Rozprawy doktorskie: „Japanese men”

1

Umegaki, Hiroko. "Men and masculinities in the changing Japanese family". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2017. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/270199.

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The shifting topography of contemporary Japanese society is engendering a significant reorientation of men’s family relations. However, exactly how Japanese men are adapting to these broad-based trends, including parent-child relations, demographics, marriage norms, care provision, residential choices, and gender roles, as well as in the decline of Confucian worldviews, remains relatively obscure. In this dissertation, I explore men’s everyday practices underpinning their family relations as husbands, fathers, sons-in-law, and grandfathers. I conducted ethnographic fieldwork in the summers of 2013 and 2014 in Hyogo, through narrative interviews and participant-observation. I find husbands’ view of their wives transitioning from having a culturally prescribed duty to perform domestic matters to simply having responsibility for domestic matters. This opens up space for negotiation within married couples, with my informants providing what I refer to as additional help, which offers new insight into charting the evolution of hegemonic masculinity. I evidence relatedness founded on exchange as an approach to understand relations across the extended family, which importantly involves additional help, financial resources, and intimacy. I underscore how men selectively seek intimacy in some family relations, notably as fathers and grandfathers. Provision of additional help and seeking of intimacy lead to men’s (re)construction of masculinities differing across family relations, with an important reason for men to select their practices so as to craft their family relations is to address their sense of well-being. Further, the pattern of men’s family relations reveals the emergence of substantially novel sons-in-law relations, as compared to that found in ie patriarchal norms. This evidence suggests a fundamental shift from a vertically-dominated set of family relations, as in the ie household, to a more horizontal, fluid set of relations across the extended family.

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2

Usuda, Akiko History &amp Philosophy Faculty of Arts &amp Social Sciences UNSW. "Inconsistencies and resistance: Japanese husbands?? views on employment of married women". Publisher:University of New South Wales. History & Philosophy, 2009. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/43313.

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This thesis investigates Japanese married men??s views on their wives?? employment and married women??s employment in general. I was inspired to undertake this study by the relatively low rate of wives, particularly mothers, in full-time employment in Japan. 291 Japanese husbands in Kawasaki and the Tokyo area answered the questionnaire. Their occupations were company employees, teachers and self-employed men and their ages ranged from the 20s to 50s. The results of my survey revealed that these Japanese husbands did not actively participate in housework and childcare. Their participation increased somewhat when wives were highly educated or older. However, a wife??s higher income was the most powerful incentive to encourage their participation. Husbands also participate in these tasks in accordance with their preferences rather than their expressed abilities. With respect to their views on married women and employment, many husbands acknowledged a general relationship between power and finance (that is, that income-earning is connected with domestic power), yet denied that it applied to themselves when asked about it. The majority showed supportive or sympathetic attitudes towards full-time housewives, which were rarely extended to employed wives except for those who work (part-time) due to clear financial necessity. Concerning men??s views on their wives, they were likely to appreciate a wife??s additional income. Nonetheless, a majority wanted their wives either to earn less than themselves or to have no income, even though the majority had income-earning wives. Their most popular employment status for a wife was part-time employment. The study revealed that most of these husbands had a strong identity as the ??breadwinner?? or ??head of the house??. In this study I explored a new dimension to Japanese husbands?? perceptions of their wives?? employment: the possibility that husbands?? attitudes and preferences were militating against their wives?? employment. My study demonstrated that husbands especially resist full-time employment for their wives, and seek to maintain traditional gender roles because this sustains their self-esteem. This is clearly one significant reason for the comparatively low rate of participation of Japanese wives in full-time employment.

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3

Kagawa, Masaharu. "Ethnic and cultural influences on body composition, lifestyle and body image among males". Thesis, Curtin University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/146.

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The aim of this research was to determine ethnic and cultural influences on body composition, lifestyle, and aspects of body image (perception, acceptability, and satisfaction) of younger (age 18-40 years) Australian and Japanese males, the latter including groups living in Australia and Japan. The sample sizes of the three groups were 68 Japanese living in Australia, 84 Japanese living in Japan, and 72 Australian Caucasian males respectively. The methodology included body composition assessments (by anthropometry and DXA), lifestyle and body image questionnaires, and dietary records. The study found significant p<0.05) ethnic differences in the %BF at given BMI levels and for Japanese the BMI values of 23.6kg/m2 and 28.6kg/m2 were found to be equivalent to 25 and 30 for Caucasians when used to classify individuals as "overweight" and "obese". Equations in common use for the calculation of body composition in Japanese males were evaluated using modern methods of body composition assessment and found to need considerable modification. New regression equations that represent BMI-%BF relationships for Japanese and Australians were proposed: Japanese: Log %BF = -1.330 + 1.896(log BMI), (R2 = 0.547, SEE = 0.09); Australians: Log %BF = -1.522 + 2.001(log BMI), (R2 = 0.544, SEE = 0.10). Equations were also developed to predict %BF for Japanese and Australian males from body composition assessments using anthropometry and DXA: Japanese: %BF = 0.376 + 0.402(abdominal) + 0.772(medial calf) + 0.217(age), (R2 = 0.786, SEE = 2.69); Australians: %BF = 2.184 + 0.392(medial calf) + 0.678(supraspinale) + 0.467(triceps), (R2 = 0.864, SEE = 2.37). Lifestyle factors were found to influence perceptions of body image.Australian males participate in physical activity more frequently than their Japanese counterparts (Australians = 98.6% involved in vigorous activity at least once per week, Japanese living in Japan = 85.7%, Japanese living in Australia = 72.1%). Significant differences p<0.05) in energy contribution patterns were found between the Japanese group (Protein: 14.4%, Carbohydrate: 50.4%, Fat: 28.1%) and Japanese living in Australia (JA: Protein: 16.3%, Carbohydrate: 47.3%, Fat: 32.3%) and the Australians (Protein: 17.1%, Carbohydrate: 47.9%, Fat: 30.6%). This shows that the Japanese living in Australia have adopted a more westemised diet than those living in Japan. Body Image assessments were done on all study groups using the Somatomorphic Matrix (SM) computer program and questionnaires, including the Ben-Tovim Walker Body Attitudes Questionnaires, (BAQ) the Attention to the Body Shape Scale (ABS), and the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT). Japanese males tended to overestimate their weight and amount of body fat, while Australian Caucasian males underestimated these parameters. The Japanese groups had higher scores on the selfdisparagement subscale and lower scores on the strengths and the attractiveness subscales of the BAQ questionnaire than Australian males. Australian males also had higher scores on the EAT total score and the dieting subscale of the EAT questionnaire than Japanese males. When all groups of subjects selected their perceived body image from the SM program menu, these results had no relationship with measured body composition values, suggesting that further development of this program is needed for use in these populations.

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4

Miles, Elizabeth Frances. "Men of No Value| Contemporary Japanese Manhood and the Economies of Intimacy". Thesis, Yale University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10633258.

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This dissertation is an ethnographic examination of how young Japanese men in contemporary Japan are negotiating the effects of postindustrial shifts on the production, consumption, and performance of heterosexual male desire within the "economies of intimacy" of sex, love, and marriage. Moving beyond popular pathologies of Japanese men and of "crisis," I argue that men have been increasingly economically and socially alienated from intimate institutions, provoking either anger toward the larger gender system or a reorganization of personal paths to manhood. This dissertation is based on fifteen-months of research in Tokyo between 2013 and 2014. In addition to interviews with young, unmarried Japanese men and masculinities studies scholars, I conducted participant observation in several key sites, such as "anti-love" demonstrations, matchmaking parties (machikon), and gender equality workshops. My work draws on historical and contemporary popular culture to examine modern discourses of male virginity, debates on romantic love, and the history of sexuality.

Setting the scene of contemporary Japanese manhood, the dissertation begins with a gendered history of postwar Japan culminating in the ideal of the dekiru otoko or "man who can do." This conception of masculinity as ability directly affects the three key intimacies of concern to both the greater Japanese public and to young men themselves. These intimacies of sex, love, and marriage, what I term the "economies of intimacy," and their varied articulations with—and affects on—the lives of young Japanese men form the core of this dissertation. I argue that it is through their ability to "do" sex, love, and marriage that men receive social recognition and value in postmainstream Japan. Amidst the continuing importance of marriage to social ideals of male adulthood and personal desires for children, many young men find the marital union to be unachievable. These men, broadly categorized as "undesirable" (himote), are questioning the current marital-gender order. Specifically addressing the financial burdens and feelings of economic objectification that marriage engenders, I argue that these "undesirables" are challenging feminist scholarship on men as the primary beneficiaries of marriage.

Historically situating the contemporary ideology of "love supremacy-ism" (ren'ai shijō shugi) within the longer trajectory of Japan's modernization, I engage with the various critics of this new ideology, examining how romantic love in contemporary Japan is both intimately entwined with, and mimics, capitalism. Termed "love-capitalism" (ren'ai shihon shugi), this system is a form of evaluative schema in which men are valued and recognized based on their ability to do the work of love. Lastly, I discuss Japan's sexual modernity and the increasing importance of what I term the postwar "sexual contract"—the implicit agreement between the state and its citizens that they will engage in reproductive sex—within a contemporary pronatalist regime. Challenging this contract is the rise of male virgin (dōtei) "movements" whose members and allies are questioning the importance of sexual activity (broadly defined) to both themselves and to the greater public.

Writing against claims that gender exerts less of an influence on men's life choices—a claim predicated on women's upward social mobility globally—I argue that the Japanese gender system, with its increasing demands on men, is forcing young men to renegotiate their desires and abilities. This research brings men's concerns to the forefront of current feminist and queer studies debates on institutions such as marriage and love, particularly the absence of financial concerns and the globally circulating discourses on how sex, love, and marriage are all social goods.

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5

Triebel, Bernhard. "Der japanische Mann und die Botschaft des Evangeliums : relevante Verkündigung des Evangeliums unter Berücksichtigung der kulturellen Wurzeln und der sozialen Strukturen : historisch-kulturelle Untersuchung der Mentalität des japanischen Mannes = Japanese men and the message of the Gospel /". Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Access this title online, 2004. http://www.tren.com.

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6

Hall, Nicholas James. "A world like ours : gay men in Japanese novels and films, 1989-2007". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/45596.

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This dissertation examines representations of gay men in contemporary Japanese novels and films produced from around the beginning of the 1990s so-called gay boom era to the present day. Although these were produced in Japanese and for the Japanese market, and reflect contemporary Japan’s social, cultural and political milieu, I argue that they not only articulate the concerns and desires of gay men and (other queer people) in Japan, but also that they reflect a transnational global gay culture and identity. The study focuses on the work of current Japanese writers and directors while taking into account a broad, historical view of male-male eroticism in Japan from the Edo era to the present. It addresses such issues as whether there can be said to be a Japanese gay identity; the circulation of gay culture across international borders in the modern period; and issues of representation of gay men in mainstream popular culture products. As has been pointed out by various scholars, many mainstream Japanese representations of LGBT people are troubling, whether because they represent “tourism”—they are made for straight audiences whose pleasure comes from being titillated by watching the exotic Others portrayed in them—or because they are made by and for a female audience and have little connection with the lives and experiences of real gay men, or because they circulate outside Japan and are taken as realistic representations by non-Japanese audiences. In this dissertation I argue that positive, supportive, indeed overtly political messages can be found, even in texts with problematical representations. I show that, over the nearly twenty year period covered by the novels and films I study, it is possible to discern a tendency towards less stereotyped, and more overtly political, portrayals. The novels and films I discuss in this dissertation represent a disparate range of genres, producers, and representations, and characters who are straight, gay, bisexual, transgender and transsexual. Yet all have in common the universal themes of overcoming or becoming, ranging from journeys to coming out, growing up, and finding the self to stories of triumphing over homophobia and prevailing over discrimination.

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7

Hobbs, Ayanna Bajita Doretha. "Phallic power of African American men : a study in Japanese literature (1930-present) /". Connect to resource, 1999. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osuosu1243027903.

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8

Hidaka, Yasuharu. "Substance use and sexual behaviours of Japanese men who have sex with men : a nationwide Internet survey conducted in Japan". 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/137046.

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9

ARAI, Misako, i Sébastien LECHEVALIER. "The Inequalities between Men and Women in the Japanese Labour Market : A Regulationist Approach". 名古屋大学大学院経済学研究科, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/10761.

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10

Kagawa, Masaharu. "Ethnic and cultural influences on body composition, lifestyle and body image among males". Curtin University of Technology, School of Public Health, 2004. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=16083.

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The aim of this research was to determine ethnic and cultural influences on body composition, lifestyle, and aspects of body image (perception, acceptability, and satisfaction) of younger (age 18-40 years) Australian and Japanese males, the latter including groups living in Australia and Japan. The sample sizes of the three groups were 68 Japanese living in Australia, 84 Japanese living in Japan, and 72 Australian Caucasian males respectively. The methodology included body composition assessments (by anthropometry and DXA), lifestyle and body image questionnaires, and dietary records. The study found significant p<0.05) ethnic differences in the %BF at given BMI levels and for Japanese the BMI values of 23.6kg/m2 and 28.6kg/m2 were found to be equivalent to 25 and 30 for Caucasians when used to classify individuals as "overweight" and "obese". Equations in common use for the calculation of body composition in Japanese males were evaluated using modern methods of body composition assessment and found to need considerable modification. New regression equations that represent BMI-%BF relationships for Japanese and Australians were proposed: Japanese: Log %BF = -1.330 + 1.896(log BMI), (R2 = 0.547, SEE = 0.09); Australians: Log %BF = -1.522 + 2.001(log BMI), (R2 = 0.544, SEE = 0.10). Equations were also developed to predict %BF for Japanese and Australian males from body composition assessments using anthropometry and DXA: Japanese: %BF = 0.376 + 0.402(abdominal) + 0.772(medial calf) + 0.217(age), (R2 = 0.786, SEE = 2.69); Australians: %BF = 2.184 + 0.392(medial calf) + 0.678(supraspinale) + 0.467(triceps), (R2 = 0.864, SEE = 2.37). Lifestyle factors were found to influence perceptions of body image.
Australian males participate in physical activity more frequently than their Japanese counterparts (Australians = 98.6% involved in vigorous activity at least once per week, Japanese living in Japan = 85.7%, Japanese living in Australia = 72.1%). Significant differences p<0.05) in energy contribution patterns were found between the Japanese group (Protein: 14.4%, Carbohydrate: 50.4%, Fat: 28.1%) and Japanese living in Australia (JA: Protein: 16.3%, Carbohydrate: 47.3%, Fat: 32.3%) and the Australians (Protein: 17.1%, Carbohydrate: 47.9%, Fat: 30.6%). This shows that the Japanese living in Australia have adopted a more westemised diet than those living in Japan. Body Image assessments were done on all study groups using the Somatomorphic Matrix (SM) computer program and questionnaires, including the Ben-Tovim Walker Body Attitudes Questionnaires, (BAQ) the Attention to the Body Shape Scale (ABS), and the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT). Japanese males tended to overestimate their weight and amount of body fat, while Australian Caucasian males underestimated these parameters. The Japanese groups had higher scores on the selfdisparagement subscale and lower scores on the strengths and the attractiveness subscales of the BAQ questionnaire than Australian males. Australian males also had higher scores on the EAT total score and the dieting subscale of the EAT questionnaire than Japanese males. When all groups of subjects selected their perceived body image from the SM program menu, these results had no relationship with measured body composition values, suggesting that further development of this program is needed for use in these populations.

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11

Arai, Meiko. "Voices of Japanese Women: The Domestic Violence Experiences in Their Intimate Relationships with American Men". Thesis, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/7058.

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This study was conducted among 114 native-Japanese female students at the University of Hawaiʻi at Manoa. The finding shows that there were 71 women (62.3%) who had intimate relationships with American men, and there were 14 women (12.3%) who had domestic violence incidents in their intimate relationships with American men. While this thesis touches on the nature of intimate relationships between Japanese female students and American males, its primary focus is on the issue of domestic violence. Relying on surveys and in-depth interviews, this thesis seeks to explore the conceptualization of domestic violence among Japanese female students, as well as to understand some common characteristics of domestic violence within the context of interracial relationships. This study concludes with some future considerations and recommendations in addressing domestic violence amongst Japanese.
iv, 149 leaves

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12

Kogure, Masato. "Gender differences in the use of backchannels: Do Japanese men and women accommodate to each other?" Diss., The University of Arizona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280425.

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This study explores gender differences and accommodation behaviors of Japanese conversation participants in the use of Japanese backchannels. The study utilized three types of dyadic conversations, 5 male single-sex, 5 female single-sex, and 5 mixed-sex conversations, in which the participants were asked to talk about a particular topic for about 30 minutes. Five types of backchannel including short responses such as hai 'uh-huh', reactive expressions such as soo desu ka 'I see", repetitions, collaborative finishes, and resumptive opener, along with nods, were quantitatively scrutinized in terms of their distribution, frequency, and placement. The duration of the listeners' gaze was also calculated in terms of the number of the intonation units on the side of the speaker in question. Analysis of the present study revealed that gender differences in the use of backchannels were more pronounced in the single-sex dyadic conversation. Furthermore, it was found that females in the same-sex dyad group showed distinctive characteristics, compared to other participant groups. For example, the study revealed that females in the same gender-dyad group, overall, showed a relatively frequent use of nods. Accommodation tendency was confirmed in the use of backchannels and the listener's gaze behavior. Overall, women tended to show a greater degree of accommodation in the mixed gender dyadic conversation. Besides, the study pointed out that how men and women accommodate depends on the types of backchannels and listener's gaze. There were cases in which one of the sexes showed convergence and the other showed divergence in a mixed-gender dyadic conversation or vice versa. In the present study, a different accommodation pattern emerged particularly between verbal and nonverbal backchannels. As for verbal backchannels, it was indicated that there were more convergence patterns either from both genders or at least from one of the sexes. With regard to nonverbal backchannels, in this case, nods, however, women constantly showed a convergence pattern, whereas men showed a divergence pattern at all times in the mixed-sex conversation. These results indicated that gender differences in the use of backchannels could be context-sensitive, which is a new finding in terms of the analysis of gender and language.

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13

Tamakoshi, Akiko, Yutaka Inaba, Yasuhiko Wada, Takaaki Kondo, Akio Koizumi, Shogo Kikuchi, Akio Yamamoto i in. "Fruit, vegetable and bean intake and mortality from cardiovascular disease among Japanese men and women : the JACC Study". Cambridge University Press, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/14317.

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14

KONDO, TAKAAKI, AKIKO KIMATA, KANAMI YAMAMOTO, SAYOKO UEYAMA, JUN UEYAMA, HIROSHI YATSUYA, KOJI TAMAKOSHI i YOKO HORI. "MULTILEVEL ANALYSES OF EFFECTS OF VARIATION IN BODY MASS INDEX ON SERUM LIPID CONCENTRATIONS IN MIDDLE-AGED JAPANESE MEN". Nagoya University School of Medicine, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/11333.

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15

Yasuno(Takahashi), Akiko. "Leptin receptor polymorphism is associated with serum lipid levels and impairment of cholesterol lowering effect by simvastatin in Japanese men". Kyoto University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/147502.

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16

Li, Yannan. "Japanese Boy-Love Manga and the Global Fandom: A Case Study of Chinese Female Readers". Thesis, Connect to resource online, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/1936.

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Thesis (M.A.)--Indiana University, 2009.
Title from screen (viewed on September 3, 2009). Department of Communication Studies, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI). Advisor(s): John Parrish-Sprowl. Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 80-83).

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17

Mitani, Satoko. "Circadian variation of cardiac autonomic nervous profile is affected in Japanese ambulance men with a working system of 24-hour-shifts". 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/144433.

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Kyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(社会健康医学)
甲第11939号
社医博第10号
新制||社医||3(附属図書館)
23728
UT51-2006-B118
京都大学大学院医学研究科社会健康医学系専攻
(主査)教授小泉昭夫, 教授川村孝, 教授平出敦
学位規則第4条第1項該当

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18

Furukawa, Chie. "A Study of Small Talk Among Males: Comparing the U.S. and Japan". PDXScholar, 2014. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1522.

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This study seeks to understand the social interaction of small talk in two different countries. Defining small talk as 'phatic communion' and 'social talk' as contrasted to 'core business talk' and 'work-related talk,' Holmes (2000) claims that small talk in the workplace is intertwined with main work-talk. Small talk can help build solidarity and rapport, as well as maintain good relationships between workers. Much of the research on small talk has been focused on institutional settings such as business and service interactions; thus, there is a need for research on non-institutional small talk between participants without established relationships. This study compared how native English and Japanese male speakers interact in small talk that occurs during the initial phase of relationship formation, when interlocutors who have just met are waiting for a shared purpose. I analyzed their unmonitored small talk interaction in order to examine what types of topics they discuss and how conversations actually occur. I also conducted interviews to obtain information on perceptions of small talk and examined how these perceptions reflect different social norms and values pertaining to small talk in real-life settings. The data on the characteristics of small talk come from the pre-interview conversation between two participants, and the data on perceptions about small talk come from the interviews. The topics discussed differed between the U.S. and Japanese pairs. The U.S. pairs had "Informational Talk" elaborating on class details such as professors, systems, materials, or class content. The Japanese pairs, on the other hand, had "Personal Informational Talk," talking about personal matters such as study problems, worries, gossip, and stories. Furthermore, the Japanese pairs tended to have many pauses/silences compared to their English-speaking counterparts (the average frequency of pauses per conversation were 6 for the U.S. participants and 16 for the Japanese), presenting the impression that the Japanese pairs might have been uncomfortable and awkward. However, one similarity was that both groups discussed topics on which they shared knowledge or discussed the research study in which they were participating in order to fill silence during small talk with strangers. The most prominent result from the interviews is that interactions with strangers are completely normal for the U.S. participants, while for the Japanese participants such small talk with strangers makes them feel surprised and uncomfortable. The U.S. participants have numerous experiences with and are aware of the small talk occurring in everyday life, and they commonly discuss impersonal subjects; that is, their talks tend to be about factual information. The Japanese males, on the other hand, reported that they do not commonly talk with strangers; they need a defined place or reason to talk in order to converse openly and exchange personal information. However, in the actual pre-interview small talk, they incrementally came to know each other and started to discuss personal concerns and gossip about friends. This study has shown that small talk can be viewed as a locus where cultural differences in social norms are reflected.

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19

Tanaka, Aki. "Questions of Identity for a Nigerian-Born Japanese Man in Kabukichyo, Tokyo". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1276116460.

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20

Hamrin-Dahl, Tina. "Tenshō-kōtai-jingū-kyō och karmakampen : En dōjō i Honolulu med besatthetsandar, häxeriföreställningar och transdans". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för idé- och samhällsstudier, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-156640.

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In 1952 a pro-Japanese group in Hawai'i became the religious movement Tenshō-Kōtai-Jingū-kyō, after the arrival of Sayo Kitamura, a charismatic woman from Japan called Ōgamisama. Her teaching was filled with traditional elements, and Japanese imperialism acquired a new form, and became a spiritual world – a world filled with spirits in need of redemption. To dance in an ego-free state and redeem the evil spirits was a goal for her followers, who learnt how to perform the ecstasy dance and to achieve an altered state of consciousness. Some families, though, were suspected of being carriers of evil spirits called inu-gami (dog spirits). This was a relic of witchcraft, and since hatred, jealousy, envy, and other emotional antipathies produced possession spirits among those who refused to accept Japan's position at the end of the war, Ōgamisama – the mouthpiece of The Sun Goddess Amaterasu – was welcomed as a faith healer and face saver.

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21

Kamijo, Masako. "A comparative study on internationalisation of education in Japan : ideal Japanese society, man and knowledge". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1985. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10006533/.

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Chapter I sets out the problems which have been raised by the rapid internationalisation of Japan. Holmes' 'problem solving approach' is used to describe problems emerging since the 1960s. The difficulties which Japan faces in international organisations and at home are observed. Changes in the international relations of Japan and the 'no-change' in the traditional 'mental states' of Japanese people create a general problem. The analysis made of the general problem in Chapter I indicates that it will be necessary to develop various models for further analysis. The extent to which Japan has been internationalised in practide is examined. A distinction is drawn between the specific ana general international features of the process. Features which are obstacles to the internationalisation of Japan are identified and related to the internationalisation of education. A number of models are then presented which can be used to analyse the problem. For example, in Chapter II, three ideal models of man, society, and knowledge are constructed. Traditional and modern models are based on Max Weber's social theory, and the concepts of the United Nations' Charter are used for the international model. In Chapter III, an ideal Japanese model of society, man, and knowledge is constructed. The traditional and modern models, constructed in Chapter II, are used to analyse the important legislation in Japan in two periods; between 1868 and 19 45 based on the Imperial Oath of Five Articles and after 1945 based on the Japanese Constitution of 19L6. In Chapters III and IV the Japanese models are used to identity traditional and modern features of man, society, and knowledge, in the fields of politics, economics, education, and society. Through the study of practice the extent to which traditional features are maintained and modern features are rejected can be discovered. In Chapter VI attention is given to the internationalisation of education. An examination of the internationalisation of Japan indicates the role education might play. Government and nongovernment proposals to eliminate problems in an international society and to promote the internationalisation of Japan are examined and the proposed policies are assessed in practice. As a consequence, the author's recommendation is that the internationalisation of education should be achieved through the education of child returnees by giving them bilingual instruction. Chapter VII concludes the overall analysis and presents the author's recommendations.

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Babin, Julie. "Stretching the icecap : Japan's Engagement and Policy in the Arctic". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/68753.

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L'augmentation des températures dans les régions polaires et les conséquences écologiques, sociales et économique qu'elles entrainent, pousse les gouvernements, le milieu académique et la presse à se questionner quant aux cadres de gouvernance polaires. A cela s'ajoute l'émergence d'acteurs non-limitrophes soulignant la légitimité de leurs préoccupations pour cette région en développant des stratégies dédiées à l'Arctique. Bien que l'attention générale se soit principalement concentrée sur la Chine et ses ambitions, le Japon, avec sa longue tradition de recherche polaire, développe une stratégie basée sur la coopération internationale pour soutenir ses intérêts dans et au-delà de l'Arctique. Au travers sa politique arctique, le gouvernement japonais souhaite légitimer son ambition de contribuer aux grands débats de gouvernance présents et futurs, tout en assurant de son soutien constant à la souveraineté des États arctiques. La stratégie arctique japonaise s'aligne sur sa politique océanique nationale. Elle vise à renforcer les normes juridiques internationales, garantissant la stabilité et la prospérité politique et économique, dans l'Arctique et au-delà. Cette politique s'appuie sur l'expertise japonaise en matière de recherche et d'innovation permettant de renforcer la coopération économique et diplomatique avec les États de l'Arctique et en particulier le long de la Route du Nord. Cela renforce ses relations diplomatiques et commerciales et ainsi, peut permettre un rapprochement autour de dossiers sensibles, tels que le différend territorial avec la Russie sur les Territoires du Nord. Basée sur des théories constructivistes issues du domaine de la géopolitique et des relations internationales, cette thèse vise à souligner qu'une fois de plus, ce qui se passe dans l'Arctique ne reste pas dans l'Arctique. La politique arctique du Japon ne fait pas exception à cet adage, et répond à des objectifs plus larges que la seule région arctique. Cette thèse interroge les fondements et les intérêts des acteurs impliqués dans l'élaboration et la promotion de la politique arctique du Japon. En mettant en évidence les éléments arctiques de cette politique, cette thèse met en lumière les différentes stratégies du Japon pour soutenir ces intérêts à l'intérieur et à l'extérieur de l'Arctique.
With the increase in global temperature and climate change in the polar regions, governments, academics, and the press, question the polar governance frameworks. Can it cope with environmental, social-economical rapid changes in these vulnerable regions? Moreover, as the Arctic ice melts, non-bordering states underline their interest and concerns for this region, rising interrogation on the role of emerging actors who have or are perceived to have an interest in the polar regions. Beyond the icecap, non-bordering states are developing strategies to support their interests for this region. Although general attention has focused on China and its Arctic agenda, Japan, with its long tradition of polar research, is developing its strategy based on international cooperation to support its interests in and beyond the Arctic. In its Arctic policy, the Japanese government wishes to legitimize its ambition to contribute to the present and future governance debates while always ensuring its support to the Arctic States' sovereignty and to the international legal framework. Japan's arctic strategy builds on its research and innovation expertise to strengthen economic and diplomatic cooperation with the Arctic states and especially with Russia. This allows it to strengthen its diplomatic and commercial relations and thus advance specific sensitive issues such as the dispute over the Northern Territories with Russia. Japan's Arctic policy aligns with the National Ocean Policy and the Free and Open Indo-Pacific strategy. It is based on the promotion and support of the international legal framework, freedom of navigation, and the peaceful resolution of conflicts that ensure political and economic prosperity. Based on Geopolitics and International Relations' constructivist theoretical assumptions, this thesis aims to highlight that once again, as the saying goes, what happens in the Arctic does not stay in the arctic. Japan's arctic policy makes no exception and responds to broader goals than just the arctic. This dissertation questions the foundations and interests of the actors involved in developing and promoting Japan's Arctic policy. By highlighting the Arctic elements of this policy, this thesis highlights Japan's different strategies to support these interests inside and outside the Arctic.

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Xie, Xiaojian. ""Words Must Mean Something" : A Critical Discourse Analysis of Some Aspects of Ideational Meaning in a Japanese Newspaper Editorial". 名古屋大学大学院国際言語文化研究科, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/17877.

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Nilsson, Jorunn. "Att översätta med rollspråk : En analys av Madickens och Mias språk i japansk översättning". Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Avdelningen för japanska, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-82465.

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L'Hérisson, Edouard. "Trajectoires shintô et construction de la Mandchourie japonaise : spatialisation religieuse, expansion de l’empire et structuration du shintō moderne". Thesis, Paris, INALCO, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020INAL0018.

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Le shintō moderne est souvent réduit à un système rituel unifié, centré sur des sanctuaires perçus soit comme avatars du shintō d’État, soit comme lieux de culte populaires. Cette lecture est davantage encore mise en avant dans le cas de l’expansion japonaise en Asie. L’ambition première de cette thèse est de montrer deux aspects qui sont en fait complémentaires et participent de la dynamique impériale de la première moitié du XXe siècle. Contrairement aux lectures qui nient l’authenticité du shintō moderne, elle vise ainsi à prouver que ce dernier constitue un système religieux généalogiquement cohérent dont l’expression moderne est caractérisée par une dynamique de projection impériale, voire universelle, centrée sur des nouvelles doctrines panthéistes. L’étude s’appuie sur trois parcours de leaders shintō impliqués dans la construction de la Mandchourie japonaise : Matsuyama Teizō 松山珵三 (1878-1947), Deguchi Onisaburō 出口王仁三郎 (1871-1948) et Kakei Katsuhiko 筧克彦 (1872-1961). Ces trois cas permettent de mettre en lumière trois modalités de rencontre avec l’espace mandchou, perçu dans sa dimension diatopique, et autant de processus de spatialisation de cette région. Il est ainsi possible de comprendre en quoi ces prédicateurs shintō sont à la fois mus par, et moteur de, la dynamique impériale dans les territoires s’étirant de la péninsule du Liaodong à la frontière de la Mongolie Extérieure. L’espace fluide qu’est la Mandchourie japonaise apparaît dès lors comme la cible d’appropriations religieuses et coloniales au sein desquelles s’entrelacent les ambitions individuelles et étatiques
Modern Shintō is often seen as a unified ritual system based on shrines which are considered either as places embodying State Shintō, or as popular places of worship. This point of view is even more emphasized in the case of Japanese expansion in Asia. The first purpose of this thesis is to show that these two dimensions are complementary and take part in the imperial movement during the first half of the 20th century. Unlike readings denying the authenticity of modern Shintō, this thesis aims at proving that it is a genealogically coherent religious system which modern form is characterised by an imperial, sometimes universal, dynamics based on new pantheistic doctrines. The study focuses on the cases of three Shintō leaders involved in the building process of Japanese Manchuria: Matsuyama Teizō 松山珵三 (1878-1947), Deguchi Onisaburō 出口王仁三郎 (1871-1948) and Kakei Katsuhiko 筧克彦 (1872-1961). These three cases allow us to shed light on three different ways of encountering Manchurian space, seen in its diatopic dimension, and as many ways of spatialising this region. It thus enables us to understand how these three Shintō leaders are in the meantime driven by, and driving forces behind, the imperial process in these territories stretching from the Liaodong peninsula to the frontier of Outer Mongolia. Japanese Manchuria, as a fluid space, then appears as the target of religious and colonial appropriation dynamics within which individual and state ambitions are intertwined

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Santos, André Noro dos. "A relação homem-máquina na cultura japonesa: a hibridação entre o corpo tecnológico e humano através da animação Neon Genesis Evangelion". Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2013. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/4548.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T18:13:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Andre Noro dos Santos.pdf: 7203848 bytes, checksum: 230e22e865a2b85286ca377fe5492f4c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-10-07
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The topic of this dissertation is the man-machine relation in Japanese culture. As this is a very broad topic, the primary goal of this study was to analyze the animated series Neon Genesis Evangelion demonstrating how it shows the hybridization of human beings and machines in order to propose a reflection on the uses of new technologies in modern society. Although this object of study is part of the so-called otaku culture - that marks the production of Japanese pop since 1980, the main hypothesis of the research is that the construction of these hybrid bodies always existed in Japanese culture and that, contrary to what many Western authors state, for the Japanese this does not constitute a post-human condition. In Japanese tradition, various forms of puppet theater established no clear distinction between the body of the puppeteer and the body of the doll. In methodological terms, the proposal was to analyze the language of the animated series Neon Genesis Evangelion, demonstrating how it shows the hybridization of human and machine without suggesting, however, that this type of relationship originates in modern Japan. It is hoped that this study will contribute to the field of communication both in the sense of clarifying certain aspects of Japanese pop culture as well as in the discussions regarding the interface between the human body and technology
O tema desta dissertação é a relação homem-máquina na cultura japonesa. Por tratar-se de um tema muito amplo, o objetivo principal da pesquisa foi analisar a série de animação Neon Genesis Evangelion, demonstrando como esta evidenciou a hibridação entre seres humanos e máquinas, de modo a propor uma reflexão acerca dos usos das novas tecnologias na sociedade contemporânea. Embora este objeto de estudo faça parte da cultura otaku que marca a produção do Japão pop a partir de 1980, a hipótese principal da pesquisa é que a construção desses corpos híbridos sempre existiu na cultura japonesa e, ao contrário do que discutem vários autores ocidentais, para os japoneses não se trata de uma condição pós-humana. Desde o Japão tradicional, diversas modalidades de teatro de bonecos já propunham uma indistinção entre o corpo do manipulador e o corpo do boneco. Em termos metodológicos, analisou-se a linguagem da série de animação Neon Genesis Evangelion demonstrando como esta evidencia a hibridação estabelecida entre humano e máquina, sem sugerir, no entanto, que este tipo de relação tem início no Japão contemporâneo. Espera-se que a pesquisa contribua com o campo da comunicação, tanto no sentido de elucidar aspectos da cultura pop japonesa, como nas discussões acerca da relação entre corpo e tecnologia

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Waller, Vanja. "Gender representation through the horrors of Fatal frame (2001) : Textual analysis into female gender representation in the Japanese survival horror game, Fatal Frame (2001)". Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-20087.

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Gender representation in the horror genre has many interesting discussions surrounding it through multiple perspectives such as psychoanalysis and culture. This article intends to expand the investigation of how female characters are portrayed in horror games. The research on female representation will investigate the potential connections between horror cinema and horror games in the survival horror game Fatal Frame (2001, Koei Tecmo), the first title of a series that is iconic f0r drawing inspiration from Japanese mythology and horror tropes while simultaneously using a large cast of female characters. To gather information about the audience to support the game analysis, an online survey will be released targeting players of the games. Thereafter, recorded, non-commentary footage of the first game, Fatal Frame (2001), will be observed and textually analysed through a framework with data points, based on the background of psychoanalysis, horror cinema, culture, and game theory.

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Winther, Leslie. "Från Japan till Sundborn : En undersökning av Karin Larssons textilier". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Konstvetenskapliga institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-435083.

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The present essay explores artworks of Karin Larsson through the feminist theoretical field of studies. The following three textile works were in the centre of the study, Kärlekens ros, Duk med tecken and Sashiko-gardin. The connection between japonisme, Japanese inspired art, and Karin Larssons art works were studied. Through feminist theories by art historians such as Linda Nochlin and Griselda Pollock the experience of being a woman in the 1800s affected the works of Karin Larsson were discussed. It was found that Karin Larssons upbringing and education as a woman differs from the usual male art student, which affected her art works. The subjects of her art works were also often the result of personal experiences. Furthermore, a correlation between the art works and Japanese woodblocks and Japanese embroidery techniques were identified.

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Råberg, Kim. "De moderna samurjarnas historia : En analys av historiebruket och historiedidaktikens påverkan inom japansk populärkultur med inriktning mot rörlig media". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för kulturvetenskaper (KV), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-69829.

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In the end of 1860 Japan faced a bloody civil war. The 200 year old Tokugawa Shogunate lost its power to the emperor and the Meiji period started. Before that the land was draw in to a civil war. Ronin samurais from all of Japan was gathering in the capital. Some of the were shouting for heaven's revenge and with it the ment the emperor´s. On the other side was the samurais still loyal to Tokugawa. One of the Shoguns loyal soldier’s history still echoes, the Shinsengumi or newly selected corps. These soldiers are still being used in movies, manga and anime to tell about a dark time in Japan's history. This essay will discuss how anime is using historical persons and their historical period. Also, why they are choosing to create a character with traits and talents. Also try to understand the purpose of historical use in anime. The discussion about manga and animes purpose have been on topic before, but not in combination with how they use historical facts. Cecilia Trenter and Pelle Snickars book with theories in how movies are taking parts of history and make new use out of it. Anime and manga are a big part of Japanese culture and the theories about them are important to understand this study. To do that i used Mark. W. McWilliams and Thomas Lamarres and their discussion about the importance of see through the layers of this creations.

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Mohamud, Harbi Ugbaad, i Olsson Malin Vesterlund. "Destination Japan : En studie av svenska företag med etablerade dotterbolag på den japanska marknaden". Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Företagsekonomi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-33144.

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Japan är världens tredje största ekonomi och skulle därav kunna anses vara en attraktiv marknad för svenska företag. Även om Japan anses vara en attraktiv marknad för svenska företag, återstår fortfarande faktum att länderna skiljer sig åt gällande kultur, värderingar och seder vilket kan medföra svårigheter för svenska företag när de försöker etablera sig på den japanska marknaden. Studiens huvudsakliga syften var att visa hur fem framgångsrika svenska multinationella företag har gått tillväga vid sin japanska expansion, belysa vilka etableringsstrategier de tillämpat och utmaningar företagen har stött på, samt redogöra för vilka framtidsutsikter respektive företag har. De studerade företagen är stora multinationella organisationer med etablerade dotterbolag i Japan. Studien tillämpade en kvalitativ forskningsmetod, mer specifikt i form av intervjuer. Teorier som tillämpas i studien är; Uppsalamodellen, Hollensen’s Entry Modes samt Hofstedes Fem Dimensioner och används i studien för att analysera det empiriska underlaget. Studiens resultat visade att fyra av fem företag valt en etableringsstrategi med lägre risktagande och det femte företaget valt en strategi med högre risktagande. Respondenterna beskrev att de största utmaningarna var att hitta rätt personal samt att samarbeten med inhemska företag har visat sig vara en framgångsrik strategi hos fyra av fem företag. Resultatet av studien skulle kunna användas som inspiration för svenska företag med tankar på ett inträde i Japan.

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Aronsson, Jonas. "I dialog med tid och rum : Anföring, interpunktion och interjektioner i en kommenterad översättning av Yasutaka Tsutsuis ungdomsroman 時をかける少女 (Toki wo kakeru shoujo)". Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Tolk- och översättarinstitutet, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-117613.

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Den här uppsatsen består av en översättning från japanska till svenska av Yasutaka Tsutsuis Toki wo kakeru shoujo (Flickan som hoppade genom tiden) och en kommentar av översättningsprocessen. Syftet är att undersöka vilka problem som kan uppstå vid översättningen av anföring, interpunktion och interjektioner samt vilka strategier som kan tillämpas för att lösa dessa problem. Översättningen framställs med ett acceptansinriktat, målkultursorienterat förhållningssätt för att anpassa texten till de normer och förväntningar som är rådande i målkulturen.
This master’s thesis consists of a translation from Japanese to Swedish of Yasutaka Tsutsui’s Toki wo kakeru shoujo (The girl who leapt through time), and a commentary of the translation process. The purpose is to examine which problems may arise when translating reported discourse, punctuation and interjections, and what strategies can be used to solve these problems. The translation is performed with an orientation towards acceptability and the target culture, to try and conform the text to the norms and expectations of the target culture.

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Liberman, Therése. "Att flytta periferin mot mittpunkten: riktningsekvivalens och representationell rättvisa i översättning från japanska till svenska : En partiell översättning från japanska till svenska med en översättningsteoretisk kommentar av IMAMURA Natsukos bok, Kvinnan i den lila kjolen (むらさきのスカートの女, Murasaki no sukaato no onna)". Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Tolk- och översättarinstitutet, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-182358.

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Den här magisteruppsatsen består av en partiell översättning från japanska till svenska av IMAMURA Natsukos bok Kvinnan i den lila kjolen samt en översättningskommentar med fokus på kulturspecifika kategorier uttryckt i det japanska språket som egocentriciteten och andra kulturspecifika element i den japanska texten, de beskrivande onomatope (onomatopoetiska och mimetiska uttryck), och de västerländska låneordens förskjutningar (shifts) i en översättning. Dessa kategorier kan upplevas som svåra att översätta mellan två språk som ligger långt ifrån varandra. De teoretiska ramarna för uppsatsen lägger tyngdpunkten på riktningsekvivalens (directional equivalence), ett begrepp myntat av Anthony Pym, med fokus på likhet (similarities) i översättningen (Chesterman 1996), tillsammans med den etiska utgångspunkten representationell rättvisa (representational justice), beskrivet av Liu Yameng (2007). De utgör basen för översättningsmetoden och blir ledljus i översättningsval för översättning mellan språk i periferin av varandra.
This essay consists of a partial translation of IMAMURA Natsuko’s book The Woman In The Purple Skirt from Japanese to Swedish, together with a translation commentary focusing on egocentricity and other culture-specific concepts in Japanese texts, the descriptive onomatope (onomatopoetic and mimetic expressions) and the shifts in loanwords from western languages when translated. These categories are prone to cause issues when translating between languages so far removed from each other. The theoretical framework in this essay concentrates on directional equivalence, an expression coined by Anthony Pym, focusing on similarities in translations (Chesterman 1996) together with the ethical starting point representational justice as described by Liu Yameng (2007). These form the base for the translation method and serve as guiding lights in the choices made when translating between languages peripheral to each other.

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Shimooka, Erina. "Une convention oubliée : la convention franco-ryûkyû de 1855. Les relations entre la France et le royaume des Ryûkyû durant les dernières décennies de l'époque d'Edo". Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2019. https://theses.md.univ-paris-diderot.fr/SHIMOOKA_Erina_va2.pdf.

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Au XIXe siècle, le royaume des Ryûkyû (actuelle préfecture d’Okinawa au Japon) était à la fois tributaire de la Chine des Qing et sous la domination des shôgun Tokugawa (via le fief de Satsuma). Toutefois, il conservait une large autonomie politique. Cherchant un point d’appui en Extrême-Orient, et ne pouvant avoir accès aux ports japonais en raison de la politique de « sakoku », la France de la Monarchie de Juillet a fixé son attention sur ce royaume et y a envoyé à partir de 1844 des militaires ainsi que des prêtres des Missions étrangères de Paris. La situation ainsi créée dans le royaume fut aussi inédite que complexe ; d’un côté, les autorités des Ryûkyû surveillaient très étroitement les étrangers présents, qu’elles isolaient de la population locale par tous les moyens ; d’un autre côté, les Français profitaient de l’occasion qui leur était donnée pour observer de l’intérieur cette contrée encore peu connue de l’Europe et pour tenter de l’évangéliser. Ce premier contact aboutit à la conclusion d’une convention, le 24 novembre 1855, entre la France et le royaume des Ryûkyû. Si cette convention ne fut finalement jamais ratifiée, elle a eu un impact important sur la politique extérieure des Ryûkyû. Elle a également pesé sur les premières relations franco-japonaises
In the 19th century, the kingdom of Ryûkyû kingdom (now Okinawa Prefecture in Japan) was both dependent on Qing China and under the rule of Tokugawa shogun (via the Satsuma fief). However, he retained a broad political autonomy.Seeking a fulcrum on the Far East, and unable to access Japanese ports due to Sakoku’s policy, the France of the July Monarchy paid attention to this kingdom and sent military as well as priests of the Foreign Missions of Paris, as a result of which the situation in the kingdom became quite complex; on the one hand, the Ryûkyû closely monitored the foreigners by isolating them from the rest of the local population by all means. On the other hand, the French took advantage of the situation to focus on this barely known region and to try to evangelize it. This first contact led to the conclusion of a convention, on November 24, 1855, between France and the Ryûkyû kingdom. Despite the fact the convention was never ratified, it had as significant impact on the Ryûkyû’s foreign policy. It also affected the first Franco-Japanese relations
19世紀、琉球王国（現・沖縄県）は清の朝貢国であり、また薩摩藩を介し幕藩体制に組み込まれた「二重朝貢国家」であった。しかし、対外的には清（中国）との関係を前面に出すことで対日関係（薩琉関係）を隠蔽し、また国内においても一定の主体性を保持していた。同時期、東アジアにおける拠点を探していた七月王政下のフランスは琉球王国に注目し、1844年、フランス海軍籍のアルクメーヌ号を派遣、パリ外国宣教会所属の宣教師を留置した。当時、ヨーロッパにおいて琉球王国の存在こそ知られていたものの、王国の特殊性―日中両属、特に薩摩藩との関係―は未だ解明されていない中での進出であった。海洋国家ゆえ、異国船の来航や遭難はままある事態であったが、西洋人の長期滞在は異例のことであり、琉球王府はアルクメーヌ号来琉によって作り出された新たな状況への対応を余儀なくされた。王府は異国人（フランス人宣教師）を隔離、彼らの行動を厳しく監視・制限するとともに、自国民へも異国人との交流や接触を禁じた。一方、フランス人宣教師達は滞琉中に国状の観察、現地語（琉球方言ならびに日本語）の習得に励むとともに、キリスト教の布教も試みていた。1855年11月24日、琉球王国とフランスは琉仏条約を締結した。この条約は結果的に批准されることはなかったが、条約の条項は1840年代におけるフランス人宣教師の滞琉経験を反映したものとなっており、またこの条約の締結によって琉球王府は自国の対外政策に変更・修正を加えた。1840年から1850年代のフランス人宣教師達の滞琉経験は1858年の日仏修好通商条約締結から始まる最初期の日仏関係に影響を与え、また活かされることになった。

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Hennewig, Lena. "Uralt, ewig neu". Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/22099.

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Ausgehend von Oskar Schlemmers (1888-1943) Bauhaus-Signet aus dem Jahr 1923 analysiert diese Arbeit den Zusammenhang zwischen Mensch und Raum im Œuvre des Bauhaus-Meisters. Die bei Betrachtung des Signets aufkommende These, Mensch und Raum – die zwei tradierten Pole des Schaffens Schlemmers – bedingten sich gegenseitig, wird untersucht, hinterfragt und um die Kategorie der Kunstfigur erweitert. Das erste Kapitel beleuchtet den Menschen als Maß aller Dinge. Der angestrebte Typus entsteht einerseits über Schlemmers Analyse des menschlichen Körpers mittels tradierter Proportionsstudien und Geometrisierung, die zu einer zumindest scheinbaren Berechenbarkeit führen. Betrachtet werden hierbei die Ausführungen Leonardo da Vincis, Albrecht Dürers und Adolf Zeisings. Andererseits nutzt Schlemmer die physiognomischen Überlegungen Richarda Huchs und Carl Gustav Carus‘ für seine Zwecke der Darstellung einer Entindividualisierung des Menschen. Hierauf aufbauend befasst sich das zweite Kapitel mit dem Raum. Es zeigt, dass Schlemmers Überlegungen zu theoretischem und gebautem Raum ihren Ursprung in Albert Einsteins Relativitätstheorie nehmen und von Debatten am Bauhaus genährt werden: Schlemmer betrachtet den Raum als wandelbar und abhängig vom Menschen, was unter anderem durch eigene Schriften und den einzig überlieferten Architekturentwurf Schlemmers gefestigt wird. Zur Untersuchung einer umgekehrten Einflussnahme des Raumes auf den menschlichen Körper erweitert das dritte Kapitel die zwei tradierten Pole des Schlemmer’schen Œuvres um einen weiteren: die Kunstfigur. Diese, so belegt das Kapitel, generiert ihre eigene Körperlichkeit über den Einfluss des veränderlichen Raumes, darüber hinaus aber auch durch die Abstrahierung des zugrundeliegenden menschlichen Körpers mittels des Kostüms und der Maske. Über diese beiden wiederum vollzieht sich auch eine Wandlung des Menschen.
Taking the Bauhaus signet, designed by Oskar Schlemmer in 1923, as a starting point, the present thesis examines the relationship between man and space – the two consistently named poles of Schlemmer’s work – within the œuvre of the Bauhaus master. It analyzes, questions and expands the assumption, at first glance suggested by the signet, that space and man are mutually dependent: The first chapter deals with man as the measure of all things. The type pursued by Schlemmer results, on the one hand, from his analysis of man via proportion and geometric studies by Leonardo da Vinci, Albrecht Dürer and Adolf Zeising that lead to a certain calculability. On the other hand, Schlemmer uses physiognomic ideas of Richarda Huch and Carl Gustav Carus to depict a certain de-individualization. Based on the results of the first chapter, the second chapter deals with questions of space. It shows that Schlemmer’s considerations of theoretical space and architecture stem from Albert Einstein’s theory of relativity and are fed by Bauhaus debates on that same topic: Schlemmer regards space and architecture as subject to change and dependent on man; this theory is also strengthened by his writings and his only surviving architectural design. To examine the reverse influence of space on the human body, the third chapter adds the Kunstfigur (art figure) as another category to the established two poles of Schlemmer’s œuvre discussed in the literature: man and space. The chapter proves that the Kunstfigur generates its own corporeality through the influence of space, which is modifiable by movement. Besides that, said corporeality is also determined by an abstraction, in turn caused by costumes and masks. These items also influence the outer appearance of man.

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35

Sharun, Sara. "Show me a samurai : British representations of Japanese manhood, 1895-1905". 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/736.

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36

Iwata, Hiroko. "The experiences of Japanese men during the transition to fatherhood". 2009. http://digital.library.duq.edu/u?/etd,124575.

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37

Mori, Akiko. "Images of Japanese men in post-colonial Philippine literature and films". Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/20408.

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38

Kawamura, Ai. "Examination of the self-expansion model in Japanese women-Caucasian men romantic relationships". Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/11968.

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39

CHUN, HSIEH PEI, i 謝佩君. "Consciousness About Problems Of Business Japanese Use－Focusing On Business men In Taiwan－". Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/74875598938647894636.

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碩士
大葉大學
應用外語研究所
98
The purpose of the research is to analyze business Japanese used in Taiwan. In general, the principle of using business Japanese is on its fluency. However, what difficulties or problems that a business man could be facing in reality will be attempted by the research. The research will focus on investigating businessmen’s actual business experience and the awareness of using business Japanese by means of questionnaire. The results are listed in the following: 1.Most participants respond positively to the necessity of business Japanese, despite that they are working in Taiwan. 2.Businessman’s personal factors: such as major, Japanese language proficiency test, the variety of different corporation or the experience of studying in Japan. have all contributed to businessmen’s awareness in using business Japanese. 3.The main objective of the businessmen in Taiwan in learning Japanese is an effective business Japanese conversation ability, and an comprehensive handling in the language, and the second objective is on the telephone skill and the culture in Japanese business. 4.Respectively, of their business Japanese listening, speaking, reading, writing, business Japanese knowledge to distinguish between five categories, "Read", "Write", and "Japanese knowledge for the business" are always used in the office. 5.Taiwan business people possess a more disciplinary self expectation in learning Japanese and a more significant awareness in using business Japanese. The researcher found it clear that most participants lack the ability to use commercial Japans but hold a high self-expectation to further their Japanese in commercial using ability.

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40

Chang, Chuan Chuan, i 張娟娟. "The Latent Phenomenon of The Third Personal Pronoun in Japanese -- Observered from "ta(men)" in Chinese--". Thesis, 1995. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/37078173888577468193.

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41

村本, あき子, i A. Muramoto. "Angiopoietin-like protein 2 sensitively responds to weight reduction induced by lifestyle intervention on overweight Japanese men". Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/18447.

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42

"Seeking alternative identities: changing masculinity among fashionable young men in Hong Kong". 2007. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5893351.

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Wong, Ching Wa Alana.
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2007.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 123-128).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Abstract --- p.i
Acknowledgements --- p.iii
Chapter Chapter One: --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 1.1 --- Overview --- p.1
Chapter 1.1.1 --- Objectives --- p.1
Chapter 1.1.2 --- Who are fashionable Hong Kong young men? --- p.3
Chapter 1.1.3 --- Significance and Setting --- p.5
Chapter 1.2 --- Literature Review --- p.7
Chapter 1.2.1 --- Changing masculinity in postindustrial society --- p.7
Chapter 1.2.2 --- Beauty used to be associated with women --- p.10
Chapter 1.2.3 --- Beauty has become part of masculinity --- p.12
Chapter 1.2.4 --- Hong Kong's changing masculinity --- p.16
Chapter 1.3 --- Methodology --- p.18
Chapter 1.3.1 --- Media survey --- p.18
Chapter 1.3.2 --- In-depth interviews --- p.20
Chapter 1.4 --- Structure of the thesis --- p.22
Chapter Chapter Two: --- Changing Perception of Masculinity in Hong Kong: Dominant and Alternative --- p.24
Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.24
Chapter 2.2 --- Meanings of Chinese masculinity --- p.24
Chapter 2.3 --- Dominant perception of masculinity in Hong Kong --- p.26
Chapter 2.4 --- Beauty becomes part of masculinity in Hong Kong --- p.28
Chapter 2.4.1 --- Male beauty contest on television --- p.29
Chapter 2.4.2 --- Hong Kong men's opinions on men's beauty --- p.32
Chapter 2.4.2.1 --- Appearance is important for men --- p.33
Chapter 2.4.2.2 --- Concern for appearance cannot be publicly admitted --- p.37
Chapter 2.5 --- Conclusion: Caring for beauty is becoming part of masculinity --- p.40
Chapter Chapter Three: --- Men's beauty in magazines in Hong Kong --- p.42
Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.42
Chapter 3.2 --- Magazines in Hong Kong --- p.43
Chapter 3.2.1 --- Youth and gossip magazines --- p.43
Chapter 3.2.2 --- Japanese male fashion magazines --- p.44
Chapter 3.2.3 --- Men's lifestyle magazines --- p.45
Chapter 3.3 --- Men's images in these three types of magazines --- p.45
Chapter 3.3.1 --- Over- emphasis of Japaneseness: Youth and gossip magazines --- p.46
Chapter 3.3.2 --- Authentic Japanese style?: Japanese male fashion magazines --- p.51
Chapter 3.3.3 --- High class men: Men's lifestyle magazines --- p.54
Chapter 3.4 --- Men's images in magazines in Hong Kong: wen or wu? --- p.59
Chapter 3.5 --- Conclusion: Beauty has become increasingly important for men in Hong Kong --- p.62
Chapter Chapter Four: --- "Relationship between ""Japan"" and men's beauty in Hong Kong" --- p.64
Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.64
Chapter 4.2 --- "The meaning and common beliefs about ""Japan"" in Hong Kong" --- p.65
Chapter 4.2.1 --- Japan as work: Hair stylists and fashion designers --- p.66
Chapter 4.2.1.1 --- Hair stylist assistants --- p.66
Chapter 4.2.1.2 --- Fashion designers --- p.70
Chapter 4.2.2 --- """Japan"" as leading fashion trends" --- p.73
Chapter 4.2.2.1 --- "To be ""cool"" means to learn from Japan" --- p.73
Chapter 4.2.2.2 --- Japan is the best --- p.77
Chapter 4.3 --- "The influence of ""Japan"" on men's beauty" --- p.80
Chapter 4.3.1 --- Awareness of Japan --- p.80
Chapter 4.3.1.1 --- Hong Kong men who deliberately choose Japanized beauty practices --- p.80
Chapter 4.3.1.1.1 --- Hong Kong men who have long term experiences in Japan --- p.80
Chapter 4.3.1.1.2 --- Band members --- p.82
Chapter 4.3.1.2 --- """Japan"" offers an alternative" --- p.83
Chapter 4.3.2 --- Taken-for-Granted Japanese Influences --- p.84
Chapter 4.3.2.1 --- The daily beauty practices: Japanese influences are invisible --- p.84
Chapter 4.3.2.1.1 --- "No ""Japanese"" hair style" --- p.85
Chapter 4.3.2.1.2 --- "No ""Japanese"" clothing styles" --- p.86
Chapter 4.3.2.2 --- """Japan"" mixes with Hong Kong" --- p.88
Chapter 4.3.3 --- Special cases --- p.90
Chapter 4.4 --- Abandonment of Japanized beauty practices --- p.92
Chapter 4.5 --- "Conclusion: ""Japan"" represents a temporarily attractive life for men" --- p.93
Chapter Chapter Five: --- Negotiation with Women: Fashionable Hong Kong Young Men's Beauty Ideals --- p.95
Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.95
Chapter 5.2 --- "Women's ""gaze"" in the male beauty contest" --- p.96
Chapter 5.3 --- The use of women in encouraging men's beauty in Hong Kong magazines --- p.97
Chapter 5.4 --- Hong Kong men's masculinity: we listen and obey women's orders --- p.104
Chapter 5.5 --- Conclusion: Fashionable Hong Kong young men's beauty practices are influenced by women --- p.109
Chapter Chapter Six: --- Conclusion --- p.111
Chapter 6.1 --- Conclusion --- p.111
Chapter 6.2 --- A Review: Men's beauty as an alternative masculinity in Hong Kong --- p.111
Chapter 6.2.1 --- Hong Kong men need to care about appearance --- p.112
Chapter 6.2.2 --- "Japanized beauty practices can make men look ""cool"" and trendy" --- p.114
Chapter 6.2.3 --- Men listen and obey women's orders on beauty practices --- p.116
Chapter 6.2.4 --- "After all, career achievement and earning ability are more important" --- p.118
Chapter 6.3 --- Conclusion: Limitations and self reflections --- p.120
References --- p.123

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43

Nagaike, Kazumi. "Japanese women writers watch a boy being beaten by his father : male homosexual fantasies, female sexuality and desire". Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/16962.

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This thesis discusses narrative texts by Japanese female writers and popular manga artists* that deal with fantasies of male-male sex. It applies a variety of psychoanalytic theories (Freudian, Kleinian, feminist and so forth) to demonstrate how fantasies about male homosexuality may be analyzed in terms of the psychological orientations of the many Japanese women who are the readers of this narrative genre. I also discuss a variety of themes that often accompany and appear to support female fantasies of male homosexuality: the concept of Thomme fatal' in Mori Mari's male homosexual trilogy; sadomasochism in Kono Taeko's "Toddler-Hunting"; the decadent aestheticism of Okamoto Kanoko's "The Bygone World'; postmodernism in Matsuura Rieko's The Reverse Version; and the concept of . pornography as it relates to yaoi manga. * * In attempting to analyze the discursive aspects of female fantasies of male homosexuality, I begin with an examination of Sigmund Freud's article, "A Child is Being Beaten," in which he refers to the female scoptophilic impulse. Several Japanese female writers—Kono Taeko, in particular—provide clear examples of narratives that parallel Freud's model of the beating fantasy. This female scoptophilic desire to watch a male homoerotic 'show' is activated by a psychological orientation such as that defined by Klein's model of projective identification: female characters and readers project their 'unbalanced egos' onto male homosexual characters, and this enhances the processes of identification with and (scoptophilic) dissociation from these characters—which in turn create the possibility of regaining psychological 'balance.' One of the main themes of my analysis is the development of subconscious female desires to access the bisexual (simultaneously masculine and feminine) body. I discuss the idealization of the shorten (boy) identity (in "Toddler-Hunting" and The Reverse Version) and the image of the 'reversible couple' in yaoi manga as specific forms of a sexual discourse that presents possibilities of escape from the arbitrary, socially-constructed, but institutionalized concepts of the female body. *manga: narrative comic books for readers of all ages **yaoi manga: a subgenre of comic books by and for women that feature male-male eroticism
Arts, Faculty of
Asian Studies, Department of
Graduate

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44

Jyue, Ying-Chi, i 覺英綺. "Using Kano and MEC to investigate marketing strategy of Japanese chain restaurant-The case of Koharu Japanese Restaurant". Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/52157694054022322154.

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碩士
朝陽科技大學
企業管理系碩士班
96
Taiwan market has gradually increased the exotic restaurants, including Japanese chain restaurants which have the highest response to the Taiwan people''s consumption capacity. Today''s working women and the increasing double salary family, the people gradually increased the proportion of food, Japanese chain restaurant’s priority should be aware of the consumer’s products and services needs, therefore, summed up the elements of the importants, in order to meet customer’s demands. In this study, with Kano model as the foundation, Japanese chain restaurant products and services needs to be classified, and is divided into the following elements: attractive quality, one-dimensional quality, must-be quality, indifferent quality and reverse quality. After the survey, the study shown as follow: thirty of the products and services that meet the needs of items, six were classified as attractive quality, thirteen were classified as one-dimensional quality, three are classified as must-be quality, and eight were classified as indifferent quality. In sum, most elements are all two-dimensional quality characteristics. Let us use Means-end chain to study those consumers who try to find out the value of consumption in Japanese chain restaurant. This research with Laddering has forty interviewees who are accustomed to Kohara Japanese Restaurant. We analyzed the differences of content validity, the implication matrix, hierarchical value map and geographic region of differences analysis, then obtained the value of consumption among those consumers. After analyzing, we got nine are classified as attribute, eleven are classified as consequences, we got eleven are classified as value. We connected the same subject from two different kinds of research, this project will develop a fully marketing strategy of the Japanese chain restaurant based on above results.

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45

SHEN, HUI-MIN, i 沈慧敏. "Evaluating the Performances and Mean-Variance Efficiency of Japanese Indexes". Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/41580296932158338556.

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46

Feng, Shu-Yu, i 馮淑玉. "A Study of Japanese Equivalents to Chinese Verbs that Mean “Wear” and “Put On”". Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/56763496749415385277.

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碩士
國立高雄第一科技大學
應用日語所
94
Abstract The author, at the beginning of Japanese study, was drawn to the large number of Japanese equivalents to Chinese verbs “穿” and “戴”, both of which mean “wear” or “put on” in English, was amazed that a specific Japanese verb is used depending on what part of the body the clothing is subject to. In English, the author’s first foreign language, like in Chinese, verbs “wear” and “put on” alone are used for all sorts of clothing. For instance, the same verb “穿 (wear)” is used in both Chinese and English for clothes and shoes, for which different verbs are used in Japanese, that is, ”着る” for the former and “履く” for the latter. The verb “戴 (put on)” in Chinese is used for hats, rings, earrings, watches, glasses etc. whereas different equivalents exist in Japanese, such as ”かぶる” for hats, “はめる” for rings, “つける” for earrings, ”する or つける” for watches, and “かける” for glasses. In other words, as compared with the same verb “戴 (put on)” for all sorts of clothing in Chinese, five different verbs are used in Japanese. The study is hence intended to investigate the proper expressions in Japanese equivalent to “穿” and “戴” in Chinese with examples. The dissertation comprises four chapters. Chapter one describes study motivation, purpose and scope. Chapter two provides an overview of previous studies of “穿” and “戴” in Chinese and summarizes the definition, function, and role of their Japanese equivalents. Chapter three investigates the actual uses of Japanese equivalents to “穿” and “戴” in Chinese. Examples for the comparison are found in Chinese translations of Japanese fictions that are published in Taiwan and most commonly accessible, including Chao-hsi Li’s translation “窗邊的小荳荳” (1993) of “窓ぎわのトットちゃん” by Kuroyanagi-tetuko, Chao-hsi Li’s translation “盜賊會社” (1989) of “盗賊会社” by Hoshi-shiniti, and Chao-hsi Li’s translation “有人叩門” (1996) of “ノックの音が” by Hoshi-shiniti. The findings of the examination of examples are summarized in the conclusions in Chapter four by listing Chinese-Japanese contrasts: Japanese equivalents “着る”, “はく”, “突き通す,破る”, and “通過する,つらぬく” to “穿” in Chinese; and Japanese equivalents “かぶる”, “はめる”, “つける”, “かける”, and “する” to “戴” in Chinese. In addition, it is found that “帶(bring)” has been misused for “戴(wear)” in Chinese because both of the characters share the same pronunciation “daì”. Internet data demonstrates that such misuse is seen not only in III Taiwan but also in Hong Kong and China. This suggests that misuses of Chinese characters have increased in Asian countries where Chinese characters are used because people have become dependant on PCs and seldom engage themselves in handwriting following the popularization of PCs. The study indicates that misuses of Chinese characters have increased in Asian countries where Chinese characters are used. The question, whether similar misuses of Chinese characters are found in Japanese since Japan is also a country where Chinese characters are used and whether there is any difference in this respect between Japanese and Chinese-speaking peoples, will be the subject for further examination.

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47

Polakoff, Gregory Ivan. "Japan's "last man" : overcoming a "crisis of ideas"". Thesis, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/11461.

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Due to Mori Ogai's importance not only as a writer, but as one of Japan's leading medical researchers and cultural critics, his works have always been under the scrutiny of scholars. This is especially true with respect to the fiction composed during a short segment of his career-from 1909 to 1912-which Richard Bowring has labelled Mori Ogai's "literature of ideas." Ogai's "literature of ideas" depicts an enormous and heterogeneous array of ideas from a variety of humanistic and scientific disciplines, and is expressed in a variety of genres and literary styles. They represent Mori Ogai's keen interest in a variety of Western literary and philosophical discourses, such as Naturalism, the Bildungsroman, and the cultural criticism of such thinkers as Nietzsche and Ibsen. Although the importance of Mori Ogai's reception of Friedrich Nietzsche's ideas has been discussed to a limited degree in several studies, I intend to demonstrate that Nietzsche's ideas actually constitute a significant influence on the manner in which Ogai fine-tuned the structure, style, and content of his "literature of ideas." I believe that Ogai's "literature of ideas" is a definitive response to its author's disapproval of the outright "imitation" of Western ideas, which he perceived dominated Japan's modernization process. In addition, he was very wary of the consequences of imitating a discourse which he believed was characterized by a paradoxical union of optimistic and nihilistic ideologies. Although Mori Ogai expressed envy at the progress-oriented nature of Western ideas and the philosophies of inspiring and forward-looking thinkers such as Plato and Goethe, he was also deeply disturbed by the gradual manifestation of pessimistic thought subsequent to the Renaissance-a phenomenon which he feared could be replicated in Japan. I will argue that Nietzsche's notion of continuous self-development as depicted in Zarathustra is at the core of Ogai's "literature of ideas," the primary purpose of which is to depict Ogai's anxiety about Japan's modernization, and to posit a perspective which might help the Japanese intelligentsia to "overcome" the many obstacles which Ogai perceived as inherent components in this process.

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48

Yang, Hui-Yu, i 楊蕙瑜. "An Analysis of Japanese Kanji Pronunciation Based on the Chang-Cheng Edition of Meng-Qiu". Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/7874kv.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
中國文學研究所
102
Chang-Cheng, a version of Meng-Qiu, is an ancient hand-written copy circulated in Japan, and the original text of Meng-Qiu was copied out with Xnu-dian. Due to “Chang-Cheng” was annotated at the end of the book to signify the year of completing Xnu-dian, it is called The version of Chang-Cheng Meng-Qiu. In the book, pronunciations of Japanese Kanji are regarded as the typical inheritance of Chinese characters’ pronunciation in Japan, which is closely associated with Tang Dynasty Chang-An Dialect. As a result, this paper adopted this book as the research material. By dividing it into seven chapters, it probed into the property of the text and the tone phenomenon reflected by pronunciations of Japanese Kanji. The first chapter is introduction, which illustrates Meng-Qiu’s origin, circulation condition, and the previous research results. Chapter 2 discusses the copy issues and perceives that theXnu-dian examiner had weak tone consciousness. Nevertheless, after carefully comparing the correspondence of Chinese characters and katakana signifiers, it is found that such weak consciousness does not have great influence on the accurate pronunciations of Japanese Kanji. Then, Chapter 3 introduces the phonetic system and syllable structure of modern Japanese, and explains changes of the tones in the last generation and Heian Era in Japan, particularly focusing on comparison of Japanese and Chinese character syllables, and analysis of the syllable structure of katakana signifiers. As for Chapter 4 and Chapter 5, it organizes the corresponding relationship of vowels and consonants of pronunciations of Japanese Kanji and middle Chinese, from which it observes the Chinese tone phenomenon for further analysis. Chapter 6 continues to organize the corresponding relationship of tone (voice) points and middle Chinese tones, holding that the version of Chang-Cheng belongs to six-tone system and analyzing the tone phenomenon that the system reflects. Lastly, Chapter 7 is the conclusion, summarizing the research results of this paper, the comments on the previous research outcomes, and reviews the insufficiency of this paper for considerations on the related research directions in the future.

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49

Grillo, Tyran C. "Red Letters: Translation as Detection in a Sino-Japanese Murder Mystery". 2010. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/445.

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In 2004 Japanese author Ashibe Taku published his novel Murder in the Red Chamber, in which he adapted Cao Xueqin’s eighteenth-century Chinese classic Dream of the Red Chamber as a compelling murder mystery. In 2008 I would take on the challenge of translating Ashibe’s novel into English. This required me to draw on a wealth of primary and secondary materials. Not only did I have to familiarize myself with the novel’s peculiarities, but also with those of its Chinese source. Over these layers of text I fashioned yet another from my own engagements with Western detective fiction. In order to reconcile these disparate cultural understandings of detection and law, I assumed the role of detective myself in navigating at least two cultural milieus at any given time. Consequently, I found myself empathizing with Ashibe’s characters in an entirely new way. This thesis is a case study that investigates two questions: (1) What does it mean when the translator’s method mimics—in the target text—that of the author of the source text? (2) How have murder mystery paradigms been displaced and/or embedded in my chosen text through this process of cross-cultural rewriting? In exploring these questions I have developed a kinship with Ashibe, for we are both rewriters seeking to flesh out the evidence laid before us into admissible testimony. Whether or not I “solved the case” of this translation matters less than the adding of another layer in another language with the intent of enriching the whole.

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50

Pandey, Rajyashree Gokhale. "In search of a synthesis of aesthetic and religious ideals : the works of Kamo no Chomei (1155-1216)". Phd thesis, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/139351.

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