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1
Akabayashi, Akira, Eisuke Nakazawa i Katsumi Mori. "Do Papers with Japanese Authors Have a Different Number of Authors? A Follow-Up Study after 25 Years and Implication for Other Countries". Publications 10, nr 4 (7.10.2022): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/publications10040038.
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A follow-up study was conducted 25 years after the 1997 British Medical Journal report. Articles with at least one Japanese author were defined as ‘Article by Japanese’ and those with no Japanese authors were defined as ‘Article by Non-Japanese’. The number of authors per article for the years 2000, 2010, and 2020 in Circulation, Circulation Research, and the Japanese Circulation Journal was studied. Results are: (1) In all journals and all years covered, ‘Article by Japanese’ had more authors per article than ‘Article by Non-Japanese’. Twenty-five years later, the results were similar. (2) Comparison by year revealed that all journals showed increases with time in the number of authors per article. We have discussed the problem of the Science Council of Japan’s statement, influence on practising physicians and sample providers, and influence on international collaborations. This 25-year follow-up study highlights once again the need for global discussions on the qualifications for authorship in research studies.
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Sipos, George. "Masks of the Author in Dazai Osamu’s Fiction". Theory in Action 15, nr 4 (31.10.2022): 47–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3798/tia.1937-0237.2226.
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The present article reexamines the work of Japanese modern writer Dazai Osamu (1909-1948)2 in an attempt to revisit its conventional placement within the tradition of the modern Japanese literary category of the shishōsetsu (approximately, I-novel). By briefly exploring the very elements and definitions of the category itself, as well as Dazai’s literary evolution, the article endeavors to understand what led to the works of his final years life and to the change in narrative techniques that makes those works Dazai’s best writings and some of the most accomplished in modern Japanese literature. KEYWORDS: Dazai Osamu, Authenticity, Author-Function, Michel Foucault, Modern Japanese Fiction, Shishōsetsu
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YAMANISHI, Fumiko. "Social attributes of article authors in Japanese literature and Japanese linguistics". Joho Chishiki Gakkaishi 19, nr 1 (2009): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2964/jsik.19-15.
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Zahara, Mina, i Agus Fiadi. "Sistem Pemerintahan Jepang Pada Muslim Jambi Syu Tahun 1942-1945". Ishlah: Jurnal Ilmu Ushuluddin, Adab dan Dakwah 4, nr 1 (21.06.2022): 131–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.32939/ishlah.v4i1.147.
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This research is motivated by the author's observations on Japanese heritage in Jambi. Whether in the form of documents, objects and buildings. Meanwhile, the information regarding the Japanese occupation in Jambi is still insufficient and complete. Therefore the authors are interested in raising the title Reconstruction of the Dynamics of the Japanese Occupation Government in Jambi Syu. 1942-1945 AD. The research objective was to describe the state of Jambi prior to the Japanese occupation. Then describe the history of the Japanese entry in Jambi. Next, he describes the government system that was applied during the Japanese occupation in Jambi. This type of research is literature research using descriptive analytical methods with a historical approach using historical method work steps, the researcher will try to describe and tell what the author found in a thesis entitled Reconstruction of the Dynamics of Japanese Occupation Government in Jambi Syu. 1942-1945 AD. The results of this study indicate that before Japan conquered the Jambi residency, Japan first carried out propaganda in various aspects. Only then did Japan conquer. The government system used by Japan is different from the government system applied during the Dutch administration. the government system applied is a militaristic government sistem. This change has had a profound impact on the lives of the people of Jambi. Although using a different government system, the government structure used follows the old structure with changes in the pronunciation of each position into Japanese.
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Hou, Bin, Hiroaki Ogata, Masayuki Miyata, Mengmeng Li i Yuqin Liu. "JAMIOLAS 3.0". International Journal of Mobile and Blended Learning 2, nr 1 (styczeń 2010): 40–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jmbl.2010010103.
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In this article, the authors propose an improved context-aware system to support the learning of Japanese mimicry and onomatopoeia (MIO) using sensor data. In the authors’ two previous studies, they proposed a context-aware language learning assistant system named JAMIOLAS (JApanese MImicry and Onomatopoeia Learning Assistant System). The authors used wearable sensors and sensor networks, respectively, to support learning Japanese MIO. To address the disadvantages of the previous systems, the authors propose a new learning model that can support learning MIO, using sensor data and the sensor network to enable context-aware learning by either initiating the creation of context or detecting context automatically.
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Popov, Grigorij. "Japan vs the United States (1941—1945). People and Machines". ISTORIYA 12, nr 12-2 (110) (2021): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840015908-7.
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The authors study the military potential of the Japanese Empire and its changes during the Pacific War in order to understand the role of the Pacific Theater of Operations in World War II. In this regard, the authors basing on the losses suffered by Japan on various fronts define the role of the USSR in the defeat of militaristic Japan. They argue that the contribution of the USSR to the victory of the Anti-Hitler coalition in Asia consists mainly in shackling significant forces of the Japanese army in Manchuria and Korea until the end of the summer of 1945, which did not allow the Japanese military to win to a large extent in the southwestern provinces of China, thereby ensuring direct communication with Burma. As for the defeat of the Japanese Air Force, which was the main striking force of Japanese militarism, there was a decisive contribution of the United States, whose Air Force also caused significant damage to Japanese industry by the summer of 1945 with strategic bombing. In this regard, the authors question the need for atomic bombing, which accelerated the surrender of Japan, but did not make it, as the authors prove, inevitable. The authors see the main reason for Japan's defeat in the strategy of its High command, putting the economy in second place. The Japanese admirals exaggerated the capabilities of carrier-based aircraft too much, which became a fatal factor for Japan in the Pacific war. The authors also claim that the actions of the Allied troops in Burma played a significant role in the defeat of Japan.
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Koizumi, Shiho, Kazuki Ide, Carl Becker, Tomoe Uchida, Miho Ishizaki, Akane Hashimoto, Shota Suzuki i in. "Research integrity in Instructions for Authors in Japanese medical journals using ICMJE Recommendations: A descriptive literature study". PLOS ONE 19, nr 7 (16.07.2024): e0305707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0305707.
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Background The International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) has published Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing, and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals. These provide a global standard for writing and editing medical articles, including research integrity. However, no study has examined the research integrity-related content of Japanese medical journals’ Instructions for Authors. We therefore compared research integrity content in ICMJE member journals with those in the English- and Japanese-language journals of the Japanese Association of Medical Sciences (JAMS). Materials and methods This was a descriptive literature study. We obtained Instructions for Authors from English- and Japanese-language journals listed on the JAMS website and the ICMJE member journals listed on the ICMJE website as of September 1, 2021. We compared the presence of 20 topics (19 in the ICMJE Recommendations plus compliance with ICMJE) in the Instructions for Authors, and analyzed the content of the conflict of interest disclosure. Results We evaluated 12 ICMJE member journals, and 82 English-language and 99 Japanese-language subcommittee journals. The median number of topics covered was 10.5 for ICMJE member journals, 10 for English-language journals, and three for Japanese-language journals. Compliance with ICMJE was mentioned by 10 (83%) ICMJE member journals, 75 (91%) English-language journals, and 29 (29%) Japanese-language journals. The ICMJE Conflicts of Interest Disclosure Form was requested by seven (64%) ICMJE member journals, 15 (18%) English-language journals, and one (1%) Japanese-language journal. Conclusions Although the topics in the JAMS English-language journals resembled those in the ICMJE member journals, the median value of ICMJE-related topic inclusion was approximately one-third lower in JAMS Japanese-language journals than in ICMJE member journals. It is hoped that Japanese-language journals whose conflict of interest disclosure policies differ from ICMJE standards will adopt international standards to deter misconduct and ensure publication quality.
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Ermakov, Dmitrii Nikolaevich. "Political assessment of the events of the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937-1939) in the writings of German official military representatives." Конфликтология / nota bene, nr 3 (marzec 2022): 16–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0617.2022.3.38105.
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The article examines the assessments of German military specialists of the processes of the initial period of the Sino-Japanese War. The authors are based on previously little-known documents from the Central Archive of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, some of these documents are being put into circulation for the first time. The article reflects the struggle of ideologies on the territory of China during the latter's military clash with Japan. The authors show on the basis of German documents the harsh anti-communist nature of Japanese policy in the occupied Chinese territories, but they also address the problem of Japanese chauvinism in the late 1930s. In this regard, the failure of the strategy of the Japanese occupation authorities aimed at splitting Chinese society is justified. The author shows that Japan was not economically ready in 1939 to wage war against the USSR and China at the same time, in this regard, the article pays much attention to the economic issues of the Second Sino-Japanese War. The relevance of the article is due to the lack of widely published materials in the activities of German military representatives who turned out to be observers of the second Sino-Japanese War. It is important to get reliable information about the essence and origins of the Sino-Japanese conflict. The scientific novelty lies in the analysis of the role of Alexander von Falkenhausen at the initial stage of the Sino-Japanese War and during the preparation of the Chiang Kai-shek regime for it. The authors also touch upon the issue of strategic miscalculations of the Japanese high command at the initial stage of the Second Sino-Japanese War, and the problem of shortcomings in Chiang Kai-shek's strategy is also touched upon. The authors also touch upon the issue of strategic miscalculations of the Japanese high command at the initial stage of the Second Sino-Japanese War, and the problem of shortcomings in Chiang Kai-shek's strategy is also touched upon.
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Fujii, Tomoko, Tasuku Matsuyama, Jiro Takeuchi, Masahiko Hara, Tetsuhisa Kitamura i Keiko Yamauchi-Takihara. "Women among First Authors in Japanese Cardiovascular Journal". International Heart Journal 59, nr 2 (2018): 372–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1536/ihj.17-187.
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Bennett, Charles L., Brian Chen, Terhi Hermanson, Peter Georgantopoulos i Oliver A. Sartor. "Japanese regulatory authority's perspective on biosimilars – Authors' reply". Lancet Oncology 16, nr 3 (marzec 2015): e102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1470-2045(15)70047-1.
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Fukushima, Tadao, i Toshihiko Kawachi. "Instructions to Authors (II) : Preparation of Japanese Manuscripts". Journal of Rainwater Catchment Systems 4, nr 1 (1998): 60–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.7132/jrcsa.kj00003257797.
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Fukushima, Tadao, i Toshihiko Kawachi. "Instructions to Authors (II) : Preparation of Japanese Manuscripts". Journal of Rainwater Catchment Systems 4, nr 2 (1999): 47–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.7132/jrcsa.kj00003257814.
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Fukushima, Tadao, i Toshihiko Kawachi. "Instructions to Authors (II) : Preparation of Japanese Manuscripts". Journal of Rainwater Catchment Systems 5, nr 1 (1999): 37–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.7132/jrcsa.kj00003257830.
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Fukushima, Tadao, i Toshihiko Kawachi. "Instructions to Authors (II) : Preparation of Japanese Manuscripts". Journal of Rainwater Catchment Systems 5, nr 2 (2000): 62–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.7132/jrcsa.kj00003257850.
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Fukushima, Tadao, i Toshihiko Kawachi. "Instructions to Authors (II) : Preparation of Japanese Manuscripts". Journal of Rainwater Catchment Systems 6, nr 1 (2000): 46–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.7132/jrcsa.kj00003257865.
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Fukushima, Tadao, i Toshihiko Kawachi. "Instructions to Authors (II) : Preparation of Japanese Manuscripts". Journal of Rainwater Catchment Systems 6, nr 2 (2001): 57–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.7132/jrcsa.kj00003257885.
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Fukushima, Tadao, i Toshihiko Kawachi. "Instructions to Authors (II) : Preparation of Japanese Manuscripts". Journal of Rainwater Catchment Systems 7, nr 1 (2001): 52–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.7132/jrcsa.kj00003257901.
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Fukushima, Tadao, i Toshihiko Kawachi. "Instructions to Authors (II) : Preparation of Japanese Manuscripts". Journal of Rainwater Catchment Systems 7, nr 2 (2002): 59–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.7132/jrcsa.kj00003257918.
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Fukushima, Tadao, i Toshihiko Kawachi. "Instructions to Authors (II) : Preparation of Japanese Manuscripts". Journal of Rainwater Catchment Systems 8, nr 1 (2002): 50–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.7132/jrcsa.kj00003257933.
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Roerecke, Michael, Jürgen Rehm i Manuela Neuman. "Alcohol and steatosis: The Japanese paradox — Authors' reply". EBioMedicine 8 (czerwiec 2016): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.05.022.
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Popov, Grigorij. "The first year of the Pacific War. Prospects of the Belligerents". Vostok. Afro-aziatskie obshchestva: istoriia i sovremennost, nr 5 (2023): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s086919080025257-9.
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The article provides a military-historical analysis of the development of events at the initial stage of the War in the Pacific and in East Asia from Japan's attack on the United States to the Battle of Guadalcanal inclusive. The authors aim to answer the question whether the US victory was an accident caused by strategic mistakes of the Japanese command, or whether it was an inevitable pattern. In the work, the authors also try to find out what was the role of the mobilizations in USA and Japan in the first year of the Pacific War in the development of relevant events. The article discusses strategies, in connection with which the authors come to the conclusion that there was no unity among the representatives of the highest military leadership of the Japanese Empire in matters of the directions of the offensives carried out by the imperial armed forces. The authors show the connection between the peculiarities of the mobilization of the armed forces of Japan, USA and Great Britain and the development of events at the initial stage of the War in the Pacific. It is emphasized that the Soviet factor and the resulting expenditure of resources on building up the offensive potential of the Kwantung Army, which absorbed the most prepared ground units, had a negative impact on the long-term plans of the Japanese armed forces. The authors assign great importance to the Battle for Guadalcanal, which due to the diversion of Japan's transport tonnage had a serious impact on the course of the entire Second World War in Asia. The authors pay much attention to the issue of the offensive of Japanese troops in Burma in early 1942 and the prospects of the Japanese invasion of India, they believe that the Japanese high command made a major strategic mistake by refusing to further advance in the western direction. On the other hand, the authors consider the defeat of the British in Burma as a result of the mistakes of the British War Cabinet and the peculiarities of the mobilization of human potential in the British Empire. The authors conclude that the Japanese Empire had a chance of winning the War in the Pacific in 1942.
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Taylor, Charles R., George R. Franke i Michael L. Maynard. "Attitudes toward Direct Marketing and its Regulation: A Comparison of the United States and Japan". Journal of Public Policy & Marketing 19, nr 2 (wrzesień 2000): 228–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jppm.19.2.228.17127.
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The authors propose that the high-context nature of Japanese communication and the collectivistic nature of Japanese culture have an impact on attitudes toward direct marketing and its regulation. The results of a survey of Japanese and U.S. university students suggest that certain types of direct marketing messages are less effective in Japan than in the United States. The results also indicate a greater willingness by Japanese respondents to support regulation of direct marketing practices. The authors discuss managerial implications of the findings for multinational marketers and advertisers and suggest public policy implications for direct marketing in Japan.
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Mosyakov, D. V., i A. V. Tatarinova. "Forming the Image of Modern Russia in Japan". South East Asia: Actual problems of Development, nr 1(46) (2020): 462–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.31696/2072-8271-2020-1-1-46-462-482.
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The article analyzes forming the image of modern Russia in Japan. The authors point out that along with the territorial claims of the Japanese regarding the islands belonging to Russia, the negative attitude of the Japanese towards our country is formed by false stereotypes and prejudices. Analyzing the development of relations between countries, the authors attempt to find out the factors that have a particular influence on the image of Russia and Russians in the minds of the Japanese.
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Okuhata, Yutaka. "Angela Carter and Modern Japanese Fiction: Her Reencounter with Western Literary Legacies". Contemporary Women's Writing 16, nr 2 (1.07.2022): 208–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cww/vpac019.
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Abstract This paper discusses the echo of modern Japanese literature in Angela Carter’s The Infernal Desire Machines of Doctor Hoffman (1972), which was written in Tokyo and Chiba, paying particular attention to four of the most influential authors in this intertextual novel: Junichiro Tanizaki, Ryunosuke Akutagawa, Yasunari Kawabata, and Yukio Mishima. Significantly, as well as being innovators of Japanese fiction, these writers were also great reinterpreters of Western literary legacies, who constructed their own original styles by absorbing both Japanese and non-Japanese literary traditions. The article, therefore, explores how Carter reencountered Western literary legacies through reading modern Japanese literature in order to clarify her feminist and political responses to the reinterpretation of the European and American canon by authors from the Far East.
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Михайлова, Ю. Д. "О культурной составляющей современных учебников японского языка". Известия Восточного института 47, nr 3 (2020): 122–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.24866/2542-1611/2020-3/122-136.
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В статье приводится сравнительный анализ культурных компонентов двух учебников японского языка – японского и российского по методу контент-анализа по шкале М. Байрона. Российский учебник сосредоточивает внимание только на японской культуре, но в то же время вычленяет пласты жизни общества, из которых «вырастают» ценностные ориентации и особенности мышления. Материал японского учебника позволяет показать японскую культуру в сопоставлении с другими, дает возможность расширить межкультурную компетентность; его можно использовать как подспорье для работы и жизни в Японии. В статье даются рекомендации, позволяющие усовершенствовать процесс включения культурного компонента. This paper analyzes cultural components of two Japanese language textbooks, which were acknowledged to be the best during the student surveys carried out in Russia. The comparison of cultural components is based on the content analysis method introduced by M. Byram. The authors of the Japanese textbooks use materials, which allow them to examine Japanese culture in conjunction with other cultures. Therefore, their textbook provides an opportunity to raise students’ cultural awareness in a broader international context. The authors of the Russian textbook concentrate on Japanese culture emphasizing only its “uniqueness” and attempt to reveal layers of culture and society that gave birth to values and peculiarities of mentality Differences in the cultural components of the textbooks correlate with the goals of language education in each country. In Russia, textbooks aim at students who are interested mainly in Japan itself. In Japan, textbooks serve the needs of those who intend to live and work in Japan, so that intercultural competence for them becomes a must. The article provides some recommendations on how to engage students better in the process of learning culture.
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Kim, Woon Tai. "일제의 식민지정책". Korean Journal of Policy Studies 1 (31.12.1986): 107–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.52372/kjps01008.
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Based on the author's recent book on Japanese Colonial Rule in Korea, this article begins with a brief review of the formulation, development, and the essential characteristics of the Japanese Imperialism. Dividing the period of the Japanese colonial rule into the four stages of preparation (1905-1910). formulation (1910-1919), appeasement (1919-1931), communications basing & wartime mobilization (1931-1945), the author tried to outline the policies of each period. Finally the characteristics of Japanese colonial policies and their impacts on the post-emancipatory politics and administration of Korea are examined.
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Bennett, Phillip A., i Daniel Hooper. "Picking Through Our Baggage: A Duoethnography of Japanese L2 Learning". Studies in Self-Access Learning Journal 14, nr 3 (19.09.2023): 363–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.37237/1403007.
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Across our lifelong learning journeys, we encounter countless positive and negative experiences that come to shape our evolving perspectives. As language learning can certainly be viewed as a lifelong endeavor, this accrued emotional “baggage” (Falout et al., 2015) will conceivably affect the way we perceive the act of learning or, indeed, the target language itself. In this duoethnographic study, the authors, two learners of Japanese, explore the ways in which their attitudes towards language learning have been shaped by their historical life trajectories. The authors recorded critical conversations, took reflective notes, and collaboratively analyzed this data using reflexive thematic analysis. Through the juxtaposition of their backgrounds and unique struggles with Japanese, the authors attempted to engage in transformative dialogue that challenged established personal narratives and facilitated deeper self-understanding. Through this duoethnographic study, the authors discovered that their attitudes towards standardized testing and communicative proficiency in Japanese were profoundly shaped by historical and sociocultural factors that even predated their arrival in Japan. In a concluding discussion, some implications of this study, as well as duoethnography more broadly, were also examined by the authors.
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Popov, Grigorij. "The Khalkhin Gol Conflict and Japan’s Foreign Policy in 1939 – early 1941 (Review of Japanese Historiography)". Vostok. Afro-aziatskie obshchestva: istoriia i sovremennost, nr 2 (2023): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s086919080022126-5.
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The authors look into the history and events of the Khalkhin Gol war through the prism of political and economic processes in East Asia, using rare historical sources that usually fall under the radar of most researchers. The Japanese troops in the Khalkha River area stopped hostilities due to the position of the country’s top politicians. The authors show that decisions of the Japanese government were determined by China's unyielding resistance against the aggression and the difficult economic situation in Japan, which had lost access to a number of foreign markets after 1 September 1939, causing its interest in the Soviet Trans-Siberian Railway as an alternative route for trade with Europe including Germany. Moreover, the authors point out that one of the key factors that prompted Japanese leadership to agree to peace negotiations with Moscow and stop escalating the military aggression against the USSR was the effectiveness of the Red Army’s actions in Khalkhin Gol. At the same time, Japan’s military expenses significantly increased as a result of the Nomongan conflict. However, as the article proves by concrete examples, the Japanese militarists did not fully abandon their plans of a war against USSR. At the same time, the authors demonstrate that by 1941 Japanese military leaders had reached a dead end in their strategic planning against Soviet Union. Their projects turned out to be inefficient for tasks and goals that had emerged as a result of the Red Army’s victory at Khalkhin Gol.
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Rincón-Borrego, Iván, i Ramón Rodríguez-Llera. "Nordic Memories of the East. Tetsuro Yoshida and the myth of traditional Japanese house in Erik Gunnar Asplund, Aino Aalto and Alvar Aalto". VLC arquitectura. Research Journal 9, nr 1 (29.04.2022): 27–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/vlc.2022.15603.
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Traditional Japanese architecture played an important role in the development of modern European architecture, especially from the beginning of the 20th century. Based on this extensively documented thesis, the influence of Japanese culture and the traditional Japanese house on the figures of Erik Gunnar Asplund, Aino Aalto and Alvar Aalto, especially during the 1930s, is analysed. The study describes how these authors found inspiration in the East, as well as their contacts and sources of reference. Finally, it explains the extent to which they reinterpreted Japanese aesthetics in their designs, especially analysing the case of the Villa Mairea winter garden. In this context, the research points to the decisive role played by the figure of Tetsuro Yoshida and his text Das japanische Wohnhaus (1935) for the interests and designs of these Nordic authors.
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Kim, KyoungOk, Yuta Toyomaru, Hong-Wei Li i Masayuki Takatera. "Country of manufacture in garment marketability by Japanese and Chinese experts". International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology 32, nr 1 (19.11.2019): 119–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcst-03-2018-0034.
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Purpose The authors compared garments made in Poland, Japan and China to investigate the effect of country of manufacture (COM) on garment marketability by Japanese and Chinese experts. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the differences between the Japanese and Chinese experts. Design/methodology/approach The authors compared ten jackets and ten skirts manufactured by four factories in Poland, Japan and China and one Japanese sample maker using five different textiles. The authors provided the same specifications and sample pattern to each of the garment makers. The garment’s marketability was evaluated by 16 Japanese and 18 Chinese experts using a questionnaire survey, considering garment shape, silhouette, face fabric, sub-materials, anticipated appeal to consumers, sewing and ironing skills, and estimated selling price. Findings There were high correlations between the Japanese experts’ estimated selling price and evaluation scores in relation to shape, silhouette and face fabric. There were high correlations between the Chinese experts’ estimated selling price and evaluation scores in relation to all items except for face fabric and buttons. However, there were no significant differences between manufacturing countries. Therefore, the garment quality was not dependent on COM because the manufacturing skills of all selected factories were adequate. Originality/value This study experimentally investigated the effect of COM on garment marketability by evaluating garments manufactured in Japan, China and Poland using the same pattern and specification sheet. Moreover, these results show differences between the Japanese and Chinese experts for the COM effect.
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Nakata, Yoshinori, Yuichi Watanabe, Hiroto Narimatsu, Tatsuya Yoshimura, Hiroshi Otake i Tomohiro Sawa. "Japanese surgical resource utilization in 2016". International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance 32, nr 6 (8.07.2019): 1013–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhcqa-07-2018-0170.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine from the viewpoint of resource utilization the Japanese surgical payment system which was revised in April 2016. Design/methodology/approach The authors collected data from surgical records in the Teikyo University electronic medical record system from April 1 till September 30, 2016. The authors defined the decision-making unit as a surgeon with the highest academic rank in the surgery. Inputs were defined as the number of medical doctors who assisted surgery, and the time of operation from skin incision to closure. An output was defined as the surgical fee. The authors calculated each surgeon’s efficiency score using output-oriented Charnes–Cooper–Rhodes model of data envelopment analysis. The authors compared the efficiency scores of each surgical specialty using the Kruskal–Wallis and the Steel method. Findings The authors analyzed 2,558 surgical procedures performed by 109 surgeons. The difference in efficiency scores was significant (p = 0.000). The efficiency score of neurosurgery was significantly greater than obstetrics and gynecology, general surgery, orthopedics, emergency surgery, urology, otolaryngology and plastic surgery (p<0.05). Originality/value The authors demonstrated that the surgeons’ efficiency was significantly different among their specialties. This suggests that the Japanese surgical reimbursement scales fail to reflect resource utilization despite the revision in 2016.
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Mueller, Charles. "A Comparison of Introductions in Japanese-Authored Japanese Articles, Japanese-Authored English Articles, and Articles by English Native Speakers". JALT Journal 39, nr 1 (1.05.2017): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.37546/jaltjj39.1-2.
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According to Swales’s (2004) analysis of research articles (RAs), introductions generally involve three “moves,” with Move 1 (M1) establishing a research territory, Move 2 (M2) identifying a gap in existing research, and Move 3 (M3) discussing how the current research addresses this gap. Some cross-linguistic studies have suggested that Asian writers organize introductions differently from English writers, with less use of M2, less employment of direct criticism of previous research, and more cycling of moves. The current study examined 75 applied linguistics RAs written during the last decade: (a) in English by English native speakers, (b) in Japanese by Japanese native speakers, and (c) in English by Japanese native speakers. Analysis showed that the RAs written by these three groups exhibited only minor differences. The results suggest that Japanese-authored RAs and English native-speaker RAs are converging around an agreed-upon set of disciplinary expectations. Swales（2004)の文献研究における分析によると、序文には一般的に次の3つの「ムーブ（動き）」が含まれる。ムーブ1（M1）では研究領域について述べ、ムーブ2（M2）では先行研究では明らかでないことを特定し、ムーブ3（M3）では当該研究においてM2を如何に明らかにするかを示す。既存の交差言語的研究では、アジアの研究者による序文の構成は英語を母語とする研究者のそれとは異なり、M2や先行研究の直接的な批評が少なく、ムーブの繰り返しが多いことが示唆されている。本研究では、過去10年間に発表された応用言語学の研究論文75本を（a）英語を母語とする者の英語の論文、（b）日本語を母語とする者の日本語の論文、（c）日本語を母語とする者の英語の論文の3つに分け分析した。その結果、この3グループ間にはわずかな相違しか見られなかった。このことから、論文執筆者の母語が日本語か英語かに関わらず、双方によって書かれた研究論文は、合意された当該研究領域の期待の範囲内にまとまっていると示唆される。
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Heine, Steven J., i Darrin R. Lehman. "Culture, Dissonance, and Self-Affirmation". Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 23, nr 4 (kwiecień 1997): 389–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167297234005.
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Within the framework of self-affirmation theory, the authors compared levels of dissonance reduction in the free-choice paradigm between a culture typical of an independent construal of self (Canadian) and a culture typical of an interdependent construal of self (Japanese). Whereas Canadian results virtually duplicated past self-affirmation findings with U.S. participants, Japanese results showed no dissonance reduction. This, the authors argue, is because such situations do not threaten core aspects of the interdependent self:
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Hong, Paul C., Kainan Wang, Xu Zhang i Youngwon Park. "Trend analysis of Global Fortune 500 firms: a comparative study of Chinese and Japanese firms". Benchmarking: An International Journal 24, nr 1 (6.02.2017): 50–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bij-12-2014-0110.
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Purpose Over the decade the trend of Global Fortune 500 firms has shown significant changes – Japanese and Chinese firms in particular. The purpose of this paper is to present trend analysis of Global Fortune 500 – Japanese and Chinese firms. Key research questions are: what are the relevant macro-level changes that have affected the growth and decline of Japanese and Chinese firms? What are the industry-level changes that have occurred in Japanese and Chinese firms in terms of firm characteristics and financial performances? What are the lessons and implications from the firms added to or removed from Global Fortune 500? Data analysis is conducted based on Fortune database from 1995 to 2013. Design/methodology/approach The study employs descriptive analysis to examine the trend of Japanese and Chinese firms listed in Global Fortune 500 including: based on revenue and profit figures from 1995 to 2013; the authors perform trend analysis for each of those five types from 1995 to 2013; the authors replicate the analyses for different industry types in terms of the above five types; the authors compare the performances of Japanese and Chinese firms; based on 2011-2013 data, the authors conduct more in-depth analysis for selected firms. Findings The findings suggest five distinct types of firms including “Sustainables,” “New Comers,” “Move Ups,” “Decliners,” and “Drop Outs”; it is interesting to note that the changes in Global Fortune 500 firms suggest how these two countries show their relative competitive advantage. Chinese firms show steady flows of new firms that join in the rank of Global Fortune 500 whereas Japanese firms suggest continuous drop of firms that move out of Global Fortune 500 firms. As China increases its size of economy, state-owned financial institutions, resource-focus firms (e.g. mining and petroleum) firms also rapidly increased its overall size. Although the number is still small, privately owned Chinese global firms (e.g. Lenovo, Huawei, Zhejiang Geely Holding Group, Ping An Insurance) also are now listed as Global Fortune 500 firms. In contrast, Japanese firms that lost their global market positions steadily disappeared from Global Fortune 500 firms. Representative firms include Daiei, Mitsubishi Motor Company, and NEC. Research limitations/implications One limitation of the analysis on financial indicators is that the authors select only a few firms and focus only on two time points. Nevertheless, it provides the authors information about the financial factors that characterize the two types of Global Fortune 500 firms. Moreover, it opens up new opportunities for future research. Practical implications Factors that influence the behaviors of Global Fortune 500 firms suggest both external environmental and internal managerial factors. Although serious external factors (e.g. Global Financial Crisis) affect the outcomes of these competitive positioning, it is still the managerial leadership that makes differences in cases of many Japanese firms. To Japanese firms maintaining domestic advantage is not enough to sustain their position in Global Fortune 500. Global competitiveness matters. On the other hand, it is unclear whether changes occurring in Chinese firms are more managerial than externally dictated. In case of many Chinese financial firms and resource rich firms, the huge domestic advantage has much to do with their position in Global Fortune 500. Originality/value This is the first trend analysis that examines the Global Fortune 500 firms from Japan and China. The authors identify five types of firms that would be an important basis for the further benchmarking studies of Global Fortune 500 firms in other counties (e.g. the USA, Germany, Korea, and other Emerging Economies – Russia, India, Brazil).
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Lindström, Kati. "Author, landscape and communication in Estonian haiku". Sign Systems Studies 30, nr 2 (31.12.2002): 653–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/sss.2002.30.2.18.
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Present article tries to give insight into the ways in which Estonian haiku models its author and communicates with the reader. The author thinks that while Japanese haiku is a predominantly autocommunicative piece of literature, where even a fixed point of view is not recommended, Estonian literary conventions are oriented towards openly communicational texts, which convey a fixed axiology and rely on abundant use of pronouns and rhetorical questions, addresses and apostrophes. While there is a considerable amount of Estonian haiku that depend on Estonian literary conventions, most of the Estonian haiku texts, however, are oriented to the Japanese model. These texts have been labelled “the catalogues of landscape”, as they are constituted by naming different landscape objects without developing a line of narration. Thereby every landscape element in poetry is granted its own voice, and through this multitude of voices inside the text, the reader is forced to enter an autocommunicative process of remodelling him/herself.
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Niiya, Yu, i Phoebe C. Ellsworth. "Acceptability of Favor Requests in the United States and Japan". Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 43, nr 2 (30.11.2010): 273–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022022110383426.
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In previous research, the authors showed that Japanese and Americans would rather be asked to perform a favor than to have their friend solve the problem by asking someone else or getting it done professionally. In the current research, the authors further explore the similarities and differences in Japanese and American reactions to requests for favors by examining whether (a) increasing the size of the request can increase positive feelings, (b) the perceived closeness of the relationship and appraisals of control mediate the effect of request size on feelings, and (c) the increase in positive feelings only occurs in close friendship. In Japan and to some extent the United States, being asked a larger favor made people happier than being asked a smaller favor—up to a point. However, as in the authors’ previous study, cultural differences emerged in the basic pattern and in the associated appraisals. Results are discussed in relation to the Japanese phenomenon of Amae.
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Nimaiti, Maimitili, i Yamamoto Izumi. "A Rule Based Approach for Japanese-Uyghur Machine Translation System". International Journal of Software Science and Computational Intelligence 6, nr 1 (styczeń 2014): 56–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijssci.2014010104.
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Japanese Uyghur machine translation system has been designed and developed using recent rule based approach. Even though Japanese and Uyghur language has many similarities, but there are also some linguistic differences cause serious problems to the word for word translation. In fact, as straightforward word-for-word Japanese-Uighur translation sometimes yields unnatural Uighur sentences. To raise the translation accuracy, the authors propose a word-for-word translation system using subject verb agreement in Uighur. After a brief introduction to the comparative study of Japanese-Uyghur grammars, morphology and syntax, the authors explain their developing of a word to word rule base system. The coverage of this rule base system, the rules for translation, comparison of experimental result between statistical machine translation system and rule base machine translation system are explained. Some practical suffix translation methods solving problems in Uyghur language are also proposed.
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Toki, Masahito, i Elena V. Sychenko. "The features of Japanese labour law". Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 11, nr 3 (2020): 679–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu14.2020.310.
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This article considers the peculiarities of Japanese labour law that differ the most from the traditional Russian approach to labour regulation. The authors sought to fill the information vacuum in Russian legal scholarship dedicated to Japanese law, as well as to examine the unique features of this branch of law. It is impossible to consider, in one article, an exhaustive list of questions about Japanese labour law, which are of interest to researchers. Therefore, the choice of topics for analysis was dictated by two types of considerations: the uniqueness of Japanese regulation and the relevance of the topic to Russian reality. Within the first group, the authors examined the peculiarities of the arrangement, modification, and termination of employment contracts in addition to the features of the wage structure. Also, the practice of exercising the employer’s right to order the employee to stay at home while continuing to pay wages is analysed due to the absence of a clause in Japanese law on the right of the employee to be provided with work. In the second group, the issue of an employment policy for elderly people in Japan was considered as it is relevant for Russia in light of the recent pension reform. The methodological basis of the study was the use of a functional comparative method. The use of this method allowed the authors to ascertain greater flexibility in Japanese labour law regarding changes in working conditions, and a higher degree of labour mobility in comparison to Russia.
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Miyazaki, Tsuyoshi, Toyoshiro Nakashima i Naohiro Ishii. "Mouth Shape Detection Based on Template Matching and Optical Flow for Machine Lip Reading". International Journal of Software Innovation 1, nr 1 (styczeń 2013): 14–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsi.2013010102.
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The authors describe an improved method for detecting distinctive mouth shapes in Japanese utterance image sequences. Their previous method uses template matching. Two types of mouth shapes are formed when a Japanese phone is pronounced: one at the beginning of the utterance (the beginning mouth shape, BeMS) and the other at the end (the ending mouth shape, EMS). The authors’ previous method could detect mouth shapes, but it misdetected some shapes because the time period in which the BeMS was formed was short. Therefore, they predicted that a high-speed camera would be able to capture the BeMS with higher accuracy. Experiments showed that the BeMS could be captured; however, the authors faced another problem. Deformed mouth shapes that appeared in the transition from one shape to another were detected as the BeMS. This study describes the use of optical flow to prevent the detection of such mouth shapes. The time period in which the mouth shape is deformed is detected using optical flow, and the mouth shape during this time is ignored. The authors propose an improved method of detecting the BeMS and EMS in Japanese utterance image sequences by using template matching and optical flow.
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Song, X. Michael, i Mark E. Parry. "The Determinants of Japanese New Product Successes". Journal of Marketing Research 34, nr 1 (luty 1997): 64–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002224379703400106.
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The authors report the results from a three-year study of new product development practices in Japanese firms. They develop a causal model of factors correlated with new product success. They test the model using data collected on 788 new products developed and commercialized by Japanese firms in the past four years. The “best practices” identified in this study suggest that Japanese new product success is positively influenced by the level of cross-functional integration and information sharing, the firm's marketing and technical resources and skills, the proficiency of the new product development activities undertaken, and the nature of market conditions. Cross-functional integration and product competitive advantage are two key determinants of new product success. The authors also discuss managerial and research implications.
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Dewi, Ni Made Citra Kusuma. "Analisis Dampak Ekologis Proyek ODA Jepang di Indonesia dalam Mendukung Pembangunan Dunia Berkelanjutan (2012-2018)". Jurnal Hubungan Internasional 13, nr 1 (4.06.2020): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jhi.v13i1.17324.
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Japan is the biggest donor for Indonesia. Under bilateral cooperation, Japan has actively sent foreign aids to Indonesia within the framework of Official Development Assistance (ODA) since 1960s. By receiving assistance worth 45% of the total foreign aid received by Indonesia, Japan is also considered important in various Indonesian national development programs. Along with the commitment to support Sustainable Development Goals, Japan also contributes in funding various projects which aim to increase the environmental quality and sustainability of Indonesia. Although not all Japanese assistance to Indonesia is specifically aimed at addressing environmental issues, it cannot be denied that every Japanese ODA project has its own ecological impact on Indonesia.Departing from the case, the author will analyze the extent to which Japanese foreign aid to Indonesia has an impact on environmental conditions in Indonesia. The author groups Japanese ODA projects in five categories, namely: (1) environmental strictly defined (ESD); (2) environmental broadly defined (ESD); (3) neutral (N); (4) dirty broadly defined (DBD); and (5) dirty strictly defined (DSD). Based on the data collected, the authors found that the Japanese ODA project had varied ecological impacts for Indonesia. Therefore, the authors argue that Japanese ODA projects in Indonesia not only have positive implications, but also negative implications for the environment.
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Kawase, Tomoyuki. "Coherence features of published research articles by Japanese authors: Culture-specific features and their acceptability". Ibérica, nr 47 (5.06.2024): 301–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17398/2340-2784.47.301.
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Previous studies have demonstrated that research articles by non-native English-speaking researchers often contain features discordant with rhetorical conventions of English academic writing. It has also been revealed that creation of such non-standard elements may be related to the influence of the writers’ first language writing culture. Some have argued that these cultural rhetorical features ought to be viewed as acceptable because they are part of published content that passed the rigorous examinations. Others have reported findings suggesting that these cultural yet non-standard features constitute potential writing problems. To further explore this topic, the present study examines coherence features of the discussion section of research articles (RAs) produced in English and Japanese by Japanese-speaking authors. Rhetorical Structure Theory (RST) is used for the analysis of the selected texts in terms of coherence conventions of English expository or argumentative prose. The results are then compared with previous findings of coherence breaks created by student writers. The analysis shows that both English and Japanese RAs contain features discordant with coherence conventions described by RST. Close examinations show that the most prominent non-standard features in these RAs are closely comparable to those of coherence breaks in students’ writings reported by previous studies.
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Szymkowski, Piotr, Khalid Saeed, Łukasz Szymkowski i Nobuyuki Nishiuchi. "Classification of Japanese Handwritten Characters Using Biometrics Approach". Applied Sciences 14, nr 1 (26.12.2023): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14010225.
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The following paper presents a solution to the problem of offline recognition of Japanese characters. Minutiae and other features extractable from handwriting images have been used to recognize individual characters. The solution presented by the authors uses minutiae to recognise single Japanese characters. Due to the complexity of this typeface, the solution presented can be used to recognise archaic characters, from old documents or also works of art. Neural Networks and hybrid classifiers based on five basic types of classifiers, i.e., k-nearest neighbour method, decision trees, support vector machine, logistic regression and Gaussian Naive Bayes classifier have been developed for classification. The study was conducted on Hiragana, Katakana and Kanji characters (ETL9G Database). The accuracy value obtained was 99.934%. The authors present what is probably the first algorithm using minutiae to recognize Japanese handwriting.
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Grein, Andreas F., C. Samuel Craig i Hirokazu Takada. "Integration and Responsiveness: Marketing Strategies of Japanese and European Automobile Manufacturers". Journal of International Marketing 9, nr 2 (czerwiec 2001): 19–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jimk.9.2.19.19885.
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Formulating a strategy to compete effectively in international markets is one of the major challenges a firm faces. The authors provide insight into how automobile firms devise strategies that respond to the conflicting pressures for local responsiveness and integration in the context of Western Europe, where Japanese automobile firms compete with European-based manufacturers. The authors develop a conceptual framework to test integration–responsiveness in terms of marketing-mix responses and market conditions, using data that cover four major European markets (73% of Western European sales) and a critical period in European integration. The findings indicate that Japanese firms are successfully pursuing standardization strategies rather than fully combining integration and responsiveness. These firms competitively adapt to limited differences between markets, and this strategy appears to be quite successful compared with the European firms’ strategies of combining integration and responsiveness. The European strategy appears to undermine the ability to respond to Japanese firms’ targeted competitive moves, despite the presence of significant barriers to Japanese exports. Whereas Japanese firms were able to maintain market share, European firms’ market shares decreased over the three-year period examined.
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Zeidler, Kamil, i Luiza Kliczkowska. "Prawna ochrona dziedzictwa kultury w Japonii – zarys tematyki". Azja-Pacyfik 24, nr 1 (31.12.2021): 117–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/ap202108.
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The authors of this article undertake a general discussion of the legal protection of Japan’s cultural heritage. They begin their reflection with the issue of comparative legal studies, treating it as a determinant of the direction and scope of legal analysis of the cultural property protection in Japan. However, their main focus are three issues. These are: the history of legal protection of the cultural heritage against the background of the formation of modern Japanese law, the subject of protection and its categories according to the Japanese Act of 30 May 1950 on the Protection of Cultural Property, and the empirically significant aspect of conservation theory concerning the issue of the authenticity of a historic substance in relation to Japan. The authors end their analysis of the legal history of the protection of Japan’s cultural heritage with a discussion of the 1950 Law, which (amended) still remains in force. The curious practice of monuments conservation in Japan related to the understanding of the authenticity of a historic substance by the Japanese is addressed by the authors in the last part of the article.
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Giannini, James, i Daniel T. Wick. "Transgenerational Authenticity Measurement". Psychological Reports 119, nr 1 (22.07.2016): 237–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033294116656913.
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The authors examined their previously published studies of transgenerational authenticity in a Japanese cohort (Ito, Horikoshi, & Kodama). In the previous paper, the authors addressed semantic and semiotic concerns. In this paper, design flaws and statistical flaws are examined.
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UEDA, KATSUHIKO, KEN'ICHI MATSUO i BONNIE L. SCHWID. "EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF INDIVIDUALITY OF JAPANESE HANDWRITING". International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 23, nr 05 (sierpień 2009): 869–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001409007545.
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A handwriting examination to determine the writer (writer verification and writer identification) is based upon the hypothesis that each person has characteristic handwriting that is distinct from the handwriting of other individuals. This hypothesis has been accepted empirically through many case studies. However, this hypothesis must be established with scientific and quantitative rigor in order to increase its admissibility as forensic evidence. This paper describes the results of a quantitative investigation into individuality of Japanese handwriting. The authors investigated the individuality (consistency and discriminability) of normal Japanese handwriting using variation entropy and writer verification algorithms. We also compared these results with the analysis results of Japanese signatures that we investigated previously. The authors discuss the differences of individuality between normal handwriting and signatures. Individuality of normal handwriting becomes noticeable as the number of strokes increases, and varies with the complexity of the character class. Although individuality of both normal handwriting and signatures also depends on the writer, this is more noticeable for signatures. It is important that these facts are considered in actual forensic analysis of Japanese handwriting.
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Tosa, Naoko, i Seigow Matsuoka. "ZENetic Computer: Exploring Japanese Culture". Leonardo 39, nr 3 (czerwiec 2006): 205–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/leon.2006.39.3.205.
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The authors present ZENetic Computer as a means of cultural translation using scientific methods to represent essential aspects of Japanese culture. Using images—deriving from Buddhism and other Asian concepts, sansui (landscape) paintings, poetry and kimonos— that have not heretofore been the focus of computing, the authors project the style of communication developed by Zen schools over hundreds of years into an exotic computing world that users can explore. Through encounters with Zen koans and haiku, the user is constantly and sharply forced to confirm his or her selfawareness for purposes of the story. There is no one right answer to be found anywhere.
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Gile, Daniel. "Les publications japonaises sur la traduction : un aperçu". Meta 33, nr 1 (30.09.2002): 115–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/002917ar.
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Summary Japanese publications on translation are markedly more numerous than Western publications. They are aimed at the general public rather than at professionals or academics, and few are truly scientific or academic. They deal with the Japanese context, with hardly any reference to foreign publications, authors, ideas or translation activities. They are also short-lived and disappear from bookstores and publishers' stocks within a few years. Theoretical translation texts are "philosophical" rather than scientific. Didactic texts are often aimed at language learners rather than at would-be translators. Linguistic translation texts are more interesting for the insight they give into the Japanese language and its use than for their contribution to translation theory. Texts that criticize published translations are numerous and very popular, something which is rather unique in the world. Many translation books are highly personal and contain numerous anecdotes from their authors' lives. Interpretation books are interesting, as they are more pragmatic than Western texts on the same subject, and address questions that Western publications seldom or never refer to. Machine translation articles are becoming increasingly popular. They tend to be confined to superficial explanations of the operation of systems and to descriptions of commercial products. Truly scientific papers on MT also exist, but their circulation is limited to academic and technical circles. There are a few periodicals dealing with translation. Most of the articles they carry are written by the same authors and have the same characteristics as the texts described above. On the whole, they are more interesting than translation books, as they are shorter and therefore denser. Articles on translation can also be found in countless books and periodicals on the Japanese language, on linguistics, sociology, public speaking, etc., as well as in weekly and monthly magazines and in other publications. This paper is followed by a list of Japanese texts on translation and by a list of Western language texts on translation of Japanese or on subjects relevant to the understanding of Japanese translation problems.
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Handayani, Ratna, Felicia Felicia i Sonya Munadir Syah. "Eksistensi Shinto dalam Shogatsu". Lingua Cultura 3, nr 1 (30.05.2009): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/lc.v3i1.330.
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Shinto as one of traditional beliefs of Japanese people unconsciously gives much influence in the cultural activities of Japanese people. Therefore, the authors had examined the existence of Shinto in Shogatsu by distributing questionnaires to the 20 respondents of Osaka University students. The article clarifies the intensity level and purpose of Japanese people in carrying out Shogatsu, in relation to the Shinto as a traditional belief of Japanese people. By use of the library research, analytical descriptive, and questionnaire method, it can be concluded that the majority of Japanese people do the activity of Shogatsu as a custom or tradition, without understanding the real purpose of Shogatsu. Actually, Shogatsu is highly associated to Shinto elements in it.