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Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021

Data aktualizacji: 20 lutego 2023

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1

Funari, Sharon Kay. "An Exploration of Impediments to Attachment in a Juvenile Offender Population: Comparisons between Juvenile Sex Offenders, Juvenile Violent Offenders And Juvenile Non-Sex, Non-Violent Offenders". VCU Scholars Compass, 2005. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1402.

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This current study addresses potential impediments to attachment that may differentiate between incarcerated juveniles who have committed sexual crimes and incarcerated juveniles who have not committed such offenses. The exploration of such potential barriers to attachment has been organized around Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Model. Subjects were 2948 incarcerated male adolescents adjudicated to the Virginia Department of Juvenile Justice and were divided based solely upon adjudicating offense: Juvenile non-violent, non-sexual offenders (JNVNSO, n=1149), Juvenile violent, non-sexual offenders (JVNSO, n=1433) and Juvenile sexual offenders (JSO, n=366). Results indicated that JSOs differed from JNVNSOs and JVNSOs in their histories of sexual abuse as well as placements in foster care. Attachment impairment and the number of risk factors present were also found to be significantly related. Future research directions and potential policy repercussions are also addressed.

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2

Garbrecht, Amy L. "Characteristics of incarcerated juvenile sex offenders and non-sex offenders". Xavier University / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=xavier1385385595.

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3

Williams, Joan D. Middleton Renée Annette. "Juvenile sex offenders predictors of recidividism /". Auburn, Ala., 2007. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/Send%2011-10-07/WILLIAMS_JOAN_12.pdf.

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4

Martinez, Crystal G. "Recidivism Among Juvenile Sex Offenders in Texas". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2013. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc271862/.

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Juvenile sex offenders represent a serious and violent group of delinquents. Despite the severity of their crimes, the literature focusing on risk factors that influence recidivism and the types of re-arrest after incarceration is lacking. This research study examined 499 determinately sentenced juvenile sex offenders that were released from the Texas Juvenile Justice Department. This sample was then followed for three years upon their release. This analysis revealed that 51.5 percent were re-arrested for any offense while 45.91 percent were re-arrested for a felony offense. This study identified a number of risk factors relative to JSO recidivism. These factors include having a history of emotional abuse, race being African American, being gang affiliated, having a larger number of previous adjudications, and having higher counts of institutional misconduct infractions. Those JSOs older at intake and release, and those who were incarcerated for longer periods of time were less likely to re-offend upon release. Lastly, this study ends with suggestions for future research as well as policy implications geared toward juvenile sex offenders.

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5

Peden, Sarah Nicolette Shapiro Steven K. "Self-esteem and narcissism in juvenile sex offenders". Auburn, Ala., 2007. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2007%20Fall%20Theses/Peden_Sarah_56.pdf.

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6

Yackovich, Nick S. "A multidimensional analysis contrasting youthful nonoffenders, sex offenders, violent offenders and status offenders". Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2002. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2277.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2002.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vi, 167 p. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 124-140).

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7

Higgins, Miranda Loper Burkhart Barry R. "A cluster-analytically derived typology of juvenile sex offenders". Auburn, Ala, 2008. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/EtdRoot/2008/SUMMER/Psychology/Dissertation/Higgins_Miranda_2.pdf.

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8

Steen, Sara. "Professions in conflict : legal and medical social control of juvenile sex offenders /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8882.

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9

Andrews, Jesse Ryan. "The integration of juvenile sex offenders into higher education institutions". Online access for everyone, 2008. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Summer2008/j_andrews_072908.pdf.

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10

Briley, Joshua Paul. "Trauma Responses, Abuse History, and Exposure to Violence as Risk Factors in Adolescent Sex and Non-Sex Offenders". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2003. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4369/.

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Several risk factors have been identified for adolescent sex offenders and non-sex offenders. Such risk factors include physical and/or sexual abuse, and exposure to community and/or domestic violence. Additionally, the presence of disinhibitive factors, such as substance use and exposure to violent or pornographic media are also commonly reported in the backgrounds of both sex and non-sex offenders. Similarly, adolescent offenders have reported traumatic reactions to environmental factors such as abuse and violence. Similarities in exposure to the risk and disinhibitive factors described above between adolescent sex and non-sex offenders do not provide an explanation for why some adolescents commit sex offenses, whereas other adolescent offenders do not. This study investigated the discriminative ability of traumatic reactions as a risk factor between male adolescent sex and non-sex offenders. The inclusion of traumatic reactions increased the accuracy of risk factors distinguishing between sex and non-sex offenders. Thus, not only the presence of risk factors, but also the adolescent's reaction to the risk factors, are important predictors of whether he will commit a sexual offense.

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11

Martinez, Tonantzin Dionisia. "Penile plethysmography: Validation with a juvenile sex offending population". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2008. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc9755/.

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Traditionally, juvenile sex offenders have been ignored in the literature. More recently the research has expanded particularly in the area of assessment and treatment. This study focused on the assessment of sexual arousal to deviant stimuli using the penile plethysmography (PPG) since it likely plays a significant role in juvenile sex offending behaviors. The goal of this study assessed its validity and reliability using Becker et al.'s set of PPG scenarios with a population of juvenile sex offenders. Significant differences were found between groups of (a) admitters versus partial admitters and (b) offenders with and without male victims. This study also examined the latent structure of the PPG results and found three dimensions: arousal to male stimuli, arousal to females and paraphilias, and arousal to non-sexual acts. These findings provide important implications for assessment of juvenile sex offenders and add to the clinical utility of PPG assessments.

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12

Martinez, Tonantzin Dionisia Rogers Richard. "Penile plethysmography validation with a juvenile sex offending population /". [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2008. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-9755.

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13

Fallon, Mardi K. "Treatment Providers' Perceptions of Treatment Effectiveness with Female Juvenile Sex Offenders". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1337887017.

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14

Stovering, Jaime L. "Timelines of Disclosures Regarding Number of Victims By Juvenile Sex Offenders". Xavier University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=xavier1394885091.

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15

Schweigert, Katherine. "The Effect of Gender on Perpetration Characteristics and Empathy for Juvenile Sex Offenders". Digital Archive @ GSU, 2010. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/sociology_theses/26.

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This research examines the effect of gender on perpetration characteristics and empathy in a sample of juvenile sex offenders in Massachusetts using feminist criminological and gendered theory perspectives. Through the use of ordered logistic regression, I evaluate whether or not a perpetrator’s gender has an impact on the characteristics of the offense (such as the use of penetration, fellatio, genital touching, or masturbation) or the levels of empathy and remorse experienced by the offender. The results show that gender only has a significant effect on penetrative acts and remains non-significant for the remaining variables. I have concluded that the non-significance of gender lessens the dissimilarities between juvenile male and female offenders, suggesting that the female offenders are less influenced by gendered socialization. Future research should focus less on the differences between boys and girls and more on those variables that are significant: prior victimization, behavior problems, and problems in school.

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16

Ho, Wing-keung, i 何永強. "Social influences of juvenile sexual offending in Hong Kong". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31978058.

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17

Funk, Russell. "MMPI and the juvenile sex offender Russell Funk". PDXScholar, 1988. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3810.

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This study examined the effectiveness of the MMPI in identifying juvenile sex offenders. This study examined the hypothesis that previously identified subscales of the MMPI (i.e., Toobert et al. (1959) Pe scale and Dolan (1986) Ic scale) could be used in discriminating juvenile sex offenders (n=l 02) (and subgroups of juvenile sex offenders i.e., pedophiles n=79, and incest perpetrators n=41) from a control group of 40 juvenile offenders who had been adjudicated for non-sex related crimes. The study yielded results which indicate that the Pe subscale was not effective in discriminating pedophiles from non-pedophile sex offenders or from the control group. The results also indicated that the Ic subscale was not effective in discriminating incest perpetrators from non-incest sex offenders or the control group. The results from the data also indicate that the control group appeared more pathological than the sex offender group, based on their respective MMPI profiles. In addition, in comparison with previous research on adult sex offenders, there appears to be differences between adult sex offenders and juvenile sex offenders when comparing mean two point code scores. Problems in defining subgroups were discussed. A lack of research in the area of juvenile sex offenders was identified and a strong recommendation for further research in this area was made.

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18

Ho, Wing-keung. "Social influences of juvenile sexual offending in Hong Kong". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18649336.

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19

Caserta, Deborah Ann. "Substance use and related criminality among male juvenile sexual and nonsexual offenders an investigation of the patterns and prevalence : a project based upon an independent investigation /". Click here for text online. Smith College School for Social Work website, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10090/972.

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Thesis (M.S.W.)--Smith College School for Social Work, Northampton, Mass., 2007
Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment for the degree of Master of Social Work. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 15-17, 39-42, 60-63).

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20

Barteau, Angela Marie. "The Impact of Religiosity and Gender on Attitudes Toward Juvenile Sex Offenders". ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2112.

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Personal characteristics of mental health professionals can impact their attitudes toward juvenile sex offenders (JSOs) and affect treatment. The correlation between mental health professionals' religiosity and their attitudes has not been examined, and there is limited research about the correlation between professionals' gender and attitudes. The purpose of this study was to examine how mental health professionals' religiosity and gender related to their attitudes toward JSO treatment. Labeling theory provided the theoretical foundation for this study. This theory posits that individuals label certain populations, such as sex offenders, as deviant and this labeling perpetuates a cycle of criminal behavior. Using a quantitative approach, 123 mental health professionals completed an Internet survey that included demographic information, the Santa Clara Strength of Religious Faith Questionnaire, and the Attitudes Toward Treatment of Sex Offenders survey. These served to identify gender and measure religiosity and attitudes toward JSO treatment. A hierarchical multiple regression analysis was then used to examine the research questions and hypotheses. There were no statistically significant findings about how participants' religiosity and gender relate to their attitudes toward JSO treatment. However, further analyses revealed that type of profession and race of the participants affected their attitudes toward treatment. The findings can guide training programs to educate professionals that personal characteristics may affect their attitudes toward treatment. The potential for social change is that professionals' increased awareness may improve treatment effectiveness, which might ultimately lower offenders' recidivism and increase protection for the public.

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21

Boyles, Jody. "Influences on Juvenile Sexual Offending: Individual Versus Environmental Predictors". Bowling Green, Ohio : Bowling Green State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=bgsu1185473249.

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Knox, Lee Anna. "Juvenile Sex Offenders: A Consideration of Attachment Deficits in the Etiology of Offending". PDXScholar, 2009. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4143.

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Child sexual abuse is a serious and widespread problem that has been associated with a variety of short and long term consequences to victims, offenders, families, communities and society at large. In recent years, it has been recognized that up to 40% of sexual offenses occur at the hands of adolescent offenders (between 12-18 years of age). The literature suggests that early childhood familial experiences, specifically attachment deficits and experiencing abuse in childhood may be associated with offending behavior in adolescents. Important developments in attachment theory are reviewed and discussed as they relate to the etiology of offending behavior and resulting consequences. In this study, internal working models and the framework of Bartholomew's Four Category Model of Attachment (1991) are used to categorize participants based on their perceptions of the quality of their relationship with their supervisor (female caregiver) and personal histories of abuse. Study findings demonstrate that attachment style is significantly related to juvenile offender status (Sex Offender, Delinquent, and non-offending Comparison), and a significant number of Juvenile Sex Offenders report having suffered one or more types of childhood abuse. Finally, implications from this investigation are explored in regard to treatment and directions for future research are discussed.

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23

Cook, Patrick Karl Burkhart Barry R. "The Millon Adolescent Clinical Inventory (MACI) as an outcome measure for juvenile sexual offenders". Auburn, Ala, 2008. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/EtdRoot/2008/SPRING/Psychology/Thesis/Cook_Patrick_24.pdf.

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Carter, Megan N. "Adult and Juvenile Sexual Offenders: The Use of Violence and Fantasies". PDXScholar, 2004. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1719.

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Child sexual abuse (CSA) has been recognized as a widespread and devastating problem in our society. Definitional challenges result in a broad range of prevalence rates for CSA varying from 60/0 to 62% for females and 30/0 to 31 % for males (Finkelhor, Araji, Baron, Browne, Peters, & Wyatt, 1986). Although CSA affects our nation's children in epidemic proportions, researchers have found little conclusive evidence regarding CSA precursors. One promising area for exploring the etiology of CSA may be the differential patterns of sexual fantasies in juvenile and adult sex offenders. Abel, Becker, Mittleman, Cunningham-Rathner, Rouleau and Murphy (1987) found that more than 40% of non-familial child molesters reported the development of deviant sexual fantasies prior to sexually offending. Despite variations in offender subgroups, Marshall, Barbaree and Eccles (1991) found that 22% of the offenders experienced deviant fantasies prior to their first sexual offense. Unfortunately, the literature in this area has been quite limited despite its potential. Understanding offender similarities and differences in adult and juvenile populations may be important due to the large proportion of the offender population who begin sexually offending as juveniles and due to the treatment modalities that may be implemented for developmentally different offenders. As many as 500/0 of adult sex offenders have reported sexually deviant behavior beginning in adolescence (Becker, 1988; Ferhenbach, Smith, Monastersky & Deisher, 1986; Marshall, Barbaree, & Eccles, 1991). Juveniles have also been identified as perpetrators in more than half of all cases (Fehrenbach, Smith, Monastersky, & Deisher, 1986). This study investigates the relationship between offenders' sexual fantasies and their use of physical force to sexually offend. This investigation was also designed to examine the similarities and differences between adult and adolescent sexual offenders on these dimensions. Findings reveal an empirical relationship between offenders' fantasies and behaviors in sexual offending. It is anticipated that additional knowledge regarding potential relationships between fantasies and behaviors will assist in assessing and intervening with accused and convicted sexual offenders. Potential implications for clinical assessment and intervention into sexual abuse are discussed as well as the potential for understanding maintenance factors in the continuation of sexual abuse.

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Hill, Robert A. "A discriminant analysis between adolescent sexual offenders and non sexual offenders /". free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9953865.

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Sikorski, Jason Francis. "Psychopathy and choice of victims implications for the sub-categorization and treatment of juvenile sexual offenders /". Auburn, Ala., 2005. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2005%20Fall/Dissertation/SIKORSKI_JASON_46.pdf.

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Zatkin, Judith Gayle. "Examining the Structure of the Modus Operandi Questionnaire for Adult & Juvenile Sex Offenders". PDXScholar, 2017. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4073.

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Child sexual abuse is a pervasive crime that has numerous negative short and long-term impacts on its victims, as well as negative impacts for society. Modus Operandi (MO) is defined as a pattern of perpetration utilized by those who commit CSA to successfully abuse a child without detection. Understanding how CSA is perpetrated through MO is essential, as this construct influences both prevention of CSA, and treatment for victims and perpetrators. The Modus Operandi Questionnaire (Kaufman, 1991; MOQ) is the first and most comprehensive measurement tool for CSA MO, and is utilized by both researchers and clinicians. This study provides an up-to-date factor analysis of the MOQ, breaking the measure into five stage-based scales (i.e.; Accessing the victim, Gaining the victim's trust, Gaining the victim's cooperation, Sexual Abuse, and Silencing after the abuse). Each stage-based scale was analyzed through Exploratory Factor Analysis to determine structure followed by a Confirmatory Factor Analysis to examine model fit, as well as loadings of first-order factors onto their respective stage-based second order factors. Although model fit for all five scales can be improved, the results of this study determined reliable factors within all five scales, and show a structure that can be utilized to further inform research, treatment, and prevention of CSA.

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Gunn, Miriam Elizabeth. "A Retrospective Look at a Sample of Juvenile Sex Offenders From Two Level Six Residential Treatment Centers in Utah: 1998-2007". DigitalCommons@USU, 2008. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/80.

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The study and treatment of juvenile sex offenders (JSOs) has been steadily growing since its separation from the adult sex offender category in the early 1980s. Although many studies concern themselves with one specific research variable, this study looked at the presence of twelve characteristics historically associated with JSOs: sexual abuse, early exposure to sexuality, conduct disorder problems, exposure to crime in the family of origin, personal substance abuse, family substance abuse, school performance difficulties, school behavior problems, mental health difficulties, social skills deficits, changes in family structure, and nonsexual forms of abuse. This was an effort to see if these factors are consistent in a Northern Utah sex offender treatment facility with existing literature and if any correlations of significance exist among these variables. Data were drawn from the initial assessments of 124 clients between two centers of the Youthtrack-Utah Juvenile Sexual Offender Level-Six Residential Treatment Program through the years of 1998-2007. Results indicated that the frequencies of the factors are indeed consistent with previous studies and literature in terms of their presence among the study JSOs. There were several significant differences between facilities (mental health difficulties and social skills deficits) and multiple correlations existing among variables (frequent family structure changes, school behavior problems, family substance abuse correlating with the most variables). Suggestions for future research include utilizing greater specificity as to how the variables are defined and utilizing the whole client file as a data source. Comparisons of the entire data file with the initial assessment might be useful, looking for initial assessment accuracy in reference to the presence of these variables in a juvenile sex offender’s history. In addition, it is suggested that future studies utilize samples that include all levels of juvenile sex offender treatment, rather than exclusively level six. (122 pages)

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Farris, Kelly Leanne. "A developmental perspective on juvenile sexual offenders the role of childhood abuse in the development of psychopathology and sex offending behavior /". Auburn, Ala., 2007. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/07M%20Dissertations/FARRIS_KELLY_11.pdf.

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Rombouts, Sacha, i n/a. "Development of a Risk Assessment Checklist for Juvenile Sexual Offenders: a Meta-Analytic Approach". Griffith University. School of Psychology, 2006. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20070123.151237.

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Over the last decade there has been a substantial research effort directed toward understanding recidivism and risk prediction among adult sex offenders. In contrast, the juvenile sex offender field has received much less empirical attention. Consequently, there are very few risk assessment instruments designed for use with young persons who have committed sexual offences. Available measures do not appear to take into account the higher rates of non-sexual recidivism typical of this population. This thesis aimed to identify risk factors for sexual and non-sexual recidivism among juvenile sex offenders (JSOs) and explore their utility in the context of a risk assessment instrument. In Study One, a meta-analysis was conducted on JSO research to examine risk factors for sexual recidivism. The meta-analysis involved 17 studies and 22 predictor constructs. Seven variables emerged as reliable predictors of sexual recidivism: an index sexual offence involving a stranger victim, a history of physical abuse in the offender's background, the presence of sexual deviance, a non-contact index sexual offence, sexually offending against a greater number of victims, a history of sexual offending, and a history of non-sexual offending. In Study Two, a meta-analysis was performed on JSO research to identify risk factors for non-sexual recidivism. The meta-analysis involved 14 studies and 19 predictor constructs. Six variables emerged as reliable predictors of non-sexual recidivism: a history of non-sexual offending, a history of sexual abuse (negative relationship), the presence of an antisocial orientation, an index sexual offence involving a child victim (negative relationship), a history of physical abuse in the offender's background, and the use of threats/force in the index sexual offence. Taken together, the two meta-analyses were able to identify risk factors specific to sexual recidivism (e.g., sexual deviance) and non-sexual recidivism (e.g., antisocial orientation) as well as risk factors common to both outcomes (e.g., a history of non-sexual offending). These studies therefore made an original and significant contribution to the understanding of recidivism among JSOs. Based upon the meta-analyses, Study Three involved the construction of a risk assessment checklist that could be easily scored from file information. The Juvenile Risk Assessment Checklist (J-RAC) contained 11 items based upon the most consistent operationalisations of the predictors that emerged from the meta-analyses. The J-RAC is unique in the JSO risk assessment field as it contains two scales designed to provide separate estimates of the risk of youth engaging in further sexual and non-sexual recidivism, respectively. The J-RAC was scored based on file information from 82 youth who had been found guilty of sexual offences and referred to a treatment service in Queensland, Australia. The majority of the items possessed good inter-rater reliabilities and the two scales both possessed high inter-rater reliabilities. An existing JSO risk assessment instrument, the Juvenile Sex Offender Assessment Protocol Version 2 (J-SOAP-II; Prentky & Righthand, 2003), was also administered and the J-RAC possessed significant correlations with the majority of the J-SOAP-II scales. The J-RAC was also found to significantly discriminate between juveniles in detention and juveniles in the community, with those in detention found to be at higher risk on both scales. Thus, the reliability, convergent validity, and discriminant validity of the J-RAC was established. Consistent with current adult sex offender recidivism theory, the findings demonstrated the distinct roles of sexual deviance and antisocial orientation in the prediction of sexual and non-sexual recidivism of JSOs, respectively. The current thesis goes some way towards advancing a theory of juvenile sex offender recidivism by drawing upon the variables that emerged as reliable risk factors in the two meta-analyses. While the J-RAC could not yet be considered an actuarial instrument capable of assigning low, medium and high risk levels, the results of the research conducted in this thesis are encouraging. The utility of the J-RAC may be further enhanced through the aid of prospective research that incorporates substantial numbers of juvenile recidivists.

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Rombouts, Sacha. "Development of a Risk Assessment Checklist for Juvenile Sexual Offenders: a Meta-Analytic Approach". Thesis, Griffith University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365598.

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Over the last decade there has been a substantial research effort directed toward understanding recidivism and risk prediction among adult sex offenders. In contrast, the juvenile sex offender field has received much less empirical attention. Consequently, there are very few risk assessment instruments designed for use with young persons who have committed sexual offences. Available measures do not appear to take into account the higher rates of non-sexual recidivism typical of this population. This thesis aimed to identify risk factors for sexual and non-sexual recidivism among juvenile sex offenders (JSOs) and explore their utility in the context of a risk assessment instrument. In Study One, a meta-analysis was conducted on JSO research to examine risk factors for sexual recidivism. The meta-analysis involved 17 studies and 22 predictor constructs. Seven variables emerged as reliable predictors of sexual recidivism: an index sexual offence involving a stranger victim, a history of physical abuse in the offender's background, the presence of sexual deviance, a non-contact index sexual offence, sexually offending against a greater number of victims, a history of sexual offending, and a history of non-sexual offending. In Study Two, a meta-analysis was performed on JSO research to identify risk factors for non-sexual recidivism. The meta-analysis involved 14 studies and 19 predictor constructs. Six variables emerged as reliable predictors of non-sexual recidivism: a history of non-sexual offending, a history of sexual abuse (negative relationship), the presence of an antisocial orientation, an index sexual offence involving a child victim (negative relationship), a history of physical abuse in the offender's background, and the use of threats/force in the index sexual offence. Taken together, the two meta-analyses were able to identify risk factors specific to sexual recidivism (e.g., sexual deviance) and non-sexual recidivism (e.g., antisocial orientation) as well as risk factors common to both outcomes (e.g., a history of non-sexual offending). These studies therefore made an original and significant contribution to the understanding of recidivism among JSOs. Based upon the meta-analyses, Study Three involved the construction of a risk assessment checklist that could be easily scored from file information. The Juvenile Risk Assessment Checklist (J-RAC) contained 11 items based upon the most consistent operationalisations of the predictors that emerged from the meta-analyses. The J-RAC is unique in the JSO risk assessment field as it contains two scales designed to provide separate estimates of the risk of youth engaging in further sexual and non-sexual recidivism, respectively. The J-RAC was scored based on file information from 82 youth who had been found guilty of sexual offences and referred to a treatment service in Queensland, Australia. The majority of the items possessed good inter-rater reliabilities and the two scales both possessed high inter-rater reliabilities. An existing JSO risk assessment instrument, the Juvenile Sex Offender Assessment Protocol Version 2 (J-SOAP-II; Prentky & Righthand, 2003), was also administered and the J-RAC possessed significant correlations with the majority of the J-SOAP-II scales. The J-RAC was also found to significantly discriminate between juveniles in detention and juveniles in the community, with those in detention found to be at higher risk on both scales. Thus, the reliability, convergent validity, and discriminant validity of the J-RAC was established. Consistent with current adult sex offender recidivism theory, the findings demonstrated the distinct roles of sexual deviance and antisocial orientation in the prediction of sexual and non-sexual recidivism of JSOs, respectively. The current thesis goes some way towards advancing a theory of juvenile sex offender recidivism by drawing upon the variables that emerged as reliable risk factors in the two meta-analyses. While the J-RAC could not yet be considered an actuarial instrument capable of assigning low, medium and high risk levels, the results of the research conducted in this thesis are encouraging. The utility of the J-RAC may be further enhanced through the aid of prospective research that incorporates substantial numbers of juvenile recidivists.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Psychology
Full Text

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Hall, Kelcey L., Jill D. Stinson i Victoria Wells. "Experiences of Childhood Adversity and Environmental Responsiveness to Trauma in Juvenile Sex Offenders in Residential Treatment". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7958.

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Early exposure to abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction is linked to long-term detrimental effects on mental and physical health. Most research examines community adult samples, which do not adequately describe the experiences of youths involved with child protection, social service agencies, and the criminal justice system. Research regarding the effect of cumulative adversity on sex offending youths is needed to inform treatment and responses to abuse, maltreatment, and household dysfunction in their early development. We also know little regarding how other factors – such as environmental responsiveness, availability of health care services, and regional or area differences in exposure to adversity – affect such outcomes. Our current study investigates the prevalence of childhood trauma and maltreatment using the Adverse Childhood Experience (ACE) survey in a sample of juvenile sex offenders in residential treatment. Important research questions include: 1) rates of maltreatment, violence exposure, and familial dysfunction in these youths; 2) frequency of placement in foster care, prior residential treatment, or other out-of-home placements and the relationship of childhood adversity and/or aggressive behavior by the juvenile; and 3) rates of childhood adversity, length of exposure, and environmental responsiveness to trauma as the result of rural vs. urban origin of the youth. We are currently collecting data from archival records of male adolescents who have received residential care and sexual offender treatment at a youth treatment center since the facility’s start in 2003. The expected participant pool includes approximately 500 juveniles referred for residential sex offender treatment for periods ranging from six months to three years. Data collection began in November 2014, and our current preliminary subsample (n = 30) is approximately 6.7% of the anticipated total. These participants are primarily White (9.67%) with a mean age of 14.77 years old (SD=1.43) at admission. Data collection is ongoing, and we expect to have 40-45% of data collection (est. n = 200) completed by October 2015. Our findings thus far suggest that these juveniles have experienced higher rates of adverse childhood experiences than the general adult population, as reported in the literature. All 30 sampled have experienced at least one adverse event, and over 86% experienced four or more adversities (see Table 1). The average first out-of-home placement occurred at 9.5 years of age, with an average of 5.87 years spent in out-of-home placements prior to admission to the treatment facility. Preliminary statistics indicate differences in rates of adversities between metropolitan areas, non-core urban population areas, and rural areas using the rural-urban continuum codes outlined by the U.S.

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Asher, Jeff A. "Dirty Work and Courtesy Stigma: Stigma Management Techniques among Professionals who Work with Juvenile Sex Offenders". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1416570411.

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Sitney, Miranda. "The Role of Caregiver Disruption in the Development of Juvenile Sexual Offenders". PDXScholar, 2018. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4474.

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In the last decade, it has been recognized that juveniles commit as much as 20% of all sexual offenses in the United States (DOJ, 2004). Research that attempts to understand why young people commit sex crimes points to an array of family factors that may uniquely contribute to the development of sexual offending over and above general juvenile delinquency. This study specifically examines disrupted caregiving, or receiving insufficient or substitute care, as a potential moderator in the relationship between offense status and caregiver-child relationship quality. Four distinct moderators were tested: gender of caregiver, biological relationship between caregiver and child, number of times the youth has changed caregivers, and child maltreatment history. Results indicate that juvenile sexual offenders have particularly poor relationships with their primary caregivers, and that caregiver gender, biological relationship between caregiver and child, and child maltreatment history act as moderators. Thus, while juvenile sexual offenders in general have poor relationships with their caregivers, those with male caregivers and those who have experienced physical abuse, sexual abuse, and neglect, have relationships that are even worse. In contrast, sexual offenders raised by non-biological caregivers showed better relationship quality than did youth raised by their biological parents. These findings suggest opportunities for early intervention, before caregiving is disrupted. Furthermore, additional supports may be offered to youth whose family structures suggest that they may be at increased risk.

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Stewart, Kelly E. "Preventing Child Sexual Abuse and Juvenile Offending Through Parental Monitoring". PDXScholar, 2019. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4982.

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In this dissertation, I present three manuscripts to investigate the prevention of a range of crimes committed against, and by, youth, using parental monitoring or guardianship. In the first paper, I tested whether the routine activities of juvenile sexual offenders (JSOs) and their victims' caregivers was associated with the JSO being placed into a supervisory role, and whether subgroup differences existed in the use of modus operandi strategies between JSO supervisors and non-supervisors (Chapter II). Findings indicated that parents' need for childcare assistance predicted JSO supervisor status more strongly than perpetrators efforts to get the child alone or disruptions to parents' lives. Furthermore, JSOs acting as a temporary caregiver to the child they abused was associated with more frequent use of modus operandi strategies overall and more frequent use of bribes and enticements to gain their victims' compliance. There were no differences between JSO supervisors and non-supervisors on the threats and coercion modus operandi (MO) subscale, and moderators between JSO supervisor status and strategic grooming strategies were not found to be significantly related. The second paper used a series of MANCOVAs to investigate whether differences in parental monitoring exist between JSOs, Juvenile Delinquent (JDs) nonsexual offenders, and non-offending Juvenile Controls (JCs; Chapter III). Findings suggest that JSOs report lower parental knowledge, parental solicitation, and parental control, compared to JCs, but for certain items, they report higher levels of all three compared to JDs. They also differed from JDs such that they reported lower levels of perceived parental monitoring. Finally, the third study focused on the development of a quantitative scale measuring technology-based parental monitoring (Chapter IV). The resulting measure will help future researchers determine whether parents' engagement with different forms of technology to communicate with their youth leads to differential outcomes for those youth, such as decreased delinquency and victimization. In sum, the first study investigates how JSOs end up in supervisory roles, and how their MO differs from non-supervisors, the second study looks at differences in parental monitoring between JSOs, juvenile non-sexual offenders, and community controls, and the third study described the development of a measure of technology-based parental monitoring. This dissertation is the first to apply both psychological and criminological perspectives to the prevention of youth offending and victimization through monitoring and other related concepts.

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Wells, Victoria K., Kelcey L. Hall i Jill D. Stinson. "Prevalence of Early Childhood Abuse and Familial Dysfunction in Juvenile Sex Offenders in Rural and Urban Tennessee". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7965.

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The prevalence of adversities in early childhood, such as physical, sexual, and emotional abuse, as well as familial dysfunction (e.g., caregiver divorce/separation, caregiver incarceration, etc.) is often examined in community adult samples. According to the Kaiser Permanente’s Adverse Childhood Experiences study, 10.6% of the general population reported experiencing emotional abuse in childhood, 28.3% reported experiencing physical abuse in childhood, and 20.7% reported being the victim of sexual abuse in childhood. Notably, many reported experiencing multiple forms of abuse. These statistics, however, are not generalizable to the experiences of youths involved with the criminal justice system, which are understudied but likely higher than in a general community sample. Research regarding the effect of adversity on sex offending youths is necessary to inform treatment and responses to abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction during childhood. Participants were recruited from archival data gathered at a rural residential juvenile sex offender treatment facility. Our preliminary subsample is approximately 6.7% (n = 30) of the anticipated total of approximately 500 juveniles in the residential sex offender treatment program. Our sample was entirely male (100%), primarily white (96.7%), and had a mean age of 14.77 (SD=1.43) at the time of admission. Using the rural-urban continuum codes outline by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, 23% of our current sample was admitted to the facility from metropolitan areas, 20% from non-core urban population areas, and 3.3% from rural areas. The data collection began in November of 2014, and is ongoing. We can expect to have approximately 10 to 15% of data collection (n = 50-75) by April 2015. Our findings, thus far, indicate that 43% of juvenile sex offenders experienced emotional abuse, 70% experienced physical abuse, and 63% experienced sexual abuse in early childhood. We have also found that approximately 87% of our sample experienced caregiver divorce or separation, and 40% experienced caregiver incarceration during childhood. These findings suggest that these juveniles have experienced higher rates of early childhood abuse and familial dysfunction than the general adult population, as reported in the literature. As data collection proceeds, we expect to continue to find a notably higher rate of childhood abuse and familial dysfunction among juvenile sex offenders in residential treatment compared to the general population, and we will continue to examine all potential differences between juveniles from rural and urban areas.

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Byrne, Sheila M. "Treatment efficacy of a juvenile sexual offender treatment program". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0031/MQ47442.pdf.

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Nelligan, Kerry Elizabeth. "Trauma, Deviant Sexual Arousal, and Sexual Aggression in Adolescent Male Sexual Offenders". Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1377251923.

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Venable, Victoria M. "Tell Me How You Really Feel: The Attitudes of the African American Church Toward African American Juvenile Sex Offenders". The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1336700724.

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Stewart, Kelly E. "Investigating the Relationship Between Supervisor Status and the Modus Operandi of Juvenile Sexual Offenders: a Routine Activity Theory Perspective". PDXScholar, 2017. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3469.

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A significant proportion of child sexual abuse perpetration is committed by juvenile sexual offenders (JSOs), a subgroup of offenders whose patterns of offending, or "modus operandi," have been found to be markedly different compared to their adult counterparts (Kaufman et al., 1996; Kaufman et al., 1998). Many of these JSOs commit sexual abuse perpetration while acting as a babysitter, or a temporary supervisor to their victim. The present study investigates the routine activities of JSOs and their victims’ caregivers that are associated with the JSO being placed into a supervisory role. The study also investigates subgroup differences in the use of modus operandi strategies between JSO supervisors and non-supervisors. Data from this study included 370 JSO participants from four states. Results indicated that parents needs for childcare assistance predicts JSO supervisor status over perpetrators efforts to get the child alone and disruptions to parents lives. Furthermore, JSO acting as a supervisor was associated with more frequent use of modus operandi strategies overall and more frequent use of bribes and enticements to gain their victim’s compliance. There were no differences between JSO supervisors and non-supervisors on the threats and coercion subscale. Finally, no victim characteristics, JSO characteristics, or disruptions to parents lives, significantly moderated the relationship between JSO supervisor status and strategic grooming. Findings have important implications for research and policy related to child sexual abuse prevention and intervention.

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Brown, Adam. "Understanding male juvenile sexual offenders : an investigation of experiences and internalized masculinity : a project based upon an independent investigation /". View online, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10090/5870.

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Scherbinski, Michael D. "Parental behavior and the distinction between sexual and nonsexual delinquency /". Connect to CIFA website:, 2007. http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/pdwerner/cifa1.htm.

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McCrady, Fara Elaine. "Empathy and the adolescent sexual offender an examination of the specificity of empathy deficits and the relationship between empathy and distorted thought /". Connect to this title online, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1116814427.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 63 p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 46-49). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center

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Cortoni, Franca A. "The relationship between attachment styles, coping, the use of sex as a coping strategy, and juvenile sexual history in sexual offenders". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0014/NQ31921.pdf.

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O'Sullivan, Debbie Lee. "Understanding why male juveniles perpetrate: An exploratory study". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2848.

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The purpose of this study was to gain an understanding of why social workers believe a male juvenile would commit a sexual abuse act toward another child and how this juvenile should be understood within the social services system and society. Social workers believe interventions are needed once the abuse has occurred.

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Lim, Ji-Young. "Multi-level model examinations of the relationship between family and peer risks and neighborhood settings the special attention to gender, ethnicity and the timing of onset for delinquency /". Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1150385488.

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Despres, Hillary B. "Three independent investigations on disclosure of childhood sexual abuse and psychological functioning, family and community violence, and trauma and non-sexual crime a project based upon an independent investigation /". Click here for text online. Smith College School for Social Work website, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10090/1030.

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Thesis (M.S.W.)--Smith College School for Social Work, Northampton, Mass., 2007
Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment for the degree of Master of Social Work. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 25-32, 54-62, 86-94).

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Hersant, Jamie L. "Risk assessment of juvenile sex offender reoffense /". Available to subscribers only, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1208144681&sid=8&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Sancho, Conde Tatiana. "Minoría de edad y delincuencia sexual: consecuencias jurídicas aplicables a menores que cometen delitos contra la libertad e indemnidad sexual". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/669895.

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Aquest treball aborda l'estudi de les conseqüències jurídiques aplicables als menors que cometen delictes contra la llibertat i indemnitat sexual, amb la finalitat de poder reflexionar sobre la necessitat, idoneïtat i efectes que aquestes provoquen, així com assolir els coneixements necessaris que ens habilitin a formular propostes de millora dels mecanismes jurídics. Amb aquesta finalitat, es considera necessari analitzar en primer lloc el coneixement científic actual sobre les conductes sexuals entre menors d'edat, a fi de determinar si els mecanismes disposats a la legislació espanyola per fer front a la delinqüència sexual s'adeqüen a la realitat social i son proporcionals amb la delinqüència d'aquesta naturalesa comesa per menors. Complert l'anterior objectiu, es realitza un anàlisis jurídic de les regulacions contemplades tant en la legislació penal con en la legislació de protecció a la infància i l'adolescència aplicables als menors d'edat que cometen il·lícits de naturalesa sexual. Atès que Espanya no ha estat un país pioner en la implementació d'aquests tipus de mesures, es considera necessari conèixer la realitat juridíca comparada en alguns països europeus del nostre entorn i països occidentals que han promulgat disposicions específiques aplicables als delinqüents sexuals. Finalment, es proposen aquelles reformes legislatives que es consideren necessàries per adequar l'actual regulació promulgada per combatre la delinqüència sexual a les especials circumstàncies i característiques dels menors que cometen aquest tipus de conductes.
El presente trabajo aborda el estudio de las consecuencias jurídicas aplicables a los menores que cometen delitos contra la libertad e indemnidad sexual, con la finalidad de poder reflexionar sobre la necesidad, idoneidad y efectos que provocan las mismas, así como adquirir los conocimientos necesarios que nos habiliten a formular propuestas de mejora de los mecanismos jurídicos. Con este fin, se considera necesario analizar en primer lugar el conocimiento científico actual sobre las conductas sexuales entre menores de edad, para determinar así si los mecanismos dispuestos en la legislación española para hacer frente a la delincuencia sexual se adecúan a la realidad social y son proporcionales con la delincuencia de esta naturaleza cometida por menores. Cumpliendo el anterior objetivo, se realiza un análisis jurídico de las regulaciones contempladas tanto en la legislación penal como en la legislación de protección a la infancia y la adolescencia aplicables a los menores que cometen ilícitos de naturaleza sexual. Dado que España no ha sido un país pionero en la implementación de este tipo de medidas, se considera necesario conocer la realidad jurídica comparada de algunos países europeos del entorno y países occidentales que han promulgado disposiciones específicas aplicables a los delincuentes sexuales. Finalmente, se proponen aquellas reformas legislastivas que se consideran necesarias para adecuar la actual regulación en la materia a las especiales circunstancias y características de los menores que cometen este tipo de conductas.
This doctoral thesis presents the study of the legal consequences that apply to juvenile sex offenders, in order to rhink about the necessary, appropriateness and the effects that they produce, as well as acquire the necessary knowledge to make proposals for improving the legal instruments. Fot that purpose, first is necessary to consider the scientific knowledge about sexual contact between minors with the aim to know if the mechanisms set out in the Spanish legislation to face the sexual delinquency reflects the current reality of our society and are proportionate to this kind of youth delinquency. Once the above goal, a legal analysis of the criminal legislation and the protection of children and young people legislation applicable to juvenile sex offenders is done. Since Spain has not been a pioneer in the implementation of such measures, it is also necessary to know the legal situation compared to some european countries in our environment and other western countries who have enacted specific legislation for sexual offenders. Finally, legislative reforms are proposed to adapt the current regulation to the minor's circumstances and characteristics.

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Knox, Lee Anna. "Attachment and Adolescent Offending: An Examination of the Links between Sexually Abusive Behavior and the Level of Attachment to Parents and Peers". PDXScholar, 2014. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1634.

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Child sexual abuse (CSA) is recognized as a public health problem with consequences affecting all levels of the ecological model. In recent years it has been recognized that up to 40% of reported sexual offenses occur at the hands of adolescent offenders (Burton, 2000), who are defined as children aged 12-18 years. In recent years, research has suggested that attachment deficits contribute to sexual offending behavior in adolescence. The current study augments the sparse research with adolescent offenders and by exploring of the participant's perceived attachment to important others (mother/mother figures, father/father figures, and peers/friends). Participants included 101 Juvenile sex offenders (JSO) and 97 Juvenile Delinquents (JD) detained in Oregon Youth Authority (OYA) facilities during the summer of 2010. Significant differences were found in adolescents' attachment to father/father figures in both overall attachment and a perceived degree of trust. Additionally JSO also showed a higher level of alienation from father/father figures and lower in overall perceived degree of trust with all important others. These findings may provide an opportunity for early intervention strategies, as well as support programs designed to strengthen or develop connections between adolescent offenders and positive male role models to enhance the effectiveness of juvenile sex offender treatment.

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