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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Islands – great britain"
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Yakovleva, N. M. "Argentina vs Great Britain: the trajectory of one conflict". Cuadernos Iberoamericanos 10, nr 3 (19.01.2023): 123–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.46272/2409-3416-2022-10-3-123-135.
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40 years ago, on April 2, 1982, Argentina made a failed attempt by military means to establish sovereignty over the archipelago in the South Atlantic, which was under the jurisdiction of Great Britain. The war was the result of a two-century dispute over the ownership of the islands. Upon joining the UN in 1945, Buenos Aires loudly announced its claims to the Falkland Islands (Malvinas) and began to seek from the international community to recognize its claims as legitimate. Since then, the problem has been a red thread through the history of the country. The policy of the Argentine authorities on the issue of disputed territories developed with a pendulum dynamic. Periods of de-escalation of the conflict and the development of cooperation with Great Britain, coupled with a friendly attitude towards the islanders, were replaced by phases of the dominance of irreconcilable discourse with a strong demand for the “termination of the colonization policy” by the British authorities. Relations between Argentina and Great Britain after the end of hostilities can be divided into several stages. Regardless of the direction of the course of the next government, the issue of sovereignty over disputed territories has never been removed from the agenda. The Argentine side certainly used the “Malvinas question” as an instrument of domestic policy. Currently, the conflict is in a latent phase with no prospect of an early resolution.
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Krelenko, Denis M. "The factor of the Canarian archipelago in the contexts of pacification Francoist Spain and hegemonic competition (1940–1942)". Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations 23, nr 1 (21.02.2023): 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1819-4907-2023-23-1-79-87.
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This article is devoted to highlighting the international problems of the initial period of World War II that arose around the status of Gibraltar and the Canary Islands. Spain maintained military-political neutrality in the war. The countries participating in the armed conflict (USA, Great Britain, Nazi Germany) tried to use the territories belonging to Spain to their advantage. In 1941–1942 the British leadership developed several options for subordinating the Canary Islands to the UK. The article deals with operations Bugler, Chatney, Puma and Pilgrim. The author analyzes the features of these projects and the reasons that did not allow them to be implemented. The attention is focused on the different positions of the USA and Great Britain on the status of Spain and the Canaries. The contradictions between the allied powers allowed Spain to save the Canary archipelago. The article concludes that the British strategy was flawed because it diverted large forces needed on other fronts of the world confrontation.
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Ponomarenko, A. N. "The Role of the Referendum on Self-Determination in the Constitutional and Legal Mechanism for the Implementation of Democracy in Great Britain". Actual Problems of Russian Law 18, nr 9 (14.08.2023): 166–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1994-1471.2023.154.9.166-174.
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Ten years ago, the United Kingdom was faced with a challenge related to issues of territorial integrity of the state. The paper analyzes the constitutional and legal practice related to holding referendums on selfdetermination of peoples in the Falkland Islands, Scotland and the referendum on the withdrawal of Great Britain from the European Union (Brexit). Comparative legal analysis of the referendums under consideration consists in comparing such criteria as: the prerequisites for a referendum on self-determination, the organizational and legal regulation of the referendum, political and legal consequences of the referendum. It is noted that the role of the institution of referendum in the constitutional and legal mechanism for the implementation of democracy in Great Britain occupies a special place. The use by the British Government of the institution of a referendum to legitimize the decisions on self-determination of the Falkland Islands, Scotland and on secession from the European Union made it possible to achieve the set goals, namely: the Falkland Islands and Scotland remained part of the United Kingdom; the exit from the European Union took place. Based on a binary analysis of the internal and external aspects of the right of peoples to self-determination, which implies taking into account international legal and domestic consequences in the event of the realization of this right, the most noticeable trends are highlighted.
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Carassai, Sebastián. "‘The Dagger of Dispossession Will Be Ripped Out’: The Malvinas/Falkland Islands in Argentine Song (1941–82)". Journal of Latin American Studies 53, nr 4 (listopad 2021): 717–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x21000766.
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AbstractIn April 1982, Great Britain and Argentina went to war over the Falkland Islands/Malvinas. On 14 June, the defeated Argentine military began the evacuation of the Islands. Most Argentines came to view this short war as an absurd adventure entered into by a military dictatorship in decline trying to cling on to power. Yet by analysing Argentine songs about the Malvinas from 1941 to 1982, this article shows that the national imaginary had long included ideas of sovereignty usurped and captive islands awaiting redemption. Argentine songs about the Malvinas, I maintain, can be analysed as expressions of an ‘emotional community’ around the Islands. By examining the emphases, constants and changes in the songs emerging from that community, we get a clearer picture of how ideas about the territory and its recovery changed over time.
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Beerman, Eric. "The Last Battle of the American Revolution: Yorktown. No, The Bahamas! (The Spanish-American Expedition to Nassau in 1782)". Americas 45, nr 1 (lipiec 1988): 79–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1007328.
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History generally records Lord Cornwallis's surrender at Yorktown in October 1781 as the last battle of the American Revolution. Nevertheless, six months after that epic campaign, warships of the South Carolina Navy commanded by Commodore Alexander Gillon, transported Spanish General Juan Manuel de Cagigal's infantrymen from Havana to Nassau in the Bahamas, where the British capitulated on May 8, 1782. Thus, the Treaty of Versailles signed the following year made this little-known Spanish and American expedition the last battle of the American Revolution.The Bahamas, or Lucayos, an archipelago off the southeastern coast of the United States, take on increasing historical interest with the approach of the 500th Anniversary of Columbus's first landing in the New World 200 miles southeast of Nassau at Guanahani. The Bahamas, however, played only a minor role in the Spanish colonization of the Americas whereas, Great Britain gave priority to these strategic islands, making an initial settlement on the island of Eleuthera. The British later found a better harbor to the west and named the island New Providence which became their Bahama stronghold. King Charles II granted the Duke of Albemarle the Bahamas in 1670 and appointed John Wentworth as governor. Harrassed by plundering pirates, the British governor constructed a fort on New Providence in 1695 and named it Nassau in honor of King William III. The island's preoccupation changed in 1703 from marauding corsairs to a Spanish and French invasion during the War of the Spanish Succession. Great Britain regained control and maintained it until the outbreak of the American Revolution when John Paul Jones participated in the brief American seizure of Nassau in March 1776 in one of the first offensive operations in the history of the United States Navy.
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Kazakov, Vladimir. "Conflict in the South Atlantics: geopolitical aspect". OOO "Zhurnal "Voprosy Istorii" 2024, nr 3 (1.03.2024): 30–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.31166/voprosyistorii202403statyi10.
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The article examines the South Atlantic Conflict the Falklands (Malvinas) War between Great Britain and Argentina in 1982 in terms of geopolitics as the military regime in Argentina (1976-1983) considered that geopolitical motives were very important in foreign policy. According to military elite the South Atlantic was an ocean of increasing strategic and the growing economic importance. The Falklands (Malvinas), South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands were much more than islands for Argentina. They represented the basis of her maritime domain and had economic importance due to their wealth in fish, oil and minerals. Without access to the South Atlantic it would not be possible far Argentina to transform into regional power. This was the reason that made Argentina occupy the islands on April 2,1982.
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Griffiths, Darralyn, Kevin Walters i Sean Casey. "COVID-19 preparedness and response in the Pitcairn Islands: keeping one of the world’s smallest and most isolated populations safe in a pandemic". Western Pacific Surveillance and Response Journal 15, nr 2 (30.06.2024): 07–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5365/wpsar.2024.15.2.1068.
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Problem: While the COVID-19 pandemic threatened the entire world, the extremely remote Pitcairn Islands faced unique vulnerabilities. With only a physician and a nurse to care for an ageing population of fewer than 40 residents, and with very limited referral pathways, Pitcairn encountered distinct challenges in preparing for and responding to the COVID-19 pandemic. Context: The Pitcairn Islands is an overseas territory of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland consisting of four islands in the South Pacific: Pitcairn, Henderson, Ducie and Oeno. Pitcairn is the only inhabited island with a local resident population of approximately 31 people, around half of whom were over 60 years old in 2023. The islands are only accessible by sea and are located more than 2000 km from the nearest referral hospital in French Polynesia. Actions: Pitcairn’s Island Council took aggressive action to delay the importation of SARS-CoV-2, vaccinate its small population and prepare for the potential arrival of the virus. Outcomes: As of May 2024, Pitcairn was one of the only jurisdictions in the world not to have had a single COVID-19 hospitalization or death. Nevertheless, the pandemic presented the islands’ population with many economic, social and health challenges. Discussion: Pitcairn’s population avoided COVID-19-related hospitalizations and deaths despite its elderly population’s vulnerability to COVID-19, a significant level of comorbidities, and limited clinical management capabilities and options for emergency referrals. The pandemic highlighted some of the population’s health vulnerabilities while also underscoring some of their innate strengths.
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Lugovskoy, A. V., Y. S. Pestushko i E. V. Savelova. "Insularity as a core of ethnocultural identity (a comparative study of Great Britain and Japan)". Japanese Studies in Russia, nr 3 (12.10.2023): 49–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.55105/2500-2872-2023-3-49-62.
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The formation of cultural characteristics of a nation as well as the peculiarities of its worldview and ethnic psychology are largely influenced by the geographical factor which comprises the location of a country, its climate, the access or absence of access to seas, oceans, etc. One of relatively new terms in the Russian and foreign humanities is “insularity” which is understood as “isolated origin,” or “island location,” or “the island effect.” The notion of insularity is not only constituted by the fact of geographic isolation, but it also includes certain cultural, political, and ethnocultural features. The study aims to analyze the effect of the geographic insulation of Great Britain and Japan on the formation of island mentality and specific socio-cultural characteristics of these two island nations. The authors discuss the defining role of the geographical factor in the formation of the aforesaid characteristics of the British and the Japanese. The article particularly focuses on the study of national character traits typical of the two insular cultures. The study argues that the insular location of Great Britain and Japan as well as the climatic and natural conditions of these countries not only predetermined the specifics of human settlement and their economy but also shaped the mentality and worldviews of the people inhabiting the islands. The key factor in forming the national identity of both the British and the Japanese is the image of the Other, the image of the enemy. The distinction between the Self and the Other has underpinned a number of key national values. At the same time, the insular cultures of the UK and Japan display certain differences. Japan is a country with a distinct hierarchical social organization in which respect for older people and superiors is a key cultural characteristic. In contrast, the UK has a less hierarchical individualistic society. Furthermore, Japan is more conventional from the point of view of its cultural and religious institutions, norms and values. In its turn, the UK is more modern and possesses an ability to flexibly incorporate other cultural traits and new ideas. Finally, Japanese culture focuses more on collectivist practices whereas the UK being partly under the influence of European mentality is more oriented towards individualism and personal freedom.
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García Cabrera, Marta. "El control de la opinión pública canaria durante la Gran Guerra (1914-1918): propaganda y diplomacia extranjera". Vegueta. Anuario de la Facultad de Geografía e Historia 22, nr 1 (7.02.2022): 179–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.51349/veg.2022.1.10.
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La posición estratégica de Canarias convirtió al archipiélago en un enclave destacado de la Primera Guerra Mundial. La guerra trastocó el panorama comunicativo insular y movilizó un amplio debate sociocultural en el que también participaron los organismos diplomáticos y propagandísticos internacionales, las compañías navieras y las colonias extranjeras. Este artículo analiza los esfuerzos desplegados por las potencias extranjeras para dirigir a la opinión pública canaria entre 1914 y 1918, describiendo las maquinarias propagandísticas de Francia, Alemania y Gran Bretaña, así como los instrumentos empleados para difundir sus mensajes en las islas. The strategic position of the Canary Islands made the archipelago a prominent enclave of the First World War. The war disrupted the island’s communication, sparking a broad sociocultural debate that also took in international diplomatic and propaganda organizations, shipping companies and foreign colonies. This article analyses the efforts made by foreign powers to direct Canarian public opinion between 1914 and 1918, describing the messages and propaganda apparatus of France, Germany, and Great Britain, as well as the instruments of dissemination employed on the islands.
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Banyard, Ashley C., Fabian Z. X. Lean, Caroline Robinson, Fiona Howie, Glen Tyler, Craig Nisbet, James Seekings i in. "Detection of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus H5N1 Clade 2.3.4.4b in Great Skuas: A Species of Conservation Concern in Great Britain". Viruses 14, nr 2 (21.01.2022): 212. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14020212.
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The UK and Europe have seen successive outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza across the 2020/21 and 2021/22 autumn/winter seasons. Understanding both the epidemiology and transmission of these viruses in different species is critical to aid mitigating measures where outbreaks cause extensive mortalities in both land- and waterfowl. Infection of different species can result in mild or asymptomatic outcomes, or acute infections that result in high morbidity and mortality levels. Definition of disease outcome in different species is of great importance to understanding the role different species play in the maintenance and transmission of these pathogens. Further, the infection of species that have conservation value is also important to recognise and characterise to understand the impact on what might be limited wild populations. Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b has been detected in great skuas (Stercorarius skua) across different colonies on islands off the shore of Scotland, Great Britain during summer 2021. A large number of great skuas were observed as developing severe clinical disease and dying during the epizootic and mortalities were estimated to be high where monitored. Of eight skuas submitted for post-mortem examination, seven were confirmed as being infected with this virus using a range of diagnostic assays. Here we overview the outbreak event that occurred in this species, listed as species of conservation concern in Great Britain and outline the importance of this finding with respect to virus transmission and maintenance.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Islands – great britain"
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Donaldson, David Whamond. "Britain and Menorca in the eighteenth century". Thesis, n.p, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/.
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Ioannidis, Eudoxia. "British foreign policy toward southeastern Europe and the restoration of the Dodecanese Islands to Greece". Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61105.
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The aim of the thesis is to analyze Britain's Mediterranean strategy and his relationship to the acquisition of the Dodecanese islands to Greece. Chapter I of this study includes a historical background of the islands prior to the Second World War. Chapter II examines British policy toward Greece and the Dodecanese between 1923-43. Chapter III provides an analysis of the role of the Dodecanese within British policy and military operations in the eastern Mediterranean. The last section deals with the actual restoration of the Dodecanese islands to Greece.
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Flahault, Michel. "Britain and the Falkland Islands crisis, 1982 : an analysis of crisis decision-making". Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63938.
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Gibran, Daniel Kahlil. "Strategic imperatives, British defence policy, and the case of the Falklands War 1982". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1990. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=185747.
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This analysis proposes the thesis that in the formulation of post-war British defence policy, wider strategic developments taking place in the international environment are as important as, if not more than, domestic economic considerations, and examines the motivations that lay behind the British government's decision to recapture the Falkland Islands after their seizure by Argentine forces in April 1982. It is a first and comprehensive attempt to explore these two themes. It presents a challenge to the dominant view that British defence policy has, over the past two decades, been influenced by purely economic factors. Throughout the post-war era, defence analysts have come to accept the orthodox paradigm of British defence policy which attributes the reduction in the size of Britain's defence dispositions entirely to financial and economic pressures. While not negating the role of economic factors, this work rejects the gravamen of the orthodox paradigm and attempts to bring balance to the intellectual debate confronting British defence policy. Using the Falklands War as a case-study, this analysis demonstrates the salience of strategic imperatives and underscores the view that economic constraints can be pushed aside for what decision-makers perceive to be higher national and politico-strategic interests. It argues that while several factors may appear to have influenced the British decision to retake the Islands, only two interlocking sets are truly credible. These relate to national honour considerations and the fight for principles. Moreover, it argues that the credibility of the latter flows from the primacy of pride and prestige, thus making national honour considerations the dominant motif or explanation. The analysis begins with a review of the literature and shows the gaps which this work attempts to fill. Chapter Two examines the strategic and economic trends and developments in British defence policy prior to the Falklands War. Chapter Three presents a comprehensive picture and explanation of the Falkland Islands as an issue of long-standing dispute between Argentina and Britain. In Chapter Four, the factors that prompted the Junta to launch its attack are examined and the British response discussed. Chapters Five and Six utilize the Falklands War as a formidable case to support the major theme of this work. Chapter Seven provides a summary, and concludes with a short examination of four basic issues relating to the analysis.
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MacKinnon, Daniel Finlayson. "Local governance and economic development : re-figuring state regulation in the Scottish Highlands". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/17575.
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This thesis examines the politics of local, governance in the Scottish Highlands, taking the Highlands and Islands Enterprise (HIE) network - made up of a central core and 10 Local Enterprise Companies (LECs) - as its institutional focus. It synthesises regulationist approaches and neo-Marxist state theory to explain LECs as part of a broader process of re-regulation under consecutive Conservative governments. LECs are unelected, business-led agencies operating at the local level. The political discourse through which LECs were established and promoted created expectations of local autonomy among business representatives that clashed with the centralising tendencies of Thatcherism. The thesis examines how the resultant tension between local initiative and central control has been worked out within the HIE network. It relies on data collected from seventy semi-structured interviews with representatives of HIE, LECs, local authorities, businesses and community groups. The initial chapters introduce the research and consider key methodological issues, set out the theoretical framework, and review the practices of the Highlands and Islands Development Board (HIDB, HIE's successor). The thesis then explores the key tension between local initiative and central control, explaining how it has been mediated and resolved through routine institutional practices. It also examines HIE-LECs relations with other key agencies, notably local authorities, through selected examples of multi-agency partnerships and assesses LECs' local accountability and representativeness. Finally, a concluding chapter sets out the main findings and considers their implications. While key managerial 'technologies' such as targeting, audit and financial controls allow central government to monitor and steer the HIE network, the thesis argues that the authoritative resources of the HIE core - grounded in the combination of local knowledge and technical expertise inherited from the HIDB - enables it to adapt key aspects of the operating regime to its own purposes. Local autonomy is limited by the relative centralisation of the Network, and LECs operate in a system of structured flexibility in which their scope to adapt policy to local conditions is constrained by state rules and procedures. In emphasising that local autonomy is limited by hierarchical mechanisms of control, the thesis argues that local governance in the Scottish Highlands continues to be underpinned by government. It also points to the limits of the regulation approach and neo-Marxist state theory as theoretical perspectives, suggesting that neo-Foucauldian writings on govemmentality are useful in providing stronger analytical purchase on the specific mechanisms and procedures through which state regulation is practised.
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Ellerby, Clive Richard. "British interests in the Falkland Islands : economic development, the Falkland lobby and the sovereignty dispute, 1945 to 1989". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1990. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9b49beee-e54f-4190-8f0b-403289776cba.
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The aim of the thesis is to study the circumstances which influenced the policy of the British Government towards the decolonization of the Falklands from 1945 to 1989. A comprehensive approach to the subject enabled an examination of the inter-relationship between the various forces which defined the nature of the dilemma. The themes included economic development, the form of landownership in the Colony, Falkland politics, the strategic value of the Islands, Anglo- Argentine trade and the Antarctic dimension. The thesis presents an original interpretation of how volatile and unpredictable pressures defined the dispute. A pattern emerges which shows that Government policy consisted of responses to different situations. The structure is based on a chronological approach which concentrates on the seven major turning-points in the dispute and how they were perceived in Britain and the Falklands. It also includes three original case studies. First, there is a socio- economic study of the peculiar approach to the colonization of the Falklands in the nineteenth century which provides a background to later developments. Secondly, the 1982 Conflict shows how the problems of the last British colonial territories can be in inverse proportion to their size. Thirdly, the examination of the Falkland Lobby gives a detailed account of how a successful British pressure group is organized. The primary sources used were Foreign and Colonial Office files at the Public Records Office (Kew) for the period up to the 1950s, and the archives of the Falkland Islands Association for the period from the mid-1960s. These were supplemented by private papers, the records of the Falkland Islands Company in London, interviews with prominent people, contemporary newspapers, official documents and secondary sources.
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MacLeod, Anne Margaret. "The idea of antiquity in visual images of the Highlands and Islands c.1700-1880". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2006. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1085/.
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This thesis addresses the textual bias inherent in the historiography by exploring the value of visual images as a source of evidence for cultural perceptions of the Gàidhealtachd. Visual images stood at the sharp end of the means by which stereotypes were forged and sustained. In part, this was a direct result of the special role afforded to the image in the cultural and intellectual climate of Enlightenment and post-Enlightenment Europe. This thesis looks at the evolution of visual interest in the Highlands and Islands on two fronts, documentary and aesthetic, and pays particular attention to the way in which the two main functions of the image in society came to be intertwined. This thesis argues that the concept of antiquity was the single most powerful influence driving the visual representation of the Highlands and Islands during a long period from c. 1700 to around 1880, and indeed into the twentieth century. If something could be regarded as ancient, aboriginal, dead, or even dying, it acquired both documentary and aesthetic value. This applied to actual antiquities, to customs and manners perceived as indigenous and ‘traditional’ to the region, and, ultimately, even to the physical landscape. Successive chapters explore what might now be classified as the archaeological, ethnological and geological motives for visualising the Highlands and Islands, and the bias in favour of antiquity which resulted from the spread of intellectual influences into the fine arts. The shadow of time which hallmarked visual representations of the region resulted in a preservationist mentality which has had powerful repercussions down to the present day. The body of evidence considered – which embraces maps, plans, paintings, drawings, sketches and printed images by both professionals and amateurs – must be viewed as a rich and valuable companion to the written word.
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Watkins, Nicolle. "Gender, community and the memory of the Second World War occupation of the Channel Islands". Thesis, University of Essex, 2018. http://repository.essex.ac.uk/21833/.
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This thesis examines the construction of frames of Second World War memory in the post-occupation Channel Islands, and considers the impact of gender on both this memory-making process and the resulting popular representations of their shared past. It first explores the gendered tensions and fractures of the occupation years, and their role in the construction of this usable past. The occupation will be shown to have directly challenged the traditional gendered expectations of British wartime conduct (a key tenet of Islander identity), particularly regarding martial masculinity and feminine virtue. These tensions and fractures were particularly acute in the Channel Islands, as they were the only British territory to be occupied by German forces during the Second World War, having been demilitarised prior to the invasion of 1940. The war memories that were popularly adopted by the Islander communities after the war were, therefore, rooted in these early tensions and fractures, as they sought out retribution, closure, and unity, along with a connection to the desirable British war memory and the image of the victorious soldier hero. This thesis examines how this traumatic period has been built into a necessary and powerful founding myth in the Channel Islands, through the gendered sharing of war stories and rituals, as well as the reclaiming of contested spaces and objects to the present day. This analysis of the war memory of these small Islander communities will inform wider understanding of how gendered wartime anxieties might have similarly impacted the construction of war memory within other previously occupied nations across Europe. It also offers an important insight into the role of gender in the subsequent dissemination, disruption and stabilisation of war stories through generations, particularly within small communities recovering from the trauma of war.
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Beaudouin, Audrey. "Land, sea and communities in 18th-century Shetland islands". Thesis, Rennes 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN20047/document.
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Dans un rentier des terres arables des îles Shetland, écrit au début des années 1770, l’expression suivante apparut : « Les habitants des villages d’un même scattald sont appelés frères de scatt ». Ces quelques mots déclenchèrent une série de questions : qu’est-ce qu’un scattald ? Qu’est-ce que le scatt ? Qui sont ces frères de scatt ? Des recherches aux Archives Nationales d’Écosse et aux archives des îles Shetland ainsi que la lecture de travaux universitaires sur les questions des communautés, des communs, des coutumes, des systèmes de justice locale et sur la vie rurale à l’époque moderne conduisirent à l’écriture de cette thèse sur les communautés des îles Shetland au XVIIIe siècle. Ces communautés vivaient dans un contexte géographique particulier. Sans sous estimer le rôle de l’environnement local dans la vie des Shetlandais, cette thèse montre que celui-ci était plus un espace de possibilités que de restrictions ; il apportait des contraintes, mais tout autre environnement dans l’Europe moderne avait aussi ses limites. La vie dans les îles Shetland était, comme n’importe où en Écosse à la même époque, fondée sur les ressources locales et le développement de l’économie de marché apporta ses avantages et ses inconvénients aux habitants. Dans les îles Shetland, l’économie de marché entraîna le développement des tenures à poissons avec leurs contrats particuliers de métayage.Pour comprendre ces communautés, la thèse s’ouvre sur la manière dont elles étaient régulées. Les lois, les cours et le personnel judiciaire avaient tous un rôle à jouer dans le contrôle social des membres des communautés. Cette thèse explore aussi les activités des membres des communautés dans leur environnement. Les îles Shetland comme de nombreuses régions du nord-ouest de l’Europe à la même époque, étaient un espace de pluriactivité. À travers la pluriactivité et l’accès aux communs, les communautés shetlandaises des scattalds gardèrent un certain niveau d’indépendance même à une époque où existait la servitude pour dettes. Cette relation particulière fut rendue possible par un accès presque illimité aux communs pendant tout le XVIIIe siècle, époque pendant laquelle les déplacements sur les communs étaient possibles et où la transmission de la mémoire de ses frontières restait vivante. Des changements eurent cependant lieu sur les îles Shetland à cette époque. Les tenures à poissons ne furent qu’un élément de ces changements : les femmes commencèrent à être plus nombreuses que les hommes, la taille des terres arables cultivées par foyer diminua, les communs protégés furent lentement grignotés, et la cour de justice régionale offrit plus de possibilités de justice aux plus hauts rangs qu’aux tenanciers… Finalement, cette thèse soutient qu’au XVIIIe siècle, les communautés locales shetlandaises offraient une protection aux femmes et aux hommes qui à travers elles avaient un système de soutien organiséIn a rental of the arable land of Shetland, written in the early 1770s, the following expression appeared: “The inhabitants of the Towns within the same Scattald are called scatt brethren.” These few words triggered a series of questions. What is a scattald? What is the scatt? Who are these ‘scatt brothers’? Research at the National Records of Scotland and at the Shetland Archives as well as the reading of academic literature on the questions of communities, commons, custom, local judicial systems and rural life in the early modern period led to the writing of a thesis on communities in the 18th century. These communities lived in a peculiar geographical context: the Shetland Islands. Without underestimating the role of the local environment in the life of the Shetlanders, this thesis shows that the surroundings of the Shetlanders were more a place of possibilities than a place of restrictions; it brought constraints, but any other surroundings in early modern Europe had its limitations. The life on the islands of Shetland was as anywhere else on mainland Scotland at the same period a life based on local resources and which saw the development of a market economy with its advantages and disadvantages for the inhabitants. In Shetland the market economy took the form of the fishing tenures with their specific share-cropping contracts.In order to understand these communities the thesis starts with how they were regulated. The regulations, the courts and their personnel all had a role to play in the social control of the members of the communities. This thesis also explores the activities of the communities’ members in their environment. Shetland as well as several regions in Northwest Europe at the same time was a place of pluriactivité, multi-tasking. Through multi-tasking and access to the commons, the scattald communities of Shetland kept a certain level of independence even in time of debt-bondage. This paradoxical relationship was rendered possible by an almost unlimited access to the commons throughout the 18th century, a time during which the movement on the commons were possible and the transmission of the memory of their boundaries stayed alive. Changes, however, happened on the islands during these times. The fishing tenures were only one element of these changes: women started to outnumber men, the size of the arable land cultivated by one household diminished, the protected commons were slowly nibbled, and a regional court offered more possibilities for justice to the higher ranks than to the tenants... Eventually, this thesis argues that local communities in 18th-century Shetland offered protection to women and men who through them had an organised support system
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Lenfert, R. "Long-term continuity and change within Hebridean and mainland Scottish island dwellings". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2012. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13829/.
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Small island dwellings in Scotland and Ireland, typically (and often problematically) referred to as crannogs, have experienced growing archaeological activity in the past three decades through survey, underwater investigation and excavation. This renewed activity has prompted a number of recent research projects, both field and desk based in nature. While the end result has certainly created a clearer picture of life on small islets from the Neolithic to the Post-Medieval period, particularly in Scotland there are several fundamental aspects that are long overdue for attention. First, rather than focussing upon niche periods such as the Iron Age, I have chosen to examine continuity and change over the entirety of the island dwelling tradition in Scotland. Secondly, this thesis also marks a departure from traditional approaches by integrating mainland crannog studies with those found in the Western Isles or Outer Hebrides. Despite having the highest density and longest chronology for occupied islets in Scotland, very little fieldwork has been carried out in the Western Isles. Ironically, examples in the Western Isles, generally referred to as 'island duns', have typically been viewed in isolation from their mainland counterpart the 'crannog', despite Hebridean activity appearing to embrace the concept more fully. Ultimately, it is the recognition in this thesis that both areas share the same core concept- living on small islets, and how the integration of Hebridean sites into existing discourses on mainland occupied islets can be mutually beneficial. This thesis wishes to reddress this imbalance while also examining how archaeological terminology can divide the common conceptual denominator of living on small islets. Another aspect includes an examination of the phenomena of prolific reuse amongst island dwellings, as almost every islet excavation in Scotland has provided evidence of reuse, often several centuries or more after initial occupation. Therefore, another aim of this thesis is to analyse use patterns over the long-term, and examine why people repeatedly went to the effort of living on small islets. This thesis also indicates how the motivations for islet use range from pragmatic to more symbolic concerns. These underlying motivations for islet use in Scotland are found to vary greatly, and extend beyond the typical defence hypothesis.
Książki na temat "Islands – great britain"
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Great Britain. Central Office of Information. Reference Services., red. Britain and the Falkland Islands. London: HMSO, 1993.
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Fogle, Ben. The Teatime Islands. London: Penguin Group UK, 2010.
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Lawrence, Freedman. Britain and the Falklands War. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1988.
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Somerville, Christopher. The other British Isles: A journey through the offshore islands of Britain. London: Grafton, 1990.
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Byrn, John D. Crime and punishment in the Royal Navy: Discipline on the Leeward Islands station, 1784-1812. Aldershot, Hants, England: Scolar Press, 1989.
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Stallwitz, Anke. The Role of Community-Mindedness in the Self-Regulation of Drug Cultures: A Case Study from the Shetland Islands. Dordrecht: Springer Nature, 2012.
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Raoul, Lemprière, red. Jersey in old photographs: A second selection. Gloucester: Sutton, 1989.
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Martin, Robert Montgomery. History of the British possessions in the Mediterranean: Comprising Gibraltar, Malta, Gozo, and the Ionian Islands. Valletta, Malta: Midsea Books, 2001.
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Breen, Eamonn. The three islands: International agreements in Northern Ireland, Cyprus, and Sri Lanka. [Belfast: Dept. of Politics], Queen's University of Belfast, 1990.
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Breen, Eamonn. The three islands: International agreements in Northern Ireland, Cyprus, and Sri Lanka. Belfast: Department of Politics, Queen's University of Belfast, 1990.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaCzęści książek na temat "Islands – great britain"
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Kirby, Keith J. "Islands of Trees in Long-Fragmented Landscapes in Great Britain". W Biodiversity Islands: Strategies for Conservation in Human-Dominated Environments, 337–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92234-4_13.
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Claudino-Sales, Vanda. "Gough and Inaccessible Islands, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland". W Coastal World Heritage Sites, 251–56. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1528-5_37.
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Fromholzer, Franz. "Es ist der Jnsell Art! Inselgeographie und politisches Experiment in Carolus Stuardus von Andreas Gryphius". W Neues von der Insel, 415–40. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-66949-5_19.
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ZusammenfassungThe article aims at examining the geographical representation of Great Britain in Gryphius’ play. Great Britain as an island predestines the kingdom to a political field of experimentation in analogy to early modern utopian literature. England, called ‚enge Land‘ (narrow land) by king Carolus Stuardus, tends towards war and social dynamics. A political storm has taken hold of the island which is shaken like the sea surrounding Great Britain. Thus, the decoupling of the United Kingdom from Europe seems desirable.
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Hammond, J. R. "A Tour through the Whole Island of Great Britain". W A Defoe Companion, 136–43. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230374706_13.
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Claudino-Sales, Vanda. "Henderson Island, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland". W Coastal World Heritage Sites, 407–12. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1528-5_60.
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Flint Ashery, Shlomit. "The Hasidic Communities of Stamford Hill and Canvey Island". W Spatial Behavior in Haredi Jewish Communities in Great Britain, 143–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25858-0_11.
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Flint Ashery, Shlomit. "Canvey Island: The Effects of Group Action of Satmar Community". W Spatial Behavior in Haredi Jewish Communities in Great Britain, 123–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25858-0_10.
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Hemer, Oscar. "Islands in Distress". W The Global South Atlantic. Fordham University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823277872.003.0008.
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The short 1982 war between Argentina and Great Britain over the Malvinas/Falklands had far-reaching consequences for both countries. In Argentina, the disastrous defeat became the decisive blow to six years of military dictatorship. In Great Britain, the resounding victory was conceived as a personal triumph for the contested Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher. This chapter interrogates the similarities of the symbolic significations attached to the islands (and the conflict), with mirroring myths of national renewal and adjoining crusade or romance-quest rescue scenarios, and argues that these have been more thoroughly scrutinised in Argentina than in the UK. Approaching the thirty-fifth anniversary of the war, the conditions on the islands and the South Atlantic regional context are resoundingly different, but the conflict remains unresolved.
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Barbour, Stephen. "Britain and Ireland: The Varying Significance of Language for Nationalism". W Language and Nationalism in Europe, 18–43. Oxford University PressOxford, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198236719.003.0002.
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Abstract In this chapter we are concerned with two states: the Republic of Ireland (sometimes also referred to in English by its Irish name Eire), and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (the UK), along with the UK dependencies of the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man. These two states are commonly referred to as ‘Ireland’ and ‘Britain’, but these terms are problematic, since ‘Ireland’ also designates the island of Ireland, part of which, Northern Ireland, is within the United Kingdom. ‘Britain’ is problematic, since some regard it as synonymous with ‘Great Britain’, which for others means only the larger of the two major islands in the archipelago, or England, Scotland and Wales. I shall refer to the two major islands, with their respective smaller offshore islands, as ‘Ireland’ and ‘Great Britain’ respectively, and I shall refer to the states as ‘the Republic of Ireland’ and ‘the United Kingdom’ or ‘the UK’ respectively. The term ‘United Kingdom’ is appropriate when referring to the state, the political structure, but ‘Britain’ is more appropriate when referring to national identity, since ‘United Kingdom’ is a cold, formal, political designation, with which, I would argue, few identify. I would even suggest that the United Kingdom is a state, a political structure, while Britain is a nation, a human population. This view is supported by the fact that many de jure citizens of the UK, Irish nationalists in Northern Ireland, consider their nationality to be Irish and not British.
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Richards, Eric. "Islands of exit". W The genesis of international mass migration, 20–37. Manchester University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9781526131485.003.0002.
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Most of the islands of Britain were largely unaffected by direct industrialisation before 1850: they were on the periphery of the great changes. The Isle of Man provides relatively straightforward conditions in which to examine the operations of migratory flows in a context which remained primarily rural, with some mining and fishing as secondary factors. The emigration records of the Isle of Man and Guernsey display great contrasts in their trajectories, though the final shape was rather similar. The Isle of Man was only marginally affected by the emigrations, though population pressure slowly diminished during the rest of the nineteenth century. Dramatic and sudden exoduses of several hundred people from the Isle of Man began in the mid-1820s. It was essentially a concentrated outflow of Manx people to Ohio, where the emigrants developed strong connections which were sustained for more than a century.
Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Islands – great britain"
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Cuciureanu, Ana-Maria. "Traditional nutrition. Case study — Th e Romanian community in Greece". W Simpozion internațional de etnologie: Tradiții și procese etnice, Ediția III. Institute of Cultural Heritage, Republic of Moldova, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.52603/9789975841733.08.
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The act of “eating” is part of the ritual and ceremonial acts that have a great capacity for social transformation with a well-marked symbolic eff ectiveness. Th e history of nutrition cannot be seen as detached from the history of humanity, as they are identifi ed in the stages of their evolution. Factors that play an important role in this regard, infl uencing and sizing specifi c meanings and connotations, are the natural environment, climatic conditions, the socio-economic structure of communities, spiritual beliefs. Migration has been an acute phenomenon of the Romanian society in the last 30 years. If in the second half of the last century, during the communist period, the phenomenon of migration focused on moving the population from rural to urban areas, the liberalization of borders, entering EU structures, NATO, etc., facilitated and even encouraged, in a way or another, the migration of Romanians. Th e Romanian communities have grown signifi cantly, reaching a signifi cant place in the population of migrating countries, and even a representative minority in certain European states (Italy, Spain, Great Britain, etc.). Statistically speaking, Greece does not have a concrete record of the Romanian community, the last census dating from 2007 and the one from the end of 2021 not being centralized yet. In Greece, based on the information provided by the Romanian associations, there are a number of approximately 80,000 — 100,000 Romanians from several areas of Romania, mainly from Moldova, Bucovina and Maramureș, most of them living in Athens and a smaller part on the islands. Th is paper presents a case study, conducted within the Romanian community in Greece, having as main element traditional food. Starting from the idea that this community is part of the mobility diaspora, not being clearly defi ned for a period of time, we will notice, however, that the traditional food is an extremely important element in preserving the national identity. Th e Romanian communities, be they historical or mobility, follow an authentic Romanian social pattern, with few foreign influences, determined by several factors.
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Sahnov, A., A. Klyuev i L. Litvinova. "HISTORICAL LONDON". W Manager of the Year. FSBE Institution of Higher Education Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/my2021_276-280.
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The article is devoted to the capital of the United Kingdom. The description is based on a comparison of information about London in the past and modern London. It helps you to see the history of the capital of the United Kingdom in dynamics, assess the scale of changes and understand the reason for these changes. Modern London plays a significant role in the political, economic and cultural life of the country. Geographically the city, which is now a metropolis, is located on the River Thames in the south-eastern part of the island of Great Britain. All the famous parts of the city – the City, the West End, the East End, Westminster are quite old and historically significant and interesting. The authors trace the history of the city since its foundation, separately considering the informative names of London streets, its historical parts – the Town, many boroughs, the Tower and Hamlet.
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Alejandro, S. B., D. Bedo, G. Koenig, R. Swirbalus, J. Woffinden, J. M. Vaughan, D. W. Brown i in. "Lidar Measurements of Aerosol Backscatter in Regions of the North and South Atlantic". W Coherent Laser Radar. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/clr.1991.fa6.
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To establish natural aerosol backscatter coefficients over extended regions of the globe, the Geophysics Laboratory (GL) of the US Air Force Systems Command and the Royal Signals and Radar Establishment (RSRE) of Great Britain have joined in a co-operative program of lidar observations utilizing both ground based and airborne instrumentation. A preliminary account of the measurement programme in the South Atlantic has been given in Reference 1. Aircraft measurements have been made with a CO2 10.6µm coherent lidar mounted in the bomb bay of a Royal Aircraft Establishment Canberra bomber operating throughout complex test flights to above 50,000 feet. At the surface, simultaneously and in the near vicinity of the aircraft flight path, altitude profiles of backscatter were acquired by a coherent CO2 lidar and a doubled and tripled YAG lidar provided by Phillips Laboratory. In addition to the lidar, the aircraft carried particle size probes under the wings. Supporting meteorological data were obtained from local sonde launches, and from the Air Force Air Weather Service and the British Meteorological Office. The airborne system provides essentially an in situ measurement, sampling approximately 100 metres ahead of the aircraft with a sensitivity threshold of 8 × 10-12m-1 - sterad-1. The range gated systems on the ground have altitude resolution of 150 or 300 metre, power levels of the order of 100 millijoule (IR and visible) per pulse, and pulse repetition frequencies of 100 and 10 per second. Field measurements have been completed from Ascension Island in the South Atlantic [Oct-Nov 1988 (aircraft only) and Jun/Jul 1989], from Keflavik, Iceland [May 1990 (aircraft only)], and Terceira, Azores [March 1990 (aircraft only) and Aug 1990]. Two specimen results are shown in Figures 1 and 2. Comparisons of LWIR and visible data, of airborne and ground based data, and results of particle probe measurements will be presented.
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Major, Mark David, Heba O. Tannous, Sarah Al-Thani, Mahnoor Hasan, Adiba Khan i Adele Salaheldin. "Macro and micro scale modelling of multi-modal transportation spatial networks in the city-state of Doha, Qatar". W Post-Oil City Planning for Urban Green Deals Virtual Congress. ISOCARP, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/piqu7255.
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Researchers and practitioners have been modeling the street networks of metropolitan and geographical regions using space syntax or configurational analysis since the late 1990s and early 2000s. Some models even extend to a national scale. A few examples include the island of Great Britain, within the national boundaries of England, over half of the Combined Statistical Area of Metropolitan Chicago and the entirety of Chatham County, Georgia and the City of Savannah in the USA, and the Chiang-rai Special Economic Zone in northern Thailand bordering Myanmar and Laos. Researchers at Qatar University constructed a space syntax model of Metropolitan Doha in 2018. It covered a land area of 650 km2 , encompassing over 24,000 streets, and approximately eighty-five percent (~85%) of the total population (~2.8 million) in Qatar. In a short time, this model led to a deeper understanding of spatial structure at the metropolitan and neighborhood level in Doha compared to other cities of the world, especially in the Gulf Cooperation Council region. The paper presents the initial results of expanding this model to the State of Qatar, which provides ideal conditions for this type of large-scale modeling using space syntax. It occupies the Qatari Peninsula on the Arabian Peninsula adjacent to the Arabian/Persian Gulf, offering natural boundaries on three sides. Qatar also shares only a single border with another country to the southwest, which Saudi Arabia closed due to the current diplomatic blockade. The expanded model includes all settlements and outlying regions such as Al Ruwais and Fuwayriţ in the far north, Al Khor and the Industrial City of Ras Laffan in the northeast, and Durkan and Zekreet in the west. Space syntax is serving as the analytical basis for research into the effect of the newly opened rail transportation systems on Doha's urban street network. Researchers are also utilizing space syntax to study micro-scale spatial networks for pedestrians in Souq Waqif, Souq Wakra, and other Doha neighborhoods. The paper gives a brief overview of this research's current state with an emphasis on urban studies.