullness was 150-200 ‱ for pollock juveniles and yearlings, 200-250 ‱ for cod juveniles, 200-258 ‱ for sand lance juveniles, 302 ‱ for herring juveniles, and 178-250 ‱ for juvenile atka mackerel. The fullness had diurnal rhythm with three peaks: at noon - up to 179 ‱, in evening - up to 213 ‱, and at night - up to 204 ‱ (the data for walleye pollock juveniles in «cold» years only). Daily food ration of juvenile pollock is estimated as 6.7 % of its body weight in the «warm» years and 7.0 % in the «cold» years.
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Singer, Simon I. "The Automatic Waiver of Juveniles and Substantive Justice". Crime & Delinquency 39, nr 2 (kwiecień 1993): 253–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128793039002009.
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Legislative waiver bypasses juvenile court and juvenile justice officials by initially transferring jurisdiction over juveniles arrested for serious offenses to criminal court. Supporters of legislative waiver argue that the exclusion of offense categories from juvenile court jurisdiction best meets the punishment-oriented objectives of waiver. However, a logistic regression analysis of case processing decisions in a state with automatic transfer provisions revealed that juvenile offenders from single-parent households were more likely to face a grand jury indictment than juveniles from dual-parent households.
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Oli, Aris Putra, Kakaskasen A. Roeroe, Carolus P. Paruntu, Janny D. Kusen, Indri S. Manembu i Stephanus V. Mandagi. "Study Of Hard Coral (Scleractinia) Recruitment In The Molas Waters, Manado City". Jurnal Ilmiah PLATAX 10, nr 1 (21.01.2022): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.35800/jip.v10i1.37489.
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Coral recruitment is the entry of new coral individuals into coral reef populations due to reproduction or migration. Juvenile coral is the result of metamorphosis and growth of coral planula measuring 5 cm and attached to certain substrates. There are two types of substrates in the waters, stable substrates and unstable substrates such as rubble. The purpose of this study was to study hard coral recruitment, both in terms of density, the composition of juvenile coral colony types, size, and the type of substrate occupied by juvenile corals. This research was conducted in August 2021 in the waters of Molas, Bunaken District, Manado City. The method used for site selection is the purposive sampling method and data collection using a sampling method with quadrant transects. The results showed that the density of coral recruitment at the study site was 8,43 colonies/m2. The percentage of juvenile coral attachment on stable substrates is 90% and 10% on unstable substrates. The average size of juvenile corals at the study site was 2.4cm. The composition of the juvenile coral genus found at the research site were corals of the genus Acropora, Anacropora, Coeloseris, Cycloseris, Cyphastrea, Echinopora, Favites, Fungia, Galaxea, Goniastrea, Isopora, Leptastrea, Leptoseris, Lobophyllia, Merulina, Montastrea, Montipora, Oulophyllia, Pachyseris, Pavona, Platygyra, Plasiastrea, Pocillopora, Porites, Psammocora, Scolymia, Seriatopora, Symphyllia, and Trachyphyllia. Of the entire genus, corals of the genus Porites were dominated by the number of juveniles as many as 36 colonies.Keywords: Molas, coral, recruitment, ScleractiniaAbstrakRekrutmen karang adalah masuknya individu karang baru pada populasi terumbu karang dikarenakan reproduksi ataupun migrasi. Juvenil karang merupakan bentuk hasil metamorphosis dan pertumbuhan planula karang yang berukuran ≤ 5 cm dan menempel pada substrat tertentu. Terdapat dua tipe substrat di perairan, substrat yang stabil dan substrat yang tidak stabil seperti pecahan karang (rubble). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari tentang rekruitmen karang keras, baik dari densitas, komposisi jenis koloni juvenil karang, ukuran, hingga tipe substrat yang ditempati oleh juvenil karang. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Agustus 2021 di perairan Molas Kecamatan Bunaken Kota Manado. Metode yang digunakan untuk pemilihan lokasi adalah metode purposive sampling dan pengumpulan data menggunakan metode sampling dengan transek kuadran. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa densitas rekruitmen karang pada lokasi penelitian sebesar 8,43 koloni/m2. Persentase penempelan juvenil karang pada substrat stabil sebesar 90% dan pada substrat yang tidak stabil sebesar 10%. Ukuran rata-rata dari juvenil karang pada lokasi penelitian adalah 2,4cm. Komposisi genus juvenil karang yang ditemukan pada lokasi penelitian adalah karang genus Acropora, Anacropora, Coeloseris, Cycloseris, Cyphastrea, Echinopora, Favites, Fungia, Galaxea, Goniastrea, Isopora, Leptastrea, Leptoseris, Lobophyllia, Merulina, Montastrea, Montipora, Oulophyllia, Pachyseris, Pavona, Platygyra, Plasiastrea, Pocillopora, Porites, Psammocora, Scolymia, Seriatopora, Symphyllia, dan Trachyphyllia. Dari keseluruhan genus, didominasi oleh karang genus Porites dengan jumlah juvenil sebanyak 36 koloni.Kata kunci: Molas, karang, rekrutmen, scleractinia
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Vasan, Praveen. "“JUVENILE REHABILITATION” – JUVENILE JUSTICE SYSTEM". International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation 24, nr 04 (29.02.2020): 1253–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.37200/ijpr/v24i4/pr201096.
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Trulson, Chad, i Jon Caudill. "Juvenile homicide offender recidivism". Journal of Criminal Psychology 7, nr 2 (2.05.2017): 93–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcp-11-2016-0038.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine and explain the recidivism outcomes of a large cohort of juvenile homicide offenders three years following their release from institutional confinement. Design/methodology/approach Retrospective data were utilized to examine demographic, background, and institutional behavior variables on post-release recidivism of 247 juvenile homicide offenders. Analyses distinguish between capital and non-capital juvenile homicide offenders. Findings Descriptive analyses demonstrated a 50 percent recidivism rate among the sample of juvenile homicide offenders. Bivariate analyses revealed few significant differences between capital and non-capital homicide offending juveniles. Logistic regression analyses revealed that youth who were neglected prior to state institutionalization were significantly more likely to recidivate. Logistic regression also revealed that longer lengths of incarceration were associated with decreased odds of recidivism, while participating in assaultive behaviors against peers while confined aggravated the odds of recidivism. Research limitations/implications Implications related to the role that previous neglect, incarceration time, and institutional behavior can inform policymakers and practitioners on issues related to the treatment of juvenile homicide offenders while confined, and the impact that incarceration time and institutional behavior mean for post-release recidivism risk. Originality/value Little research has assessed the recidivism outcomes of juvenile homicide offenders, especially with a larger sample size. None have examined the differences between capital and non-capital homicide offending juveniles. As juvenile jurisdictions continue to retain more homicide offending juveniles (as opposed to their removal to adult systems), there is value to the research to inform policy and practice with such an enriched and problematic groups of offenders.
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Kubrak, R. M., i V. M. Seheda. "PARTICULAR ISSUES OF JUVENILE DELINQUENCY". Scientific Herald of Sivershchyna. Series: Law 2023, nr 3 (23.10.2023): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.32755/sjlaw.2023.03.021.
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In the article on the basis of the analysis the authors determine the dynamic changes over the past ten years in certain indicators of juvenile delinquency. The positive dynamics of reduction of the main quantitative indicators of juvenile delinquency is determined. In particular, the author provides a criminal law characterization of criminal offenses committed by juveniles. Among the criminal offenses committed by juveniles, there is a prevalence of offenses committed for mercenary motives, which is also characteristic of adult offenders. In the structure of juvenile delinquency, a significant numerical predominance of males is noted, but despite a significant numerical decrease in the number of female juvenile offenders, their share has remained relatively stable over the past ten years. More than half of the convicted juveniles serving their sentence in an educational colony comply with the established procedure for serving their sentence, prove their correction and are released on parole. Based on the results of the study, the authors conclude that the dynamics of reducing juvenile delinquency rates will remain stable in general, but the amount of annual quantitative changes will most likely decrease. At the same time, the elements of humanity and decriminalization will be further implemented in the punitive policy towards juvenile offenders. Key words: convicted juvenile, imprisonment, criminal offenses, personnel of penitentiary institutions, resocialization, educational colony, crime, prevention of criminal offenses.
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Blackburn, Gwylim S., Deborah J. Wilson i Charles J. Krebs. "Dispersal of juvenile collared lemmings (Dicrostonyx groenlandicus) in a high-density population". Canadian Journal of Zoology 76, nr 12 (1.12.1998): 2255–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z98-191.
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We tested whether dispersal of juvenile lemmings occurs at high population densities and whether predation risk affects movements of juveniles. The study was conducted in July and August 1996 on the Kent Peninsula, Northwest Territories, during a peak in the lemming cycle. We fitted 43 juvenile collared lemmings (Dicrostonyx groenlandicus) of the summer generations on a control plot and a predator-exclosure plot with radio transmitters and examined their home ranges and movement patterns. We tested the following hypotheses: (i) extensive juvenile dispersal will occur at high population densities, (ii) male juveniles will move greater distances than females, and (iii) juveniles will move greater distances in the absence of predators. We rejected all these hypotheses. All juvenile collared lemmings remained in the vicinity of their original home ranges. Home-range sizes of all juveniles were similar, the mean size being 100 m2. Mean and maximum distances moved were similar among all juveniles. However, juveniles moved less frequently on the control plot than on the exclosure plot. Juvenile collared lemmings do not disperse at high densities. The lack of dispersal may have been the result of avoidance of confrontations with other lemmings, and may also have been related to delayed breeding, since most juveniles and subadults did not mature in late summer. Differential predation risk or predation mortality may have had no effect on the distances moved by juveniles or may have been masked by strong density effects on both plots.
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Cecala, Kristen, Michael Dorcas i Steven Price. "Ecology of juvenile Northern watersnakes (Nerodia sipedon) inhabiting low-order streams". Amphibia-Reptilia 31, nr 2 (2010): 169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853810791069029.
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AbstractThe juvenile stage for many reptiles is considered “the lost years” because of low capture probabilities, however understanding factors impacting juvenile survivorship and recruitment is critical for conservation of populations. We studied the ecology of juvenile Northern watersnakes, Nerodia sipedon, by intensively sampling a first-order stream and determined the occupancy of juveniles in 30 low-order streams in the Piedmont of North Carolina. Juveniles were relatively abundant within a single stream (n = 62 ± 9), and their capture probabilities were positively related to increasing stream-water temperatures. We also found that juveniles had high survivorship (ϕ = 0.87 ± 0.017). Occupancy of juvenile N. sipedon in low-order, Piedmont streams may be greater at streams that have confluences with high order streams or lakes, which potentially support adult N. sipedon populations. This study provides important information regarding the natural history of juvenile reptiles and indicates the importance of low order streams as habitat for N. sipedon populations.
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Yepsen, Daniela V., Luis A. Cubillos i Hugo Arancibia. "Juvenile Hake Merluccius gayi Spatiotemporal Expansion and Adult-Juvenile Relationships in Chile". Fishes 7, nr 2 (12.04.2022): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fishes7020088.
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The abundance of juvenile fish changes due to endogenous processes, and determining the functional relationships among conspecifics is essential for fisheries’ management. The hake (Merluccius gayi) is an overexploited demersal fish widely distributed in Chile, from 23°39′ S to 47°00′ S in shallow and deep water over the continental shelf and shelf break. We studied the spatiotemporal distribution of hake juveniles (from ages 0 and 1), emphasizing endogenous relationships among juveniles and adults. The abundance per age data were obtained from bottom trawl cruises carried out in the austral winter between 1997 and 2018. Generalized additive models showed a similar spatiotemporal pattern for ages between 0 and 1, and negative effects of adult hake aged seven and older on the abundance of the young generation. Regarding the changes in juvenile abundance, the residual deviance of selected models explained 75.9% (for the age 0) and 95.3% (for the age 1) of the null deviance, revealing a significant increase in juvenile abundance from 2002 to 2007 and subsequent abundance stability at higher levels. Furthermore, the expansion in the abundance of juveniles after 2002 was favored by the low abundance of older adult hake, most which are able to cannibalize young hake. Our results highlight the importance of endogenous factors in the spatial distribution of Chilean hake juveniles to identify nurseries or juvenile areas free of potential cannibal adults.
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Breitwisch, Randall, Ronald Lee i Marilyn Diaz. "Foraging Efficiencies and Techniques of Juvenile and Adult Northern Mockingbirds (Mimus Polyglottos)". Behaviour 101, nr 1-3 (1987): 225–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853987x00459.
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AbstractAdult and newly independent juvenile northern mockingbirds foraged on arthropods in the breeding season at similar rates within bouts, but adult efficiency (both as captures/attempt and captures/min) was higher than juvenile efficiency. Adults also captured a greater proportion of large arthropods than juveniles, and adults preferentially fed larger prey to dependent young. Juveniles engaged in more aerial attacks as the season progressed, although their success rate in these bouts did not increase. Both adults and juveniles captured a greater proportion of large arthropods in aerial attacks than in ground attacks. Juvenile success rate in ground attacks increased with season. These observations suggest that juvenile mockingbirds change their foraging behaviour in the first 1-2 months of independence, although the mechanism involved in this change is unknown.
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Spaan, Robert S., Clinton W. Epps, Rachel Crowhurst, Donald Whittaker, Mike Cox i Adam Duarte. "Impact of Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae on juvenile bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) survival in the northern Basin and Range ecosystem". PeerJ 9 (19.01.2021): e10710. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10710.
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Determining the demographic impacts of wildlife disease is complex because extrinsic and intrinsic drivers of survival, reproduction, body condition, and other factors that may interact with disease vary widely. Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae infection has been linked to persistent mortality in juvenile bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis), although mortality appears to vary widely across subspecies, populations, and outbreaks. Hypotheses for that variation range from interactions with nutrition, population density, genetic variation in the pathogen, genetic variation in the host, and other factors. We investigated factors related to survival of juvenile bighorn sheep in reestablished populations in the northern Basin and Range ecosystem, managed as the formerly-recognized California subspecies (hereafter, “California lineage”). We investigated whether survival probability of 4-month juveniles would vary by (1) presence of M. ovipneumoniae-infected or exposed individuals in populations, (2) population genetic diversity, and (3) an index of forage suitability. We monitored 121 juveniles across a 3-year period in 13 populations in southeastern Oregon and northern Nevada. We observed each juvenile and GPS-collared mother semi-monthly and established 4-month capture histories for the juvenile to estimate survival. All collared adult females were PCR-tested at least once for M. ovipneumoniae infection. The presence of M. ovipneumoniae-infected juveniles was determined by observing juvenile behavior and PCR-testing dead juveniles. We used a known-fate model with different time effects to determine if the probability of survival to 4 months varied temporally or was influenced by disease or other factors. We detected dead juveniles infected with M. ovipneumoniae in only two populations. Derived juvenile survival probability at four months in populations where infected juveniles were not detected was more than 20 times higher. Detection of infected adults or adults with antibody levels suggesting prior exposure was less predictive of juvenile survival. Survival varied temporally but was not strongly influenced by population genetic diversity or nutrition, although genetic diversity within most study area populations was very low. We conclude that the presence of M. ovipneumoniae can cause extremely low juvenile survival probability in translocated bighorn populations of the California lineage, but found little influence that genetic diversity or nutrition affect juvenile survival. Yet, after the PCR+ adult female in one population died, subsequent observations found 11 of 14 ( 79%) collared adult females had surviving juveniles at 4-months, suggesting that targeted removals of infected adults should be evaluated as a management strategy.
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Irena Rzeplińska. "Criminal careers of juvenile delinquents". Archives of Criminology, nr XXXV (1.01.2013): 79–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.7420/ak2013c.
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Thirteen years ago, while conducting criminological research of juvenile delinquents within a research programme of the Ministry of Education “Juvenile delinquents in the past and today” I decided to research two groups of juvenile delinquents representative for Poland: 1. The first was juvenile delinquents tried in the courts between 1985 and 1988, the choice of files was made on the basis on their availability. According to assumptions I planned to research a representative group of cases of criminal deeds committed by juveniles and tried in criminal courts in 1980. It appeared to be impossible, files of juveniles from 1980 in 2000 when I organized research were, according to regulations, destroyed (hereinafter I use the term “80’s group”). 2. The second is a sample of a group of cases of criminal deeds committed by juveniles and tried in criminal courts in 2000 representative for Poland The main research assumption of the project of research of juvenile delinquents was to investigate and characterize juvenile crime and their social profiles. The research concerned contemporary juveniles – “2000 group” and juveniles in the past who were tried in courts between 1985 and 1989. I intended to investigate juvenile delinquents who belonged to the generation of the parents of those from “2000 group”. Yet a step backward by a generation was impossible (the files were destroyed). I decided that the object of the research will be the group of juvenile delinquents tried in juvenile courts in the 1980s. In 2010 I searched the National Criminal Registry for the records of both “1980s” and “2000 group”. Follow-up period for the latter group was 9 years. After they turned 17 (which is the age limit of legal responsibility under Polish law), from the “2000 group” tried in 2000 in juvenile courts 390 persons, that is 51,3%, were later convicted for crimes. This group, at the moment of record search, was between 20 and 28 and majority of perpetrators were between 24 and 28 – that is young adults in the period of the highest criminal activity. The group of juvenile delinquents from 1980s was 555 persons. The follow-up period was 22 to 22 years. In this group, according to National Criminal Registry information, 187 persons, that is 33,7% had a criminal record at the moment of file search, and they were be-tween 35 and 44. As far as this group is concerned, part of criminal records were erased so a part of convictions in this group remains unknown. Study of previous juvenile delinquents life histories, longitudinal study, criminal career study – these are the names of the same types of research in criminology whose main and common questions is: how many of previous juvenile delinquents commit crimes in adult life. More detailed questions are: - what is the type and significance of crime commited by previus juvenile dalinquents in their adult lives?
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Marshall, Sarah Momilani, Poki‘i Balaz, Tammy Martin, Adrienne Dillard, Sophia Kim i Puni Kekauoha. "Shifting the Narrative and Ending the Silence: Juvenile Prostitutes or Juvenile Victims?" Urban Social Work 5, nr 2 (1.07.2021): 126–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/usw-d-20-00034.
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BackgroundPublic perceptions of juveniles involved in commercial sexual activity are heavily shaped by media and communication frames, and these perceptions influence the direction of public policy priorities.ObjectiveA systematic critical analysis of trends in the literature was conducted to evaluate the framing of this population as either deserving of policy aid or undeserving of policy aid.MethodsThe language of professionals in medical, legal, and social science peer-reviewed journals was assessed, encompassing the years 1985–2015.FindingsFindings suggest that the framing of these juveniles is slowly shifting away from a perspective of juvenile culpability and toward a perspective of juvenile exploitation.ConclusionsCurrent research efforts are imperative and should be focused on the reconceptualization of these juveniles as victims of abuse and exploitation.
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Smith, Bradford. "Children in Custody: 20-Year Trends in Juvenile Detention, Correctional, and Shelter Facilities". Crime & Delinquency 44, nr 4 (październik 1998): 526–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128798044004004.
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Using data drawn from the Children in Custody (CIC) statistical series, this article presents 20-year trends (1) in the number and characteristics of juvenile correctional facilities, (2) in the number and characteristics of youth held in juvenile correctional facilities, and (3) in the costs of confinement of youth held in juvenile correctional facilities. A brief history and some of the limitations of the CIC data are presented. The new Census of Juveniles in Residential Placement that replaced CIC in 1997 is briefly described. The article concludes that, even after controlling for the size of the at-risk juvenile population and inflation, there were more juveniles, more males, more minorities, and more violent offenders in more crowded, secure, and costly juvenile correctional facilities in 1995 than there were in the preceding years.
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Webb, William C., William I. Boarman i John T. Rotenberry. "Common Raven Juvenile Survival in a Human-Augmented Landscape". Condor 106, nr 3 (1.08.2004): 517–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/106.3.517.
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AbstractAnthropogenic resource subsidies have contributed to the dramatic increase in the abundance of Common Ravens (Corvus corax) in the western Mojave Desert, California, during the past 30 years. To better understand the effects of these subsidies on raven demography, we examined whether survival to juvenile departure from the natal territory could be predicted by a set of environmental and morphological variables, such as nest proximity to anthropogenic resources and juvenile condition. We captured 240 juvenile ravens over 2 years and marked them prior to fledging. Nest proximity to anthropogenic resources and earlier fledging dates significantly predicted raven juvenile survival to departure from the natal territory. The best-fitting mark-recapture models predicted postdeparture survival as a function of time since fledging, nest proximity to anthropogenic resources, and year hatched. The positive effect of nest proximity to anthropogenic resources influenced postdeparture survival for at least 9 months after fledging, as revealed by the mark-recapture analysis. Annual survival was 47% for first-year, 81% for second-year, and 83% for third-year birds. Our results support the hypothesis that anthropogenic resources contribute to increasing raven numbers via increased juvenile survival to departure as well as increased postdeparture survival. We expect raven numbers to grow in concert with the growing human presence in the Mojave Desert unless raven access to anthropogenic resources is diminished.La Sobrevivencia Juvenil de Corvus corax en un Paisaje Mejorado por HumanosResumen. Los subsidios de recursos antropogénicos han contribuido al aumento dramático de la abundancia del cuervo Corvus corax en el occidente del desierto de Mojave durante los últimos 30 años. Para entender los efectos de estos subsidios en la demografía del cuervo, examinamos si la sobrevivencia hasta la salida de los juveniles del territorio natal podría ser predicha por un conjunto de variables morfológicas y ambientales, tales como su cercanía a los recursos antropogénicos y la condición de los juveniles. En dos años capturamos 240 cuervos juveniles y los marcamos antes que desarollaran plumas de vuelo. La cercanía del nido al punto de subsidio más cercano y las fechas tempranas de emplumamiento predijeron significativamente la sobrevivencia de los juveniles hasta su salida del teritorio natal. Los modelos de marcaje y recaptura más adecuados predijeron la sobrevivencia posterior a la salida del territorio como una función del tiempo desde el momento de emplumamiento, la cercanía al punto más cercano de subsidio y el año de nacimiento. Según el análisis de marcaje y recaptura, el efecto positivo de la cercanía a subsidios antropogénicos influye en la sobrevivencia después de la salida del territorio hasta por lo menos 9 meses después del emplumamiento. La sobrevivencia anual fue de 47% en el primer año, de 81% en el segundo año y de 83% para aves en su tercer año. Nuestros resultados apoyan la hipótesis de que los recursos antropogénicos contribuyen al crecimiento de los números de cuervos aumentando la sobrevivencia juvenil antes y después de su salida de los territorios natales. Esperamos que los números de cuervos aumenten en relación con la presencia humana en el desierto de Mojave a menos que su acceso a los recursos antropogénicos sea disminuido.
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Avilés, Jesus M. "Time budget and habitat use of the Common Crane wintering in dehesas of southwestern Spain". Canadian Journal of Zoology 81, nr 7 (1.07.2003): 1233–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z03-105.
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In many bird species juvenile inexperience drastically reduces their survival, and parents must provide for them. I tested whether time budget and habitat use in adult wintering Common Cranes (Grus grus) in dehesas (pastoral woodland) of western Spain were affected by the presence of juveniles. Juvenile cranes devote less time to vigilance and spend more time feeding than adults in dehesas. Likewise, juveniles are involved in fewer aggressive encounters than adult cranes. Contrary to expectation, adults accompanied by juveniles devoted the same amount of time to vigilance and feeding and had the same intake rate than adults without juveniles in attendance. However, adult cranes with offspring in attendance were involved in more aggressive encounters than adults without juveniles in attendance when both adult groups were involved in large flocks. In contrast, when adults accompanied by juveniles were in small flocks they were involved in fewer aggressive encounters than adults without juveniles. I also detected a differential use of dehesas by adult cranes that was linked to juvenile presence and explained by the vulnerability of juvenile cranes in intraspecific social relationships. Adults with juveniles in attendance preferred dehesas with livestock where flock sizes were smaller than those in dehesas without livestock, and therefore where they might reduce the number of aggressive encounters with other cranes.
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Gwiazda, Robert, Adam Flis, Piotr Skórka i Wioleta Oleś. "Effect of Age on the Foraging Behaviour of Grey Heron Ardea Cinerea L., 1758 at a Submontane Dam Reservoir in the Post-Breeding Season". Avian Biology Research 10, nr 2 (maj 2017): 76–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3184/175815617x14878495436442.
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The components of foraging behaviour and success of adult and juvenile Grey Heron Ardea cinerea were studied at the Dobczyce Reservoir (southern Poland) in July and September 2015. Juvenile and adult birds moved at similar rates during both months. Fish capture attempt rate was significantly higher for juvenile birds than for adults in July but not in September. Capture rate and foraging success probability (number of captures over all attempts) was significantly lower in juveniles in July but not in September. The foraging success probability of juveniles increased from July to September. Adult and juvenile birds caught mostly small fish, with no differences in size. However, handling time in juvenile birds was much longer than in adults in July but not in September, after controlling for differences in prey size. Thus, juvenile Grey Heron increased their efficiency of catching fish from July to September by reducing the number of mistakes, probably as a result of experience.
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Smirnova, Irina, Vyacheslav Nikolyuk, Elena Markovicheva i Oksana Kachalova. "Placing Juvenile Delinquents into Residential Correctional Schools". Russian Journal of Criminology 13, nr 5 (31.10.2019): 837–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2500-4255.2019.13(5).837-845.
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An integral part of modern criminal policy is criminal procedure policy regarding juvenile delinquents, aimed at resolving a criminal law conflict in the ways that are most beneficial for these persons and that lead to their re-integration in the society. The purpose of juvenile criminal proceedings is connected with special educational tasks and requires special procedures. In Russian criminal proceedings, the court can substitute criminal punishment with compulsory educational measures as part of such procedures. Russian system of compulsory educational measures is complicated, and a special place is held by the most severe sanction — directing a juvenile guilty of a grave crime or a crime of medium gravity into a special residential correctional school. The authors note that the legislation does not fully regulate the application of this sanction, which hinders its use by courts. They also present statistical data on the number of juveniles who the courts place into special residential correctional schools and analyze the reasons why this measure is seldom used. As there is no service of probation in Russia, the courts have no opportunity to find good solutions to the problems connected with a delinquent’s stay in a residential correctional school. The authors support the initiative of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation to transfer these problems to the sphere of administrative court procedure, which should both benefit the court system and promote the rights of minors. They argue for the development of two strategic spheres of state criminal procedure policy for juveniles — that criminal court procedure should no longer deal with resolving socio-pedagogical, rehabilitation and medical problems of a juvenile's stay in a residential correctional school, and that there should be a detailed procedure for placing a juvenile into such an institution.
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Smirnykh, Sergey E. "Juvenile Justice as a Guarantee for the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency". Issues of juvenile justice 2 (10.06.2021): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/2072-3695-2021-2-20-23.
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The article deals with the issues of international legal cooperation in the sphere of juvenile justice as a guarantee of juvenile delinquency prevention. It is stated that one of the most important rights of children in the sphere of juvenile crime prevention is the right of children for protection from crime and its harmful consequences. The world community and individual states need to prevent children’s contact with criminals, who have a particularly negative impact on children, given their special needs related to their age and development. Prevention of juvenile delinquency should be aimed at preventing the involvement of juveniles in criminal activities. Juvenile justice is the most effective way to prevent juvenile delinquency.
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Magee, Gregory. "Addressing the Loophole for Juvenile Status Offenses". Eximia 13 (12.04.2024): 367–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/eximia.v13i1.463.
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Juvenile status offenses were created to protect against unnecessary physical detention of juveniles. Petty actions by teenagers are expected. Researchers have found that physically detaining juveniles in detention centers for behaviors such as truancy, running away, etc., did more harm than good. The Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974 was enacted to create guidelines and prevent unnecessary detainment of juveniles. An amendment to the act in 1980 allowed judges to detain juveniles regarding status offenses if specific criteria were met. What seemed to be a minor change sought to protect juveniles from their own unruly conduct, i.e., running away or violating a court order. Ultimately, discretion to detain a juvenile began to be used very often. The undermining of status offenses has gained attention from many officials. The North Dakota Governor, Doug Burgum, did not hesitate to sign House Bill 1035 when it was made available to his office. The bill addresses the loophole, though the benefit has yet to be measured.
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Bolotin, Jakša, Nikša Glavić, Jakica Njire, Valter Kožul i Nenad Antolović. "Fan mussel Pinna nobilis Linneaus, 1758 spat collection on ''Christmas tree'' rope in the Mali Ston Bay area (South Adriatic Sea)". Natura Croatica 32, nr 2 (30.12.2023): 333–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.20302/nc.2023.32.21.
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During November 2006 on a 500 m long experimentally placed ''Christmas tree'' rope collector for juvenile mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamarck, 1819) placed the previous year a significant number of juvenile fan mussels (Pina nobilis Linnaeus, 1758) were observed. Live juvenile individuals (N=322) of P. nobilis with shell length from 17 to 93 mm were found in two sampling events. All juvenile fan mussels were found exclusively on deeper parts of the mussel rope. Observed population density was from 6 to 43 individuals per meter of the rope collector. The 120 smallest juveniles of P. nobilis were separated for the purpose of monitoring the growth rate in suspension, and the remaining juveniles were placed in the natural environment.
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Tropea, C., i L. S. López Greco. "Effect of social environment on sexual differentiation in the highly gregarious red cherry shrimp (Neocaridina davidi)". Canadian Journal of Zoology 97, nr 9 (wrzesień 2019): 791–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2018-0284.
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Studies on social control of functional sex in crustaceans are scarce and focused on hermaphroditic species. Hence, the objective of this study was to determine whether adult sex ratio affects juvenile sexual differentiation in the gonochoristic red cherry shrimp (Neocaridina davidi (Bouvier, 1904)) (Decapoda, Caridea). We tested two alternative hypotheses: (1) that undifferentiated juveniles become males when reared in the presence of adult females and vice versa; (2) that the presence of adult males affects juvenile sexual differentiation through androgenic gland secretions. Newly hatched juveniles were maintained with adult males or adult females during a 50-day period, after which they were sexed. In both treatments, juvenile sex ratios showed no deviations from the expected 1:1 relationship. This suggests that adult sex ratio is not a selective force determining juvenile phenotypic sex, even though mating opportunities may be null for juveniles differentiating into the sex of surrounding adults. The 1:1 sex ratio observed in broods reared with adult males and adult females also suggests that the potential chemical cues released by adults have neither masculinizing nor feminizing effects on undifferentiated juveniles. Present results reject our initial hypotheses and are consistent with a strong genetic basis of juvenile sexual differentiation in caridean shrimps.
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McComb, Chlöe, Ryanne Meems, Naweed Syed i Ken Lukowiak. "Electrophysiological Differences in the CPG Aerial Respiratory Behavior Between Juvenile and Adult Lymnaea". Journal of Neurophysiology 90, nr 2 (sierpień 2003): 983–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00263.2003.
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Intact, freely moving juvenile Lymnaea perform aerial respiration significantly less often than do adults. We therefore hypothesized that RPeD1, the central pattern generator (CPG) neuron that initiates rhythmogenesis, would be less active in juveniles than adults. Using both isolated and semi-intact preparations to directly test this hypothesis, we found the opposite; juvenile RPeD1s were significantly smaller and more excitable than RPeD1s from adults. Significant age-related differences were found in the membrane resistance (greater in juveniles), time constant (smaller in juveniles), and rheobase current (lower in juveniles), all of which would tend to make juvenile cells significantly more excitable. However, there were significant age-related differences in the synaptic connectivity within the CPG and in peripheral input to the CPG, all which favor more rhythmic activity in the adult CPG. As was the case for intact Lymnaea, juvenile semi-intact preparations perform aerial respiration less often than do adults. The difference in excitability between juvenile and adult RPeD1s is therefore not sufficient to cause increased rhythmogenesis. Age-related changes in synaptic connectivity within the respiratory CPG and in peripheral modulation allow respiratory rhythmogenesis to be more easily expressed in adults which may compensate for their decreased dependence on cutaneous respiration as their surface to volume ratio changes as the grow in size.
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Taylor, Eric B., i J. D. McPhail. "Variation in Body Morphology Among British Columbia Populations of Coho Salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch". Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 42, nr 12 (1.12.1985): 2020–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f85-249.
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Ten populations of juvenile coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch, from streams tributary to the upper Fraser River, the lower Fraser River, and the Strait of Georgia region were morphologically compared. Juveniles from coastal streams (Fraser River below Hell's Gate and the Strait of Georgia) were more robust (deeper bodies and caudal peduncles, shorter heads, and larger median fins) than interior Juveniles. Discriminant function analysis indicated that juvenile coho could be identified as to river of origin with 71% accuracy. Juvenile coho from coastal streams were less successfully classified as to stream of origin; however, juveniles could be successfully identified as either coastal or interior with 93% accuracy. Juvenile coho from north coastal British Columbia, Alaska, and the upper Columbia system also fitted this coastal and interior grouping. This suggests that a coastwide coastal–interior dichotomy in juvenile body form exists. Three populations (one interior and two coastal) were studied in more detail. In these populations the coastal versus interior morphology was consistent over successive years, and was also displayed in individuals reared from eggs in the laboratory. Adult coho salmon also showed some of the coastal–interior morphological differences exhibited by juveniles. We concluded that the morphological differences between coastal and interior coho salmon are at least partially inherited.
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Dragičević Prtenjača, Marta, Reana Bezić i Marina Zagorec. "Vizura hrvatskog maloljetničkog kaznenog prava pri odlučivanju o maloljetničkom zatvoru i njegovu pridržaju – postoje li kriteriji ili je sve diskrecijska odluka suda". Zbornik Pravnog fakulteta u Zagrebu 71, nr 3-4 (15.11.2021): 377–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.3935/zpfz.71.34.03.
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Juvenile courts throughout Croatia impose sanctions on juvenile offenders (juveniles). Their decision-making often raises issues of their discretion in deciding on the application of juvenile sanctions, especially juvenile incarceration and its suspension (Reservation of the Right to Impose the Sentence of Juvenile Incarceration), which can be a significant issue in terms of the uniformity of the juvenile case law. Therefore, the research sought to examine whether there are certain formal criteria for distinguishing the application of juvenile incarceration from its suspension (Reservation of the Right to Impose the Sentence of Juvenile Incarceration), or if there are criteria that judges use when deciding when and in which cases to apply juvenile imprisonment, and when its suspension. Consequently, the following Hypothesis is set: There are criteria for distinguishing the application of juvenile incarceration from the suspension of sentence of juvenile incarceration (Reservation of the Right to Impose the Sentence of Juvenile Incarceration). Normative - descriptive, qualitative and descriptive analyses were used to test the hypothesis in the research.
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Poulos, Tammy Meredith, i Stan Orchowsky. "Serious Juvenile Offenders: Predicting the Probability of Transfer to Criminal Court". Crime & Delinquency 40, nr 1 (styczeń 1994): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128794040001001.
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This study identified the legal and extralegal factors that play a significant role in the decision to transfer a serious juvenile offender to criminal court jurisdiction in Virginia. A sample of 364 juveniles adjudicated delinquent for felony-level crimes and transferred to criminal court was compared with a sample of 363 juveniles adjudicated for similar crimes who were incarcerated in juvenile learning centers, the most restrictive juvenile correctional option in Virginia. Thirteen variables were significant predictors of the transfer decision, the most important ones being age, current offense, and prior delinquency record.
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Aghababian, Seta, Anita Stone i Christopher Brown. "Is Play Sexually Dimorphic in the Polygamous Squirrel Monkey?" American Journal of Undergraduate Research 18, nr 1 (10.07.2021): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.33697/ajur.2020.040.
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Play behavior is widespread in juvenile mammals and may be a mechanism for practicing skills needed in adulthood. In mammals characterized by strong adult male competition over females, juvenile males perform more social play than do females, and such play may assist in later mating competition. This study examined whether social play behavior is sexually dimorphic in a polygamous neotropical primate, the squirrel monkey (Saimiri collinsi), through a six-week field study of two groups of wild monkeys in Eastern Amazonia, Brazil. We hypothesized that males would conduct more rough-and-tumble play than females and that any sex-based play differences would be more evident in older juveniles. We video recorded juvenile play bouts and scored: age category (younger or older juvenile) and sex of players (male or female); and rough-and-tumble play behaviors (i.e., bite, grab, and wrestle). Juvenile males initiated more play bouts than did females. Most players were older juvenile males, while older juvenile females were the least represented. Older juvenile play bouts occurred mostly among males, while younger juvenile bouts consisted of a more even sex distribution. While younger juveniles did not significantly affect the number of rough-and-tumble behaviors in bouts, the number of behaviors was significantly affected by the sex of older individuals. These results indicate that social play is sexually dimorphic in juvenile S. collinsi; specifically, males play more than females and sex differences are more pronounced in older cohorts. KEYWORDS: Squirrel Monkeys; Mating System; Sexual Dimorphism; Juvenile Period; Development; Play Behavior; Social Behavior; Ethology
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Kim, Doo-Sang. "Concept of Juvenile Protection in The Juvenile Act and Delinquent Juveniles". Journal of Legal Studies 31, nr 2 (kwiecień 2023): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.35223/gnulaw.31.2.1.
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Gillis, Elizabeth A. "Survival of juvenile hares during a cyclic population increase". Canadian Journal of Zoology 76, nr 10 (1.10.1998): 1949–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z98-136.
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Snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus) are multilittered synchronous breeders that produce up to four distinct litters of young each summer. I used radiotelemetry to determine the effects of juvenile cohort (i.e., litter group) and food availability on postweaning survival of hares in the southwestern Yukon during the increase phase of a hare cycle. During the study, I monitored 86 juvenile hares from control areas and areas in which supplemental food was provided. Twenty-eight-day survival did not differ between food addition and control areas for any juvenile cohort, and survival rates of juveniles (all cohorts combined) did not differ significantly from those of adults (juveniles: 0.91 per 28 days; adults: 0.93 per 28 days). However, when examined by juvenile cohort, survival of third and fourth litters was significantly lower than that of adults and first and second litters. These differences were the result of differential survival among the juvenile cohorts during a 3-month period in the fall (September-November). Predation was the primary proximate cause of death for weaned juvenile hares, accounting for 86% of deaths.
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Sawyers, Emma, Tarnya E. Cox, Peter J. S. Fleming, Luke K. P. Leung i Stephen Morris. "Social interactions of juvenile rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) and their potential role in lagovirus transmission". PLOS ONE 17, nr 7 (28.07.2022): e0271272. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0271272.
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Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease Virus (RHDV), which is a calicivirus, is used as a biocontrol agent to suppress European wild rabbit populations in Australia. The transmission of RHDV can be influenced by social interactions of rabbits; however, there is a paucity of this knowledge about juvenile rabbits and the roles they may play in the transmission of RHDV. We aimed to quantify the social interactions of juvenile (< 900 g) and adult (> 1200 g) rabbits in a locally abundant population in the Central Tablelands of New South Wales, Australia. Twenty-six juvenile and 16 adult rabbits were fitted with VHF proximity loggers to monitor intra- and inter-group pairings. Use of multiple warrens by these rabbits was investigated using VHF base stations at nine warrens and on foot with a hand-held Yagi antenna. Juvenile rabbits were strongly interconnected with both juveniles and adults within and outside their warren of capture, and almost all juveniles were well-connected to other individuals within their own social group. Inter-group pairings were infrequent and fleeting between adults. Both juvenile and adult rabbits used multiple warrens. However, visits to warrens outside their warren of capture, particularly those within 50 m, were more common and longer in duration in juveniles than in adults. The high connectivity of juveniles within and between warrens in close proximity increases potential pathogen exchange between warrens. Therefore, juvenile rabbits could be of greater importance in lagovirus transmission than adult rabbits. The strength of juvenile rabbit inter- and intra-group pairings, and their tendency to use multiple warrens, highlight their potential to act as ‘superspreaders’ of both infection and immunity for lagoviruses and other pathogens with similar lifecycles. Confirmation of this potential is required through examination of disease progress and rabbit age-related immune responses during outbreaks.
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Ferdiansyah, Ferdiansyah, Agus Hartoko i Niniek Widyorini. "SEBARAN SPASIAL DAN KELIMPAHAN JUVENIL UDANG DI PERAIRAN MUARA SUNGAI WULAN, DEMAK". Management of Aquatic Resources Journal (MAQUARES) 5, nr 4 (5.01.2017): 381–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/marj.v5i4.14638.
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ABSTRAK Perairan muara sungai Wulan merupakan wilayah perairan yang sangat penting fungsinya dalam memenuhi kebutuhan masyarakat, karena wilayah perairan tersebut dimanfaatkan para nelayan sebagai tempat penangkapan biota perairan seperti udang. Aktifitas tersebut dapat berpengaruh terhadap siklus hidup udang, kelimpahan maupun sebarannya. Oleh karena itu, informasi tentang sebaran spasial dan kelimpahan juvenil udang dapat digunakan sebagai dasar dalam usaha pengelolaan sumberdaya perikanan berkelanjutan. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Mei-Juni 2016 di perairan muara sungai Wulan, Demak yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis juvenil udang, sebaran spasial kelimpahan juvenil udang dan hubungan faktor fisika-kimia perairan terhadap kelimpahan juvenil udang. Metode yang digunakan yaitu metode Purposive Sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukan total kelimpahan juvenil udang berjumlah 584 ind/105m3 terdiri dari 4 genera yang teridentifikasi yaitu Penaeus, Metapenaeus, Macrobrachium, dan Cloridopsis. Jenis juvenil yang paling melimpah adalah genus Metapenaeus dengan hasil tangkapan sebanyak 286 ind/105m3. Sebaran kelimpahan juvenil udang yang tertinggi terdapat pada daerah kawasan mangrove yang memiliki kecepatan arus perairan yang lambat dan kedalaman perairan yang tinggi. Berdasarkan hasil uji regresi menunjukkan antara kecepatan arus dan kedalaman perairan berkorelasi dengan kelimpahan juvenil udang. Kata kunci: Muara Sungai, Juvenil Udang, Kelimpahan, Sebaran Spasial ABSTRACT Wulan estuarine is the territorial waters which highly important function in fulfilling the needs of society, because that have been aquatic biota catchment area such as shrimp. Activity can influence the life cycle, the abundance and spreading of shrimp. Therefore, knowing the spatial distribution and the abundance of the shrimp juvenile may provide such information that can be used as a basis for sustainable fisheries resource management efforts. The study is conducted in May to June 2016 in the waters of the Wulan River estuary, Demak aiming to determine the types, spatial distribution and the abundance of the shrimp juvenile. The method used in this study is purposive sampling method. The results show the total of shrimp juvenile abundance amounted to 584 ind/105m3 consists of 4 genera are identified i.e. Penaeus, Metapenaeus, Macrobrachium, and Cloridopsis. The most abundant of juvenile type is Metapenaeus genus with catches up to 286 ind/105m3. The spatial distribution shows the highest abundance of shrimp juvenile is in mangroves area. Based on the regression test results shows the flow speed and depth of the waters with the abundance of juvenile shrimp are correlated. Keywords: Estuary, Shrimp Juvenile, Abundance, Spatial Distribution
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Saeed, Muhammad Arif, Sara Amin i Dr Muhammad Imran. "Juvenile Justice System Implications and Overview of Resolved Cases in Punjab, Pakistan". Journal of Law & Social Studies 4, nr 1 (31.03.2022): 98–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.52279/jlss.04.01.98112.
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The juvenile justice system has been designed to protect the juveniles' rights to avoid sentencing like adults, especially the death sentences. The current study analyses the practical implication and overview of the resolved cases under the juvenile justice system Act 2018 and juvenile justice system ordinance 2000.It is qualitative exploratory research that goes through the content analysis of case laws based on the different crimes; having weapon, attempt to murder, possession of narcotics, rape cases, accused treatment as an adult offender, dispute of age and birth certification, dispute on sentencing the accused base on the age factor. It is found that in various cases, the juveniles have been released on bail after the approval of their age less than sixteen years. The study finds that the juvenile justice system Act 2018 and juvenile justice system ordinance 2000 are significant to protect the children's rights and prevent them from being addicted and professional criminals due to their physical and psychological protection from the jail environment. It concludes that such acts are necessary to providethe juveniles a platform to prove themselves innocent, indulging the age factor and preventing them from the evil influence of rigid and predetermined punishments of their intentional and unintentional committed crimes. The study suggests that policymakers consider the practical stances of the law implementation in the field before introducing the complete law at ground level. This research will be useful for the lawenforcing agencies, policymakers and academicians to have rich insight into the juvenile justice system Act 2018, Juvenile Justice System Ordinance 2000 and its practicality.
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Kinoshita, Hikari, Yasuhiro Kamimura, Ken-Ichiro Mizuno i Jun Shoji. "Night-time predation on post-settlement Japanese black rockfish Sebastes cheni in a macroalgal bed: effect of body length on the predation rate". ICES Journal of Marine Science 71, nr 4 (19.07.2013): 1022–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fst033.
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Abstract Recent field studies have pointed out that the vulnerability of juvenile fish to predation is higher than anticipated during night-time in vegetated habitats. Effects of abundance, body length, and growth rate on predation were examined in juvenile Japanese black rockfish in 2009–2011 in a macroalgal bed. Juvenile rockfish abundance ranged between 2.5 and 49.0 ind. 100 m–2 and the biomass of potential predators (piscivorous fish >82.5 mm) between 140.0 and 601.3 g 100 m−2. Sebastes inermis was the most dominant predator, compromising more than 50% by wet weight on all sampling days. Comparison of the total length of juveniles surviving (as original population, OP) and that of juveniles ingested (IG) by predators provided the evidence of the size-selective predation on juvenile rockfish on three of seven sampling days. The juvenile predation rate estimated as abundance of IG (N 100 m−2)/(abundance of IG + OP (N 100 m−2)) × 100100 varied between 0.4 and 12.5%. Neither juvenile rockfish abundance nor predator biomass had a significant effect on the juvenile predation rate, whereas the juvenile body length had a significant effect, smaller individuals being more vulnerable to predation. The growth-selective predation was not detected. Macroalgal habitats, although functioning as nurseries during the day, may contribute as feeding grounds for piscivorous fish predators at night leading to enhanced nocturnal predation rates.