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1
Haram, Nissreen. "Four scholars on the authoritativeness of Sunnī juridical Qiyās". Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61859.
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Dyck, Veronica H. "Aḥmad Amin, creating an Islamic identity". Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61902.
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Saflo, Mohammad Moslem Adel. "al-Juwayni's thought and methodology with a translation and commentary on Luma' al-Adilla". Thesis, University of Exeter, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390123.
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Abdalla, Mohamad, i n/a. "The Fate of Islamic Science Between the Eleventh and Sixteenth Centuries: A Critical Study of Scholarship from Ibn Khaldun to the Present". Griffith University. School of Science, 2004. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20040618.091027.
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The aim of this thesis is to comprehensively survey and evaluate scholarship, from Ibn Khaldun (1332-1406) to the present, on the fate of Islamic science between the eleventh and sixteenth-centuries, and to outline a more adequate scholarly approach. The thesis also assesses the logic and empirical accuracy of the accepted decline theory, and other alternative views, regarding the fate of Islamic science, and investigates the procedural and social physiological factors that give rise to inadequacies in the scholarship under question. It also attempts to construct an intellectual model for the fate of Islamic science, one that examines the cultural environment, and the interactions among different cultural dynamics at work. Drawing upon Ibn Khaldun's theory and recent substantial evidence from the history of Islamic science, this thesis also entails justifying the claim that, contrary to common assumptions, different fates awaited Islamic science, in different areas, and at different times. For the period of Ibn Khaldun to the present, this thesis presents the first comprehensive review of both classical and contemporary scholarship, exclusively or partially, devoted to the fate of Islamic science for the period under study. Based on this review, the thesis demonstrates that, although the idea that Islamic science declined after the eleventh century has gained a wide currency, and may have been established as the preferred scholarly paradigm, there is no agreement amongst scholars regarding what actually happened. In fact, the lexicon of scholarship that describes the fate of Islamic science includes such terms as: "decline," "decadence," "stagnation," "fragmentation," "standstill," and that Islamic science "froze," to name just a few. More importantly, the study shows that six centuries ago, the Muslim historian Ibn Khaldun provided a more sophisticated and complex theory regarding what happened to Islamic science, which was not utilised except in the work of two scholars. The thesis tests the adequacy of the different claims by applying them to four case studies from the history of Islamic science, and demonstrate that evidence for specified areas shows that different fates awaited Islamic science in different areas and times. In view of the fact that Ibn Khaldun's theory is six centuries old, and that evidence of original scientific activity beyond the eleventh century emerged in the 1950s, what would one expect the state of scholarship to be? One would expect that with the availability of such evidence the usage of "decline" and other single-faceted terms would begin to disappear from the lexicon of scholarship; scholars would show awareness, and criticism, of each other's work; and development of more and more sophisticated concepts would emerge that would explain the fate of Islamic science. The thesis demonstrates that this did not happen. It argues that the key problem is that, after Ibn Khaldun, there was a centuries-long gap, in which even excellent historians used simple, dismissive terms and concepts defined by a limited, but highly persistent, bundle of interpretative views with a dominant theme of decline. These persistent themes within the scholarship by which Islamic science is constructed and represented were deeply embedded in many scholarly works. In addition, many scholars failed to build on the work of others; they ignored major pieces of evidence; and, in most cases, they were not trying to discern what happened to Islamic science but were referring to the subject as part of another project. Thus, in this corpus of scholarship, one that contains the work of some of the 'best' scholars, the myth of the decline remains not only intact but also powerful. Convinced of its merit, scholars passed it on and vouched for it, failing to distinguish facts from decisions based on consensus, emotion, or tradition. There are very few noteworthy cases where Islamic science is being represented in ways that do not imply negativity. There are also some few narratives that present more complex descriptions; however, even Ibn Khaldun's complex theory, which is arguably the most adequate in the scholarship, is non-comprehensive. Some modern scholars, like Saliba and Sabra, present a challenge to the common argument that Islamic science suffered a uniform decline. However, in the absence of any significant challenges to the common claims of the fate of Islamic science, particularly that of decline, it is evident that, at the very least, the scholarship seems to offer support to the work of discourses that construct the fate of Islamic science in single-faceted, simplistic and reductive terms.
5
Abdalla, Mohamad. "The Fate of Islamic Science Between the Eleventh and Sixteenth Centuries: A Critical Study of Scholarship from Ibn Khaldun to the Present". Thesis, Griffith University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367065.
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The aim of this thesis is to comprehensively survey and evaluate scholarship, from Ibn Khaldun (1332-1406) to the present, on the fate of Islamic science between the eleventh and sixteenth-centuries, and to outline a more adequate scholarly approach. The thesis also assesses the logic and empirical accuracy of the accepted decline theory, and other alternative views, regarding the fate of Islamic science, and investigates the procedural and social physiological factors that give rise to inadequacies in the scholarship under question. It also attempts to construct an intellectual model for the fate of Islamic science, one that examines the cultural environment, and the interactions among different cultural dynamics at work. Drawing upon Ibn Khaldun's theory and recent substantial evidence from the history of Islamic science, this thesis also entails justifying the claim that, contrary to common assumptions, different fates awaited Islamic science, in different areas, and at different times. For the period of Ibn Khaldun to the present, this thesis presents the first comprehensive review of both classical and contemporary scholarship, exclusively or partially, devoted to the fate of Islamic science for the period under study. Based on this review, the thesis demonstrates that, although the idea that Islamic science declined after the eleventh century has gained a wide currency, and may have been established as the preferred scholarly paradigm, there is no agreement amongst scholars regarding what actually happened. In fact, the lexicon of scholarship that describes the fate of Islamic science includes such terms as: "decline," "decadence," "stagnation," "fragmentation," "standstill," and that Islamic science "froze," to name just a few. More importantly, the study shows that six centuries ago, the Muslim historian Ibn Khaldun provided a more sophisticated and complex theory regarding what happened to Islamic science, which was not utilised except in the work of two scholars. The thesis tests the adequacy of the different claims by applying them to four case studies from the history of Islamic science, and demonstrate that evidence for specified areas shows that different fates awaited Islamic science in different areas and times. In view of the fact that Ibn Khaldun's theory is six centuries old, and that evidence of original scientific activity beyond the eleventh century emerged in the 1950s, what would one expect the state of scholarship to be? One would expect that with the availability of such evidence the usage of "decline" and other single-faceted terms would begin to disappear from the lexicon of scholarship; scholars would show awareness, and criticism, of each other's work; and development of more and more sophisticated concepts would emerge that would explain the fate of Islamic science. The thesis demonstrates that this did not happen. It argues that the key problem is that, after Ibn Khaldun, there was a centuries-long gap, in which even excellent historians used simple, dismissive terms and concepts defined by a limited, but highly persistent, bundle of interpretative views with a dominant theme of decline. These persistent themes within the scholarship by which Islamic science is constructed and represented were deeply embedded in many scholarly works. In addition, many scholars failed to build on the work of others; they ignored major pieces of evidence; and, in most cases, they were not trying to discern what happened to Islamic science but were referring to the subject as part of another project. Thus, in this corpus of scholarship, one that contains the work of some of the 'best' scholars, the myth of the decline remains not only intact but also powerful. Convinced of its merit, scholars passed it on and vouched for it, failing to distinguish facts from decisions based on consensus, emotion, or tradition. There are very few noteworthy cases where Islamic science is being represented in ways that do not imply negativity. There are also some few narratives that present more complex descriptions; however, even Ibn Khaldun's complex theory, which is arguably the most adequate in the scholarship, is non-comprehensive. Some modern scholars, like Saliba and Sabra, present a challenge to the common argument that Islamic science suffered a uniform decline. However, in the absence of any significant challenges to the common claims of the fate of Islamic science, particularly that of decline, it is evident that, at the very least, the scholarship seems to offer support to the work of discourses that construct the fate of Islamic science in single-faceted, simplistic and reductive terms.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Science
Full Text
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Munt, Thomas H. R. "The sacred history of early Islamic Medina : the prophet, caliphs, scholars and the town's Ḥaram". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e8394f8b-238a-4b23-8bfc-cdf395db0f1a.
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This thesis investigates the emergence of Medina in the Ḥijāz as a widely-venerated holy city over the first three Islamic centuries (seventh to ninth centuries CE) within the appropriate historical context, with special attention paid to the town’s ḥaram. It focuses in particular upon the roles played by the Prophet Muḥammad, Umayyad and Abbasid caliphs, and early Islamic legal scholars in this development. It shows that Medina’s emergence as a widely-venerated holy city alongside Mecca was a gradual and contested process, and one that was intimately linked with several important developments concerning legitimate political, religious, and legal authority in the Islamic world. The most important sources for this study have been Medina’s local histories, and Chapter One investigates the development of a tradition of local history-writing there. The Prophet Muḥammad first created a form of sacred space, a ḥaram, at Medina, and Chapter Two seeks to provide the context for this by investigating some forms of sacred and protected space found in the pre-Islamic Arabian Peninsula. Chapter Three then examines a rare early document preserved in the later Islamic sources, which deals in part with Muḥammad’s creation of Medina’s ḥaram, the so-called “Constitution of Medina”, and investigates why and how Muḥammad created that particular form of sacred space at Medina. The remaining two chapters deal with the history of Muḥammad’s ḥaram at Medina after his death as its original raison d’être disappeared. Chapter Four analyses some aspects of Muslim legal scholars’ discussions concerning Medina’s ḥaram, and demonstrates that certain groups disputed its existence. Chapter Five then seeks to understand why caliphs and other scholars invested so heavily in actively promoting its widespread veneration and Medina’s status as a holy city. It concludes that caliphs from the late first/early eighth century patronised Medina to associate themselves with legitimate political authority inherited from Muḥammad, and that from the late second/eighth century certain legal scholars argued for the continued existence of Medina’s ḥaram because of its association with the Prophet and his Companions who had come to be for them the ultimate source of legal authority.
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Amiruddin, M. Hasbi. "The response of the ʻulamāʾ Dayah to the modernization of Islamic law in Aceh". Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=26246.
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This thesis studies the attitudes of the religious scholars associated with the dayah, the traditional institution of religious learning in Aceh, Indonesia, towards issues of the modernization of Islamic law. In the history of Islamic society in Aceh, these scholars, the 'ulama' dayah, have shown great initiative in guiding their society as it sought solutions to various problems. Their response was not confined merely to religious matters but also extended to the economic, political and social problems.The impact of modern science and technology has led to many changes in economics, agriculture, medicine, and other fields. All these changes have to be evaluated in terms of their status in Islamic law, because Muslims have always sought to lead their lives in accordance with Islamic teachings. The 'ulama' dayah, have contributed to meeting the challenge of resolving such problems. In formulating their decisions, the 'ulama' dayah usually refer to the standard texts of the four classical schools of Islamic law. The reliance on classical texts is justified by their conviction that present-day 'ulama' are unable to exercise ijtihad independently since they lack the qualifications which have been traditionally demanded of a mujtahid.
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Eter, Khodr Mohammed Amine. "The reaction of Reformation scholars in the Islamic-Arab culture to the effects of European thought". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357678.
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Abu, Bakar Ibrahim bin. "Islamic modernism in Malaya as reflected in Hadi's thought". Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=39505.
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This thesis presents Islamic modernism in Malaya as reflected in the life and works of Sayid Syekh al-Hadi (1867-1934). Having first described and evaluated the previous writings mentioned about al-Hadi, it outlines the main characteristics of Islamic modernism, and discusses al-Hadi's life and his thought covering four topics namely: ritualism, education, woman and politics.The study has shown that al-Hadi was a Malayan Muslim modernist. He seriously advocated Islamic modernism to overcome what he had perceived as the causes contributing to Malayan Muslim decadence and backwardness. He believed that Malayan Muslims could advance and progress even though they were under British rule because Islamic teachings are practicable and realistic.
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Scharfe, Patrick. "Muslim Scholars and the Public Sphere in Mehmed Ali Pasha's Egypt, 1801-1841". The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1440432505.
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Hamim, Thoha. "Moenawar Chalil's reformist thought : a study of an Indonesian religious scholar (1908-1961)". Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=40151.
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This thesis studies Moenawar Chalil's reformist thought, as it was patterned after that of earlier reformists. Issues which have been long formed the heritage of religious reform appear therein, ranging from a call to return to the original sources of Islam to condemnation of popular religious practices. In his approach to Qur'an-interpretation, Chalil stripped the texts of legendary traits, rejected the principle of naskh, offered a particular approach to the interpretation of the mutashabihat verses and emphasized the i'jaz 'aqli/. His aim was to revitalize the Qur'an's function as a guide for modern life and to stress its compatibility with present modes of thought. Chalil's call for the emulation of the Prophet's sunnah was designed to reestablish the latter's direct link to rulings of a legal nature. He urged greater scrutiny of the authenticity of hadiths in order to restore the simplicity of faith and to halt inappropriate practices falsely attributed to the Prophet's example. This attitude was the logical outcome of his puritan stance, which was also manifested in the scope of his ijtihad which he restricted only to matters related to the purification of 'aqidah and 'ibadah. Similarly, Chalil's total rejection of the practice of taqlid shows his puritan agenda which went beyond even that of the early reformists. This extreme position, however, led him to misunderstand the true meaning of taqlid and its role both in the procedures of the judicial system and in shaping the faith of the 'awamm. Chalil's concept of ittiba' did not assess the intellectual state of the 'awamm, whose inability to detect the reasons behind the proofs meant that they would inevitably have to remain in a state of taqlid. Similarly, his call for the abandonment of the madhhab only helped to foster a new taqlid in response to this position. Also central to Chalil's reformist thought was his revision of the understanding of the basic tenets of Islam and his correction of the tradition
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Samour, Nahed. "Judge and Jurisconsult - Coercive and Persuasive Authority in Islamic Law". Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/22264.
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Judge and Jurisconsult – Coercive and Persuasive Authority in Islamic Law
(Richter und Rechtsberater- Zwingende und überzeugende Autorität im Islamischen Recht)
Wer spricht das Recht in der islamischen Rechtsprechung? Die islamische Rechtsgeschichte konzentrierte sich lange auf den Einzelrichter (qadi) als Inbegriff der Rechtsprechung. Der Richter handelte jedoch nicht als einzige Verkörperung der Rechtsprechung. Ein Justizpersonal unterstützte seine und arbeitete von einer ihm unterstellten Position aus. Darüber hinaus hat der gelehrte Rechtsberater (mufti) die Rechtsprechung durch übereinstimmende und abweichende Meinungen vor Gericht in vielerlei Hinsicht geprägt. Die Arbeit konzentriert sich auf zwei Autoritäten am Gericht – qadi und mufti – in der frühen Abbasidischen Rechtsgeschichte (2. und 3. Jahrhundert nach der islamischen Zeitrechnung bzw. 8. und 9. Jahrhundert der gregorianischen Zeit), die miteinander kooperiert oder auch konkurriert haben. Die Grundlage ihrer Beziehung ist das islamische Prinzip der gerichtlichen Beratung von Experten in Rechtsfragen. Die islamische Rechtslehre ermutigt einen Richter, der mit Rechtsunsicherheiten konfrontiert war, einen gelehrten Rechtsberater (mufti) zu konsultieren, bevor er eine gerichtliche Entscheidung trifft. Die islamische Rechtsprechung entstand somit aus einem Verhältnis von Kooperation, Konfrontation und Kooptation zwischen Richtern und (außer-gerichtlichen) gelehrten Rechtsberatern.Judge and Jurisconsult – Coercive and Persuasive Authority in Islamic Law Who dispenses justice at court? Islamic legal historians have long focused on the single judge (qadi) as the embodiment of the administration of justice. The judge, however, did not act alone in dispensing justice. A judicial staff supported his work, working from a position subordinate to him. In addition, evading a clearly demarcated judicial hierarchy, the learned jurisconsult (mufti) shaped adjudication in many distinct ways through concurring and dissenting opinions at court. This contribution focuses on two authorities—the qadi and the mufti—who cooperated or competed with each other at court in early Abbasid legal history (2nd-3rd century A. H. / 8th-9th century C.E.). Fundamental to their relationship is the Islamic principle of judicial consultation of experts on legal questions. Islamic legal doctrine encouraged a judge confronted with legal uncertainties to consult a mufti before issuing a judicial decision. Islamic adjudication thus emerged out of cooperation, confrontation and cooptation between judge and (extra-judicial) legal experts.
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Sencal, Harun. "Essays on the Shari'ah governance system in Islamic banks : disclosure performance of Shari'ah boards and historical evolution of the roles of Shari'ah scholars". Thesis, Durham University, 2017. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/12670/.
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During the last decades, we witness the convergence of Islamic banking sector towards conventional banking sector, which was more evident after the 1990s with the entrance of Islamic Banks (IBs) into competition with conventional banks in the global market. Because of such convergence, initial aspirations of Islamic banking sector during the emergence period in the 1960s as part of Islamic Moral Economy (IME) have mostly failed resulting in high utilisation of debt-financing instruments accompanied with lack of consideration for social consequences of everyday practices of IBs. Although it is expected that supervisory role of Shari’ah Boards (SBs) should prevent or at least moderate the observed convergence beyond merely relying on the legal-rational interpretation of Islamic law or Shari’ah; they are rather considered as facilitators of the divergence of IBs from IME norms. In order to investigate the role and status of Shari’ah scholars in IBs and the reasons behind the lack of ability of Shari’ah scholars to prevent the observed social failures of IBs, it is important to identify three main problems; (i) examination of supervisory role of SBs through Shari’ah Annual Reports (SARs) within IME framework; (ii) investigation of the process of divergence of IBs from initial aspirations of IME within postcolonial framework; and (iii) exploration of paradigm shifts in ifta (issuing legal opinion) institution’s reason d’etre with the objective of tracing the roots of modern SB as an ifta institution to explore the main reasons behind the inability of Shari’ah scholars in SBs to prevent the divergence from the IME objectives. This research, therefore, aims at constructing and constituting an Islamic Corporate Governance (ICG) system and its constituents through the foundational principles of Islamic ontology by framing it on the Islamic Political Economy (IPE) structure and IME substance. In addition, research aims to empirically examine SBs disclosure performance through their most effective communication channel with stakeholders, namely SARs to determine the performance of Shari’ah scholar in Shari’ah compliancy related communication. Furthermore, this study aims at examining the theoretical aspects of SBs to identify the process that makes this division as a source of legitimacy in terms of Shari’ah compliancy through analysis of the evolution of ifta institution in history and its transformation into SB division. Referring to the ontological and epistemological sources of Islam, a theoretical ICG system is developed in this study in Essay 1. Based on this theoretical foundation and available standards on SBs, Essay 2 presents an empirical analysis on the extent of disclosure in SARs as well as the factors affecting the level of disclosure in these reports with a sample size of 305 SAR from 41 IBs of 15 countries for the period of 2007-2014 through statistical and econometrics methods. The results of disclosure analysis indicate that SARs do not contain adequate details to convince stakeholders in Shari’ah compliancy of IBs. However, Shari’ah scholars’ explicit approval of Shari’ah compliancy of the institution in SARs without disclosing details of their analysis seems a sufficient condition for the stakeholders considering the high growth rate of the Islamic banking sector during last decades. This study further examines the SB as modern ifta institution in its historical trajectory to explore how such trust has been gained and whether similar conditions are valid for Shari’ah scholars employed in modern Islamic banking sector today. However, before investigating historical trajectory of ifta institution, this study analyses the relationship between IBs and conventional banks which especially became a matter of concern as with the entrance of IBs to the global financial market, they have to compete with conventional banking sector in terms of performance, efficiency, minimisation of cost and increased shareholder value. The aim of Essay 3 is to analyse the sources of observed convergence in IBs towards conventional banks through the phases that IBs have evolved, for which the development of modern Islamic banking sector is analysed in three stages and explored separately: (i) Establishment of first Islamic bank as a hybrid institution until the entrance of Islamic banking sector into competition at global scale; (ii) Convergence of Islamic banking institutions to conventional banking due to competition at the global scale; (iii) Co-optation and adoption of Islamic banking structure and instruments by conventional banks. As the current trajectory in Islamic banking sector demonstrates, IBs and conventional banks with Islamic windows follow a pragmatist approach to achieve growth and lacks the adherence to the initial goals of Islamic economics movement, which aimed at establishing an alternative sector based on Islamic ontological and epistemological sources. Considering the convergence of IBs towards their conventional counterparts during the last decades and insufficient disclosure in SARs by SB members, we claim that the source of an ‘Islamic’ identity in IBs is not due the practical success of SBs alone, but also the role and status of Shari’ah scholars (and indirectly SBs) in the sight of stakeholders. This requires the investigation of SB division from a theoretical perspective to understand its emergence and evolvement, for which the ifta institution and its evaluation is examined through its historical trajectory. Essay 4, therefore, critically explores and explains the evolution of ifta institution and the role and status of Shari’ah scholars in pre-modern period so that their ‘legitimacy source role’ in IBs can critically be explored and understood. Essay 5, by building on the fourth essay, aims at critically exploring the transformation of ifta institution and the role and status of Shari’ah scholars in the modern period through the conceptual framework of institutional logics. Our research revealed that there are three important transformations between pre-modern and modern period in terms of the role and status of Shari’ah scholars. These are embeddedness of Shari’ah scholars into the financial sector in modern period rather than the society as in the pre-modern period; transformation of the source of legitimacy of Shari’ah scholars from society to ‘being assigned to a SB by the management of IB’; and lastly, complexity of products and services in the modern period compared to the pre-modern period. In order to overcome the social failure of Islamic finance sector and prevent the convergence towards conventional sector as a result of these transformations, this study offers a civil society based control mechanism that goes beyond ‘halal’ and Shari’ah compliant product and services, and investigate the products and services with IME based dimensions through a fuzzy logic approach. In the conclusion, we discuss the reasons behind the lack of ability of Shari’ah scholars in preventing the social failures of IBs during the last decades based on five essays.
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Khoshroo, Sajjad. "Islamic finance : the convergence of faith, capital, and power". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2018. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:0ab321e8-0d54-40d6-a1ef-3a37a0a5ffe6.
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This dissertation assesses how Islamic finance fares as an example of 'civil compromise' in Islamic law. By focusing on the Islamic project finance sector, my research examines how the industry's main stakeholders (representing faith, capital, and power) cooperate and compete to bring about this compromise through the 'Game of Islamic Bank Bargains'. The Islamic finance industry is a work in progress, and while it has made some significant strides, it is still a niche in the global conventional financial order rather than an alternative to it. It has fallen short of fulfilling its originally-stated social justice aspirations, but has provided a previously unavailable form of banking and finance for Muslims to transact, at least formalistically, in accordance with widely-believed tenets of their faith. Thus, those who hold up Islamic finance as a universal panacea or dismiss it outright as a fraud have both got it wrong. It is neither. It is, rather, a complex myriad of incentives and aspirations of a multitude of stakeholders muddled together across numerous geographies and evolving incrementally and constantly. The state of the industry is the result of how the stakeholders (the shariah scholars, lawyers, bankers, government officials, and customers) have pursued their self-interest in the Game of Islamic Bank Bargains. My research examines who are the 'winners' and 'losers' of this game, and what religious, commercial, and political factors have influenced this outcome. I assess what may incentivise the incumbent 'winners' to guide the Islamic finance industry away from a formal and legalistic approach towards one that also incorporates principles from Islamic economics. I explore how the 'losers' - whose interests are not accounted for due to their lack of sufficient financial and political clout - can sway the outcome of the game in their favour.
15
Ahola, Judith. "The community of scholars : an analysis of the biographical data from the Taʻrīkh Baghdād". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/7093.
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The biographical details of the 7828 individuals listed in the biographical dictionary known as the Ta'rikh Baghdad were entered in a database and used to create a profile of the hadith community of Baghdad. The thesis explains how the database was constructed and shows how the data can be used. Evidence derived from the many references to colleagues and relatives in the biographies made it possible to date most of the undated biographies, and to construct a chronological framework within which information on the origins, occupations, tribes and other personal attributes of the Khatib's subjects could be analysed. Changes in the frequency of these attributes over time were related to conversion rates, immigration, and the popular appeal of hadith study. The thesis also demonstrates the usefulness of the fortuitously dated topographical references found in the biographies. These were used with maps to show changes in residence patterns over the 320 years covered by the Ta'rikh Baghdad.
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Al-Harbi, Ibrahim Sulaiman. "Democracy in Islamic and international law : a case study of Saudi Arabia". Thesis, Brunel University, 2010. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/4522.
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Following the rise of Islamic fundamentalism, Muslim nations have been placed in the spotlight of international debate; the prevailing understanding is that democracy and Islam are fundamentally incompatible. This verdict is particularly damning in light of the trend in International Law which, since the collapse of communism in Eastern Europe, has equated democracy with human rights. Yet, a thorough analysis of the debate, taking into account the historical and theoretical bases of liberal democracy — the cultural, legal, and political development of Islam, and the extent to which the politics of Islamic countries represents the politics of Islam — reveals that democracy and Islam are, in fact, fundamentally compatible. In practice, Islamic Law can be applied alongside developments in democratic representations and human rights, whilst popular perceptions of Islam as inhibiting development in human rights are often unfounded, as can be demonstrated by examining the case of Saudi Arabia.
17
Eftekhari, Banafsheh. "Edition and Translation of the Arabic Manuscript Collection Belonged to Fakhr al-din al-Razi on Kalam Atomism". Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE3012/document.
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Fakhr al-Din al-Razi is a significant philosopher who is famous for his critics on Avicenna. He also made effective dialogues between two rival doctrines (namely Kalam and Peripateticism) in the Islamic world in Middle Ages. He defended Kalam Atomism in last decades of his life. This thesis is working on his two treatises as manuscripts and translating it into English. One of the treatises is about proving atom and another one is rejecting Hylomorphism. These two treatises are attached together as a manuscript book titled as Proving AtomismAu Moyen Âge, dans le monde islamique, il y avait deux groupes d'érudits qui avaient deux indications différentes sur l'existence. Le premier groupe était des philosophes, ḥukamā, qui ont approuvé falsafah ou ḥikmah. Cette doctrine avait des bases aristotéliciennes. Un autre groupe était des théologiens, mutikalimūn qui était pour la plupart atomistes. Les théologiens constituaient le kalām qui se traduisait parfois par théologie islamique.Fakhr-e-Razi ou Fakhr al-Din al-Razi était un philosophe et théologien important au 12ème siècle qui a fait des dialogues et des débats entre ces deux doctrines. Il a écrit des critiques sur les livres d'Avicenne et a défendu la doctrine de l'atomisme de Kalam. Bien qu'il ait défendu l'atomisme de Kalam dans beaucoup de livres, il a écrit un traité indépendant sur ce sujet. Cette thèse est l'édition et la traduction d'un livre manuscrit qui comprend deux traités indépendants, dont l'un, prouve atomisme et un autre réfute Hylémorphisme.Cette thèse inclut des commentaires sur l'atomisme et l'hylémorphisme (l'introduction du livre). L'atomisme comme vue générale et l'atomisme de Kalam en particulier sont étudiés. L'histoire de l'atomisme est brièvement passée en revue en tant que racines de l'atomisme de Kalam. Puis la vue de Razi sur l'atomisme est étudiée selon ce livre présent et ses autres livres. Le contraste entre la vision de Razi et la doctrine d'Avicenne comme son rival sont également analysés
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Panjwani, Imranali. "Exploring the role of the self in the Islamic-Western human rights discourse : a comparative examination of foundational texts of key scholars from the Shī‘ī-Muslim and Western philosophical tradition - ‘Alī b. Abī Ṭālib, Zayn al-‘Ābidīn, Søren Kierkegaard and Immanuel Kant". Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2013. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/exploring-the-role-of-the-self-in-the-islamicwestern-human-rights-discourse(0f888080-3f1c-4430-b577-07087c08f623).html.
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The goal of my thesis is to explore the role of the self in the current Islamic-Western discourse on human rights. This discourse is about whether the Islamic and Western worldviews on human rights are compatible with each other. It is my contention that the dominant voices in this discourse that aim to reform Islamic human rights or find ways for it to engage with Western human rights are primarily legal. I aim to shift the discourse and consider the way in which the concept of the self can play a role in informing this discourse but more importantly, offer a potential framework by which human rights are understood and implemented. Here, the self becomes a unifying concept for both worldviews and offers a different line of enquiry for the discourse. I aim to do this by basing my thesis on keys works of four scholars from the Shī‘ī-Muslim and Western philosophical tradition. These are Nahj al-Balāgha (Peak of Eloquence), which contains the sermons, letters and sayings of the first Shī‘ī Imām and cousin and son-in-law of Prophet Muḥammad, ‘Alī b. Abī Ṭālib; Risālat al-Ḥuqūq (Treatise of Rights) by Zayn al-‘Ābidīn, the fourth Shī‘ī Imām and great grandson of Prophet Muḥammad; Eighteen Upbuilding Discourses by the Danish philosopher, Søren Kierkegaard and finally, The Metaphysics of Morals by the German philosopher, Immanuel Kant. By engaging in a comparative analysis of these texts, I aim to construct a role for the self that is appropriate for the human rights discourse and introduce a framework to access it. I argue that human beings from whatever religious background they originate need a way to understand their identity, personhood and the rights they claim for. This is particularly important today where human rights are not merely legal and political entities but show the endless empowerment of human beings to demand whichever right they wish for. This is dangerous as there is a lack of enforcement machinery on curtailing this empowerment which can lead to pursuing base desires through rights as well as causing harm to others. Thus, this thesis aims to carve out a practical framework for the self that can be sieved through human rights in order to help solve human rights conflicts, break the oppositional discourse between ‘Islām’ and the ‘West’ as well as bring the intellectual traditions of Shī‘ī-Muslim and Western philosophy closer together.
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Kullolli, Arben. "Proselytization in Albania by Middle Eastern Islamic organizations". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2009/Mar/09Mar%5FKullolli.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Middle East, South Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa))--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2009.Thesis Advisor(s): Kadhim, Abbas ; Shore, Zachary. "March 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on April 24, 2009. Author(s) subject terms: Revival of Islam in Albania, Islamic Extremists, Religious Tolerance, Democratic Reforms Includes bibliographical references (p. 57-60). Also available in print.
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Lawanda, Ike Iswary. "The role of LIS professionals in Indonesian book publishing: Its dynamics and growth in the case of Islamic translation books since 1998". School of Communication & Information, Nanyang Technological University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/106413.
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This writing is to indicate the role of Library and Information System (LIS) professional is the media-tor in fulfilling and facilitating effectively the need of every mature individual in Indonesia to get the information needed in the relation of the building of Islamic knowledge. The focus is in information power in Islamic book put the idea of LIS professionals to facilitate the users to have their values be allowed to prevail in through publishing. The LIS professional shouldnâ t step aside from society; ac-cede to the request; then it means they contribute to the state of society. Information literacy should mean skilled behaviour in respect of understanding as a result of successful interaction with a source of information: the instrumental and the cognitive, implied in the publishing of Islamic translation book in Indonesia.
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Reddan, Peter S. "Biting the hand that feeds you abuse of Islamic charities by terrorist organizations". Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2009/Dec/09Dec%5FReddan.pdf.
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Thesis (Master of Arts in Homeland Security )--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2009.Thesis Advisor: Looney, Robert E. Second Reader: Trinkunas, Harold A. "December 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on January 29, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: Terrorism, Charities, Tribalism, Financial Action Task Force, Federal Bureau of Investigation, Hamas, Al-Qaida, Wahhabism. Includes bibliographical references (p. 65-68). Also available in print.
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Utley, Adam Nelson. "The Myth of Religious Pluralism: Definitions, Presuppositions, and Implications in the Work of Three Contemporary Scholars". Miami University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=muhonors1114097925.
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Hajji, Khalifa. "The origins and strategic objectives of the Al Qaeda organization in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM)". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2009/Dec/09Dec%5FHajji.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Defense Analysis)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2009.Thesis Advisor(s): Hafez, Mohammed M. Second Reader: Lee, Doowan. "December 2009." Author(s) subject terms: Algerian radical group evolution from the FIS to the GIA, the GSPC then to the AQIM; AQIM origin and strategy; Links between AQIM and North African radical groups; GICM: The Moroccan Islamic Combat Group; LIFG: the Libyan Islamic Fighting Group; MTI: The Islamic Tendency Movement; Terrorism is North Africa. Description based on title screen as viewed on Jan. 26, 2010. Includes bibliographical references (p. 81-84). Also available in print.
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Blavicki, Slaven. "Islamist terrorist networks in Bosnia and Herzegovina". Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2009/Sep/09Sep%5FBlavicki.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Stabilization and Reconstruction))--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2009.Thesis Advisor(s): M. Hafez, Mohammed ; Shore, Zachary. "September 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on November 05, 2009. Author(s) subject terms: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Islamist terrorism, Islamic radicals, Wahhabism, Alija Izetbegovic, Bosniaks, Active Islamic Youth. Includes bibliographical references (p. 79-86). Also available in print.
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Richardson, David Lee. "Highlighting effects of current globalization tenets, namely democracy, capitalism, and cultural transformation, on the Arab Islamic Middle East". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2009/Jun/09Jun%5FRichardson.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Security Studies (Middle East, South Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa))--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2009.Thesis Advisor(s): Looney, Robert ; Kadhim, Abbas. "June 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on 13 July 2009. Author(s) subject terms: Middle East, globalization, democracy, capitalism, cultural, Islam, Arabs, Muslims, terrorism. Includes bibliographical references (p. 117-119). Also available in print.
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Kagioglidis, Ioannis. "Religious education and the prevention of Islamic radicalization Albania, Britain, France and the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia". Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2009/Sep/09Sep%5FKagioglidis%5FNSA.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2009.Thesis Advisor(s): Yost, David S. "September 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on 6 November 2009. Author(s) subject terms: Albania, Britain, France, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Islamic radicalization, religious education, terrorism. Includes bibliographical references (p. 83-89). Also available in print.
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Daly, Marwa El. "Challenges and potentials of channeling local philanthropy towards development and aocial justice and the role of waqf (Islamic and Arab-civic endowments) in building community foundations". Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philosophische Fakultät III, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16511.
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Diese Arbeit bietet eine solide theoretische Grundlage zu Philanthropie und religiös motivierten Spendenaktivitäten und deren Einfluss auf Wohltätigkeitstrends, Entwicklungszusammenarbeit und einer auf dem Gedanken der sozialen Gerechtigkeit beruhenden Philanthropie. Untersucht werden dafür die Strukturen religiös motivierte Spenden, für die in der islamischen Tradition die Begriffe „zakat“, „Waqf“ oder im Plural auch „awqaf-“ oder „Sadaqa“ verwendet werden, der christliche Begriff dafür lautet „tithes“ oder „ushour“. Aufbauend auf diesem theoretischen Rahmenwerk analysiert die qualitative und quantitative Feldstudie auf nationaler Ebene, wie die ägyptische Öffentlichkeit Philanthropie, soziale Gerechtigkeit, Menschenrechte, Spenden, Freiwilligenarbeit und andere Konzepte des zivilgesellschaftlichen Engagements wahrnimmt. Um eine umfassende und repräsentative Datengrundlage zu erhalten, wurden 2000 Haushalte, 200 zivilgesellschaftliche Organisationen erfasst, sowie Spender, Empfänger, religiöse Wohltäter und andere Akteure interviewt. Die so gewonnen Erkenntnisse lassen aussagekräftige Aufschlüsse über philanthropische Trends zu. Erstmals wird so auch eine finanzielle Einschätzung und Bewertung der Aktivitäten im lokalen Wohltätigkeitsbereich möglich, die sich auf mehr als eine Billion US-Dollar beziffern lassen. Die Erhebung weist nach, dass gemessen an den Pro-Kopf-Aufwendungen die privaten Spendenaktivitäten weitaus wichtiger sind als auswärtige wirtschaftliche Hilfe für Ägypten. Das wiederum lässt Rückschlüsse zu, welche Bedeutung lokale Wohltätigkeit erlangen kann, wenn sie richtig gesteuert wird und nicht wie bislang oft im Teufelskreis von ad-hoc-Spenden oder Hilfen von Privatperson an Privatperson gefangen ist. Die Studie stellt außerdem eine Verbindung her zwischen lokalen Wohltätigkeits-Mechanismen, die meist auf religiösen und kulturellen Werten beruhen, und modernen Strukturen, wie etwa Gemeinde-Stiftungen oder Gemeinde-„waqf“, innerhalb derer die Spenden eine nachhaltige Veränderung bewirken können. Daher bietet diese Arbeit also eine umfassende wissenschaftliche Grundlage, die nicht nur ein besseres Verständnis, sondern auch den nachhaltiger Aus- und Aufbau lokaler Wohltätigkeitsstrukturen in Ägypten ermöglicht. Zentral ist dabei vor allem die Rolle lokaler, individueller Spenden, die beispielsweise für Stiftungen auf der Gemeindeebene eingesetzt, wesentlich zu einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung beitragen könnten – und das nicht nur in Ägypten, sondern in der gesamten arabischen Region. Als konkretes Ergebnis dieser Arbeit, wurde ein innovatives Modell entwickelt, dass neben den wissenschaftlichen Daten das Konzept der „waqf“ berücksichtigt. Der Wissenschaftlerin und einem engagierten Vorstand ist es auf dieser Grundlage gelungen, die Waqfeyat al Maadi Community Foundation (WMCF) zu gründen, die nicht nur ein Modell für eine Bürgerstiftung ist, sondern auch das tradierte Konzept der „waqf“ als praktikable und verbürgte Wohlstätigkeitsstruktur sinnvoll weiterentwickelt.This work provides a solid theoretical base on philanthropy, religious giving (Islamic zakat, ‘ushour, Waqf -plural: awqaf-, Sadaqa and Christian tithes or ‘ushour), and their implications on giving trends, development work, social justice philanthropy. The field study (quantitative and qualitative) that supports the theoretical framework reflects at a national level the Egyptian public’s perceptions on philanthropy, social justice, human rights, giving and volunteering and other concepts that determine the peoples’ civic engagement. The statistics cover 2000 households, 200 Civil Society Organizations distributed all over Egypt and interviews donors, recipients, religious people and other stakeholders. The numbers reflect philanthropic trends and for the first time provide a monetary estimate of local philanthropy of over USD 1 Billion annually. The survey proves that the per capita share of philanthropy outweighs the per capita share of foreign economic assistance to Egypt, which implies the significance of local giving if properly channeled, and not as it is actually consumed in the vicious circle of ad-hoc, person to person charity. In addition, the study relates local giving mechanisms derived from religion and culture to modern actual structures, like community foundations or community waqf that could bring about sustainable change in the communities. In sum, the work provides a comprehensive scientific base to help understand- and build on local philanthropy in Egypt. It explores the role that local individual giving could play in achieving sustainable development and building a new wave of community foundations not only in Egypt but in the Arab region at large. As a tangible result of this thesis, an innovative model that revives the concept of waqf and builds on the study’s results was created by the researcher and a dedicated board of trustees who succeeded in establishing Waqfeyat al Maadi Community Foundation (WMCF) that not only introduces the community foundation model to Egypt, but revives and modernizes the waqf as a practical authentic philanthropic structure.
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Johnston, Amanda K. "Assessing the effectiveness of deradicalization programs for Islamist extremists". Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2009/Dec/09Dec%5FJohnston.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Middle East, South Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa))--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2009.Thesis Advisor(s): Hafez, Mohammad ; Russell, James. "December 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on January 27, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: Deradicalization, Indonesia, Rehabilitation, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Yemen. Includes bibliographical references (p. 65-68). Also available in print.
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Shelley, Michael Thomas. "The life and thought of W.H.T. Gairdner, 1873-1928 : a critical evaluation of a scholar-missionary to Islam". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.403455.
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Mansour, Noura Reda. "A influência do ensino escolar e da cultura árabe-islâmica no aprendizado em saúde dos alunos de três escolas da Tríplice Fronteira". Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, 2017. http://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/3135.
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The triple frontier region is constituted by the alliance of three cities from different countries, being them, Foz do Iguaçu, located in West of Paraná-Brasil; Ciudad Del Este, located in Alto Del Paraná- Paraguai and Puerto Iguazu, located in Argentina. In the city of Foz do Iguaçu – PR are located two schools of arab origin and muslim religion which live in a society of different habits. This brought some questions about knowledge of themes in health that students acquire at school or influenced by their culture. The Objective of this research was the influence of scholar teach and the culture arab-muslim into the learning of healthcare from students from three schools of the triple frontier. It is a research with two topics being one of them the documental analysis and the other of descriptive quantitative character that were executed in three schools of arab-muslim teach, being, two schools situated in the city of Foz do Iguaçu and one school in Ciudad Del Este. The documental analysis was constituted by the survey of materials like: Political Pedagogic Project of schools; Teaching plans for teachers; Laws of Guideline and bases of education; National Curricular Parameters; Law 1264 of Education; Paraguai Report and the Educational Programs of MEC from Paraguai. Later on was applied an structured closed questionary between 37 students of third year of High School. For the data analysis was applied a descriptic statistics using the SPPS software. In relation to the educational guidelines, it was realized that the National Curricular parameters controverse themes in health and suggest points that guide the teacher to organize these contents of Teaching Plan. On the other educational programs of Paraguai they contemplate their contents themes in health that must be taught necessarily by the teacher. On this study it was realized that there was influence of social life and religious discipline in points refered to health, in which, scholars through their answers demonstrate have acquired knowledge of themes, like healthy eating and personal hygiene. The best scores were observed in discipline science/biology in themes of drug prevention, contraceptive methods, veneral disease and immunological system. Comparing the three schools, the students of school B had the least scores according with the acquired knowledge of disciplines. It was also realized how the muslim practice healthy habits daily influenced by religion, as it occurs, for example, in practice of hygiene to accomplish prayer and lecture of Qur’an, interviewed students they did not know the practice of ablution like a form of preventing diseases since this practice was routine. It was observed low scores attributed by students in the context of social life themes reffered to preventing diseases like tetanus, tuberculosis, leprosy and dengue, this demonstrate that there must be a better attention to this community for the awareness of educational programs by the health team.
A região da Tríplice Fronteira é constituída pela aliança por três cidades de países diferentes, sendo elas, Foz do Iguaçu, situada no Oeste do Paraná-Brasil; Ciudad Del Este, situada em Alto Del Paraná- Paraguai e Puerto Iguazu, situada na Argentina. Na cidade de Foz do Iguaçu - PR estão localizadas duas escolas de ensino árabe e uma em Ciudad Del Este. Nessas instituições estudam os alunos de origem árabe e de religião muçulmana que convivem numa sociedade de diferentes hábitos. Isto levantou o questionamento referente aos conhecimentos sobre os temas em saúde que são adquiridos pelos alunos na escola ou pela influenciados da cultura. O Objetivo desta pesquisa foi à influência do ensino escolar e da cultura árabe - islâmica no aprendizado em saúde dos alunos de três escolas da Tríplice Fronteira. Trata-se de uma pesquisa com duas abordagens sendo uma de análise documental e a outra de caráter quantitativa descritiva que foram executadas em três escolas de ensino árabe-islâmico, sendo, duas escolas situadas na cidade de Foz do Iguaçu e uma escola em Ciudad Del Este. A análise documental foi constituída pelo levantamento de materiais como: Projeto Político Pedagógico das escolas; Planos de Ensino dos docentes; Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação; Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais; Lei 1264 da Educação; Informe Paraguai e os Programas de Educação do MEC do Paraguai. Posteriormente foi aplicado um questionário estruturado fechado entre 37 alunos do terceiro ano do Ensino Médio. Para a análise de dados foi aplicada a estatística descritiva utilizando-se o software SPPS. Em relação às diretrizes educacionais, percebeu-se que os Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais versam temas em saúde e sugerem pontos que orientam o professor para organizar os conteúdos do Plano de Ensino. Já os programas educacionais do Paraguai contemplam em seus conteúdos as temáticas em saúde que devem ser ministradas obrigatoriamente pelo professor. Neste estudo percebeuse que houve influência da vida social e da disciplina Religião em pontos referentes a saúde, no qual, os escolares através de suas respostas demonstraram ter adquirido conhecimento de temas, como na alimentação saudável e higiene pessoal. Os maiores escores foram observados na disciplina Ciências/Biologia nas temáticas de prevenção de doenças, métodos contraceptivos, DSTs e sistema imunológico. Comparando as três escolas, os alunos da escola B tiveram os menores escores de acordo com o conhecimento adquirido nas disciplinas. Observou-se também como os muçulmanos praticam hábitos de saúde em seu cotidiano por influência da religião, como ocorre, por exemplo, nas práticas de higiene para a realização da oração e da leitura do Alcorão, os alunos entrevistados desconheciam a prática da ablução como forma de prevenção de doenças já que essa prática é rotineira. Foram observados escores baixos atribuídos pelos alunos no contexto da vida social em temas referentes à prevenção de doenças como tétano, tuberculose, hanseníase e dengue, isso demonstra que deve haver uma maior atenção a esta comunidade através de conscientização de programas educativos pela equipe da saúde. Palavras -
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Mayer, Tamara M. "Islam in America why U.S. Muslims are less likely to radicalize than their European counterparts". Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2009/Dec/09Dec%5FMayer.pdf.
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Thesis (M. A. in Security Studies (Homeland Security and Defense))--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2009.Thesis Advisor(s): Kadhim, Abbas ; Shore, Zachary. "December 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on January 27, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: Islam, Muslim, radicalization, Germany, France, United Kingdom, terrorist, home-grown, immigration, integration. Includes bibliographical references (p. 83-85). Also available in print.
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Martin, Gianstefano C. "The Dhimmi narrative a comparison between the historical and the actual in the context of Christian-Muslim relations in Egypt today". Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2009/Dec/09Dec%5FMartin.pdf.
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Thesis (M. A. in Security Studies (Middle East, South Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa))--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2009.Thesis Advisor(s): Hafez, Mohammed; Kadhim, Abbas. "December 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on January 27, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: Dhimmi, ahl al dhimma, Copts, Egypt, religious minorities, Islam, millet, Pact of Umar. Includes bibliographical references (p. 107-112). Also available in print.
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Singh, Dushyant. "Al Qaeda as a charismatic phenomenon". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2009/Jun/09Jun%5FSingh.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Defense Analysis)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2009.Thesis Advisor(s): Roberts, Nancy. "June 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on 13 July 2009. Author(s) subject terms: Al Qaeda, Osama bin Laden, charisma, charismatic, radicalism, terrorism, insurgencies, radical social movements, cohesion, power structure, flux, control, communion, stability, Islam, Islamic. Includes bibliographical references (p. 139-145). Also available in print.
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Tansey, Colin M. "Anti-radicalization efforts within the European Union : Spain and Denmark". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2009/Mar/09Mar%5FTansey.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Europe and Eurasia))--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2009.Thesis Advisor(s): Yost, David S. ; Shore, Zachary. "March 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on April 24, 2009. Author(s) subject terms: anti-radicalization, assimilation, Denmark, European Union, integration, Islam, multiculturalism, Muslims, Spain, terrorism, tolerance. Includes bibliographical references (p. 71-77). Also available in print.
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Hammerstein, Ralf P. "Deliberalization in Jordan the roles of Islamists and U.S.-EU assistance in stalled democratization". Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2010. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2010/Jun/10Jun%5FHammerstein.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Middle East, South Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa))--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2010.Thesis Advisor(s): Springborg, Robert ; Hafez, Mohammed. "June 2010." Description based on title screen as viewed on July 13, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: Islamism in Jordan, Muslim Brotherhood in Jordan, political opportunities, strategic choice, ideological and organizational responsiveness, political inclusion, moderation of radical agendas, special relationship between the Jordanian regime and the Muslim Brotherhood, United States and European Union assistance to Jordan. Includes bibliographical references (p. 125-138). Also available in print.
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Shah, Sabina. "The portrayal of the historical Muslim female on screen". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2017. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-portrayal-of-the-historical-muslim-female-on-screen(d6251b5e-5cff-44fb-abf0-48cb964b70ad).html.
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Representations of the Muslim female are value-laden synonymous with the act of veiling. Veiling has fuelled political, social and academic debates and this study contributes to the ongoing conversation alongside identity formation by examining the image of the Muslim female on-screen with due attention given to animation. The image of the Muslim female is drawn in all manner of directions from that of the belly-dancing beauty to the 'bundle in black', the latter often associated with terrorism, particularly post-9/11 and the consequent 'War on Terror'. There is another direction that proffers an idealised image of the good daughter and dutiful wife against that of the fallen woman. Such constructs I argue tend to rid the Muslim female of her agency. This thesis examines how and why various representations of the Muslim female have emerged and changed, whilst some aspects have remained stagnant over time, thus positioning on-screen representations within their historical context. This project goes beyond traditional academic methods of critical analysis in reading film. The hybridised role of the researcher-animator enables the study to offer a critique from that of the spectator, but with the added vantage point of the practitioner with a set focus on the making of meaning. The interdisciplinary approach incorporates film theory, specifically concerned with representations of race and gender. The work of Muslim women scholar-activists informs and inspires the practice in reclaiming the status of the Muslim woman. Their approach lies within three trajectories being gender-sensitive interpretations of the Qur'an, a recovery of Muslim women's history and a critique on representation. Their approaches fall in line with the aim of this project to reclaim the historical Muslim figure on screen, whereas animation provides an attractive yet versatile mode of production to carry out such a task. Key questions guiding this study are: why are current and existing portrayals of the historical Muslim female problematic? Why do these portrayals need to be addressed? Why does an alternative approach to the portrayal of the historical Muslim female need to be devised and put into practice? Finding the answers to these questions lie in the undertaking of the practice. The practice consists of the first two episodes of a five-part series titled 'Sultan Razia', and as the title suggests the animation is based upon a legendary historical Muslim female figure, who ruled the Sultanate of Delhi between 634-638 Hejira/1236-1240CE. This project is an example of how theory works in practice and vice-versa to determine an audio-visual practice that re-inserts the Muslim female into a history that breaks away from established cliches.
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Hoorelbeke, Mathias. "Se faire poète : le champ poétique dans les premières années du califat abbasside d’après le Livre des chansons". Thesis, Paris, INALCO, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013INAL0020.
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Ce travail porte sur le champ poétique dans les premières décennies de l’époque abbasside, en se concentrant non pas sur les trajectoires individuelles des poètes, mais sur les contraintes et les logiques collectives auxquelles ils sont soumis. Il s’appuie sur l’analyse de près de 70 notices du Livre des chansons d’al-Iṣbahānī (m. ca. 360/970). La première partie porte sur la contrainte la plus évidente et la plus étudiée : le rapport du poète au prince. Elle postule que la force du verbe poétique dérive d’un lien plus vaste, celui du walā’, qui implique des devoirs réciproques, inscrits dans le temps. La parole poétique n’est dès lors qu’une modalité particulière de la négociation de la distance entre le patron et son protégé. Cette négociation permanente influe sur les déplacements et les modes d’expression du poète.La seconde partie examine comment les poètes se positionnent face à la multitude d’acteurs qui prétendent dire ce que la poésie doit être. Elle analyse comment les rapports des poètes avec leurs pairs ou avec les savants sont déterminés par l’histoire cumulée du champ. L’accent est ensuite mis sur les modalités de ces multiples positionnements : comportements précodés, mise en scène et en texte de l’être social et charnel du poète, autant de coups dont le Livre des chansons est non seulement le témoin mais aussi le théâtreThis study deals with the poetic field in the first decades of the Abbassid era. It does not focus on the poets’ individual biographies but on the logics they obey and the constraints that weigh on them as a group. It is based on the analysis of about 70 chapters taken from the Book of Songs by al-Iṣbahānī (d. ca 360/970). The first part examines the most conspicuous and most studied constraint: the connection between the poet and the prince. It assumes that the strength of the poetic word derives from a wider relation: the walā’, which implies enduring mutual obligations. Poetic speech is therefore just a particular aspect of a negotiation of the distance between the patron and his protégé. This negotiation affects the poets’ moves and modes of expression.The second part investigates how poets position themselves when interacting with the multitude of protagonists that claim the right to say what poetry should be. It analyses how the poets’ relations with their peers or with scholars are determined by the cumulated history of the field. Emphasis is then laid on how poets position themselves in the field by playing precoded roles, by “staging” their personae and giving the episodes of their lives a textual expression. As a result, the Book of Songs cannot be seen as a neutral record of these struggles ; it is also the battlefield where they take place
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Aziz, Rookhsana. "Hijab – the Islamic dress code: its historical development, evidence from sacred sources and views of selected Muslim scholars". Diss., 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/4888.
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The issue of a Muslim woman‟s dress code has been debated for centuries. This is of great importance as it is widely used as a criterion to measure the extent of a woman‟s piety or devotion to Allah.
A study of the religious texts on the issue is essential. Therefore, Qur‟anic text, Prophetic Traditions and Qur‟anic exegesis of both classical and modern scholars would have been used in determining the correct dress code for Muslim women.
While all research indicates that women dress conservatively, in order not to attract the attention of the opposite sex. The extent to which a woman must be covered has not been agreed upon. Even if what has to be covered is established by scholars, the manner in which this is to be done and the type of colours and fabric to be used needs further clarification.
The issue of the female dress code needs to be presented from a female perspective.Religious Studies and Arabic
M.A. (Islamic Studies)
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Gintzburger, Anne-Sophie H. M. "The sources in variation in the application of Shari'a-compliant finance contracts : a comparative analysis of Shari'a scholars, Shari'a board roles, and regulatory variations in Malaysia and the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) states". Master's thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/151670.
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Ur-Rehman, Saeed. "Intellectuals and specificities : a study of postcolonial knowledge production by Ziauddin Sardar, Akbar S. Ahmed and Sara Suleri". Phd thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/148465.
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Anhorn, Evan Christopher. "Architects of change: professionalizing the Islamic scholar in the United Kingdom and Germany". Thesis, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/41490.
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This dissertation examines two recent programs for post-secondary Islamic theological training in Europe that aim to produce a new class of professional Islamic scholars for emerging roles within European society. Graduates can use their training and new qualifications to secure advanced professional roles and leadership positions within the Muslim community and the broader society and state. In the process, these graduates develop and define an emergent institutional role for Islamic knowledge and authority in Europe.
This study is based in seven months of fieldwork research in 2017 at two centers for higher Islamic education, including participant observation within classrooms and interviews with students, faculty and alumni. Founded in 2009, the Cambridge Muslim College in Cambridge, England is a small private school that provides professional training for about a dozen graduates of the many Islamic seminaries in the UK. Founded in 2012 with support from the German state, the Center for Islamic Theology at the University of Tübingen provides Islamic theological training to hundreds of undergraduate and graduate students each year, many of whom have received no prior formal Islamic education. In addition to the institutional differences between the schools, their graduates enter into different job markets. Where the British graduates must develop new entrepreneurial roles for Islamic leaders in the UK, the German graduates become the skilled workforce to meet existing demand for public school Islam teachers, academic theologians and professional chaplains.
Comparing these two educational programs—one private, the other public—this dissertation explores how the position of each school vis-á-vis the Muslim community and the state shapes the construction of scholarly authority and the professional outcomes of the graduates. It finds that students at each school leverage their new authority to formulate creative programs of Islamic reform that justify and promote new roles for professional Islamic scholars within both the Muslim community and the larger society. Drawing upon current scholarship about Muslim identity, Islamic authority and secularism in Europe, this study considers how prevailing national discourses that marginalize Muslims in Europe shape students’ creative programs of reform and so also the future institution of Islamic knowledge in Europe.2022-09-30T00:00:00Z
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Draper, Thomas J. "Ibn Taymiyyah : the struggles of a mujtahid under the Bahri Mamluk sultans". 2013. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1709519.
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This study examined the context of the Medieval Islamic qadi Ibn Taymiyyah in 14th century Bahri Mamluk Syria and Egypt and his incarcerations and death in prison by order of Sultan Nasser al-Muhammad Qalawun for ijtihad. This study demonstrated Ibn Taymiyyah practiced ijtihad, held the rank of mujtahid, and incurred the wrath of the Sultan. The evidence indicates that Taymiyyah’s independent reasoning held specific social, legal, and political threats to Qalawun, the Bahri Mamluk Sultan, during his third reign. The significant role Taymiyyah’s ijtihad played in the Sultan’s imprisonment calls for a review of previous scholarship emphasizing the role of jealousy by the religious elite and affection for Taymiyyah by the Sultan as significant factors in his conflicts.Department of History
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Argun, Selim. "The life and contribution of the Osmanli scholar, Abu Bakr Effendi: towards Islamic thought and culture in South Africa". Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/1246.
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Amin, Ashraf Mohamed Fouad Mohamed. "Imam Ibn Al-Jazari : his contributions to the discipline of the recitation of the Qur'an and impact on later scholars/works". Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/7449.
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The importance of the Qur'an can be gauged from the fact that it was the first book which Muslim scholars concerned themselves with and by virtue of the belief of Muslims in general that it is the verbatim Word of Alllih culminated in their associating utmost reverence to the Qur'an in its written form and oral recitation. Thus, it is for this very reason that great concern was directed to the correct reading and pronunciation of the Arabic Qur'anic text Moreover, in view of the fact that there were several Arabic dialects and no declensions were at that time assigned to the text of the Qur'an, scholars of the Qur'an found it imperative to assign correct reading and recitation of the Arabic text of the Qur'an. Scholars before al-JazarI's time assigned several rules for the correct rendering of the Qur' anic recitation. This was necessary because incorrect reading, recitation and pronunciation of the text of the Qur'an could result in changing the meaning of the text thus nullifying what was originally intended. , lmiim lbn al-Jazari's main contribution in this field is that after surveying the previous works on the subject, further refined and articulated the discipline of reading and recitation of the Qur'an. Hence, lmiim lbn al-Jazarf's works on this important discipline made an everlasting impact ,on the later history of discipline of the recitation of the Qur'an. Several of Imdm lbn al-Jazarf's works were published and there are still several of them which have been preserved in manuscript forms in various libraries throughout the 2 Muslim world, suchas in Turkey, Syria, Iran andEgypt Thesemanuscripts are not easily accessible to the general publicin our present times. The objectives of this studyare to: 1. trace the origin and development of 'ilm al-Qirli'at (the Science of Qur'anic Recitation); 2. give an account of the life ofImam Ibn al-Jazarf; 3. survey the worksImdm Ibn al-Jazari; and 4. to examine and evaluate the contributions of lmiim Ibn al-Jazari on later scholars/works.Thesis (Ph.D)-University of Durban-Westville, 2004.
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Gamieldien, Mogamad Faaik. "An annotated translation of the manuscript Irshad Al-MuqallidinʾInda Ikhtilaf Al-Mujtahidin (Advice to the laity when the juristconsults differ) by Abu Muhammad Al-Shaykh Sidiya Baba Ibn Al-Shaykh Al-Shinqiti Al-Itisha- I (D. 1921/1342) and a synopsis and commentary of its dominant themes". Thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/25753.
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Text in English and ArabicIn pre-colonial Africa, the Southwestern Sahara which includes Mauritania, Mali and Senegal belonged to what was then referred to as the Sudan and extended from the Atlantic seaboard to the Red Sea. The advent of Islam and the Arabic language to West Africa in the 11th century heralded an intellectual marathon whose literary output still fascinates us today. At a time when Europe was emerging from the dark ages and Africa was for most Europeans a terra incognita, indigenous African scholars were composing treatises as diverse as mathematics, agriculture and the Islamic sciences. A twentieth century Mauritanian, Arabic monograph, Irshād al- Muqallidīn ʿinda ikhtilāf al-Mujtahidīn1, written circa 1910/1332, by a yet unknown Mauritanian jurist of the Mālikī School, Bāba bin al-Shaykh Sīdī al- Shinqīṭī al-Ntishā-ī (d.1920/1342), a member of the muchacclaimed Shinqīṭī fraternity of scholars, is a fine example of African literary accomplishment. This manuscript hereinafter referred to as the Irshād, is written within the legal framework of Islamic jurisprudence (usūl al-fiqh). A science that relies for the most part on the intellectual and interpretive competence of the independent jurist, or mujtahid, in the application of the methodologies employed in the extraction of legal norms from the primary sources of the sharīʿah. The subject matter of the Irshād deals with the question of juristic differences. Juristic differences invariably arise when a mujtahid exercises his academic freedom to clarify or resolve conundrums in the law and to postulate legal norms. Other independent jurists (mujtahidūn) may posit different legal norms because of the exercise of their individual interpretive skills. These differences, when they are deemed juristically irreconcilable, are called ikhtilāfāt (pl. of ikhtilāf). The author of the Irshād explores a corollary of the ikhtilāf narrative and posits the hypothesis that there ought not to be ikhtilāf in the sharīʿah. The proposed research will comprise an annotated translation of the monograph followed by a synopsis and commentary on its dominant themes.
Religious Studies and Arabic
D. Litt. et Phil. (Islamic Studies)