Artykuły w czasopismach: „J.R.R”

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STORME, Hans. "J.R.R. Tolkien". INTAMS review 7, nr 2 (1.12.2001): 230–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/int.7.2.2004520.

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Kozák, Jan A. "A Minister to the Secret Fire: Pavel Hošekʼs take on J. R. R. Tolkien (review)". CENTRAL EUROPEAN JOURNAL FOR CONTEMPORARY RELIGION 4, nr 1 (11.04.2022): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/25704893.2021.4.

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Book review on Hošek, Pavel, Sloužím Tajnému ohni: Duchovní zdroje literární tvorby J.R.R. Tolkiena [I Am a Servant of Secret Fire: Spiritual Sources of J.R.R. Tolkien’s Literary Work], Brno: Centrum pro studium demokracie a kultury 2019, 191 p.

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Shustova, Ellina V. "Russian Translations of Writings of J.R.R. Tolkien as the Stage of their Cultural Reception in Russia". Journal of History Culture and Art Research 6, nr 5 (28.11.2017): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.7596/taksad.v6i5.1244.

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<p>This article identifies problems of translation of J.R.R. Tolkien`s works to the Russian language. Due to complexity of their reception in the Russian literature and culture, these problems continue at the present time. The purpose of this article is to consider the translational interpretations as a form of reception of J.R.R. Tolkien`s works in Russia and perform analysis of relevant stages of the receptive process. The leading approach to the study of this problem is the methodology of receptive aesthetics; this takes into account the development trends of the method. This research shows that it is the translation, in many respects, that sets trends for further understanding of writings by J.R.R. Tolkien in Russia and includes them in a Russian cultural and literary context, as well as set their level of systematic perception. Contents of this article may be used for readings in general and special courses for Western literature at universities, and may be useful to a wide range of readers interested in the work of J.R.R. Tolkien.</p>

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Benton, Colin P. "J.R.R. Tolkien Goes to Law School". Texas A&M Journal of Property Law 2, nr 1 (październik 2014): 25–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/jpl.v2.i1.2.

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This Article offers J.R.R. Tolkien’s classic stories, The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings Trilogy, as useful for Law and Literature scholarship because they have a large audience of all ages, who have either read them in books or seen them as movies. Their widespread popularity makes these stories an effective way to introduce and inspire many to the property law jurisprudence that permeates the texts. While Tolkien’s literature has not been traditionally utilized for Law and Literature purposes, there are several issues of property law jurisprudence that can be elucidated through Tolkien’s writings. This Article begins by briefly assessing the debate regarding the efficacy of Law and Literature, proposes Tolkien’s literature as a legitimate means of stimulating an interest in property law jurisprudence, and concludes by exploring a variety of property law issues using Tolkien’s literature as the background material facts.

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Kečan, Ana. "NEOROMANTIC ELEMENTS IN J.R.R. TOLKIEN'S WRITING". Knowledge International Journal 32, nr 4 (26.07.2019): 461–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij3204461k.

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Neoromanticism or the Neo romantic movement may be easier to define, than it is to frame within a strict time framework. Some see it as a 20th-century resurgence of romantic ideas which began around 1928 and lasted up to the mid-1950s, while others locate it within a larger framework going back to the 1880s (being a reaction against naturalism) and lasting up to today. Depending on which timeline one adopts, it is sometimes synonymous with post-romanticism and late romanticism. However, regardless of its timeline, the movement has had profound effects lasting well into the end of the 20th century, becoming a reaction against modernism and postmodernism, and spreading into areas such as painting, music, literature, cinema, as well as architecture. As a movement, neoromanticism seeks to revive both romanticism and medievalism (the influence and appearance of ‘the medieval’ in the society and culture of later ages) by promoting the power of imagination, the exotic, the unfamiliar, further characterized by the expression of strong emotions (such as terror, awe, horror and love) as well as the promotion of supernatural experiences, the use and interest in Jungian archetypes and the semi-mystical conjuring of home. Furthermore, neoromanticism feels strongly against industrialization and the disconnectedness from nature in the modern world, rejecting the dichotomy between society and nature. It also embodies a wish or desire for a Utopian connection to nature uncoupled from social expectations and tradition, and going back to nature that has not been victimized by human civilization and industry. Most of these ideas may be found embodied in both the life and the writings of J.R.R. Tolkien, who famously declared to his son that he was, in fact, a Hobbit. His writings abound in creatures who not only live in harmony with nature (the Elves, the Hobbits), but embody it as well (the Ents) because romanticism (and subsequently neoromanticism) is, in essence, all about nature. In contrast, the evil of the main antagonists in his mythology (Melkor/Morgoth, Sauron, Saruman) is seen through their destruction of nature. Tolkien actually reverses the romantic line of vision with the creation of the Shire, which is seen as a ‘post-medieval’ society that has developed out of the Middle Ages, making Tolkien a medievalist dreaming of an organic and harmonious continuation of transformed and ‘purified’ Middle Ages as found in the Shire. This essay will present several of these characteristics mentioned and how the creatures of Tolkien’s mythology present a reaction against the industrialization of his time and neighboring county, while showing how these are ideas are still (perhaps even more so) relevant in the 21st century as well.

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DeForrest, Matthew M. "J.R.R. Tolkien and the Irish Question". Tolkien Studies 13, nr 1 (2016): 169–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tks.2016.0011.

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Smith, Sherwood. "Beren and Lúthien by J.R.R. Tolkien". Tolkien Studies 15, nr 1 (2018): 231–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tks.2018.0012.

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Markiewka, Tomasz. "Przepisywanie Beowulfa: J.R.R. Tolkiena meandry przekładu". Między Oryginałem a Przekładem 24, nr 40 (30.06.2018): 47–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/moap.24.2018.40.03.

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Rewriting Boewulf: J.R.R. Tolkien’s Meandering Translation J.R.R. Tolkien’s works related to translation include both translations and adaptations in the form of pastiche. All of them have been published as posthumous editions, equipped with detailed critical commentaries and edited by the writer’s son, Christopher Tolkien. Among recent publications in English and Polish, one that deserves particular attention is a 1926 prose translation of the Old English poem Beowulf (2014, Polish ed. 2015). This edition presents Tolkien performing a few roles, acting as a translator, translation critic, editor, commentator, literary scholar, linguist, and creative writer. In fact, “translation” becomes a textual hybrid in which one can observe the work of a translator from the initial phase of close reading of a source text through three variants of prose translation (two from 1926 and one from 1942); alternative fragmentar translations in alliterative verse; a detailed philological and cultural commentary composed of lecture notes; original literary works inspired by Beowulf, which include the short story Sellic Spell (in two English versions and as a back translation into Old English); and two versions of the original poem The Lay of Beowulf. As a result, the 2014 edition of Tolkien’s Beowulf realizes the ideal of a translation once described by Vladimir Nabokov: the text of translation emerges from multilayered commentary, which, in Tolkien’s work, crosses the boundaries of languages and genres.

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Henry, Michael. "J.R.R. Tolkien: A Lifetime of Fantasy". Imagine 6, nr 1 (1998): 20–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/imag.2003.0289.

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Beaumont, John. "The Catholic Witness of J.R.R. Tolkien". Downside Review 117, nr 407 (kwiecień 1999): 115–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001258069911740703.

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Michelson, Paul E. "J.R.R. Tolkien on Faërie and Faërie-Stories". Linguaculture 10, nr 2 (12.12.2019): 81–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.47743/lincu-2019-2-0147.

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Katsiadas, Nick. "Julian Eilmann, J.R.R. Tolkien: Romanticist and Poet". Journal of Inklings Studies 10, nr 1 (kwiecień 2020): 95–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ink.2020.0069.

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Anderson, Douglas A. "Brian Rosebury on J.R.R. Tolkien: A Checklist". Tolkien Studies 5, nr 1 (2008): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tks.0.0007.

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Anderson, Douglas A. (Douglas Allen). "Tom Shippey on J.R.R. Tolkien: A Checklist". Tolkien Studies 1, nr 1 (2004): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tks.2004.0003.

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Drout, Michael D. C. "J.R.R. Tolkien's Medieval Scholarship and its Significance". Tolkien Studies 4, nr 1 (2007): 113–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tks.2007.0013.

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Flieger, Verlyn. "The Fall of Arthur by J.R.R. Tolkien". Tolkien Studies 11, nr 1 (2014): 213–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tks.2014.0011.

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Rogers, Jennifer. "The Fall of Gondolin by J.R.R Tolkien". Tolkien Studies 16, nr 1 (2019): 170–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tks.2019.0013.

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Hughes, Shaun F. D. "The Fall of Arthur by J.R.R. Tolkien". Arthuriana 23, nr 3 (2013): 124–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/art.2013.0034.

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Snyder, Christopher A. "The Fall of Arthur by J.R.R. Tolkien". Arthuriana 23, nr 3 (2013): 135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/art.2013.0037.

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Fimi, Dimitra. "The Lay of Aotrou and Itroun by J.R.R. Tolkien, and: The Lay of Aotrou and Itroun by J.R.R. Tolkien". Tolkien Studies 14, nr 1 (2017): 184–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tks.2017.0014.

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Maratova, Zhamal Zh, i Tatiana V. Nazarova. "W. Morris’s tradition in J.R.R. Tolkien’s epic fantasy". RUDN Journal of Studies in Literature and Journalism 25, nr 3 (15.12.2020): 497–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-9220-2020-25-3-497-510.

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This article offers a comprehensive review of W. Morris influence on the epic fantasy of J.R.R. Tolkien. The purpose of the research is to reflect how Morris tradition influenced the development of Tolkiens fantastic prose - which later formed a separate subgenre of epic fantasy - and the whole fantasy genre. The objectives of the study include tracing the history of the development of fantastic element in literature - which served as a basis for the works of both authors - and finding poetological similarities and differences between W. Morris and J.R.R. Tolkien. The comparative study is based on the works of V. Gopman and K. Massey as well as on the original writings of Morris and Tolkien. The result of the study is the justification for W. Morris as the natural literary precursor of Tolkien. Based on the influence and partial borrowing of Morris imagery and motifs, Tolkin develops the theoretical foundation for the genre of magical fairy tale, which will later be called fantasy.

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Končar, Milica Spremić. "Tradition and Transformation: J.R.R. “Tolkien’s Fall of Arthur”". Belgrade English Language and Literature Studies 8 (2016): 205–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.18485/bells.2016.8.12.

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Khukhuni, Georgij T., i Anna A. Osipova. "J.R.R. TOLKIEN IN THE HISTORY OF BIBLE TRANSLATION". Bulletin of the Moscow State Regional University (Linguistics), nr 5 (2016): 90–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.18384/2310-712x-2016-5-90-98.

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Garth, John. "War and the Works of J.R.R. Tolkien (review)". Tolkien Studies 3, nr 1 (2006): 234–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tks.2006.0020.

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Rimmer, Jay. "J.R.R. Tolkien: Romanticist and Poet by Julian Eilmann". Tolkien Studies 15, nr 1 (2018): 250–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tks.2018.0015.

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Sulka, Emily. "J.R.R. Tolkien and the Music of Middle Earth". Channels 2, nr 1 (2017): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15385/jch.2017.2.1.6.

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Özenç Kasımoğlu, Merve. "J.R.R. TOLKİEN'İN ORTA DÜNYA MİTOLOJİSİ: BİR METİNLERARASILIK ÇALIŞMASI". International Language, Literature and Folklore Researchers Journal 1, nr 17 (1.01.2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.12992/turuk720.

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Croft, Janet Brennan. "Bibliographic resources for guiding research on J.R.R. Tolkien". Reference Reviews 31, nr 4 (15.05.2017): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rr-07-2016-0193.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to recommend print and electronic resources that will be useful in helping the student, scholar or thesis writer who wants to begin an in-depth literature search for criticism of the works of J.R.R. Tolkien. Listings are geared toward the English-speaking, North American user, but include some European sources as well. Design/methodology/approach Recommendations are based on the author’s experience as a scholar, editor and thesis advisor in the field of Tolkien studies. Findings While the use of general literature reference sources will satisfy most needs, a serious scholar will need to look beyond the Modern Language Association (MLA) and similar resources to do a comprehensive search of the literature. Originality/value This is not a topic covered in reference reviews, previously.

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Schuepfer, Frederick. "Servant-Leadership in the Mythology of J.R.R. Tolkien". International Journal of Servant-Leadership 5, nr 1 (1.01.2009): 287–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.33972/ijsl.223.

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DOMBROVSKIY, PAVEL, i OLEG KHAZANO. "THE J.R.R. TOLKIEN’S MYTH IN THE COUNTERCULTURE OUTLOOKS IN THE WEST SOCIETY OF 1960-1970S YEARS". History and modern perspectives 2, nr 3 (30.09.2020): 124–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.33693/2658-4654-2020-2-3-124-133.

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The article is devoted to the researching of the J.R.R. Tolkien’s (British writer and linguist) influence on the outlook of counterculture movements in 1960-1970s years. The west countries’ history of that period describes a developing of the youth protest activity and the promoting of the trilogy «The Lords of the Rings», which became the most important embodiment of J.R.R. Tolkien’s mythology. As the result, the creativity of British writer became as the fantastic allusion to the modern and recent historical problems of society, such as the USA campaign in Vietnam, world wars, consumption cult, the harm to the environment, the fight for civil rights, etc. The purpose of that article is to identify the role of J.R.R. Tolkien’s myth in the ideological forming of youth movements of the mentioned time period in the USA and West Europe of 1960-1970s years. Through the prism of that interaction authors reconstruct a layer of counterculture mythology with the merging of Tolkinism’s (the writer’s creativity and outlook) and protest ideas inside the original awareness. The result of this process is in the appearance of the new youth movements’ ideological aspects, reflected in slogans, sings and street art of the pointed time period. The embodiment of the young generation’s protest activity with fictional heroes and events in Tolkien’s Middle-Earth has the main role in such aspects. However, today there is lack of the researching of that problem. Authors of the article suggest to look at the counterculture’s history in west countries through the prism of the pointed synthesis as the one of basically elements in the formation of modern mass culture and subculture layer.

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Ilina, Alexandra S. "Christianity in Middle-Earth: St. Augustine and J.R.R. Tolkien". Voprosy Filosofii, nr 9 (2021): 184–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2021-9-184-193.

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The article is devoted to the analysis of motives and ideas in the epics of J.R.R. Tolkien, which he borrows from the texts of Augustine and from the texts of the Augustinian tradition. Main thesis of the paper is that the theological aspects of Tolkien’s “Middle-earthic” works are close to the ideas that Augustine asserts in his writings. Tolkien’s and Augustine’s opinions are similar on many central Christian issues, such as the problem of the relationship between free will and grace, the problem of the relationship between good and evil, the problem of the Fall and the problem of sin. For example, for Augustine, as for Tolkien, the fall is a consequence of the free will of an intelligent being who wants to take a higher place in the Hierarchy of Creation. This desire is called “pride” by both Augustine and Tolkien; for them pride is the mother of all subsequent vices. Both Augustine and Tolkien call the creatures that have taken possession of vice “evil”, but evil itself in the writings of Augustine, as in the writings of Tolkien, is not an essence. Evil “parasitizes” on the created, which is originally good, and destroys it. Evil for Tolkien and Augustine is non-being, the denial of being. These individual aspects form the basis of the worldview systems of Augustine and Tolkien; therefore, they are given a special place in our article.

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Tolkien, J. R. R. (John Ronald Reuel), i Carl F. Hostetter. "Sir Orfeo: A Middle English Version By J.R.R. Tolkien". Tolkien Studies 1, nr 1 (2004): 85–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tks.2004.0010.

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Măcineanu, Laura. "Masculine and Feminine Insights Into the Fantastic World of Elves: J.R.R. Tolkien’s the Lord of the Rings and Muriel Barbery’s the Life of Elves". Gender Studies 15, nr 1 (1.12.2016): 270–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/genst-2017-0018.

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Abstract The paper focuses on the fantasy universes created by J.R.R. Tolkien and by the more recent French writer, Muriel Barbery. The two authors excel in their depiction of the elusive world of the elves, each offering a deeply personal vision (a man writer’s and a woman writer’s) of what such magical beings may be like and how they may relate to humankind.

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Klautau, Diego Genu. "Paideia Medieval e Mythopoeia: Filosofia e Literatura em Tolkien." Antíteses 13, nr 26 (9.12.2020): 470. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1984-3356.2020v13n26p470.

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O tema deste artigo concentra-se nas relações entre filosofia e literatura no ensaio On Fairy-stories do escritor inglês J.R.R. Tolkien (1892-1973). Apresentado como conferência em 1939 e publicado em 1947, o texto mostra a concepção do autor sobre o gênero literário conhecido como fairy-stories, as estórias de fadas, e buscamos considerar as possíveis mediações e referências filosóficas e teológicas em sua investigação. Os objetivos do artigo são: 1) evidenciar a teoria literária proposta por Tolkien como parte da tradição filosófica do realismo medieval, com correspondências conceituais em Platão, Aristóteles, Agostinho e Tomás de Aquino; e 2) demostrar uma contribuição original de Tolkien na valorização da imaginação e da fantasia como forma da contemplação como finalidade do esforço educativo, denominada paideia, dessa tradição filosófica. A metodologia utilizada é de revisão bibliográfica comparativa entre os autores, usando tanto o ensaio citado quanto as cartas pessoais de J.R.R. Tolkien, além das obras dos filósofos em questão e seus comentadores contemporâneos. A conclusão afirma a viabilidade dessa relação entre a paideia e a mythopoeia concebida por Tolkien como uma via contemplativa que valoriza o artesanato de mitos como meio de admiração pela realidade na perspectiva metafísica.

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Komorowska, Joanna. "Masters of Truth in the Middle-Earth: Perceiving the Worlds of Fantasy through the Lens of Detienne’s Theory". Załącznik Kulturoznawczy, nr 5 (2018): 157–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/zk.2018.5.10.

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The essay analyzes the importance of true speech (as described in M. Detienne’s Les Maîtres de Vérité) in epic fantasy. Starting with J.R.R. Tolkien’s Middle-Earth, through Lyndon Hardy’s magical worlds, Ursula LeGuin’s Earthsea and AnnMcCaffrey’s Dragonriders of Pern series, speech carries an added value of truth, preserving and shaping the universe in turn – such understanding of privileged speech links modern fantasy literature to its ancient models (Homer or Hesiod).

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Evans, K. Durwood. "Animism as an Approach to Arda". International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature 8, nr 4 (31.07.2019): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.8n.4p.116.

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Here we examine qualities of what would be thought of as inanimate beings that lend evidence to the position that J.R.R. Tolkien’s fictional universe1 is animistic. Arda is full of life, and natural things in it, such as mountains and rivers, are often alive or conscious. A close look at the qualities of the stars in particular yields further evidence in favor of animism as a foundational ontology of Arda.

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Măcineanu, Laura. "Women Figures in George Macdonald’s and J.R.R. Tolkien’s Fantasy Writings". Gender Studies 18, nr 1 (1.12.2019): 69–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/genst-2020-0006.

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Abstract It is an undisputed fact that George MacDonald’s fantasy books were among J.R.R. Tolkien’s many sources of inspiration when writing his Middle-earth epic. Among these, “The Princess and the Goblinˮ and “The Princess and Curdieˮ attracted my attention, through the figures of some interesting women who appear in both of them. This paper endeavours to draw a comparison between Tolkien’s outstanding female characters in “The Lord of the Ringsˮ and the earlier versions of the same feminine archetypes in the two MacDonald books, noting both points of similarity and differences, as well as the strong effect these women have upon other characters in the stories.

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Bador, Damien. "Étude et enseignement des langues elfiques inventées par J.R.R. Tolkien". Cahiers du Centre de Linguistique et des Sciences du Langage, nr 62 (10.12.2020): 117–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.26034/la.cdclsl.2020.951.

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J.R.R. Tolkien a souvent soutenu que son travail était « d’inspiration fondamentalement linguistique ». En effet, les langues jouent un rôle important dans l’univers qu’il a créé, par-delà les besoins du récit. Cependant, Tolkien n’a jamais cessé de perfectionner ses deux principales langues elfiques, le quenya et le sindarin, et n’a jamais produit une grammaire définitive pour l’une d’entre elles. Cela n’a pas empêché les passionnés d’étudier les phrases et les manuscrits elfiques afin de comprendre ou même d’utiliser les langues elfiques. Cet article examine les défis spécifiques liés à l’étude et à l’enseignement des langues inventées par Tolkien. Il fait référence à la plupart des grammaires publiées et illustre les différentes approches qu’elles adoptent. Il aboutit à tablie entre les langues naturelles et artificielles.

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Golanowska, Magdalena. "Śródziemie „zapowiadające” Nowe Przymierze. Propozycja sposobu interpretacji legendarium J.R.R. Tolkiena". Roczniki Teologiczne 68, nr 9 (5.11.2021): 85–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.18290/rt.21689.6.

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Artykuł dotyka zagadnienia możliwości teologicznej interpretacji dzieł kultury na przykładzie dzieł J.R.R. Tolkiena. Wskazuje występujące racje takiej interpretacji oraz towarzyszące jej trudności. Posługuje się, pochodzącą od św. Pawła, kategorią „typu” − zjawiska, osoby lub wydarzenia zapowiadającego rzeczywistość Nowego Przymierza. Najpierw przybliża jej sens i historię wykorzystania w teologii, następnie uzasadnia jej zastosowanie do fragmentów prozy Tolkiena. Zasadniczą część artykułu stanowi odczytanie Wielkiej Wędrówki Elfów, opisanej w rozdziałach III-V Silmarillionu, jako obrazu Kościoła Pielgrzymującego. Kluczowe dla takiej interpretacji pozostają elementy takie, jak motyw wezwania, wspólnej drogi czy wzajemnego wstawiennictwa, a także wspaniałość celu wędrówki. Artykuł ukazuje z jednej strony owocność metody typologicznej, z drugiej − możliwość teologicznego wykorzystania dzieł literatury współczesnej.

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Wicher, Andrzej. "Some Boethian Themes in J.R.R. Tolkien’s Lord of the Rings". Romanica Silesiana 20, nr 2 (20.12.2021): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31261/rs.2021.20.03.

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There appear to be quite a few parallels between Tolkien’s The Lord of the Rings and Boethius’s The Consolation of Philosophy (Consolatio Philosophiae), and they seem to concern particularly, though not only, the character drawing in Tolkien’s book. Those parallels are preeminently connected with the fact that both Boethius and Tolkien like to think of the most extreme situations that can befall a human. And both are attached to the idea of not giving in to despair, and of finding a source of hope in seemingly desperate straits. The idea that there is some link between Boethius and Tolkien is naturally not new. T.A. Shippey talks about it in his The Road to Middle Earth, but he concentrates on the Boethian conception of good and evil, which is also of course an important matter, but surely not the only one that links Tolkien and Boethius. On the other hand, it is not my intention to claim that there is something in Tolkien’s book of which it can be said that it would have been absolutely impossible without Boethius. Still, I think it may be supposed that just like Boethian motifs are natural in the medieval literature of the West, so they can be thought of as natural in the work of such dedicated a medievalist as J.R.R. Tolkien.

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Bratman, David. "J.R.R. Tolkien: A Guide for the Perplexed by Toby Widdicombe". Tolkien Studies 18, nr 1 (2021): 269–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tks.2021.0020.

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Freeman, Austin. "Flesh, World, Devil: The Nature of Evil in J.R.R. Tolkien". Journal of Inklings Studies 10, nr 2 (październik 2020): 139–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ink.2020.0077.

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This article examines the nature of evil in Tolkien's work in light of Tom Shippey's well-known assertion that Tolkien struggled between two poles: a ‘Manichaean’ or dualist position and the Catholic Augustinian or ‘Boethian’ position which views evil as an absence. After noting that subsequent respondents to Shippey take this distinction for granted and often seem to misread Shippey himself, the author argues that in fact the whole discussion is ill-founded. New frameworks for reading Tolkien's views on evil should be sought. The article then presents a new proposal: dividing Tolkien's evils into the tripartite distinction of flesh, world, and devil long present in theological discussions.

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John Garth. "J.R.R. Tolkien and the Boy Who Didn't Believe in Fairies". Tolkien Studies 7, nr 1 (2010): 279–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tks.0.0076.

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Markova, Olga, i Mark T. Hooker. "When Philology Becomes Ideology: The Russian Perspective of J.R.R. Tolkien". Tolkien Studies 1, nr 1 (2004): 163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tks.2004.0011.

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Amendt-Raduege, Amy M. "Dream Visions in J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings". Tolkien Studies 3, nr 1 (2006): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tks.2006.0002.

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Bueno-Alonso, Jorge Luis. "A Companion to J.R.R. Tolkien ed. by Stuart D. Lee". Tolkien Studies 12, nr 1 (2015): 177–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tks.2015.0016.

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Neidorf, Leonard. "J.R.R. Tolkien's The Fall of Arthur: Creation from Literary Criticism". Tolkien Studies 14, nr 1 (2017): 91–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tks.2017.0008.

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Smith, Arden R. "A Secret Vice: Tolkien on Invented Languages by J.R.R. Tolkien". Tolkien Studies 14, nr 1 (2017): 169–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tks.2017.0013.

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Croft, Janet Brennan. "Doors into Elf-mounds: J.R.R. Tolkien's Introductions, Prefaces, and Forewords". Tolkien Studies 15, nr 1 (2018): 177–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tks.2018.0009.

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Simonson, Martin. "The Arboreal Foundations of Stewardship in J.R.R. Tolkien's The Silmarillion". English Studies in Africa 60, nr 2 (3.07.2017): 12–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00138398.2017.1406735.

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