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Stetler, Katarina Lund. "Creativity Just in Time? The Role of Delivery Precision in Product Development". International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management 12, nr 05 (28.09.2015): 1550026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219877015500261.
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This paper presents the results from a quantitative survey study in the research and development (R&D) department of company in the automotive industry. The focus of the study has been on exploring the relationship between delivery precision and creativity. Given today's increasingly competitive market, companies must be able to both cut lead times and maintain high creativity and innovativeness in the organization. This study is an attempt to increase our understanding of how one means of cutting lead time, the imposition of high demands on delivery precision, is related to the creation of novel ideas in the industrialization phase of product development. The results point to an interesting relationship in which the imposition of high demands on delivery precision actually increases the perception of the creation of novel ideas. The results have implications for project planning and the role of time dedicated to exploratory tasks in product development.
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Boivin, Louise. "Just-in-Time Labour: The Case of Networks Providing Home Support Services in Quebec". International Journal of Comparative Labour Law and Industrial Relations 32, Issue 3 (1.08.2016): 301–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/ijcl2016016.
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This article aims to analyse how the obligation to be available to work when requested by one’s employer manifests itself in the context of network organizations and under a legal regulation of working hours which was forged on the basis of the industrial production model. We conducted two case studies examining the situation of workers in the private externalized segments of home support services networks in Quebec, a Canadian province. We will demonstrate that for these atypical workers, mostly women, the obligation to be available to work without any accompanying compensation in wages is implicit and manifests itself in two ways: through time that is considered to be personal but which is not because it is squeezed into the gaps in fragmented, variable and unpredictable working schedules and through the exclusion, from paid work time, of time spent carrying out work-related tasks. The impact of this obligation is significant in terms of wages and precariousness. Its manifestations derive from both the network-based organization of work – which allows for the imposition of a ‘justin- time’ model of labour management and a reinforcement of the sexual division of labour – and the inadequacy of the legal regulation of working hours with regard to this organizational model.
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Brown, Kristen M., Shawna S. Mudd, Julianne S. Perretta, Adam Dodson, Elizabeth A. Hunt i Kristen Nelson McMillan. "Rapid Cycle Deliberate Practice to Facilitate “Nano” In Situ Simulation: An Interprofessional Approach to Just-in-Time Training". Critical Care Nurse 41, nr 1 (1.02.2021): e1-e8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/ccn2021552.
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Background Simulation is increasingly used to identify latent threats to patient safety, such as delays in recognition and management of time-sensitive conditions. The Rapid Cycle Deliberate Practice teaching method may facilitate “nano” (brief) in situ simulation training in a critical care setting to improve multidisciplinary team performance of time-sensitive clinical tasks. Objective To determine whether nano–in situ simulation training with Rapid Cycle Deliberate Practice can improve pediatric intensive care unit team proficiency in identifying and managing postoperative shock in a pediatric cardiac patient. Methods A quality improvement educational project was conducted involving nano–in situ simulation sessions in a combined pediatric and pediatric cardiac intensive care unit. The Rapid Cycle Deliberate Practice method was used with an expert-driven checklist for 30-minute simulation scenarios. Results A total of 23 critical care providers participated. The proportion of time-sensitive tasks completed within 5 minutes increased significantly from before to after training (52% [13 of 25] vs 100% [25 of 25]; P ≤ .001). Using a 5-point Likert scale, with higher scores indicating higher levels, the participants reported high degrees of performance confidence (mean, 4.42; SD, 0.20) and satisfaction with the simulation experience (mean, 4.96; SD, 0.12). Conclusion The Rapid Cycle Deliberate Practice method was used to facilitate nano–in situ simulation training and identify areas requiring additional education to improve patient safety. In situ simulation can educate providers in a cost-effective and timely manner.
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Zhou, Honggeng. "An Empirical Test of the Information Processing Theory". International Journal of Information Systems and Supply Chain Management 4, nr 1 (styczeń 2011): 45–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jisscm.2011010103.
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According to the propositions in the information processing theory, this study tests the relationship between task uncertainty and three organizational design strategies, i.e., creation of lateral relationships, investment in information systems, and creation of self-contained tasks. Data from 125 North American manufacturing firms are used and business environment uncertainty is employed to measure task uncertainty. Sourcing practice and delivery practice measure the creation of lateral relationships, while Information quality measures the investment in information systems. Also, just-in-time production and human resource management measure the creation of self-contained tasks. Regression analysis shows that business environment uncertainty has significant positive influence on sourcing practice, delivery practice, information quality, just-in-time production, and human resource management. While the information processing theory was proposed more than thirty years ago, this study empirically extends the relevance of information processing theory to today’s supply chain environment.
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Zhang, Pengfei, i Zonghuai Guo. "An Improved Speculative Strategy for Heterogeneous Spark Cluster". MATEC Web of Conferences 173 (2018): 01018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817301018.
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Apache Spark is an open-source in-memory cluster-computing framework. Spark decomposes an application into numerous tasks and assigns them to computing nodes for higher efficiency. However, in heterogeneous environments, some tasks become stragglers because of poor performance of some computing nodes, data skew, etc. These stragglers can affect cluster performance seriously since a job completes just when the last undertaking completions. To mitigate stragglers, Spark uses speculative execution which recognizes slow tasks and picks the node to run speculative task, but the low accuracy in identification and simple way of backing up will further extend the execution time. Then we develop an improved speculative strategy, DBMTPE (Data-Based Multiple Phases Time Estimation), which selects stragglers by estimating their remaining time and chooses a proper way to run speculative task according to the cause. Experiment results show that DBMTPE can run applications up to 10.5% faster over Spark-Native and save computing resource at the same time.
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Subramani, Mani, Mihir Wagle, Gautam Ray i Alok Gupta. "Capability Development through Just-in-Time Access to Knowledge in Document Repositories: A Longitudinal Examination of Technical Problem Solving". MIS Quarterly 45, nr 3 (1.09.2021): 1287–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.25300/misq/2021/15635.
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With knowledge and expertise increasingly being recognized as important, firms have made significant investments in document repositories as part of their knowledge management initiatives. Document repositories are intended to enhance the ability to access codified knowledge and help improve task performance through knowledge reuse. However, it is not clear what effects they have on how knowledge workers perform their tasks. Using longitudinal data on repository accesses and calls to technical support by field technicians in an engineering firm, we examine how just-in-time access to codified knowledge affects patterns of help-seeking from technical support. We find evidence that greater accessing of codified knowledge reduces calls for help to technical support. The type of codified knowledge accessed from the repository affects field technicians’ calling behavior. Accessing general knowledge reduces calls to support for low-complexity problems, while accessing procedural knowledge reduces calls related to high-complexity problems. Further, accessing procedural knowledge is significantly associated with promotion, suggesting that the use of document repositories can help individuals build firm-specific human capital. Building on the insights of cognitive load theory, this study suggests that making information available just in time through document repositories reduces the cognitive load involved for task performance and enables learning. This work contributes to a greater understanding of the value of knowledge management systems and suggests that, beyond the efficiencies gained from knowledge reuse, just-in-time access to knowledge repositories builds problem solving capabilities and contributes to human capital development.
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Koch, Iring, Miriam Gade i Andrea M. Philipp. "Inhibition of Response Mode in Task Switching". Experimental Psychology 51, nr 1 (styczeń 2004): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169.51.1.52.
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Abstract. Task inhibition was explored in two experiments that employed a paradigm in which participants switched among three tasks. Two tasks required manual choice responses based on numerical judgment (parity or magnitude), whereas a third task required an unconditional double-press of both response keys. Both experiments showed that switching to a just-abandoned task (n-2 task repetition) generally leads to a performance cost relative to switching to another task. Specifically, this task inhibition effect also occurred for the double-press task, suggesting inhibition of response mode. Prolonging the task-cuing interval showed that advance task preparation reduced only inhibition of the double-press task but not of the choice tasks (Experiment 1). Prolonging the response-cue interval led to a decrease of the inhibition effect in all tasks (Experiment 2), suggesting a time-based release of task inhibition. Together, the experiments support the notion of a response-related component of task inhibition.
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Azhar, M. Waqar, Miquel Pericàs i Per Stenström. "Task-RM: A Resource Manager for Energy Reduction in Task-Parallel Applications under Quality of Service Constraints". ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization 19, nr 1 (31.03.2022): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3494537.
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Improving energy efficiency is an important goal of computer system design. This article focuses on a general model of task-parallel applications under quality-of-service requirements on the completion time. Our technique, called Task-RM , exploits the variance in task execution-times and imbalance between tasks to allocate just enough resources in terms of voltage-frequency and core-allocation so that the application completes before the deadline. Moreover, we provide a solution that can harness additional energy savings with the availability of additional processors. We observe that, for the proposed run-time resource manager to allocate resources, it requires specification of the soft deadlines to the tasks. This is accomplished by analyzing the energy-saving scenarios offline and by providing Task-RM with the performance requirements of the tasks. The evaluation shows an energy saving of 33% compared to race-to-idle and 22% compared to dynamic slack allocation (DSA) with an overhead of less than 1%.
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Rihan, Prof Jasleen, i Dr Akanksha Deshpande. "Activity Based Module for Training Engineering Undergraduates in Time Management". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, nr 3 (31.03.2022): 640–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.40638.
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Abstract: One’s success depends majorly on the ability to use their time effectively, be productive, & attain the desired goals. According to research, poor academic success by students in higher education contributing to their decrease professional performance is a result of poor time- management skills. Time- management is the ability to use the time at hand productively and efficiently to not just accomplish the daily tasks but also the larger goals in life. The authors of this paper attempt to dispense a robust activity-based design to train students in managing their time effectively. The objective is attained by providing an array of engrossing activities based on classical and conventional time management techniques. Keywords: Time –management, engrossing activities, professional performance, undergraduate students.
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Gharsellaoui, Hamza, Mohamed Khalgui i Samir Ben Ahmed. "Reconfiguration of Synchronous Real-Time Operating System". International Journal of System Dynamics Applications 2, nr 1 (styczeń 2013): 114–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsda.2013010106.
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Real-time scheduling is the theoretical basis of real-time systems engineering. Earliest Deadline first (EDF) is an optimal scheduling algorithm for uniprocessor real-time systems. The paper deals with Reconfigurable Uniprocessor embedded Real-Time Systems classically implemented by different OS tasks that the authors suppose independent, synchronous and periodic to meet functional and temporal properties described in user requirements. They define two forms of automatic reconfigurations which are applied at run-time: Addition-Remove of tasks or just modifications of their temporal parameters: WCET and/or Periods. The authors define a new semantic of the reconfiguration where a crucial criterion to consider is the automatic improvement of the system’s feasibility at run-time by using an Intelligent Agent that automatically checks the system’s feasibility after any reconfiguration scenario to verify if all tasks meet the required deadlines. To handle all possible reconfiguration solutions, the authors propose an agent-based architecture that applies automatic reconfigurations to re-obtain the system’s feasibility and satisfy user requirements. Therefore, they developed the tool RT-Reconfiguration to support these contributions that they apply on the running example system and the authors apply the Real-Time Simulator, Cheddar to check the whole system behavior and evaluate the performance of the algorithm. They present simulations of this architecture where the agent that implemented is evaluated.
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Marinovic, Welber, Aymar de Rugy, Ottmar V. Lipp i James R. Tresilian. "Responses to loud auditory stimuli indicate that movement-related activation builds up in anticipation of action". Journal of Neurophysiology 109, nr 4 (15.02.2013): 996–1008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01119.2011.
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Previous research using a loud acoustic stimulus (LAS) to investigate motor preparation in reaction time (RT) tasks indicates that responses can be triggered well in advance of the presentation of an imperative stimulus (IS). This is intriguing given that high levels of response preparation cannot be maintained for long periods (≈ 200 ms). In the experiments reported here we sought to assess whether response-related activation increases gradually over time in simple RT tasks. In experiment 1, a LAS was presented at different times just prior to the presentation of the IS to probe the level of activation for the motor response. In experiment 2, the same LAS was presented at different times after the presentation of the IS. The results provide evidence that response-related activation does increase gradually in anticipation of the IS, but it remains stable for a short time after this event. The data display a pattern consistent with the response being triggering by the LAS, rather than a reaction to the IS.
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Khetarpal, Khimya. "Learning Generalized Temporal Abstractions across Both Action and Perception". Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 33 (17.07.2019): 9890–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33019890.
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Learning temporal abstractions which are partial solutions to a task and could be reused for other similar or even more complicated tasks is intuitively an ingredient which can help agents to plan, learn and reason efficiently at multiple resolutions of perceptions and time. Just like humans acquire skills and build on top of already existing skills to solve more complicated tasks, AI agents should be able to learn and develop skills continually, hierarchically and incrementally over time. In my research, I aim to answer the following question: How should an agent efficiently represent, learn and use knowledge of the world in continual tasks? My work builds on the options framework, but provides novel extensions driven by this question. We introduce the notion of interest functions. Analogous to temporally extended actions, we propose learning temporally extended perception. The key idea is to learn temporal abstractions unifying both action and perception.
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Wibowo, Iwan Kurnianto, Adnan Rachmat Anom Besari i Muh Rifqi Rizqullah. "Implementation of Multiprocessing and Multithreading for End Node Middleware Control on Internet of Things Devices". Inform : Jurnal Ilmiah Bidang Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi 6, nr 1 (31.01.2021): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.25139/inform.v6i1.3346.
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Previously, an educational robot system was built by incorporating Internet of Things (IoT) elements. Over time, this educational robot has been implanted with a middleware. Middleware has a role in receiving command data from the real-time database, access sensors, actuators, and sending feedback. Middleware contains protocols that translate commands between high-level programming and Raspberry Pi hardware. The focus of this research is to improve the performance of the middleware to pursue processing time efficiency. For this reason, it is necessary to implement multiprocessing and multithreading in handling several tasks. The CPU division has been adjusted automatically to not work on just one core or block of memory. Several program functions can run in parallel and reduce program execution time efficiently. The tasks handled are sensor reading and actuator control in the form of a motor. Testing has been carried out to perform multiprocessing and multithreading tasks to process six sensors and five actuators. Multiprocessing requires an average of 1.00% to 15.00% CPU usage and 2.70% memory usage. Meanwhile, multithreading involves an average of 1.00% to 71.00% CPU usage and 3.30% memory usage.
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Rodriguez-Zurrunero, Roberto, Ramiro Utrilla, Alba Rozas i Alvaro Araujo. "Process Management in IoT Operating Systems: Cross-Influence between Processing and Communication Tasks in End-Devices". Sensors 19, nr 4 (16.02.2019): 805. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19040805.
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The emergence and spread of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies along with the edge computing paradigm has led to an increase in the computational load on sensor end-devices. These devices are now expected to provide high-level information instead of just raw sensor measurements. Therefore, the processing tasks must share the processor time with the communication tasks, and both of them may have strict timing constraints. In this work, we present an empirical study, from the edge computing perspective, of the process management carried out by an IoT Operating System (OS), showing the cross-influence between the processing and communication tasks in end-devices. We have conducted multiple tests in two real scenarios with a specific OS and a set of wireless protocols. In these tests, we have varied the processing and communication tasks timing parameters, as well as their assigned priority levels. The results obtained from these tests demonstrate that there is a close relationship between the characteristics of the processing tasks and the communication performance, especially when the processing computational load is high. In addition, these results also show that the computational load is not the only factor responsible for the communication performance degradation, as the relationship between the processing tasks and the communication protocols timing parameters also plays a role. These conclusions should be taken into account for future OSs and protocol developments.
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Schwabe, Andrew. "JARET: A Human Assistive A.I. Agent for Goal Review and Time Management". Indonesian Journal Of Educational Research and Review 4, nr 3 (1.12.2021): 392. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/ijerr.v4i3.41630.
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Many students do not set goals or plan their time weekly (due to lack of ability, perceived difficulty, and other reasons) resulting in procrastination, stress, and lower academic performance. This paper presents the design methodology and considerations for a human assistive AI agent that helps students review and plan for study goals, reducing a large abstract problem into a set of simpler review tasks. J.A.R.E.T. (Just A Recommender Engine for Time) uses key principles from Self-Regulated Learning and Cognitive Load Theory in an interactive system that guides students through focused goal review and planning tasks, then uses a constraint satisfaction AI agent to assemble a proposed calendar schedule designed to help achieve the student’s goals. The AI agent uses hard and soft constraints with a value function designed and searches for a best fit that follows constraints while trying to also fit student preferences. Results show that the design is able to reliably build recommended solutions when constraints and preferences are reasonable and not overly restrictive.
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Prasad, Himanshu, P. Geetha Priya, S. Manjunatha, B. H. Namratha i Rekha B. Venkatapur. "User Task Automator". Asian Journal of Engineering and Applied Technology 6, nr 1 (5.05.2017): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/ajeat-2017.6.1.811.
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We live in an era where we have powerful digital devices at our hands. In our busy lives, we can take help of technology to save time, by automating tasks of our life. But interacting with technology can be a challenge for people not very familiar with technology. Methods of interaction like voice commands are gaining popularity because it is easy for a person to just speak out what they want the device to do. Thus, we propose a program to let user specify, in natural language, an action to be performed when a certain event happens and perform it for him. A layman using a computer can’t code, but many times they have a requirement to perform tasks which they wish to automate. This program acts as a platform where they can specify those tasks as commands in natural English language, and the program performs those tasks for the user. This way of combining any supported action with any supported event allows user to create large number of combinations to help them perform various tasks under various events.
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Merlo, Daniel, David Darby, Tomas Kalincik, Helmut Butzkueven i Anneke van der Walt. "The feasibility, reliability and concurrent validity of the MSReactor computerized cognitive screening tool in multiple sclerosis". Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders 12 (styczeń 2019): 175628641985918. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1756286419859183.
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Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) cognitive tests are resource intensive and limited by practice effects that prevent frequent retesting. Brief, reliable and valid monitoring tools are urgently needed to detect subtle, subclinical cognitive changes in people with MS. Cognitive monitoring over time could contribute to a new definition of disease progression, supplementing routine clinical monitoring. Methods: MSReactor is a web-based battery that measures psychomotor (processing) speed, visual attention and working memory, using simple reaction time tasks. Clinic-based tasks were completed at baseline and 6 monthly with home testing 1–3 monthly. Acceptability, quality of life, depression and anxiety surveys were completed. We studied its correlation with the Symbol Digit Modalities Test, practice effects, test–retest reliability and the discriminative ability of MSReactor. Results: A total of 450 people with MS were recruited over 18 months, with 81% opting to complete home-based testing. Most participants (96%) would be happy (or neutral) to repeat the tasks again and just four reported the tasks made them ‘very anxious’. Persistence of home testing was high and practice effects stabilized within three tests. MSReactor tasks correlated with Symbol Digit Modalities Test scores and participants with MS performed slower than healthy controls. Conclusion: MSReactor is a scalable and reliable cognitive screening tool that can be used in the clinic and remotely. MSReactor task performance correlated with another highly validated cognitive test, was sensitive to MS and baseline predictors of cognitive performance were identified.
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Hebert, M. A. "Impact of IT on Health Care Professionals: Changes in Work and the Productivity Paradox". Health Services Management Research 11, nr 2 (maj 1998): 69–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095148489801100201.
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Health care organizations are under increasing pressure to become more efficient while at the same time maintaining or improving the quality of care. Information technology (IT), with its potential to increase efficiency, accuracy and accessibility of information, has been expected to play an important role in supporting these changes. We report the impact of patient care information systems on health care professionals in five community hospitals. The study framework incorporated both quality of care in Donabedian's elements of structure–process–outcome and Grusec's three levels of IT impact: direct substitution, proceduralization and new capabilities. The study results suggest that, for specific tasks, IT increased efficiency and productivity—a single employee was able to complete more tasks. However, this produced other consequences not predicted. Participants noted this change did not ‘free up time’ to spend with patients, but meant there were potentially more opportunities to provide services and more tasks to complete. Other effects included: reduced job satisfaction as more time was spent on the computer; less frequent interactions with patients and for shorter duration; and an increasingly ‘visible’ accountability as performance was easily monitored. There were also changes in roles and responsibilities as the computer enabled tasks to be carried out from a number of locations and by a variety of personnel. When innovations are introduced into organizations there are both expected and unexpected consequences. Increased awareness of the interactive relationship between computer users and the technology helps organizations better understand why results do, or do not, occur. One must look beyond just simply increasing productivity by replacing manual tasks with automated ones, to examining how the changes influence the nature of work and relationships within the organization.
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Shang, Yizi, Guiming Lu, Ling Shang i Guangqian Wang. "Parallel processing on block-based Gauss-Jordan algorithm for desktop grid". Computer Science and Information Systems 8, nr 3 (2011): 739–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/csis100907026s.
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Two kinds of parallel possibilities exist in the block-based Gauss-Jordan (BbGJ) algorithm, which are intra-step and inter-steps based parallelism. But the existing parallel paradigm of BbGJ algorithm just aiming at the intra-step based parallelism, can?t meet the requirement of dispatching simultaneously as many tasks as possible to computing nodes of desktop grid platform exploiting thousands of volunteer computing resources. To overcome the problem described above, this paper presents a hybrid parallel paradigm for desktop grid platform, exploiting all the possible parallelizable parts of the BbGJ algorithm. As well known to us all, volatility is the key issue of desktop grid platform and faults are unavoidable during the process of program execution. So the adapted version of block BbGJ algorithm for desktop grid platform should take the volatility into consideration. To solve the problem presented above, the paper adopts multi-copy distribution strategy and multi-queue based task preemption method to ensure the key tasks can be executed on time, thus ensure the whole tasks can be finished in shorter period of time.
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Sundukova, Galina M., Ludmila N. Derevyagina i Nina V. Bobyleva. "ЦИФРОВОЙ ФОРМАТ ВЕДЕНИЯ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯ: ПРОБЛЕМЫ И ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ". Vestnik BIST (Bashkir Institute of Social Technologies), nr 2(59) (29.06.2023): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.47598/2078-9025-2023-2-59-58-62.
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The theoretical foundations of the introduction of electronic document management systems are considered. Electronic document management is understood as the infrastructural core of any enterprise. The authors are convinced that this is not just an innovation, but a cardinal management decision that has no analogue in the traditional management of enterprise information flows. Thanks to this innovation, the work of the team will be greatly facilitated. The electronic document management system, being a significant advantage of automation, uniquely optimizes the speed of tasks and increases the competitiveness of the organization. A well-built electronic document management system ensures the uninterrupted flow of business processes, saves a significant resource — time, while freeing up minutes and hours to perform primary tasks.
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Zhou, Shanglin, Sotiris C. Masmanidis i Dean V. Buonomano. "Encoding time in neural dynamic regimes with distinct computational tradeoffs". PLOS Computational Biology 18, nr 3 (3.03.2022): e1009271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009271.
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Converging evidence suggests the brain encodes time in dynamic patterns of neural activity, including neural sequences, ramping activity, and complex dynamics. Most temporal tasks, however, require more than just encoding time, and can have distinct computational requirements including the need to exhibit temporal scaling, generalize to novel contexts, or robustness to noise. It is not known how neural circuits can encode time and satisfy distinct computational requirements, nor is it known whether similar patterns of neural activity at the population level can exhibit dramatically different computational or generalization properties. To begin to answer these questions, we trained RNNs on two timing tasks based on behavioral studies. The tasks had different input structures but required producing identically timed output patterns. Using a novel framework we quantified whether RNNs encoded two intervals using either of three different timing strategies: scaling, absolute, or stimulus-specific dynamics. We found that similar neural dynamic patterns at the level of single intervals, could exhibit fundamentally different properties, including, generalization, the connectivity structure of the trained networks, and the contribution of excitatory and inhibitory neurons. Critically, depending on the task structure RNNs were better suited for generalization or robustness to noise. Further analysis revealed different connection patterns underlying the different regimes. Our results predict that apparently similar neural dynamic patterns at the population level (e.g., neural sequences) can exhibit fundamentally different computational properties in regards to their ability to generalize to novel stimuli and their robustness to noise—and that these differences are associated with differences in network connectivity and distinct contributions of excitatory and inhibitory neurons. We also predict that the task structure used in different experimental studies accounts for some of the experimentally observed variability in how networks encode time.
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Mutlag, Ammar Awad, Mohd Khanapi Abd Ghani, Mazin Abed Mohammed, Mashael S. Maashi, Othman Mohd, Salama A. Mostafa, Karrar Hameed Abdulkareem, Gonçalo Marques i Isabel de la Torre Díez. "MAFC: Multi-Agent Fog Computing Model for Healthcare Critical Tasks Management". Sensors 20, nr 7 (27.03.2020): 1853. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20071853.
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In healthcare applications, numerous sensors and devices produce massive amounts of data which are the focus of critical tasks. Their management at the edge of the network can be done by Fog computing implementation. However, Fog Nodes suffer from lake of resources That could limit the time needed for final outcome/analytics. Fog Nodes could perform just a small number of tasks. A difficult decision concerns which tasks will perform locally by Fog Nodes. Each node should select such tasks carefully based on the current contextual information, for example, tasks’ priority, resource load, and resource availability. We suggest in this paper a Multi-Agent Fog Computing model for healthcare critical tasks management. The main role of the multi-agent system is mapping between three decision tables to optimize scheduling the critical tasks by assigning tasks with their priority, load in the network, and network resource availability. The first step is to decide whether a critical task can be processed locally; otherwise, the second step involves the sophisticated selection of the most suitable neighbor Fog Node to allocate it. If no Fog Node is capable of processing the task throughout the network, it is then sent to the Cloud facing the highest latency. We test the proposed scheme thoroughly, demonstrating its applicability and optimality at the edge of the network using iFogSim simulator and UTeM clinic data.
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Duminy, Nicolas, Sao Mai Nguyen, Junshuai Zhu, Dominique Duhaut i Jerome Kerdreux. "Intrinsically Motivated Open-Ended Multi-Task Learning Using Transfer Learning to Discover Task Hierarchy". Applied Sciences 11, nr 3 (21.01.2021): 975. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11030975.
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In open-ended continuous environments, robots need to learn multiple parameterised control tasks in hierarchical reinforcement learning. We hypothesise that the most complex tasks can be learned more easily by transferring knowledge from simpler tasks, and faster by adapting the complexity of the actions to the task. We propose a task-oriented representation of complex actions, called procedures, to learn online task relationships and unbounded sequences of action primitives to control the different observables of the environment. Combining both goal-babbling with imitation learning, and active learning with transfer of knowledge based on intrinsic motivation, our algorithm self-organises its learning process. It chooses at any given time a task to focus on; and what, how, when and from whom to transfer knowledge. We show with a simulation and a real industrial robot arm, in cross-task and cross-learner transfer settings, that task composition is key to tackle highly complex tasks. Task decomposition is also efficiently transferred across different embodied learners and by active imitation, where the robot requests just a small amount of demonstrations and the adequate type of information. The robot learns and exploits task dependencies so as to learn tasks of every complexity.
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König, Cornelius J., Wendelien van Eerde i Anita Burch. "Predictors and Consequences of Daily Goal Adaptation". Journal of Personnel Psychology 9, nr 1 (styczeń 2010): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1866-5888/a000002.
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Efficient self-regulation has been argued to consist of more than just setting goals and tenaciously pursuing them – it also requires that people adapt their goals to changing circumstances. Although previous studies have already focused on interindividual differences in goal disengagement (one aspect of goal adaptation), so far, no study has looked at predictors and consequences of daily work goal adaptation. As predicted, daily goal adaptation was related to the amount of unplanned tasks and the extent to which the time needed for tasks was underestimated. However, unlike previous research on goal disengagement, daily goal adaptation had a negative (and not a positive) effect on well-being and subjective productivity. It is suggested that the emotional aspect of goal adaptation/goal disengagement needs more research attention.
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Yao, Jun, i Julius P. A. Dewald. "The Increase in Overlap of Cortical Activity Preceding Static Elbow/Shoulder Motor Tasks Is Associated With Limb Synergies in Severe Stroke". Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair 32, nr 6-7 (czerwiec 2018): 624–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1545968318781028.
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The loss of independent joint control, clinically referred to as limb synergies, is prevalent in the paretic upper limb of individuals with chronic hemiparetic stroke. To understand the underlying neural mechanisms, we previously reported that an increased overlap of cortical representations of shoulder/elbow could contribute to the abnormal poststroke synergies. However, these previous results were limited to a fixed time window just before the onset of motor tasks. Questions such as (1) how this overlap develops during motor preparation and (2) whether such development is also linked to upper limb synergies, remain unclear. To answer these questions, we investigated cortical overlap during motor preparation of isometric shoulder and elbow torque generation tasks in healthy individuals (n = 8), and individuals with moderate to severe chronic hemiparesis following a subcortical stroke (n = 12). We found a significant group difference in how the cortical overlap developed. In the healthy control and moderately impaired stroke groups, cortical overlap between shoulder and elbow motor tasks decreased during the motor preparation; however, this overlap increased in individuals with severe stroke. Furthermore, the rate of cortical overlap decrease/increase was linked to the upper limb Fugl-Meyer scores and limb synergies. These results demonstrate, for the first time, that the increase in overlap of the cortical activity during motor preparation is associated with the expression of synergies in the paretic upper limb of severely impaired poststroke individuals.
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Naik, K. Jairam, i D. Hanumanth Naik. "Minimizing Deadline Misses and Total Run-time with Load Balancing for a Connected Car Systems in Fog Computing". Scalable Computing: Practice and Experience 21, nr 1 (19.03.2020): 73–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.12694/scpe.v21i1.1616.
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Cloud computing helps in providing the applications with a few number of resources that are used to unload the tasks. But there are certain applications like coordinated lane change assistance which are helpful in cars that connects to internet has strict time constraints, and it may not be possible to get the job done just by unloading the tasks to the cloud. Fog computing helps in reducing the latency i.e the computation is now done in local fog servers instead of remote datacentres and these fog servers are connected to the nearby distance to clients. To achieve better timing performance in fog computing load balancing in these fog servers is to be performed in an efficient manner.The challenges in the proposed application includes the number of tasks are high, client mobility and heterogeneous nature of fog servers. We use mobility patterns of connected cars and load balancing is done periodically among fog servers. The task model presented here in this paper solves scheduling problem and this is done at the server level and not on the device level. And at last, we present an optimization problem formulation for balancing the load and for reducing the misses in deadline, also the time required for running the task in these cars will be minimized with the help of fog computing. It also performs better than somecommon algorithms such as active monitoring, weighted round robin and throttled load balancer.
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Chen, Cen, Shih-Fen Cheng, Aldy Gunawan, Archan Misra, Koustuv Dasgupta i Deepthi Chander. "TRACCS: A Framework for Trajectory-Aware Coordinated Urban Crowd-Sourcing". Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Human Computation and Crowdsourcing 2 (5.09.2014): 30–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/hcomp.v2i1.13156.
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We investigate the problem of large-scale mobile crowd-tasking, where a large pool of citizen crowd-workers are used to perform a variety of location-specific urban logistics tasks. Current approaches to such mobile crowd-tasking are very decentralized: a crowd-tasking platform usually provides each worker a set of available tasks close to the worker's current location; each worker then independently chooses which tasks she wants to accept and perform. In contrast, we propose TRACCS, a more coordinated task assignment approach, where the crowd-tasking platform assigns a sequence of tasks to each worker, taking into account their expected location trajectory over a wider time horizon, as opposed to just instantaneous location. We formulate such task assignment as an optimization problem, that seeks to maximize the total payoff from all assigned tasks, subject to a maximum bound on the detour (from the expected path) that a worker will experience to complete her assigned tasks. We develop credible computationally-efficient heuristics to address this optimization problem (whose exact solution requires solving a complex integer linear program), and show, via simulations with realistic topologies and commuting patterns, that a specific heuristic (called Greedy-ILS) increases the fraction of assigned tasks by more than 20%, and reduces the average detour overhead by more than 60%, compared to the current decentralized approach.
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Soto, Oscar, Josep Valls-Solé i Hatice Kumru. "Paired-Pulse Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation During Preparation for Simple and Choice Reaction Time Tasks". Journal of Neurophysiology 104, nr 3 (wrzesień 2010): 1392–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00620.2009.
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Motor preparation for execution of both simple and choice reaction time tasks (SRT and CRT) involves enhancement of corticospinal excitability (CE). However, motor preparation also implies changes in inhibitory control that have thus far been much less studied. Short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) has been shown to decrease before CE increases. Therefore we reasoned that, if SICI contributes to inhibitory control of voluntary movement during the preparatory phase, it would be larger in CRT than in SRT because of the need to keep the movement unreleased until the uncertainty resolves on which task is required. We measured changes in SICI and in CE at different time points preceding motor reaction in normal subjects. Single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (spTMS) and paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (ppTMS) produced time-dependent changes in both SRT and CRT, with shortening when applied close to the presentation of the imperative signal (“early”) and lengthening when applied near the expected reaction (“late”). In addition, at all stimulation time points, reaction time was shorter with ppTMS than that with spTMS, but there was no consistent association between the amount of SICI and reaction time changes. At early stimulation time points, CE was reduced in CRT but not in SRT. However, SICI in CRT was not different from SICI in SRT. At late stimulation time points, SICI decreased just before enhancement of CE. Our findings indicate that inhibitory circuits other than SICI are responsible for setting the level of CE at earlier parts of the reaction time period. Although the decrease in SICI may contribute to the increase in CE at the last part of the premotor period, the two phenomena are not dependent on each other.
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CORMACK, Gordon, Ian MUNRO, Troy VASIGA i Graeme KEMKES. "Structure, Scoring and Purpose of Computing Competitions". Informatics in Education 5, nr 1 (15.04.2006): 15–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/infedu.2006.02.
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We identify aspects of computing competition formats as they relate to the purpose of these competitions, both stated and tacit. We consider the major international competitions - the International Olympiad for Informatics, the ACM International Collegiate Programming Contest, and top coder - and related contests whose format merits consideration. We consider the operational impact and possible outcomes of incorporating several of these aspects into scholastic competitions. We advocate, in particular, that contests be designed so as to provide a rewarding experience and opportunity for achievement for all competitors; not just the winners. Specific contest elements that should be considered are: (1) real-time scoring and feedback, (2) rewards for testing and test case creation, (3) tasks with graduated difficulty, (4) collaborative tasks, (5) practice contests and entry-level contests for novices, and (6) inclusion of spectators.
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Hristova, Irinka, Greta Koleva i Despina Georgieva. "THE STUDENT NURSES’ SKILL OF MANAGING THEIR TIME". Proceedings of CBU in Medicine and Pharmacy 2 (24.10.2021): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.12955/pmp.v2.171.
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Introduction: Time is one of the basic resources in each human activity. It holds a special place in health care. Either its deficiency or underestimation may lead to the negative and even fatal aftermath for human life.
Objective: The purpose of this report is to identify the reasons for poor time management of student nurses.
Methods: A standardized questionnaire was answered by a total of 89 student nurses from the 1st year and 3rd year courses, in the nursing bachelor degree from the Ruse University of Angel Kanchev, Bulgaria. The questionnaire was held in January 2021.
Results: From this study we have determined that those who are capable of managing their time and always plan well are just 26%(23n) of all respondents, more than a half of them only sometimes plan their tasks, 61%(54n), whereas 13%(12n) never do. As for the compliance of the deadlines, only 31.5% (28n) of them always manage to do so, while the rest of the students only sometimes do so.
Conclusions: The inability of student nurses to plan their time is just one of the reasons for concern. It was determined that the lack of training for effective time management, intense workload in higher education, not realizing they have to manage their time and their young age, significantly affect the student nurses’ proper management of time.
UDC Classification: 37.04, DOI: https://doi.org/10.12955/pmp.v2.170
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BOSCO, FRANCESCA M., ROMINA ANGELERI, LIVIA COLLE, KATIUSCIA SACCO i BRUNO G. BARA. "Communicative abilities in children: An assessment through different phenomena and expressive means". Journal of Child Language 40, nr 4 (7.05.2013): 741–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000913000081.
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ABSTRACTPrevious studies on children's pragmatic abilities have tended to focus on just one pragmatic phenomenon and one expressive means at a time, mainly concentrating on comprehension, and overlooking the production side. We assessed both comprehension and production in relation to several pragmatic phenomena (simple and complex standard communication acts, irony, and deceit) and several expressive means (linguistic, extralinguistic, paralinguistic). Our study involved 390 Italian-speaking children divided into three age groups: 5;0–5;6, 6;6–7;0, and 8;0–8;6. Children's performance on all tasks improved with their age. Within each age group, children responded more accurately to tasks involving standard communication than to those involving deceit and irony, across all expressive means and for both comprehension and production. Within each pragmatic phenomenon, children responded more accurately to simple acts than to complex ones, regardless of age group and expressive means, i.e., linguistic or extralinguistic. Overall results fit well with the Cognitive Pragmatics theory (Bara, 2010).
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Myszewski, Jan M., i Madhav N. Sinha. "A model for measuring effectiveness of quality management practices in health care". Leadership in Health Services 31, nr 3 (2.07.2018): 310–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lhs-03-2018-0020.
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Purpose Health care is an example of an organization where the needs of potential clients are much greater than the capabilities of the service delivery system. The implementation of any medical procedure, as well as the provision of any service, just like the manufacturing of any product, can be decomposed into a series of tasks. The purpose of this paper is to propose a model for measuring the effectiveness of quality assurance tasks in health-care delivery processes. Design/methodology/approach The authors analyze a system of factors that affect the implementation of tasks in a process. In their considerations, they have focused on four areas of science that describe conditions that are related to the implementation of tasks: Scheduling as a methodology for allocating resources to perform tasks; Capacity planning as a methodology for assigning values to given resources expressed by the number of tasks that can be executed with the resources; Queueing theory, used as a methodology for describing phenomena in which not all planned tasks are performed within the prescribed specification limits; and Quality management, as a methodology to ensure appropriate conditions for completing tasks (CCTs), where CCT is a representation of parameters of casual relationship between variables. Findings The authors show that the effectiveness of executing any scheduled tasks in the process is determined by the difference between the capacity of resources allocated (at a given time interval) and the number of tasks planned to be carried out at that time. The CCT conditions determine the level of capacity of the fixed amount of resources. It is shown that their deviation from the reference CCT specification may cause the nominally correct amount of resources be either too small (causing queue formation and longer wait time in hospitals) or too large to contribute to the waste in the system by creating idle capacity. Practical implications The scope of application of the model is wide. It covers tasks performed with different degrees of uncertainties regarding the capacity of resources. It applies in all areas of health care where unlike manufacturing, the services delivered and the tasks performed in the health-care delivery system are seldom identical. Every patient is treated differently than the one waiting next in line. The workloads are pre-arranged in the order they are needed and completed in accordance with the FI-FO (first in-first out) principle. The model presented in this paper makes it possible to better understand the mechanism of effectiveness and efficiency improvement and the role of humans as a specific carrier of capacity. Originality/value As most of the health-care organizations are still stuck in the soft side of quality assurance, there has been little research conducted to test the applicability of well-known productions/operation management methodologies and theories benefitting health-care systems. The formulation of a reference point of CCT in this study is to serve as a stabilizing control point with the same connotation as that of a central reference line in the statistical process control chart. The correct capacity planning is needed to determine with a high degree of probability of success in implementation of all tasks to assure quality all the time.
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Dai, Li Xin, i Zong Li. "Study on Application of Critical Path to Project Time Management". Advanced Materials Research 328-330 (wrzesień 2011): 368–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.328-330.368.
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Most resources used in a project will have an easily determined cost. We need to know which staff members can work on which parts of a project and what needs to be done, and when. Project time management should be broken down, step by step, just as other parts of the project are broken down in the planning phase. This will help make sure that everything is done when it needs to be, and to keep the project from going over its budget because it went well past the time scheduled for it. A project manager often need to control the whole time of the project and grasp the key process in those tasks which can shorten the period and reduce the cost. This paper discusses the algorithm of AOE-net in the critical path and its application to evaluate the completion time in the network planning of project time management.
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Ray, Archan, Nicholas Monath, Andrew McCallum i Cameron Musco. "Sublinear Time Approximation of Text Similarity Matrices". Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 36, nr 7 (28.06.2022): 8072–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v36i7.20779.
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We study algorithms for approximating pairwise similarity matrices that arise in natural language processing. Generally, computing a similarity matrix for n data points requires Omega(n^2) similarity computations. This quadratic scaling is a significant bottleneck, especially when similarities are computed via expensive functions, e.g., via transformer models. Approximation methods reduce this quadratic complexity, often by using a small subset of exactly computed similarities to approximate the remainder of the complete pairwise similarity matrix. Significant work focuses on the efficient approximation of positive semidefinite (PSD) similarity matrices, which arise e.g., in kernel methods. However, much less is understood about indefinite (non-PSD) similarity matrices, which often arise in NLP. Motivated by the observation that many of these matrices are still somewhat close to PSD, we introduce a generalization of the popular Nystrom method to the indefinite setting. Our algorithm can be applied to any similarity matrix and runs in sublinear time in the size of the matrix, producing a rank-s approximation with just O(ns) similarity computations. We show that our method, along with a simple variant of CUR decomposition, performs very well in approximating a variety of similarity matrices arising in NLP tasks. We demonstrate high accuracy of the approximated similarity matrices in tasks of document classification, sentence similarity, and cross-document coreference.
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Seepanomwan, Kristsana. "Acquisition and Utilization of Mental Imagery Capability in Robotic Action Sequencing Tasks". ECTI Transactions on Computer and Information Technology (ECTI-CIT) 13, nr 2 (16.03.2020): 196–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.37936/ecti-cit.2019132.199862.
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This work presents a series of neurorobotic models underlying learning in robots. It demonstrates the way in which, during sensorimotor exploration, robots do not just gain knowledge about how to form movement primitives but also obtain a mental imagery capability. Mental imagery plays a key role in these computational models by accelerating learning processes of action sequencing tasks. The first experiment involves permitting a humanoid robot to learn how to retrieve an out-of-reach object using a provided tool. This experiment explores a phenomenon on tool use development found in human infants. In addition, it tests two hypotheses on tool use development. The second experiment extends the domain of robot learning by targeting a useful robotic application. It drives a service robot to learn to acquire knowledge of how to manipulate perceived objects based on the objects’ information and a goal from users. By means of planning, learning the sequence of actions in mind, the robots are able to learn by examining actions’ outcome without really performing actions. This allows the second model to completely exclude parts of overt movements from the training loop. The results confirm that two types of robots can complete their given tasks in a reasonable period of time. The proposed models would benefit robotic applications in terms of online learning.
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Ganesh*, Dr C. Naga, Dr Nagaraja P i P. Sumalatha. "Work Life Balance of Women Employees of it Sector during Remote Working". International Journal of Management and Humanities 5, nr 7 (30.03.2021): 62–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijmh.g1267.035721.
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In this paper, an endeavor has been made to track down the professional and the personal difficulties and enhancers for work life balance among working women during work from home through a study of 100 ladies working in the IT area in India. The primary difficulties in professional life were discovered to be expanded working hours, travel time from home to work place, and additional tasks engaged by them. Where as in personal life, the primary anxieties were blame from elders for not being taken care of family. Most of the women would incline toward adaptable planning, flexi-time, and strong spouse, family, and companions just as a climate helpful for work at the workplace.
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Tamrat, Elsabet, i Malcolm Smith. "Telecommuting and Perceived Productivity: An Australian Case Study". Journal of Management & Organization 8, nr 1 (2002): 44–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1833367200005149.
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AbstractThe concept of widespread “telecommuting” in a community envisages the presence of large numbers of employees who, instead of commuting to work, perform either all or a significant fraction of their tasks at home. It is widely accepted that large-scale adoption of telecommuting is just a matter of time in those countries with the necessary telecommunications infrastructure.This paper reports on the conduct of a telecommuting project in a large Australian organisation. The data and the analyses demonstrate that, overall, the telecommuting project has been successful and brought benefits to both the employees and the organisation. The results also indicate the presence of strong positive links between the relationship/interactions telecommuters had with their supervisors, and the telecommuters' perception both of their own productivity, and their levels of satisfaction with the telecommuting experience. The tasks which telecommuters performed were also related to the employees' perception of productivity and job satisfaction.
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Tamrat, Elsabet, i Malcolm Smith. "Telecommuting and Perceived Productivity: An Australian Case Study". Journal of the Australian and New Zealand Academy of Management 8, nr 1 (2002): 44–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5172/jmo.2002.8.1.44.
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AbstractThe concept of widespread “telecommuting” in a community envisages the presence of large numbers of employees who, instead of commuting to work, perform either all or a significant fraction of their tasks at home. It is widely accepted that large-scale adoption of telecommuting is just a matter of time in those countries with the necessary telecommunications infrastructure.This paper reports on the conduct of a telecommuting project in a large Australian organisation. The data and the analyses demonstrate that, overall, the telecommuting project has been successful and brought benefits to both the employees and the organisation. The results also indicate the presence of strong positive links between the relationship/interactions telecommuters had with their supervisors, and the telecommuters' perception both of their own productivity, and their levels of satisfaction with the telecommuting experience. The tasks which telecommuters performed were also related to the employees' perception of productivity and job satisfaction.
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Thorning, L. "Introduction of new computing facilities at the Geological Survey of Greenland". Rapport Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse 140 (31.12.1988): 7–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.34194/rapggu.v140.8023.
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From a cautious start in the use of computers in the early 1970s, the Geological Survey of Greenland has developed complex and varied uses of modern computer facilities for both scientific and administrative tasks. GGU's first computer installation, a noisy TTY connected to the Computing Centre of Copenhagen University by a 110 baud telephone modem, was a selfservice facility which was not easy to use. Over the years, first with use of a PDP-10 with just one Tektronix 4014 graphic terminal and later a succession of increasingly powerful PDP-11s with many terminals, GGU's in-house facilities just kept ahead of the ever increasing demand for computer services. At the same time a number of programs for special tasks were developed on external facilities, because they required larger computers or special facilities. In the 1980s the demands on the computer facilitiesrequiring many different types of programs, including word processing, had grown so large that GGU's in-house system could no longer handle them satisfactorily. A major reorganisation was required, and consequently activities were divided between personal computers (PCs; mainly administrative) and a new central computer (mainly scientific). This development took place in late 1986 with the purchase of 17 new personal computers and a new central computer with accessory peripheral equipment. This has allowed an increasing integration of computer methods into GGU's activities. A brief summary is given below.
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Wierciak, Anna. "STUDENT-GENERATED COMMUNICATION ACTIVITIES IN AN ENGLISH FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES COURSE". Neofilolog, nr 51/2 (11.12.2018): 225–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/n.2018.51.2.8.
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Designing English for Specific Purposes (ESP) courses is a challenging task. The teacher often has to cope with time constraints, shortage of resources as well as his or her insufficient knowledge of a given field of study. Students enrolled in a course are often consulted about the source of materials for instruction. The process of developing ESP tasks can be made easier and less time-consuming by means of employing student-generated communication activities which draw on learner-based approaches to teaching. The paper contains a collection of student-generated tasks that can be successfully used at the preparatory, follow-up or main stage of an ESP class. In the author’s teaching context on numerous occasions they have triggered lively exchanges between students: discussion, brainstorming, or negotiation. Student-generated activities naturally develop collaboration and autonomy, which are essential in the workplace environment. Just like communication skills, they have to be taught explicitly due to the fact that in the area of soft skills there exist considerable differences at the personal and culture-specific level. Finally, since students’ specialist knowledge is usually much better than that of the teacher, student-generated activities tend to be to the point, up-to date, or more precise with respect to the course objectives.
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Adewumi, Tosin, Foteini Liwicki i Marcus Liwicki. "Word2Vec: Optimal hyperparameters and their impact on natural language processing downstream tasks". Open Computer Science 12, nr 1 (1.01.2022): 134–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/comp-2022-0236.
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Abstract Word2Vec is a prominent model for natural language processing tasks. Similar inspiration is found in distributed embeddings (word-vectors) in recent state-of-the-art deep neural networks. However, wrong combination of hyperparameters can produce embeddings with poor quality. The objective of this work is to empirically show that Word2Vec optimal combination of hyper-parameters exists and evaluate various combinations. We compare them with the publicly released, original Word2Vec embedding. Both intrinsic and extrinsic (downstream) evaluations are carried out, including named entity recognition and sentiment analysis. Our main contributions include showing that the best model is usually task-specific, high analogy scores do not necessarily correlate positively with F1 scores, and performance is not dependent on data size alone. If ethical considerations to save time, energy, and the environment are made, then relatively smaller corpora may do just as well or even better in some cases. Increasing the dimension size of embeddings after a point leads to poor quality or performance. In addition, using a relatively small corpus, we obtain better WordSim scores, corresponding Spearman correlation, and better downstream performances (with significance tests) compared to the original model, which is trained on a 100 billion-word corpus.
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Vennebush, G. Patrick, Elizabeth Marquez i Joseph Larsen. "Embedding Algebraic Thinking throughout the Mathematics Curriculum". Mathematics Teaching in the Middle School 11, nr 2 (wrzesień 2005): 86–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mtms.11.2.0086.
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Like love, algebra is where you find it. You can locate it almost anywhere in the middle school curriculum if you know where to look and what to look for. But with so many demands on our time, we often forget to look. We take problems at face value, and we assume that a geometry problem is just a geometry problem or that a data analysis activity is only about data analysis. If we scratch below the surface, however, we can find rich opportunities for algebraic thinking lurking in number explorations, measurement tasks, and geometry investigations.
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Barot, Yashvi. "Data Base Management Systems Query Optimization Techniques for Distributed Database Systems". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, nr 10 (31.10.2021): 1535–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.38654.
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Abstract: The fundamental goal of this postulation is to introduce various models for single also as numerous inquiry handling in the Distributed data set framework which brings about less question handling cost. One of the significant issues in the plan and execution of Distributed Information Base Management Systems (DDBMS) is productive inquiry handling. The objective of dispersed inquiry improvement decreases to minimization of measure of information to be communicated among destinations for handling a given inquiry. The issue of question handling in DDBS (1 1) has been concentrated broadly in writing. In the greater part of calculations, the capability of the question will contain a grouping of tasks. In such cases, while executing tasks from right to left, as per the request for tasks in arrangement, the aftereffect of an activity might be an operand to the next activity. Since the tasks are subject to each other, at a moment in particular one activity at one site will be executed despite the fact that the climate is dispersed. Then frameworks at any remaining locales will be inactive for this inquiry. Another model, Totally Reducible Relation Model (CRK Medel), which permits parallelism and processes numerous tasks all the while at all important locales is introduced. It is expected that the tasks are in the type of conjunctions. So every activity can be handled freely. In this model at some moment, relations at every single significant site will be totally diminished by relating sets of every appropriate activity (Determinations, Semijoins and Joins) all the while. Thus, every connection will be checked just a single time to deal with all appropriate tasks by decreasing VO cost.
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Grill-Spector, Kalanit, i Nancy Kanwisher. "Visual Recognition". Psychological Science 16, nr 2 (luty 2005): 152–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0956-7976.2005.00796.x.
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What is the sequence of processing steps involved in visual object recognition? We varied the exposure duration of natural images and measured subjects' performance on three different tasks, each designed to tap a different candidate component process of object recognition. For each exposure duration, accuracy was lower and reaction time longer on a within-category identification task (e.g., distinguishing pigeons from other birds) than on a perceptual categorization task (e.g., birds vs. cars). However, strikingly, at each exposure duration, subjects performed just as quickly and accurately on the categorization task as they did on a task requiring only object detection: By the time subjects knew an image contained an object at all, they already knew its category. These findings place powerful constraints on theories of object recognition.
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Adelstein, B. D., E. M. Burns, S. R. Ellis i M. I. Hill. "Latency Discrimination Mechanisms in Virtual Environments: Velocity and Displacement Error Factors". Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 49, nr 26 (wrzesień 2005): 2221–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120504902601.
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Latency (time delay) in head-tracked virtual environments (VEs) is well known to disturb users' sense of presence as well as hinder performance in manipulation tasks. We have determined in previous studies that observers cannot rely solely on direct temporal detection of time delay. They, at least in part, perceive the consequent visual “slip” of the VE scene from its expected spatially stable location. By employing an occlusion technique, the present experiment enabled comparison of the influence of visual image displacement and velocity errors on observer discrimination of VE system latency when using head-mounted displays. The results show better latency sensitivity (i.e., lower Just Noticeable Differences, or JNDs) in situations where velocity error magnitude predominates over displacement error cues, even though the velocity errors were visible for shorter durations. Correlation analyses indicate that latency-induced velocity errors are most closely related to latency JND than displacement errors.
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Frolova, E. V. "Style of managerial decision-making by the head of a healthcare institution". Spravočnik vrača obŝej praktiki (Journal of Family Medicine), nr 10 (19.09.2022): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-10-2210-01.
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Functioning of any team often depends on how effective the leader’s activity is, how correctly s/he can select a team and set priorities, and how consistent s/he is in making decisions and fulfilling the tasks set, and the healthcare institution is no exception. The traditional approach to healthcare management involves the separation of medical and administrative tasks: doctors and nurses take care of patients, and administrative staff is responsible for managing the work of medical institutions. At the same time, the activities of all employees of medical institutions, both medical and administrative personnel, should be aimed at achieving a common goal: providing medical care by complying with the most stringent quality standards and efficient use of resources. Therefore, the head of a medical institution should be not just an experienced manager, but a competent doctor who is familiar with the protocols for providing medical care, algorithms and standards for conducting diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, and the basics of ethics and deontology.
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Akshaya AVR, Vigneshwaran S. i Ram Kumar C. "Artificial Intelligence is changing Health and eHealth care". EAI Endorsed Transactions on Smart Cities 6, nr 3 (21.09.2022): e3. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eetsc.v6i3.2274.
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Artificial Intelligence (AI) will be used more and more in the healthcare industry as a result of the complexity and growth of data in the sector. Payers, care providers, and life sciences organisations currently use a variety of AI technologies. The main application categories include recommendations for diagnosis and treatment, patient engagement and adherence, and administrative tasks. Although there are many situations in which AI can execute healthcare duties just as well as or better than humans, implementation issues will keep the jobs of healthcare professionals from becoming extensively automated for a substantial amount of time. The use of AI in healthcare and ethical concerns are also highlighted.
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Frank, Jeremy D., Kerry McGuire, Haifa R. Moses i Jerri Stephenson. "Developing Decision Aids to Enable Human Spaceflight Autonomy". AI Magazine 37, nr 4 (17.01.2017): 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aimag.v37i4.2683.
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As NASA explores destinations beyond the Moon, the distance between Earth and spacecraft will increase communication delays between astronauts and Mission Control. Today, astronauts coordinate with Mission Control to request assistance and await approval to perform tasks. Many of these coordination tasks require multiple exchanges of information, (for example, taking turns). In the presence of long communication delays, the length of time between turns may lead to inefficiency, or increased mission risk. Future astronauts will need software-based decision aids to enable them to work autonomously from Mission Control. These tools require the right combination of mission operations functions, for example, automated planning and fault management, troubleshooting recommendations, easy to access information, and just-in-time training. Ensuring these elements are properly designed and integrated requires an integrated human factors approach. This article describes a recent demonstration of autonomous mission operations using a novel software-based decision aid onboard the International Space Station. We describe how this new technology changes the way astronauts coordinate with mission control, and how the lessons learned from these early demonstrations will enable the operational autonomy needed to ensure astronauts can safely journey to Mars, and beyond.
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Li, Xiaojun, Weibing Wang, Ganghui Liu, Runze Li i Fei Li. "Optimizing the Path of Plug Tray Seedling Transplanting by Using the Improved A* Algorithm". Agriculture 12, nr 9 (25.08.2022): 1302. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12091302.
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In greenhouse nurseries, one of the important tasks of the automatic transplanter is replanting missing or bad seedling holes with healthy seedlings. This requires the transplanter to spend significant time moving between the supply trays and target trays during replanting. The diversity and complexity of the transplanting routes affect transplanter efficiency. Path planning method can find a better path for the manipulator and improve the efficiency of transplantation. The A* algorithm (A*), which is one of the optimal path search algorithms, is often used in practical applications of path planning. In this paper, the heuristic function of the A* is optimized by the ant colony algorithm (ACA), and an improved A* algorithm (Imp-A*) is obtained. Simulation tests and transplanting trials of Imp-A*, A*, ACA, Dijkstra (DA), and common sequence method (CSM) were carried out using 32-, 50-, 72-, and 128-hole plug trays. The results show that Imp-A* inherits the advantages of A* and ACA in terms of path planning length and computation time. Compared to A*, ACA, DA, and CSM, the transplanting time for Imp-A* was reduced by 2.4%, 12.84%, 11.63%, and 14.27%, respectively. In just six trays of transplanting tasks, Imp-A* saves 60.91 s compared to CSM, with an average time saving of 10.15 s per tray. The combination optimization algorithm has similar application prospects in agriculture.
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Costa, Sigourney, Rebecca J. St George, James Scott McDonald, Xinyi Wang i Jane Alty. "Diagnostic Accuracy of the Overlapping Infinity Loops, Wire Cube, and Clock Drawing Tests in Subjective Cognitive Decline, Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia". Geriatrics 7, nr 4 (5.07.2022): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics7040072.
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Figure drawing tasks are commonly used standalone or as part of broader screening tests to detect cognitive impairment. Only one study has compared the classification accuracy of three common drawing tasks—overlapping infinity loops, wire cube, and the clock drawing task (CDT)—in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia, but age and education, which impact performance, were not accounted for. We replicated the research, adjusting for age and education and, for the first time, assessed subjective cognitive decline (SCD) too. Participants were recruited from the Tasmanian ISLAND Cognitive Clinic and healthy controls from a community sample. All participants completed the three figure drawing tasks. The clinic patients were categorised according to interdisciplinary consensus diagnosis. Binomial logistic regression and area under ROC curves (AUC) were calculated to determine the discriminatory ability of each drawing task. Overall, 112 adults were recruited; 51 had normal cognition (NC), 21 SCD, 24 MCI, and 16 had dementia. The infinity loops test did not discriminate any of the groups, casting some doubt on its usefulness. The wire cube discriminated NC from dementia (AUC 0.7; p < 0.05). The CDT discriminated NC from dementia (AUC 0.77; p < 0.01), NC from cognitive impairment (dementia + MCI; AUC 0.59; p < 0.05), and MCI from dementia (AUC 0.76; p < 0.01). None of the tests discriminated NC from MCI or NC from SCD. The CDT was the most discriminatory test, followed by the wire cube. This may help guide clinicians who often choose just one figure drawing task due to time constraints or patient fatigue.