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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Juvenile justice”

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Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021

Data aktualizacji: 29 lipca 2024

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1

Vasan, Praveen. "“JUVENILE REHABILITATION” – JUVENILE JUSTICE SYSTEM". International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation 24, nr 04 (29.02.2020): 1253–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.37200/ijpr/v24i4/pr201096.

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Wolcott, David. "Juvenile Justice before Juvenile Court". Social Science History 27, nr 1 (2003): 109–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200012487.

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Progressive Era campaigns to establish juvenile courts maintained that police and criminal courts failed to distinguish between children and adults. They suggested that law enforcement agencies either sentenced juveniles as if they were adults, imposing excessive punishments, or let kids go, failing to discipline them and encouraging them to commit further crimes. However, this case study of juvenile arrests in turn-of-the-century Detroit indicates that, before the creation of juvenile court, criminal justice institutions had more complex interactions with delinquent youth than has been recognized previously. Boys typically were arrested for very different offenses than were adults, and the police and courts often segregated children and adolescents from the harshest elements of the criminal justice system. The police sought every opportunity to decide the outcome of juvenile arrests themselves, without a court hearing, particularly if boys had committed only status offenses such as truancy or if crime victims decided not to prosecute. When juveniles did appear in criminal courts, judges found ways to soften their experiences, rarely jailing younger boys and instead sentencing some to reform school for ostensible rehabilitation. After 1900, efforts to protect young offenders from criminal justice institutions expanded as specially assigned police officers increasingly sought to discipline delinquents prior to arrest and the courts introduced an unofficial form of probation. Rather than constituting a break from the past, the creation of Detroit’s juvenile court in 1907 mainly made official juvenile offenders’ growing separation from the criminal justice system.

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YI, ZOONIL. "An Idea for the Constitutional Juvenile Justice System". Korean Constitutional Law Association 28, nr 3 (30.09.2022): 191–235. http://dx.doi.org/10.35901/kjcl.2022.28.3.191.

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According to the Juvenile Act, which regulates the judicial system related to investigation, prosecution, or trial procedures targeting juvenile delinquency, ‘juvenile’ means a person under the age of 19, that is, a person of the age of 18 and lower. Since the Civil Act refers to a person of the age of 19 and higher as an ‘adult’ and a person under the age of 19 as a ‘minor’, a juvenile under the Juvenile Act and a minor under the Civil Act have the same meaning. Meanwhile, the Criminal Act stipulates that a person under the age of 14, that is, a person of the age of 13 and lower, is called a ‘criminal minor’ and should not be punished. The Juvenile Act categorizes ‘delinquent juveniles’ into criminal juveniles, juvenile delinquents, and juvenile at risk of committing a crime, and stipulates that only criminal juveniles can be subject to punishment or protective measures, while juvenile delinquents and juveniles at risk of committing a crime can only be subject to protective measures. There are 10 types of protective measures under the Juvenile Act, but it is argued that the upper limit of the age for juvenile delinquent between the ages of 10 and 13, to which only protective measures can be imposed, should be lowered to expand the scope of criminal juveniles subject to punishment. Similarly, it is argued that the related regulations should be repealed because protective measures are imposed only on the grounds of the risk of crime even though there is no fact of violating the Penal Code for juveniles between the ages of 10 and 18 who can be subject to protective measures. Legal issues related to juvenile delinquents should be discussed from the perspective of the principle of proportionality of responsibility and punishment, the duty to protect constitutional rights and the principle of prohibition of excessively deficient protection, and the principle of equality and proportionality. And legal issues related to juvenile at risk of committing a crime should be discussed in terms of the principle of clarity and equality.

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Brown, Waln K., Timothy P. Miller, Richard L. Jenkins i Warren A. Rhodes. "The Human Costs of “Giving the Kid Another Chance”". International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 35, nr 4 (grudzień 1991): 296–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x9103500403.

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This study is based on a 10- to 25-year follow-up of 500 randomly selected cases of juveniles adjudicated delinquent in the juvenile court of Dauphin County, Pennsylvania. Of 243 juveniles adjudicated delinquent in juvenile court on their first referral to juvenile justice, 20% went on to adult prison after the age of 18. Of 233 juveniles not taken to juvenile court on their first referral to juvenile justice, 43% were imprisoned in adult life after the age of 18. Early referral to the juvenile court of juveniles who commit delinquent acts appears to greatly reduce the likelihood that these individuals will go on to prison in adult life.

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Singer, Simon I. "The Automatic Waiver of Juveniles and Substantive Justice". Crime & Delinquency 39, nr 2 (kwiecień 1993): 253–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128793039002009.

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Legislative waiver bypasses juvenile court and juvenile justice officials by initially transferring jurisdiction over juveniles arrested for serious offenses to criminal court. Supporters of legislative waiver argue that the exclusion of offense categories from juvenile court jurisdiction best meets the punishment-oriented objectives of waiver. However, a logistic regression analysis of case processing decisions in a state with automatic transfer provisions revealed that juvenile offenders from single-parent households were more likely to face a grand jury indictment than juveniles from dual-parent households.

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Ezeihuoma, Obinna Paschal, i Genevieve Chimaoge Ebulum. "The Incarceration of Juvenile Delinquents with Adult Offenders in Nigeria: Any Criminogenic and Developmental Needs". Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 10, nr 5 (27.05.2023): 131–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.105.14697.

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Over a century ago, the establishment and subsequent development of juvenile justice system presented a paradigm shift in handling of juvenile offenders. Some of the reforms brought out required changes to the level it is today, like enthronement of the rights of the juvenile through various landmark supreme court decisions in America (Marion & Oliver, 2012; Mallett & Tedor, 2019). Some other “major reform efforts in juvenile justice have focused on reducing the use of detention and secure confinement; improving conditions of confinement; closing large institutions and reinvesting in community-based programs; providing high-quality, evidence-based services for youth in the juvenile justice system; reducing racial/ethnic disparities; retaining most offending juveniles in the juvenile justice system rather than transferring them to the criminal justice system; improving delivery of defense services; and developing system-wide juvenile justice planning and collaboration” (National Academies of Sciences, 2013, p.241).

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Saeed, Muhammad Arif, Sara Amin i Dr Muhammad Imran. "Juvenile Justice System Implications and Overview of Resolved Cases in Punjab, Pakistan". Journal of Law & Social Studies 4, nr 1 (31.03.2022): 98–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.52279/jlss.04.01.98112.

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The juvenile justice system has been designed to protect the juveniles' rights to avoid sentencing like adults, especially the death sentences. The current study analyses the practical implication and overview of the resolved cases under the juvenile justice system Act 2018 and juvenile justice system ordinance 2000.It is qualitative exploratory research that goes through the content analysis of case laws based on the different crimes; having weapon, attempt to murder, possession of narcotics, rape cases, accused treatment as an adult offender, dispute of age and birth certification, dispute on sentencing the accused base on the age factor. It is found that in various cases, the juveniles have been released on bail after the approval of their age less than sixteen years. The study finds that the juvenile justice system Act 2018 and juvenile justice system ordinance 2000 are significant to protect the children's rights and prevent them from being addicted and professional criminals due to their physical and psychological protection from the jail environment. It concludes that such acts are necessary to providethe juveniles a platform to prove themselves innocent, indulging the age factor and preventing them from the evil influence of rigid and predetermined punishments of their intentional and unintentional committed crimes. The study suggests that policymakers consider the practical stances of the law implementation in the field before introducing the complete law at ground level. This research will be useful for the lawenforcing agencies, policymakers and academicians to have rich insight into the juvenile justice system Act 2018, Juvenile Justice System Ordinance 2000 and its practicality.

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Ulum, Miftahul, i Wildani Hefni. "Supremasi Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak di Indonesia". Al-Jinayah Jurnal Hukum Pidana Islam 5, nr 1 (1.06.2019): 232–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.15642/aj.2019.5.1.232-264.

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The criminal justice system of Juvenile has not have an obvious regulation yet. It neither formulated the legal criminal action of material. The legal formal in Juvenile Criminal Justice System has been interdependently it doubts the certainty of law as well. It does not have an equal perception of paradigm among the legal officers. The judges just consider the civil law system instead of the substantial justice for juveniles. The juvenile justice system in Indonesia does not yet have a clear legal substance, the juvenile justice law and the juvenile justice system do not formulate clear materials, the statutory law in the juvenile justice process still requires interdependence and obscures the value of legal certainty. There has not been a strong perception and equality of paradigms in the circles of legal freedom (Investigators, Public Prosecutors, Judges, Avocados and Implementers of Criminal Decisions in Children's Prison) in the discussion of correct child law. The lack of infrastructure in the juvenile justice process is also a legal problem. Enforcement of juvenile justice is still shackled by the debate on the civil law system which is more oriented to legal certainty over the value of substantive justice. The justice paradigm is still highlighted in the normative juridical aspects of the sociological juridical. The Integrated Criminal Justice System is not going well. Infra structure of children which is still not feasible. There is no clear philosophical foundation in the juvenile justice process.

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Park, Ho-Hyun. "Action plan for juvenile justice: Focusing on Disposal No. 6". Korean Society of Private Security 23, nr 2 (30.06.2024): 31–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.56603/jksps.2024.23.2.31.

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The Juvenile Act is based on juvenile protectionism by being stated that it aims to help that juveniles grow soundly by doing necessary measures such as protective measures to adjust the environmental adjustment and correct behavior of juvenile offenders with anti-social behavior as well as special measures of criminal punishment on Article 1 of the Act. In addition, the Act establishes the role and function of government through the ‘Parens patriae(parent patriot)’ for juveniles in order to avoid treating them as adults in the criminal punishment. The reason why this ideological value is contanined in the Juvenile Act is because juveniles are less physically and mentally mature than adults and can quickly reflect on individual wrongdoings. In particular, the Juvenile Act, since its enactment in 1958, has been amended four times in 1963, 1977, 1988, and 2007 to resolve the substantive and procedural problems in the Act under the goal of having juvenile offenders go back to society through the edification and correction. However, it is also true that juvenile crimes and violent crimes are not decreasing, and that they tend to become more ferocious and cruel, even compared to adult crimes. As a result, this is also the reason of being claimed for the abolition of the Juvenile Act and lowering the age of juvenile protection in the Act. However, those claims cannot be the only way to solve juvenile crimes and violent crimes. Therefore, within the basic framework of juvenile protectionism contained in the Juvenile Act, measures must be prepared to solve juvenile crimes and violent crimes. This point of view, this study aims to find the solutions of the problems to juvenile protective disposition which has the normative and factual issues. In particular, it will find the meaning and value of disposal No. 6 that is protection disposition, entrusting custody to a child welfare facility or other juvenile protection facility under the Child Welfare Act, and the problems with disposal No. 6 in the Juvenile Act, furthemore, it will focus on presenting political measures to reduce the problems of disposal No. 6 in the Act Juveniles must not simply be objects of punishment or stigma. Government has to establish institutional system in other that juveniles can grow properly as citizens of the country. This institutional system should be able to make juvenile protection measures fulfill its role through human and financial support for preventing second conviction of juvenile offenders.

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Çoban, S. "Juvenile Justice System in Turkey". International Journal of Social Science and Humanity 6, nr 5 (maj 2016): 351–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijssh.2016.v6.671.

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Sudharshan, Vijay, i Darshan V. "Juvenile Justice Act - An Overview". International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-2, Issue-5 (31.08.2018): 1914–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd18199.

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Collins, Angela M., i Maisha Cooper. "Juvenile Waivers as a Mechanism in the Erosion of the Juvenile Justice System". Social Sciences 13, nr 7 (11.07.2024): 367. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci13070367.

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This paper discusses how juvenile waiver policies may be leading to a reduction in the rehabilitative nature of the juvenile justice system. The first section discusses the value of the juvenile justice system. Here, the beginning of the juvenile justice system and why the juvenile justice system is important will be summarized. The second section explains the movement that is being made toward a more punitive approach in regard to juvenile delinquents and how this could lead to the erosion of the juvenile justice system. Next is a discussion of how waivers play a part in the erosion and how their continued use could prove very dangerous for the juvenile justice system. The next section will look at the implications of the erosion and what could potentially happen if we lost the juvenile system. Last, there will be a glance at possibilities for the future, along with suggestions on how to improve the use of waivers. Overall, this paper will show that the use of juvenile waivers may be leading the United States away from a rehabilitative system for juveniles to a smaller version of an adult criminal court.

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Bode, Jola. "Juvenile Punishment System in View of the Need for Education and Reintegration". European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 5, nr 3 (25.09.2019): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejis.v5i3.p21-29.

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Due to age and development stage, juveniles enjoy a special status in relation to adult persons. The status as a juvenile in the criminal field raises the request for treatment in accordance with the physical-psychic characteristics of the juvenile and his educational needs. The punishment system is an important component of the criminal justice system for juveniles. As such, it must respond to requests for a special treatment consistent with the personality of juveniles and individual education needs. This system should be oriented towards the goal of education and rehabilitation of the juvenile. In accordance with the international standards of juvenile justice and contemporary legislation, the Criminal Code of the Republic of Albania (CC) has sanctioned a number of rules that allow for special treatment for juveniles in the area of the punishment system. Despite the positive aspects, the provisions of the Code were insufficient in view of the requirements of international standards and the need for education and reintegration. The legal reform which also included the criminal justice system for juveniles brought a number of changes in the area of juvenile punishment system too. With the entry into force of the Juvenile Criminal Code (JCC) it was possible to establish a special and autonomous system of penalties applicable to juvenile offenders. The implementation of this system serves a friendly juvenile justice aimed at avoiding the negative effects of imprisonment and tends towards social rehabilitation and reintegration. This study discusses the novelties brought by JCC in terms of the meaning, classification and determination of juvenile sentence system and it will be reflected in relation to the challenges of the effective implementation of the provisions relating to the punishment system. Conclusions will also be drawn regarding the compliance of this system with the request for special treatment of juvenile perpetrators and the need for integration and reintegration.

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Hirschi, Travis, i Michael Gottfredson. "Rethinking the Juvenile Justice System". Crime & Delinquency 39, nr 2 (kwiecień 1993): 262–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128793039002010.

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Crime is the product of the confluence of individuals low on self-control and appropriate opportunities. The likelihood of crime varies continuously with age, but the meaning of criminal acts does not depend on the age of the offender. Distinctions based on age are thus arbitrary, and probably cause more trouble than they are worth. Special treatment of juveniles is based on an erroneous image of developmental sequences, and misrepresents differences between juvenile and adult crime. We argue that one justice system would be better than two, and that of the models currently available, the juvenile system seems preferable to the adult.

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Benekos, Peter J., i Alida V. Merlo. "Juvenile Justice". Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice 6, nr 1 (styczeń 2008): 28–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541204007308423.

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Brookman, Monica. "Juvenile Justice". Journal of Ambulatory Care Management 26, nr 1 (styczeń 2003): 91–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004479-200301000-00010.

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Hinton, W. Jeff, Patricia L. Sims, Mary Ann Adams i Charles West. "Juvenile Justice". Criminal Justice Policy Review 18, nr 4 (grudzień 2007): 466–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0887403407304578.

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Franjic, Sinisa. "Juvenile Justice". Journal of Law and Judicial System 2, nr 2 (2019): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.22259/2637-5893.0202005.

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Sharma, Suhail. "Juvenile Justice System, Reforms and Policing System in India: Origin, Dialectics, Comparisons, and Way Forward". International Annals of Criminology 59, nr 2 (listopad 2021): 179–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cri.2021.17.

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AbstractThis article studies the juvenile justice system in juxtaposition to policing in India. To start with, it conducts a comprehensive data analysis of juvenile crimes in India in the last two decades. The author conducted a study involving 400 juveniles in conflict with the law through “Disha,” a project in juvenile re-entry systems. It further marshals the incidences based on social parameters like education, age, and family. Here, the paper impresses upon the “heinousness factor” of the crimes to evaluate the law and institutional response. The article examines the growth of the legal framework on juvenile justice in India and the causal determinants which may have driven its increase. It also scrutinizes the policing systems as far as the legal framework on juvenile justice makes them responsible. It delves deeply into the interactions between juvenile justice and police systems at the institutional and procedural levels. It conducts a detailed inquiry into the international legal framework of juvenile justice systems. Here, it studies such systems in the Americas, Europe, and Asia to suggest the way forward for a transparent, robust and sensitive juvenile justice system in India.

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Abbas, Hafiz Ghulam, Anser Mahmood Chughtai i Khalid Hussain. "Juvenile Justice System in Pakistan: A Critical Appraisal". International Research Journal of Education and Innovation 3, nr 1 (31.03.2022): 76–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.53575/irjei.v3.01.8(22)76-92.

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This research delineates the concept of Juvenile Delinquency and unfurls the rudimentary underpinnings, requisites and contours of the Juvenile Justice System in Pakistan. In the second half of 20th century, the concern for protection of best interest of juveniles has attracted attention under international conventions and national legislation, whose overarching and overriding aim is to deal and manage this crucial issue of juvenile delinquency while keeping in view the ‘best interests of the child’ and ‘safeguard of their fundamental rights’. However, unfortunately some basic shortcomings persist in the overall Criminal Justice System of Pakistan to which Juvenile Justice System is a part, inter alia, overcrowding and inhuman conditions of detention centers, incapacitated staff of the prisons, callousness, abuse and exploitation at the hands of police, pathetic prosecution system and an overwhelmed judicial system whose eventualities culminate in problems for pre-trial offenders awaiting their trials, a fragile probation and parole system and lack of other diversionary measures to detention that can help reduce a great chunk of prisoners from already brimmed prisons. Juvenile Justice System particularly focuses upon not bringing the juvenile offenders encounter formal Criminal Justice System rather puts emphasis on alternate measures for the rehabilitation, re-socialization, and re-integration of the juveniles into the society. This research elaborately seeks to highlight the issues surrounding Juvenile Justice System in Pakistan and puts forward certain recommendations for the improvement of the said System with the aim of assisting policy and law makers to establish practicable strategies, translating Juvenile Justice System ‘on paper’ to ‘in practice’. For conduct of research doctrinal method has been employed with analytical and critical approach.

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Burdina, Tetiana. "INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS OF THE PROCEDURE FOR APPLICATION OF DISCIPLINARY INFLUENCE MEASURES TO JUVENILE PRISONERS". Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Law 73, nr 73 (30.11.2021): 131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vla.2021.73.131.

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The article examines the international legal standards of the procedure, particularly the rules and conditions, for the application of disciplinary influence measures to the juveniles sentenced to imprisonment. The author analyzes the relevant provisions of a number of such standards, namely: United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners (the Nelson Mandela Rules) of 17.12.2015; European Prison Rules of 11.01.2006; Guidelines for Action on Children in the Criminal Justice System (The Vienna Guidelines) of 21.07.1997; Body of Principles for the Protection of All Persons under Any Form of Detention or Imprisonment of 09.12.1988; United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (The Beijing Rules) of 29.11.1985; United Nations Rules for the Protection of Juveniles Deprived of their Liberty (The Havana Rules) of 14.12.1990; The European Rules for juvenile offenders subject to sanctions or measures of 05.11.2008; Guidelines for child-friendly justice of 17.11.2010; Human rights in the administration of justice, including juvenile justice: Resolution 36/16 of 29.09.2017; Human Rights in the administration of justice: Resolution 75/185 of 16.12.2020; General comment No. 24 (2019) on children`s rights in the child justice system of 18.09.2019; Model Law on Juvenile Justice and Related Commentary: issued under the auspices of United Nations in 2013. The author finds out that the international standards for execution of punishment in the form of imprisonment of the juveniles pay special attention primarily to re-education, correction, social rehabilitation, readaptation as well as social reintegration of juvenile prisoners. The study reveals that the considered international legal acts focus, consequently, primarily on the educational impact of disciplinary measures, provide for an individual approach to juvenile prisoners, require the preservation of dignity and the welfare of juvenile prisoners, as well as enshrine the principle of proportionality of the applied measures in relation to the characteristics of the personality of a juvenile sentenced to imprisonment, and concerning to the circumstances and gravity of the offense committed by him/her. However, the author finds that the international standards, while defining a number of requirements for the application of sanctions, instead do not pay due attention to the incentives, which are mentioned only in the Nelson Mandela Rules and the European Rules for juvenile offenders

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Gatti, Uberto. "Les progrès et leurs effets pervers dans l’application de la justice des mineurs : une perspective comparative". Criminologie 26, nr 2 (16.08.2005): 103–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/017341ar.

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One of the most important developments in juvenile justice systems in the western countries over this century has been the 1970s crisis of the well established welfare model, a crisis based on the lack of rights in juvenile procedures, the ineffectiveness of treatment interventions and the failure to decrease delinquency in society. The reaction to this situation assumed different forms in different contexts, and showed numerous contradictions. In some countries the justice model, an adultisation of juvenile justice, became dominant; in other countries the «back to justice » movement was not accepted, and other models developed. In the actual organisation of juvenile justice some trends emerged : deinstitutionalisation, diversion and community alternatives to custody, the utilisation of private resources and volunteers inside a public network and bifurcation between serious and normal offenders. The crisis of the welfare model and critical aspects of the justice model for juveniles has stimulated experts and policy makers to search for new paradigms, such as, for exemple, delinquency management, reparation and mediation, which probably represent important elements of the future of juvenile justice systems.

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Arvind Kumar and Mridul Shukla. "Juvenile Delinquency and Justice". Knowledgeable Research: A Multidisciplinary Journal 2, nr 06 (29.01.2024): 28–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.57067/kr.v2i1.203.

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Juvenile delinquency in India is much less as compared to other developed countries, then the government has implemented necessary and appropriate acts for its prevention and has also established organized government and non-government institutions under which such law-disputed juveniles are given proper treatment. To be able to get protection and live a meaningful life in the future, the child is indeed as innocent and free from vices as he was in the beginning, if at that time he is carefully molded into a virtuous structure, and then his physical, mental, moral and spiritual attitudes will improve. There will be all-round development.

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Butts, Jeffrey A. "Necessarily Relative: Is Juvenile Justice Speedy Enough?" Crime & Delinquency 43, nr 1 (styczeń 1997): 3–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128797043001001.

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Despite 30 years of expanding procedural rights for juveniles, young offenders have not been provided with a constitutional right to a speedy trial. Yet concerns about timeliness are often equally pressing in the juvenile court. This study examines the timing of juvenile justice by analyzing delinquency case processing in nearly 400 jurisdictions. One fourth of all cases required 90 days or more to reach disposition—the maximum recommended by national standards. Processing time varied according to jurisdiction size, the rate of formal adjudications, and other characteristics of juvenile court caseloads.

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Moore, Eugene. "Juvenile Justice: The Nathaniel Abraham Murder Case". University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform, nr 41.1 (2007): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.36646/mjlr.41.1.juvenile.

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Once in a while, a case will come along that has such an enormous impact on the law that it is certain to draw attention. One such case was the Nathaniel Abraham murder case----a case involving the sentencing of a young eleven-year-old child in a system designed for older juvenile offenders, which demonstrated some of the novel and important issues facing the juvenile courts today. With the onset of such issues, the Juvenile Justice System has developed into a complex field of vital importance. Investing in the Juvenile Justice System allows us to invest in our future. Although frequently viewed as a social issue, rehabilitation of youthful offenders should become a goal for the legal profession as well as for members of the public. With proper education, training, and commitment to the field of juvenile justice, we can begin to preserve, protect, and improve our most precious assets-our youth.

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Smirnykh, Sergey E. "Juvenile Justice as a Guarantee for the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency". Issues of juvenile justice 2 (10.06.2021): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/2072-3695-2021-2-20-23.

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The article deals with the issues of international legal cooperation in the sphere of juvenile justice as a guarantee of juvenile delinquency prevention. It is stated that one of the most important rights of children in the sphere of juvenile crime prevention is the right of children for protection from crime and its harmful consequences. The world community and individual states need to prevent children’s contact with criminals, who have a particularly negative impact on children, given their special needs related to their age and development. Prevention of juvenile delinquency should be aimed at preventing the involvement of juveniles in criminal activities. Juvenile justice is the most effective way to prevent juvenile delinquency.

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Li, Enshen, i Mingyue Su. "From Punishment to Control: Assessing Juvenile Diversion in China". Law & Social Inquiry 45, nr 2 (3.02.2020): 372–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/lsi.2019.70.

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China’s juvenile justice system has grown and changed substantially since the 1980s. While considerable research focuses on institutional treatment of juvenile delinquents, little attention has been paid to the diversion processes and measures that allow troubled juveniles to be directed away from the formal justice system. Through a comparison with juvenile justice in the United States, this article aims to investigate the development of the juvenile diversion framework in China. We argue that despite their similar efforts to divert juvenile delinquents from traditional court proceedings, in practice China’s diversionary arrangements diverge from those of their US counterparts. Unlike in the United States, Chinese juvenile diversion does not operate according to welfarist or restorative models. Rather, juvenile diversion in China is a managerialism-driven scheme that rests on two key pillars: institutional diversion, which imposes punishment and control on juvenile offenders pursuant to their level of offending and dangerousness, and noninstitutional diversion, which revolves around risk-based management and correction through community-level interventions. We conclude that China’s distinctive sociolegal culture and political priorities have shaped a practice that appears to be at odds with the officially advertised narratives of the state’s juvenile justice policy.

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Bode, Jola. "Mediation in Juvenile Criminal Offenses - Albanian Case". European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 7, nr 1 (15.05.2021): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/916fyb59i.

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In the treatment of juvenile ofenders in modern systems, priority is being given to procedures aimed at reconciliation and mediation, damage repair and the implementation of alternative measures to restrict freedom. The entirety of such proceedings fall within the concept of restorative justice. Restorative justice is of particular importance in the treatment of juveniles by the criminal justice system, as its main purpose is not to punish the perpetrator but to find methods that promote reintegration into society. One of the mechanisms that underpins restorative justice for juveniles that guarantees the success of education and reintegration in society is mediation in criminal conflicts. The mediation aims to engage the perpetrator in repairing the damage caused by the criminal offense as well as to restore reconciliation relations between the victim and the perpetrator. In this way, mediation procedures are of particular importance in the context of criminal law as they promote the values of dialogue and reconciliation in the way of conflict resolution and provide alternative solutions to criminal sanctions. In criminal cases involving juvenile offenders, the application of mediation procedures brings a number of positive aspects as it serves the immediate rehabilitation and reintegration of the juvenile offender as the primary aim of juvenile justice. Implementation of the mediation alternative leads to a better understanding of legislation in this area as well as an increased awareness of enabling application as one of the forms of intervention against juvenile delinquency. Restorative justice is already part of the juvenile criminal legislation following the entry into force of the Juvenile Criminal Code, which brings a new perspective to the implementation of restorative procedures in accordance with the principle of protecting the best interest of the minor. The paper focuses on the role and importance of mediation procedures and their sanctioning in Albanian legislation. The paper will analyze albanian mediation legislation as a positive achievement in the context of promoting the process of restorative justice in juvenile matters. Conclusions will be drawn and recommendations will be identified regarding deficiencies in legal regulations as well as the practical implementation of mediation procedures for juveniles.

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Singh, Vanshika. "Role of Juvenile Justice System in India". Journal of Legal Subjects, nr 25 (3.09.2022): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.55529/jls.25.1.4.

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India is a country where children are treated as the asset of parents and also the asset of nation. Therefore, it is the responsibility of both parents and the government to have a firm hand on the youth of the country. It is necessary for nation- building and the development of nation. A person is not an offender by birth. The person acquire through the conduct or experiences through his life. So it is needed to prevent them for committing crimes. A delinquent juvenile cannot be sentenced to imprisionment. There are both pros and cons of Juvenile justice system in India. There are many leading factors to juvenile delinquency, in which one of the basic is ‘Violence in their Social Circles.’ In 2009 after the case Hari Ram v. State of Rajasthan & Anr., the court held that all persons who were below the age of 18 years on the date of commission of the offence even before the enforcement of Juvenile Justice (JJ) Act, 2000, would be treated as juveniles. The paper help us understand the concept of Juvenile Justice System in India and the need of it. The researcher used an analytical approach to understand different provisions of the JJ Act, 2000 to prevent the youth by providing care, protection, treatment, development and rehabilitation to neglected or delinquent juveniles.

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Scardaccione, Gilda. "Drug Addiction and Juvenile Justice". Journal of Drug Issues 24, nr 4 (październik 1994): 687–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204269402400410.

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Drug abuse in juveniles is a complex juridical matter. There is neither specific legislation enacted nor special therapeutic programs for deviant populations of this age. Statistics are limited to drug addicts who have been involved with state agencies, such as administrative, judicial or police departments. In recent years some reforms have been enacted, especially for procedural aspects of the trial. Legislation now in force offers opportunities for alternative dispositions for juvenile drug addicts, including educational programs under the supervision of social service agencies. This situation can be improved further by better coordination between drug abuse legislation and juridical norms concerning the procedural phase of the trial. The problem of juveniles and drug abuse, especially when organized crime is involved, has distinctive characteristics which require different control strategies. Peer group influences seem to be the primary psychological dynamic motivating adolescent drug abuse.

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Gallagher, Catherine A., i Adam Dobrin. "Risk of Suicide in Juvenile Justice Facilities". Criminal Justice and Behavior 34, nr 10 (październik 2007): 1362–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854807302177.

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Two recent publications have reported vastly different rates of suicide in juvenile-justice residential facilities using the same data. Similarly, divergent rates were calculated on juvenile suicides while in custody using the same data in the 1980s. Using data from the Juvenile Residential Facility Census and the Census of Juveniles in Residential Placement, this article demonstrates the underlying differences in the suicide rate calculations by drawing on the historical and epidemiological literature. It highlights the arithmetical relationships between the rates and suggests which methods are best depending on the purpose of the exercise. Facility administrators may find beds-based rates more meaningful for comparisons on rates of suicide across facilities, whereas mental health professionals may prefer person-based rates to describe the risk of suicide in the juvenile justice population.

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Moreira, Nelson Camatta, Lara Ferreira Lorenzoni, Douglas Luis Binda Filho i Letícia Pereira Lemos. "JUSTIÇA JUVENIL - DA PUNIÇÃO À RESTAURAÇÃO: CAMINHOS PARA A IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DA JUSTIÇA RESTAURATIVA A SITUAÇÕES DE ADOLESCENTES EM CONFLITO COM A LEI NO BRASIL / JUVENILE JUSTICE - FROM PUNISHMENT TO RESTORATION: WAYS TO IMPLEMENT RESTORATIVE JUSTICE IN SITUATIONS OF ADOLESCENTS IN CONFLICT WITH THE LAW IN BRAZIL". RFD- Revista da Faculdade de Direito da UERJ, nr 42 (11.06.2023): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.12957/rfd.2023.61714.

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Resumo: Apesar de avanços conquistados no Sistema de Justiça Juvenil, ainda persistem marcas retributivas e compensatórias muito fortes que pouco contribuem para a efetiva ressocialização do jovem em conflito com a lei. O presente estudo, por meio de pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, com investigação bibliográfica e documental, valendo-se do método hermenêutico-fenomenológico, investiga em quais pontos a abordagem da Justiça Restaurativa pode melhorar o tratamento dado aos menores infratores no contexto brasileiro. Em um primeiro momento, são analisadas as categorias ato infracional, medidas socioeducativas e remissão. Em seguida, exploram-se as possibilidades da Justiça Restaurativa no âmbito da Justiça Juvenil brasileira, a fim de compreender em que esse sistema efetivamente influencia no tratamento de menores infratores. Conclui-se que a Justiça Restaurativa Juvenil é um campo de potencialidades para o desenvolvimento de uma solução que atenda melhor tanto as vítimas quanto os menores infratores e a comunidade.Palavras-chave: Sistema de Justiça Juvenil; Justiça Restaurativa; Adolescente em conflito com a lei. Abstract: Despite the advances achieved in the Juvenile Justice System, there are still very strong retributive and compensatory marks that contribute little to the effective resocialization of young people in conflict with the law. The present article, through qualitative research, employing bibliographical and documental investigation, and adopting the hermeneutic phenomenological method, investigates in which points the Restorative Justice approach can improve the treatment given to minor offenders in the Brazilian context. Primarily, the categories infraction, socio-educational measures and remission are analyzed. Subsequently, the possibilities of Restorative Justice within the scope of the Brazilian Juvenile Justice are explored, in order to understand how this system effectively contributes to the treatment of juvenile offenders. It is concluded that Restorative Juvenile Justice is a field of potential for the development of a solution that better serves both victims, minor offenders and the community.Keywords: Juvenile Justice System; Restorative Justice; Adolescents in conflict with the law.

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Oduor, Alfonce James, i Vivian Moraa Nyaata. "To uncover instances of abuse of juveniles in the juvenile justice system". Journal of Law and Jurisprudence (JLJ) 1, nr 1 (7.11.2022): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.51317/jlj.v1i1.306.

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This study explores instances of abuse of juveniles in the juvenile justice system. Children in conflict with the law are protected under various legislations both domestically, regionally and internationally which provides for their rights within the administration of justice. However, Kenya’s legal framework has not adequately protected juveniles who come into contact with the law as is a requirement. The research has been made on the assumptions that there are gaps in juvenile laws. There are also specific instances of juvenile abuse within the juvenile justice system. The study was based on desktop research method where both primary and secondary sources of information have been utilised. The study revealed that children in conflict with the Law faces a number of human rights abuses and violations at various stages once they come into contact with the law and this is counterproductive to the international requirements, objectives and standards of an efficient. The study recommends that there should be a special police unit, trained on how to deal with children in conflict with the Law to reduce cases of police brutality and violence against juveniles. The study also recommends that further research should be done on the topic.

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Zainuddin, Zainuddin, i Azwad Rachmat Hambali. "Implementation of Diversion for Children in Conflict with the Law by the National Police of Indonesia". European Journal of Law and Political Science 2, nr 6 (20.11.2023): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejpolitics.2023.2.6.112.

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This research explores the execution of diversion for juveniles in conflict with the law by the Indonesian National Police. Analyzing and evaluating the Indonesian justice system’s regulation of the safeguarding of children who are in conflict with the law and diversion as an aspect of safeguarding children constitutes normative research. Statutory and conceptual approaches are utilized throughout the investigation. Restorative justice is a component of the police’s strategy to combat crime on the ground, according to the findings of this study. The fundamental concept of diversion in juvenile restorative justice is the transfer of cases involving juveniles from the criminal justice process to an impartial process outside of the judicial system, with an emphasis on restoring the original situation as opposed to punishment. Consequently, the application of diversion in restoration justice in the system for juvenile offenders is less effective in the police.

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35

Schwartz, Ira M., Shenyang Guo i John J. Kerbs. "The Impact of Demographic Variables on Public Opinion Regarding Juvenile Justice: Implications for Public Policy". Crime & Delinquency 39, nr 1 (styczeń 1993): 5–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128793039001002.

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This article examines data from a 1991 national public opinion survey on attitudes toward juvenile crime/justice. Specifically, it explores the relationship between demographic variables and opinions toward trying juveniles in adult courts, giving them adult sentences, and sentencing them to adult prisons. The findings indicate that a majority of typical respondents favor trying juveniles in adult courts for serious felonies. Additionally, punitive attitudes toward juveniles decrease up to a certain age, usually around 50, and then increase. Findings also show that African-American parents are more supportive of punitive juvenile justice policies than other racial/ethnic groups with and without children.

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36

Feld, Barry C., Barry Krisberg i James F. Austin. "Reinventing Juvenile Justice." Contemporary Sociology 23, nr 5 (wrzesień 1994): 710. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2074313.

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Ainsworth, Janet E., Susan Guarino-Ghezzi i Edward J. Loughran. "Balancing Juvenile Justice." Contemporary Sociology 26, nr 1 (styczeń 1997): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2076619.

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Hackler, Jim, Allison Morris i Henri Giller. "Understanding Juvenile Justice". Canadian Journal of Sociology / Cahiers canadiens de sociologie 14, nr 4 (1989): 545. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3340666.

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Denno, Deborah W., Charles H. Shireman i Frederic G. Reamer. "Rehabilitating Juvenile Justice". Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology (1973-) 79, nr 2 (1988): 552. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1143479.

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McKesson, William B. "Enlightened Juvenile Justice". Juvenile and Family Court Journal 4, nr 4 (30.07.2009): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-6988.1953.tb00480.x.

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McCord, Joan. "Counterproductive Juvenile Justice". Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 35, nr 2 (sierpień 2002): 230–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/acri.35.2.230.

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By describing evaluations demonstrating that carefully planned and executed interventions can have harmful effects, the author argues that programs to prevent crime should be tested for safety as well as efficacy. Although client reports of benefits and improvements over predicted outcomes would have suggested benefits from intervention, randomly assigned matched cases used in one such comparison showed that an intervention lasting more than five years increased the likelihood of serious crime, alcoholism, early death, and mental illness.

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Annamma, Subini Ancy. "Disabling Juvenile Justice". Remedial and Special Education 35, nr 5 (31.03.2014): 313–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0741932514526785.

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Ross, Richard. "Juvenile in Justice". Boom 6, nr 2 (2016): 74–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/boom.2016.6.2.74.

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This photo essay and introduction focus on people in California prisons who were sentenced to decades in prison for crimes committed as juveniles. The United States is the only country in the world to sentence juveniles to life in prison. A majority of juveniles sentenced to life serve their time in just five states, California among them. While many breakthroughs are still needed, California has begun to right the wrongs it has committed against the state’s most vulnerable population.

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Ross, Richard. "Juvenile in Justice". Contexts 12, nr 2 (maj 2013): 58–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1536504213487701.

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Munster, Ann. "Rehabilitating juvenile justice". Journal of Criminal Justice 15, nr 3 (styczeń 1987): 269–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0047-2352(87)90052-3.

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McCarthy, Belinda. "Rehabilitating juvenile justice". Journal of Criminal Justice 16, nr 4 (styczeń 1988): 359–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0047-2352(88)90022-0.

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Clark, Richard D. "Reinventing juvenile justice". Journal of Criminal Justice 22, nr 2 (styczeń 1994): 181–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0047-2352(94)90112-0.

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Goyal, Naincy. "Juvenile Justice System in Comparison to Criminal Justice System in India". International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-2, Issue-5 (31.08.2018): 1007–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd17025.

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RIVERS, JAMES E., i ROBERT S. ANWYL. "Juvenile Assessment Centers: Strengths, Weaknesses, and Potential". Prison Journal 80, nr 1 (marzec 2000): 96–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032885500080001006.

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Increases in recent years in both violent crime and substance use among United States youth necessitate the development of more efficient and clinically effective approaches to intervention with juvenile offenders. One such approach calls for development and implementation of Juvenile Assessment Centers (JACs) to centralize the screening of juveniles who have been placed in some form of police custody and better coordinate justice and human service system activities. This article presents a summary of data from interviews and surveys conducted at five JACs in three states. It discusses the findings in the context of an “ideal model” specifically designed to better address substance use among justice-involved juveniles.

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Czarnecka-Dzialuk, Beata. "European Model for Restorative Justice with Children and Young People. Conclusions for Poland". Polish Journal of Criminology 1, nr 1 (31.12.2016): 163–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.7474.

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The article presents main results of the European Research on Restorative Juvenile Justice organized by International Juvenile Justice Observatory (IJJO) and European Council for Juvenile Justice (ECJJ). In three books resulted of the research, available online, there is information on restorative practices in juveniles cases in 28 European Union Member States, then the European Model for Restorative Justice with Children and Young People that has been elaborated on the basis of best practices. The Toolkit for Professionals contains useful practical indications for implementing different restorative justice programs. Although there is scientific evidence of benefits of restorative processes, no country reaches the full potencial of restorative justice. This is especially true with Poland, in spite of having legislation (however, concerning just one of restorative processes, namely mediation, that should be improved), a group of trained mediators, examples of good practise of certain restorative programs and measures. There is strong need to promote restorative proceedings among practitioners and in the society and undertake research to evaluate the quality and effectiveness of restorative justice.

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