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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "IS : 800 (1984)"
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Muysken, J., i A. H. Van Zon. "Employment and Unemployment in the Netherlands, 1960-1984: A Putty-Clay Approach". Recherches économiques de Louvain 53, nr 2 (czerwiec 1987): 101–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0770451800083081.
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1. INTRODUCTIONSince the mid-seventies vintage models have played an important role in the analysis of the Dutch economy. Although earlier vintages of these models were of a clay-clay nature, due to technical progress in economic analysis and in estimation methods, more recent vintages are of a putty-clay nature. Examples of the latter are Kuipers and van Zon (1982) and Gelauff, Wennekers and De Jong (1985). We shall further refer to them as KvZ and GWJ, respectively. Our model fits in with this putty-clay tradition. However, before highlighting several features of our model, some general remarks should be made.In the period 1950-1970 employment in the private sector in the Netherlands increased from 3400 to 4130 thousand man-years. It remained at a more or less constant level of 4100 thousand man-years till 1980 and then decreased rapidly to a level of 3800 in 1983, at which it remained for the years 1984 and 1985. Likewise, unemployment increased slowly from 70 thousand man-years in 1970 to 325 thousand man-years in 1980. Then unemployment accelerated towards a level of 800 thousand man-years in 1983, at which it remained for the years 1984 and 1985. The unemployment rate is about 17 % nowadays. Muyskens and Meijers (1985) explain that the earlier developed clay-clay vintage models cannot adequately deal with these turbulent developments in the period 1980-1985.
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Yonker, J. W., i G. W. Bennett. "Evaluation of Baythroid Against the German Cockroach, 1984-1985". Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 11, nr 1 (1.01.1986): 450. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/11.1.450.
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Abstract The residual activity of 2 concentrations of 2 formulations of this synthetic pyrethroid were investigated. Sprays were applied at 1 gal per 1000 ft2 (0.95 ml/232 cm2) using a mechanized spray tower apparatus equipped with a 800 IE nozzle. Two surfaces (232 cm2 panels) were treated: plywood with single coats of latex primer and paint, and particle board with 1 coat each of sanding sealer and varnish. Test insects were confined to the treated surface using 12.7-cm diam plastic rings, lightly greased with a petrolatum/mineral oil mixture. Four replicates of 10 males were run for each treatment/surface combination. Food and water were not provided, and observations were taken regularly to determine speed of activity.
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Thuillier, Gerard, Michel Herse, Dietrich Labs, Paul C. Simon, Didier Gillotay i Holger Mandel. "Irradiance Observations in Near-UV, Visible and Near Infrared Spectral Bands from Measurements Carried out during ATLAS-1 and EURECA-1 Missions". International Astronomical Union Colloquium 143 (1994): 70–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100024556.
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For the ATLAS and EURECA missions, we have used two identical instruments to measure the absolute solar spectral irradiance from 180 to 3200 nm. These instruments are calibrated by use of a blackbody and a set of lamp standards. The measurements are carried out with 1 nm bandpass up to 800 nm and 20 nm above. The instruments and calibration procedures are described by Thuillier et al. (1981). The platform capability of instruments retrieval after measurements allows a post-flight calibration which is essential for accurate measurements. The main results obtained up to now are:- In the UV, the ATLAS-1 and EURECA-1 solar spectral irradiance are consistent with the SpaceLab 1 data obtained in 1983 (Labs et al. 1987). Figure 1 shows the ATLAS 1 and SL 1 spectra. The origin of the existing differences is presently under investigation.- In the visible domain, our measurements agree with the solar spectrum from Neckel & Labs (1984) within a few percent difference at certain wavelength.- In the IR domain, the preliminary processing shows a spectrum close to the one obtained by Thekaekara (1974).
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Gates, Edward. "Webster’s New World Dictionary". English Today 5, nr 2 (kwiecień 1989): 52–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078400003990.
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THE THIRD College Edition of Webster's New World Dictionary was published by Simon & Schuster in September 1988. The work contains 170,000 entries and 800 illustrations in 1600 pages. Recent college dictionaries have contained about 150,000 entries. The increase is due in part to the steady proliferation of the vocabulary and in part to competition among the four rivals. The others are American Heritage Dictionary, College Edition (Houghton Mifflin, published in 1982); Random House College Dictionary (1984), and Webster's Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary (Merriam-Webster, 1983). By comparison, Noah Webster's American Dictionary of the English Language, published in 1828, contained 70,000 words. The college dictionary is one of a family of New World dictionaries that have sold more than 80 million copies since 1951.
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Whittle, Kevin J., Peter R. Mackie i Harry K. Davis. "Shellfish tainting – a means of monitoring petroleum-contaminated effluents". Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Section B. Biological Sciences 103 (1995): 127–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269727000005972.
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SynopsisWater from the separation plant at Sullom Voe is discharged into the sea under agreed conditions from a diffuser situated to the north of Calback Ness, close to natural scallop (Pecten maximus) beds.As part of the arrangements to monitor potential effects of the discharge, Torry Research Station was asked to assess, for petroleum taint, shellfish which would be sampled at intervals from Sullom Voe. To avoid depletion of the natural shellfish beds, queen scallops (Chlamys opercularis) or scallops, whichever were available from other areas, were set out in cages suspended (or on the bottom) 100–1250 m eastwards of the outfall for a period, and then recovered, frozen, and assessed subsequently at the laboratory by a trained taste panel, and compared with the same species unexposed.The cages were laid on 10 occasions from March 1980 to February 1987. Initially, no petroleum taint was detected. In August 1980 and May 1981, a different flavour, but not recognisable as a petroleum taint, was detected at 800–1000 m from the outfall after three days exposure. In May 1982, 33% of the queen scallops in the cage on the bottom, 100 m south east of the diffuser, were dead after six days exposure, and taint was detected at the threshold level in shellfish in the cage at 300 m. In May 1983, taint and petroleum derived hydrocarbons were detected in the sample from the cage on the bottom, 100 m south east of the diffuser, after seven days exposure. In May 1984, taint was again detected at the bottom, 200 m south east of the outfall, after 10 days exposure.Enquiries established that the diffuser was not operating with maximum efficiency. Subsequently, monitoring revealed an improvement. Taint assessment proved to be a sensitive detector of petroleum contamination.
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Lake, Aloysius. "ANALISA KONDISI RUNWAY ELTARI KUPANG PROVINSI NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR". JUTEKS - Jurnal Teknik Sipil 1, nr 1 (25.08.2017): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.32511/juteks.v1i1.73.
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Bandar Udara El Tari Kupang merupakan salah satu pintu gerbang transportasi dari dan ke Nusa Tenggara Timur. Mengingat tingkat penerbangan yang semakin tinggi terhadap penumpang dan barang, maka tuntutan untuk meningkatkan pemeliharaan infrastruktur runway sudah saatnya dilakukan. Terutama, penanganan kerusakan yang terjadi di runway Bandar udara Eltari. Panjang runway yang mencapai 2.500 meter, jika dilihat secara visual terdapat kerusakan pada area pinggir runway tersebut. Kerusakan ini terjadi di sepanjang area pinggir runway sisi kanan dan sisi kiri. Hal ini akan sangat berpengaruh pada kenyamanan dan keamanan para pengguna runway
Penilaian kondisi kerusakan perkerasan yang dikembangkan oleh U.S. Army Corp of Engineer (Shahin et al., 1976-1984), dinyatakan dalam Indeks Kondisi Perkerasan (Pavement Condition Index, PCI). Penggunaan PCI untuk perkerasan bandara, jalan, dan tempat parkir telah dipakai secara luas di Amerika. Departemen-departemen yang menggunakan prosedur PCI ini, misalnya: FAA (Federal Aviation Administration, 1982), Departemen Pertahanan Amerika (U.S. Air Force, 1981; U.S. Army, 1982), Asosiasi Pekerjaan Umum Amerika (American Public Work Association, 1984) dan lain-lain.
Metode PCI memberikan informasi kondisi perkerasan hanya pada saat survey dilakukan, tapi tidak dapat memberikan gambaran prediksi di masa datang. Namun demikian, dengan melakukan survey kondisi secara periodik, informasi kondisi perkerasan dapat berguna untuk prediksi kinerja di masa datang, selain juga dapat digunakan sebagai masukan pengukuran yang lebih detail.
Dari hasil perhitungan dan analisa maka dapat disimpulkan beberapa hal sebagai berikut: Jenis dan tingkat kerusakan perkerasan yang terjadi pada runway El Tari STA 0+300 s/d 1+800 sisi kiri adalah Retak Kulit Buaya (tingkat kerusakan rendah), Kegemukan (tingkat kerusakan tinggi), Amblas (tingkat kerusakan sedang), Retak Memanjang (tingkat kerusakan sedang), Pelepasan Butiran (tingkat kerusakan rendah hingga sedang), Retak Bulan Sabit (tingkat kerusakan sedang). Nilai Kondisi menurut PCI adalah 22, yang berarti kondisi kerusakan Serius. Penyebab kerusakan pada runway El Tari STA 0+300 – 1+800 sisi kiri, adalah : Tidak ditemukan agregat base pada struktur lapisan perkerasan, Kemiringan shoulder / bahu landasan. Sesuai dengan jenis/kondisi kerusakan maka penanganan yang dilakukan menurut Pavement Condition Index adalah melakukan Rekonstruksi / Pembangunan Kembali.
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Whelan, BR. "Uptake of selenite fertilizer by subterranean clover pasture in Western Australia". Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 29, nr 4 (1989): 517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9890517.
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. Subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) based pastures were fertilised with sodium selenite at 9 rates from 0 to 800 g Se/ha on 2 sites in 1983. In order to measure the residual value in 1984 and 1985, further applications of sodium selenite were superimposed on the original 9 treatments. Green pasture was sampled annually, dry pasture was sampled once, only in 1984 and the concentration of selenium in the pasture was measured. The sampled pasture was sorted into 2 components: subterranean clover, and non-subterranean clover. Except for the third site that had a quadratic response for the non-subterranean clover component of the pasture, the concentration of selenium in plants increased linearly with application rate. The selenium concentration in subterranean clover was lower than that in the other species in the pasture. Differences between years were large: in 1985, the concentration in plant material was twice that in 1983 and 1984. The dry summer feed had higher concentrations of selenium than the green pasture. The residual value of selenite was 25% in the first year and 15% in the second year. Adequate dietary levels of selenium for sheep would require an annual application of about 200 g sodium selenite/ha to these soils.
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Sanderson, J. P., i M. M. Barnes. "Control of Naval Orangeworm on Almonds, 1984". Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 11, nr 1 (1.01.1986): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/11.1.93.
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Abstract The test was conducted in an 11-year-old commercial almond orchard near Shaffer, CA. Eight treatments were replicated 7 times in a randomized complete block design. Each replicate consisted of a single tree. Treatments were applied at tree-top hullsplit initiation on 2 Jul ’84 with a hand gun which delivers a fine spray at 400-450 psi. The trees were sprayed to runoff at an application rate of ca 800 gal/acre. At harvest (30 Aug ’84) all nuts were shaken from each tree. Samples of 300 nuts per tree were then collected and examined in the lab for navel orangeworm damage. Data are reported as the avg % damaged nuts found in a sample.
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Rybníček, M., P. Čermák, T. Kolář, E. Přemyslovská i T. Žid. "Influence of temperatures and precipitation on radial increment of Orlické hory Mts. spruce stands at altitudes over 800 m a.s.l." Journal of Forest Science 55, No. 6 (1.06.2009): 257–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/90/2008-jfs.
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Research on the influence of temperatures and precipitation on radial increment was carried out in spruce stands over ninety years old in the surroundings of Anenský vrch in the Orlické hory Mts. at altitudes over 800 m above sea level. To model diameter increment in dependence on climatic conditions, the standard tree-ring and correlation analysis together with the analysis of negative pointer years were used. The diameter increment has a statistically significant correlation with temperatures in July of each year in question. The growth of spruce is also affected to a statistically significant degree by precipitation in July of the previous year and by precipitation in February and March of the year in question. The standard tree-ring chronology shows an obvious decrease in radial increments starting at the beginning of the 1970s and ending at the end of the 1980s. The lowest increments were recorded for 1974, 1980, 1984 and 1986. These years with low increments were also confirmed by the analysis of negative pointer years. In the following period there is an increase in increments, with slight decreases in 1996 and 2000, which, however, according to the analysis of negative pointer years do not demonstrate any significant reduction of increments. Another decrease was recorded starting in 2003 and this lasted until the studied period, i.e. 2007. The current condition of spruce stands is certainly the result of more stressors but it appears that with the current air pollution load the climatic conditions are the factor determining the resulting effect of the synergic influence of the stressors on the stands.
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Smalley, Timothy J., Michael A. Dirr i Gerald G. Dull. "Effect of Extended Photoperiod on Budbreak, Overwinter Survival, and Carbohydrate Levels of Acer rubrum ‘October Glory’ Rooted Cuttings". Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 112, nr 3 (maj 1987): 459–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.112.3.459.
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Abstract Acer rubrum L. ‘October Glory’ cuttings taken on 15 June 1984 were subjected to short day (SDT) (800-1700 HR) or short day plus night interruption treatments (NIT) (800-1700 plus 2200-200 HR) from 25 July until 22 Oct. 1984. Additional cuttings taken on 14 Aug. were subjected to the same photoperiod treatments from 10 Sept, until 22 Oct. For the 15 June cuttings, the NIT treatment induced significantly greater percent budbreak than the SDT, but did not induce significantly greater overwinter survival. Cuttings of 15 June that broke bud under NIT had significantly greater stem length and dry weight than cuttings that broke bud under SDT. SDT and NIT cuttings of 15 June that broke bud had significantly greater percent root carbohydrates, total grams of carbohydrates, and percent overwinter survival then cuttings that did not break bud. For the 14 Aug. cuttings, 1% of the cuttings broke bud, yet 95% (SDT) and 90% (NIT) of the cuttings survived the winter, and no difference in cutting carbohydrate levels, except stem starch, existed between the two treatments.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "IS : 800 (1984)"
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Clayton, Melanie Yvonne. "A literary series of the English Radio Network of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation 1954-1984". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.305231.
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Hudson, Simon. "An inquiry into the critical reception of Joyce's Ulysses 1918-1984". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320939.
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Lihamba, Amandina. "Politics and theatre in Tanzania after the Arusha Declaration : 1967-1984". Thesis, University of Leeds, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.289801.
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Roger, Dominique. "Bilan d'activité de la banque d'os cryoconservé de 1984 à 1989 et étude des premiers résultats : à propos de 800 greffons". Bordeaux 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR25265.
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Philo, Greg. "News content and audience belief : a case study of the 1984/5 miners strike". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1989. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2501/.
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This study examines the reception of news messages by audiences, with special reference to coverage of the 1984/5 miner's strike. A new methodology is employed, which used groups of people selected to highlight possible differences in the reception of messages. Some groups had a special knowledge of the events of the strike, while a more general sample included people from different occupations and regional areas. The groups were invited to write and texts of their own television news programmes using actual photographs from news reports on the strike. This approach showed what the groups understood the content of the news to be on specific issues. It was then possible to compare this with what they believed to be `true', and to examine the sources of their beliefs, as well as why they either accepted or rejected media accounts. Earlier research with the Glasgow University Media Group had focussed on the content of television news. This showed how the presentation of certain views and explanations together with the embracing and underlining of them by journalists was part of a general process by which the news was structured. The conclusion was that some key themes were highlighted in the news text. The current study indicated which news themes had been retained in the memories of audience members. One notable result was the clarity with which such themes were recalled and the close correspondence between news programmes written by the groups and some actual news bulletins. Some groups were able to reproduce not only the thematic content of news bulletins on issues such as violence, but also the structure and language of actual news headlines. Television news (and to a lesser extent the press) was found to be a major source of information for many people in the groups and had a clear influence on some elements of belief. However, it was also found that direct experience could have a crucial influence on how new information from the media was understood. Such direct contacts, together with political culture, class experience and processes of logic were the most important factors in the relation between the reception of a news message and what was finally believed by the audience.
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Yannopoulos, Alexis. "Archéologies du futur : anamorphoses et utopies dans l’œuvre d’Angélica Gorodischer (1964-1984)". Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOU20108/document.
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Angélica Gorodischer est une écrivaine argentine contemporaine de renommée internationale. Pourtant, la période initiale de sa production littéraire, à dominante SF (Science-Fiction), demeure encore amplement méconnue. Au-delà de leur indéniable qualité littéraire, ces textes méritent ainsi d’être mis en valeur pour la réflexion qu’ils déclenchent sur les rapports sociaux de domination, sur certains paradoxes de l’action politique mais aussi sur une période particulièrement conflictuelle de l’Histoire argentine (conflits politiques et sociaux, dictatures de 1966 et de 1976).Nous utilisons pour cela les outils d’analyse développés par la théorie sociocritique en les complétant par le recours aux études de genre et aux études sur l’utopie et la SF. Il s’agit tout d’abord de questionner la périodisation établie par la critique littéraire pour pouvoir repérer les problématiques de genre qui structurent les premières œuvres de l’écrivaine. Nous élargissons ensuite notre analyse en prenant en compte la consubstantialité des rapports sociaux et en examinant la remise en question de l’idée de nature. Enfin, nous considérons l’œuvre comme une encyclopédie ouverte et critique qui favorise l’élan utopique. Les textes invitent ainsi la personne qui lit à méditer sur les caractéristiques d’une éthique de l’ambigüité guidant son action politique et favorisant l’équité socialeAngélica Gorodischer is a contemporary Argentine writer of international renown. However, the initial period of his literary production, dominant SF (Science Fiction), remains largely unknown. Beyond their undeniable literary quality, these texts and deserve to be highlighted for thinking they trigger the social relations of domination, some paradoxes of political action but also a period of intense conflict of Argentine History (political and social conflicts, dictatorships and 1966 1976) .We use for this analysis tools developed by sociocriticism theory supplementing them with the use of gender studies and studies utopia and SF. This first question the periodization established by literary criticism to be able to identify gender issues that shape the early works of the writer. We then extend the analysis by taking into account the consubstantiality of social relations and examining the questioning of the idea of nature. Finally, we consider the work as an open and critical encyclopedia that promotes the utopian impulse. Texts and invite the person reading to meditate on the characteristics of an ethics of ambiguity guiding its political and promoting social equity share
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Grundy, Valerie. "Structure and system : Celine and the novel 1944-1954". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.253969.
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Thomas, Jeanette Ann. "A history of the BBC features department 1924-1964". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.359694.
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Beumers, Birgit. "Yury Lyubimov at the Taganka theatre and in exile (1964-1989)". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.314927.
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Leigh, N. "Radical fictions : Power and the £Tnovels of Norman Mailer£T, 1948-1983". Thesis, University of Manchester, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.377652.
Pełny tekst źródłaKsiążki na temat "IS : 800 (1984)"
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Wagenknecht, Wilhelm. Bad Bevensen: Der Weg durch die Jahrhunderte (800-1984). Bad Bevensen: Das Stadtarchiv, 1985.
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Corporation, Intertec Publishing, red. Clymer Suzuki VS700-800 Intruder twins, 1985-1994. Overland Park, Kan: Intertec Pub. Corp., 1995.
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Munchaev, R. M. Pervye rossiĭskie arkheologi v Mesopotamii: Irak, 1969-1980, 1984-1985. Moskva: Taus, 2013.
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Lever, Jill. Illustrated dictionary of architecture, 800-1914. Wyd. 2. London: Boston, 1993.
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Publications, Clymer, red. Clymer Suzuki VS700-800 Intruder, 1985-2002. Wyd. 3. Overland Park, Kan: Primedia, 2002.
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Geological Survey (U.S.), red. Columbia Glacier in 1986: 800 meter retreat. Tacoma, Wash: Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1987.
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Corporation, Intertec Publishing, red. Clymer Suzuki VS700-800 Intruder twins, 1985-1997. Wyd. 2. Overland Park, Kan: Intertec Pub., 1997.
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Gopal, Singh. Pañjābī sāhitta dā itihāsa, 800 Ī.-1988 Ī. Wyd. 4. Nawīṃ Dillī: Waralaḍa Buka Saiṇṭara, 1990.
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Gopal, Singh. Pañjābī sāhitta dā itihāsa, 800 Ī.-1988 Ī. Wyd. 4. Nawīṃ Dillī: Waralaḍa Buka Saiṇṭara, 1990.
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Klein, Lori. Perioperative red cell transfusion: January 1985 through May 1988 : 803 citations. Bethesda, Md: U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, Reference Section, 1988.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaCzęści książek na temat "IS : 800 (1984)"
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Brown, Robert. "Contemporary Work (1980–1988)". W Essays on Philosophy in Australia, 275–319. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8006-9_13.
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Scarlett, Brian. "Moral Philosophy 1945–1980". W Essays on Philosophy in Australia, 53–79. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8006-9_4.
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Boot, J. M. "14 Gezondheidsbeleid en marktwerking 1985-2000". W De Nederlandse gezondheidszorg, 343–63. Houten: Bohn Stafleu van Loghum, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-313-8006-0_14.
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Lester, Marsha I. "1988–89: The Year of OH-Ar". W Dynamics of Polyatomic Van der Waals Complexes, 143–55. New York, NY: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-8009-2_13.
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Lehner, Oskar. "Änderungen des Familienrechts im Rahmen der Teilnovellen 1914–1916". W Familie — Recht — Politik, 63–99. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-8900-9_3.
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Pollack, Daniel. "Rowe v. Bennett 514 A.2d 802 (Me. 1986)". W Social Work and the Courts, 110–12. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003249894-37.
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Metzl, Jamie Frederic. "September 1979–December 1980". W Western Responses to Human Rights Abuses in Cambodia, 1975–80, 156–80. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-24717-2_7.
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Portner, Rosemarie. "Deutsch-amerikanisches Doppelbesteuerungsabkommen vom 29. August 1989 — Änderungsprotokoll vom 01. Juni 2006 Hier: Art. 18A — Altersvorsorgepläne". W Deutsches und internationales Steuerrecht, 713–36. Wiesbaden: Gabler, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8349-8030-4_28.
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Hartmann, Jürgen. "Social Policy in Sweden (1950–1980)". W Social Policy in Western Europe and the USA, 1950–80, 91–100. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-07576-8_6.
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Lin, Fanglei. "Electron Polarization". W Polarized Beam Dynamics and Instrumentation in Particle Accelerators, 155–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16715-7_6.
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AbstractThis chapter focuses on the introduction and discussion of electron polarization. In addition to the gyromagnetic ratio, the most different character of electrons compared to protons is that electrons radiate electromagnetic energy in a circular accelerator. A very small correction has to be applied to the electron spin flip to account for the synchrotron radiation. The different instantaneous spin flip probabilities, up to down and down to up, can build up the electron beam polarization state. However, mostly synchrotron radiation tends to disturb the electron orbital motion that is eventually balanced by the radiation damping along an equilibrium orbit. The electron spin motion is described by the modified Thomas-BMT equation with the radiative spin transition term included. Detail of the electron (de)polarization phenomena is described in this chapter. The lecture is extracted from various early theoretical papers, lectures, thesis and presentations (Lee, Accelerator Physics. World Scientific Publishing, 1999; Buon and Koutchouk, Polarization of Electron and Proton Beams. CERN-SL-94-80-AP, 1994; Montague, Phys. Rep. 113(1):1–96, 1984; Lee, Spin Dynamics and Snakes in Synchrotrons. World Scientific Publishing, 1997; Barber and Ripken, Handbook of Accelerator Physics and Engineering, 1st edn. World Scientific Publishing, 2006; Barber, An Introduction to Spin Polarisation in Accelerators and Storage Rings. Cockcroft Institute Academic Training Winter Term, 2014; Mane, Nucl. Instr. Methods Phys. Res. A 292:52–74, 1990; Berglund, Spin-Orbit Maps and Electron Spin Dynamics for the Luminosity Upgrade Project at HERA. DESY-THESIS-2001-044, 2001; Electron-Ion Collider Conceptual Design Report, 2020).
Streszczenia konferencji na temat "IS : 800 (1984)"
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Rodríguez, Marta. "Le Corbusier en ‘Líneas Simples’: Toyo Ito". W LC2015 - Le Corbusier, 50 years later. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/lc2015.2015.711.
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Resumen: Desde principios de la década de 1980, Toyo Ito asumió la misión de traducir el mensaje mecanicista de Le Corbusier en la era de la electrónica. Anhelaba superar la referencia a la máquina únicamente como inspiración estética, así como abolir la relación entre forma y función, de acuerdo a la nueva era digital. La experimentación doméstica de Ito, a lo largo la primera mitad de la década, le llevo a concebir finalmente una ‘arquitectura de líneas simples’. Desde el Proyecto Dom-ino (1980) hasta la Casa en Magomezawa (1986), se da una paulatina liberación de la formalidad lecorbuseriana—basada en una sociedad de la producción—en favor de una arquitectura sin forma—en consonancia con una sociedad del consumo. El proyecto que supone un punto de inflexión en esa evolución fue la Casa en Hanakoganei (1983), que introducía una serie de maniobras arquitectónicas que Ito implementó posteriormente en Silver Hut (1984), Pao I (1985) y en la Casa Magomezawa. Estos tres proyectos aglutinan las características que definen la arquitectura de Toyo Ito desde mediados de los 80 y que en última instancia impulsan ‘la aventura doméstica de los 80 en Japón’, la cual vuelve su mirada hacia las artes decorativas. La aspiración última de Ito—al igual que la de su ‘alter ego’ Le Corbusier seis décadas antes—fue diseñar una ‘nueva arquitectura’ acorde con los avances tecnológicos del momento, para ello Ito ensayó las siguientes estrategias arquitectónicas: desmaterialización, permeabilidad interior-exterior, indefinición funcional, provisionalidad, liberación formal respecto de la estructura, ligereza, arquitectura como vestido y anti-monumentalidad. Abstract: Toyo Ito took on the mission of translating Le Corbusier’s mechanistic message for the electronic age at the beginning of the 1980s. He desired to go beyond the reference of the machine only as aesthetic inspiration, as well as to abolish the relationship between form and function, visible in the new digital era. Ito’s domestic experimentation, during the first half of the decade, finally led him to conceive an ‘architecture in simple lines.’ From the Dom-ino Project (1980) to the House in Magomezawa (1986), there is a gentle liberation of the Corbusian formality—based on a society of production—in favor of an architecture without form—in accordance with a society of consumption. The House in Hanakoganei (1983) is as milestone in this evolution, where Ito introduced a series of design techniques that he later implemented in Silver Hut (1984), Pao I (1985), and in the Magomezawa House. These three projects congeal the characteristics that define Ito’s architecture from the middle of the 1980s and, ultimately, give impulse to the ‘domestic adventure of the 80s in Japan,’ that turns its eye to the decorative arts. Toyo Ito’s goal, similar to that of his ‘alter ego’ Le Corbusier six decades earlier, was to design a ‘new architecture’ in harmony with the technological advances of the time, which led him to try the following design strategies: dematerialization, interior-exterior permeability, undefined function, provisionality, formal liberation of the structure, lightness, architecture as a dress, and anti-monumentality. Palabras clave: Le Corbusier; Toyo Ito; Máquina; Electrónica; Hanakoganei; Pao I. Keywords: Le Corbusier; Toyo Ito; Machine; Electronic; Hanakoganei; Pao I. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/LC2015.2015.711
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Litvinaitis, Andrius, Lina Bagdžiūnaitė-Litvinaitienė i Laurynas Šaučiūnas. "The Influence of Neogene Lithology on the Šventoji River Hydrologic Regime". W Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.083.
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Due to the recently increasing frequency of extreme changes in river runoff regime, scientific literature deals with the characteristics of runoff formation. Works are carried out in analyzing climate changes and a lot of attention falls on land–use structures. Following thorough analysis of the lithological structure of river basins in separate costal zones, this article aims at evaluating river runoff formation characteristics. The basin lithological factor (sandy, loamy, argillaceous) was calculated based on Quaternary map of Lithuania M 1:200000 and Lithuanian river map M 1:50000 using ArcGis software. In order to carry out more thorough analysis of the influence of lithology in given territories, sections of 0–20 m, 50–200 m, 200–500 m, 500–800 m, 800–1000 m and >1000 m were established, calculating the distance in meters from the riverbank. The period of the years 1984–2014 was analyzed, years with the greatest, average and lowest amounts of precipitation (according to proba-bility) was analysed and relation between the runoff and precipitation was established as well as that with the lithological structure, estab-lished following a derivation of a hydromodule.
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Hall, Freeman F. "Cirrus cloud transmittance and backscatter measured with an infrared CO2 lidar". W OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1987.mz5.
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We have measured the transmittance of cirrus clouds at 10.59-μm wavelength with a CO2 lidar using two independent methods. The first method used backscatter from the calibration target El Chichon stratospheric cloud that was present over Boulder during 1982 and 1983. The second method used conical lidar scans at different zenith angles when uniform cirrus decks were present during the 1986 FIRE intensive observations in Oshkosh, WI. Extinction coefficients from both methods average 0.1 km−1 for thin cirrus, 0.5 km thick to 0.6 km−1 for cirrus several kilometers thick. There is a wide standard deviation in extinction values. Extinction to backscatter ratios vary from ~800 sr for thin clouds to 2600 sr for thick clouds.
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Brabyn, John, Marilyn Schneck i Gunilia Haegerstrom-Portnoy. "Vision function of the oldest-old". W Vision Science and its Applications. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/vsia.1996.tha.4.
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People over the age of 65 are the fastest growing segment of the population with those over 85 years increasing even faster. Many previous studies have reported on changes in multiple vision functions with age (e.g. Häkkinen, 1984, Bergman et al. 1992, Rubin et al., 1995). In most previous studies, the oldest-old are often not well-represented. We are currently in the process of assessing vision function on a large battery of tests in a community dwelling older population living in Marin County, California. The randomly selected population which has been followed longitudinally for other epidemiological studies consists of over 2000 people over the age of 55 year (Reed et al. 1995). The oldest-old are over-represented with 500 participants over the age of 85 in the initial sample. Over 800 participants of the 2000 have participated in the vision study conducted in cooperation with the Buck Center for Research in Aging. The battery includes measure of spatial vision, temporal vision, reading performance, glare sensitivity, glare recovery, color vision, binocular vision, motion sensitivity, and central and peripheral visual fields including attentional visual fields. A subset of vision test results are presented here from a subset of the total sample. Only people 75 years and over are included. A total of 372 individuals with an average age of 83 years (s.d. 5.8) have completed the test battery to date. Of these, 121 are 85 years of age or older.
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Аниськович, Марина Маратовна. "НАЧАЛЬНЫЕ И СРЕДНИЕ УЧЕБНЫЕ ЗАВЕДЕНИЯ ПОЛОЦКА ВО ВТОРОЙ ПОЛОВИНЕ 1944—1948 гг." W МАТЭРЫЯЛЫ НАВУКОВА-ПРАКТЫЧНАЙ КАНФЕРЭНЦЫІ (па выніках навукова-даследчай работы супрацоўнікаў Нацыянальнага Полацкага гісторыка-культурнага музея-запаведніка ў 2020 г.) Полацк, 24—25 лютага 2021 года. Полацкі дзяржаўны ўніверсітэт імя Еўфрасінні Полацкай, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52928/978-985-531-807-2-2022-12-23.
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Статья посвящена истории начальных и средних учебных заведений в послевоенные годы как одного
из этапов становления школьного образования Полоцка в советский период. В работе проанализированы вопросы восстановления учебного и воспитательного процесса, педагогических кадров учебных
заведений, возвращения обязательного семилетнего образования в школах после Великой Отечественной войны. Важным аспектом исследования стало рассмотрение развития учебных заведений для взрослых, борьбы с неграмотностью и малограмотностью населения в указанный период.
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Knox, Wayne H. "New approach to femtosecond spectroscopy in the near infrared". W OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1987.mr6.
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Generation of optical pulses of <100-fs duration and a subsequent amplification at kilohertz repetition rate has been shown to be a powerful technique for nonlinear optical investigations requiring simultaneously high excitation intensities (>1013W/cm2) and sensitive detection (transmission changes of <10−4). It is interesting to extend these techniques to the near-IR region (800-1100 nm). Recently, pulses of <100-fs duration have been produced in the near-IR region at 8601 and 805 nm.2 In the latter case, amplification of 805-nm pulses to microjoule energies has been demonstrated at 6-kHz repetition rate2 using a copper-vapor laser-pumped amplifier, which is similar to that which has been developed for the 625-nm CPM laser wavelength range.2 Continuum generation in ethylene glycol results in broadband white light which is now very intense in the 820-1100-nm region.
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Perez, Myrna. "Stephen Jay Gould and McLean v. Arkansas: Scientific Expertise and the Nature of Science in American Culture 1980–1985". W 2016: Confronting the challenges of public participation in environmental, planning and health decision-making. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/sciencecommunication-180809-80.
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STERN, M., W. I. WAY, V. SHAH, M. B. ROMEISER, W. C. YOUNG i JOHN W. KRUPSKY. "800-nm digital transmission in 1300-nm optimized single-mode fiber". W Optical Fiber Communication Conference. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ofc.1987.md2.
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Brenier, A., R. Moncorge i C. Pedrini. "Fluroescence Dynamics in LiYF4:Tm, Ho after 800-nm Laser Excitation". W Advanced Solid State Lasers. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/assl.1989.ee9.
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Hahn, Jae Won, Jeong Kyun Hahn, Seung Nam Park i Chunghi Rhee. "Calibration of a two-color pyrometer with reference wavelength method". W OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1989.wv6.
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The concept of reference wavelength is introduced for calibration of a two-color pyrometer. With the reference wavelength method, an analytical formula of the ratio temperature for the two-color pyrometer is derived. A two-color pyrometer is constructed with a silicon photodiode and two narrowband interference filters (12-nm FWHM, 800- and 900-nm peak wavelength). For both channels, the two-color pyrometer is calibrated with the reference wavelength method. The reference wavelengths for the two channels are chosen as 803 and 903 nm, and the correction factors are calculated from the calibration results. In greybody condition which is simulated with a blackbody furnace, the measured temperature error of the two-color pyrometer is less than ±6°C in the temperature range of 700-1000°C. Also measuring surface temperature of an oxidized steel specimen contained in a vacuum furnace, the temperature error is less than ±15°C in the temperature range of 850-1000°C.
Raporty organizacyjne na temat "IS : 800 (1984)"
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Matsuo, Hideko, i Koen Matthijs. The life course and subjective well-being across generations – an analysis based on cross-national surveys (2002–2016). Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, lipiec 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/populationyearbook2021.res4.2.
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This paper identifies subjective well-being trajectories through happiness measures as influenced by time, socio-economic, demographic and behavioural determinants. Hierarchical age-period-cohort models are applied to European Social Survey (2002–2016) data on the population aged 30 and older in 10 countries. A U-shaped relationship between age and happiness is found for some countries, but a rather flat pattern and considerable diversity beyond age 80 are detected for other countries. Lower happiness levels are found for baby boomers (1945–1964) than for preboomers and post-boomers, and also for late boomers (1955–1964) than for early boomers (1945–1954). Women, highly educated and native people are shown to have higher happiness levels than men, less educated and non-native people, respectively. Moreover, a positive assessment of income, having a partner, and being a parent, in good health, employed and socially active are all found to have a positive impact on happiness levels. We find evidence of gaps in happiness levels due to differences in socio-economic characteristics over the life course in some, but not in all of the countries analysed.
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Bongaarts, John. Population policy options in the developing world. Population Council, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy1994.1008.
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The population of the developing world is expanding at the unprecedented rate of more than 800 million people per decade, and, despite anticipated reductions in growth during the next century, its size is expected to increase from 4.1 billion in 1990 to 10.2 billion in 2100. Past efforts to curb this growth have focused almost exclusively on the implementation of family planning programs to provide contraceptive information, services, and supplies. While these programs have been partially successful in reducing birth rates, further investments in them will have a limited additional impact on population growth. Other policy options, in particular measures to reduce high demand for births and to limit population momentum, are therefore needed. This working paper reviews past approaches to population policy and assesses alternative options available to governments of developing countries. These topics were discussed at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (the “Earth Summit”) in Rio de Janeiro in 1992 and will be a focus at the International Conference on Population and Development in 1994 in Cairo.
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Judd, D. J. Support of hadroproduction of bottom using the 800 GeV/c primary proton beam at the Fermilab tevatron. Final performance report, June 14, 1988--May 14, 1992. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), maj 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/167179.
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Kessler, Gabriel, Gabriel Vommaro i Gonzalo Assusa. El proceso de polarización en América Latina Entre la secularización y el conflicto distributivo. Maria Sibylla Merian Centre Conviviality-Inequality in Latin America, marzec 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46877/kessler-et-al.2023.53.
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América Latina vive actualmente un proceso de polarización en muchos países que constituye sin lugar a dudas un reto para incrementar los rasgos más cohesivos de la convivialidad. ¿Cómo actúan los factores económico-distributivos y culturalesmorales en los escenarios actuales de polarización? En este paper mostramos, primero, que el proceso general de secularización está extendido en la mayor parte de los países estudiados, aunque persisten segmentos conservadores resilientes y muy activos. Segundo, que los issues culturales-morales adquieren saliencia en conflictos polarizados en virtud de la relación entre la aceleración de los cambios en las posiciones en temas culturales (secularización acelerada) y la acción de variables asociadas con la politización de estos issues: ideología y religión. Tercero, que los issues económico-distributivos siguen estructurando preferencias políticas y se mantienen como escenario de polarización en América Latina, aunque las posiciones en este campo son menos consistentes y correlacionan más con la clase que con la ideología. Nuestro paper estudia los casos de Argentina, Brasil, Colombia y México, que reúnen el 80 % de la población del continente. Se apoya en un análisis de las series históricas (desde los años 1980 hasta la actualidad) de la encuesta World Values Survey e incorpora datos provenientes de un estudio comparado basado en grupos focales.
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Belzil, Christian, Jörgen Hansen i Xingfei Liu. The evolution of inequality in education - Trajectories and graduation outcomes in the US. CIRANO, czerwiec 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54932/qxsu8178.
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Nous modélisons la distribution conjointe (i) des trajectoires éducatives individuelles, définies par l'allocation du temps (semestres) entre diverses combinaisons d'inscription à l'école avec différentes modalités d'offre de travail et des périodes d'interruption de l'école consacrées soit à l'emploi soit à la production domestique et (ii) des résultats réels d'obtention du diplôme en utilisant deux cohortes de l'enquête longitudinale nationale sur les jeunes que nous suivons de 16 à 28 ans. Nous discutons de l'évolution des effets du revenu familial et des aptitudes, ces dernières étant décomposées en un facteur d'aptitude latente académique (cognitive) et pratique (technique-mécanique) corrélé avec le revenu familial et les variables de contexte. Nous constatons que le différentiel individuel d'aptitude cognitive et technique prévalant à 16 ans augmentait avec le revenu au début des années 80 mais beaucoup moins au début des années 2000. Nous ne trouvons aucune preuve d'une quelconque "inégalité de trajectoire" basée sur le revenu dans l'une ou l'autre des cohortes, après conditionnement sur les capacités. Parmi tous les résultats liés à l'obtention d'un diplôme et à l'inscription, l'obtention d'un diplôme universitaire est le seul pour lequel l'effet du revenu a augmenté entre les années 1980 et le début des années 2000, mais il n'a pas atteint un niveau plus important que l'effet du revenu sur l'obtention d'un diplôme d'études secondaires. Dans les deux cohortes, les capacités cognitives et techniques sont les facteurs dominants mais elles affectent la plupart des dimensions des trajectoires individuelles et tous les résultats d'obtention du diplôme dans des directions opposées. Cependant, le facteur des capacités cognitives a perdu la moitié de son effet sur l'obtention du diplôme universitaire, tandis que l'impact du facteur technique-mécanique a été plus stable d'une cohorte à l'autre.
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Farahbod, A., i J. F. Cassidy. Spatial and temporal variations in seismic coda Q attenuation in the lower St. Lawrence region, southeastern Quebec. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/332027.
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We investigate seismic attenuation characteristics of the Lower St. Lawrence seismic zone in southeastern Quebec. This zone is located ~400 km downstream from Quebec City and is between the Quebec North Shore and the Lower St. Lawrence. We used earthquake recordings from 5 broadband and 5 short period seismograph stations of the Canadian National Seismic Network (CNSN) across the region. Our dataset is comprised of 847 earthquakes recorded between 1985 and 2022 with magnitudes ranging from 2.0 to 5.1, depths from 0 to 30 km and epicentral distances of 5 to 100 km. This gives a total of 446 high signal-to-noise (S/N) traces (S/N?5.0) useful for QC calculation (with a maximum ellipse parameter, a2, of 100) across the region. Coda windows were selected to start at tc = 2tS (two times the travel time of the direct S wave), and were filtered at center frequencies of 2, 4, 8, 12 and 16 Hz. Our study reveals a consistent pattern. We find that the lowest overall average of Q0 (Q at 1 Hz) values are at the three stations (GSQ, ICQ and SMQ) within 100 km of a moderate earthquake of mN 5.1 in 1999 (e.g., Q0 of 81, 88 and 80, respectively). We determined temporal variations in attenuation following the 1999 earthquake. The overall average of Q0 decreased from 87 (before the mainshock) to 77 (GSQ, D=96 km), from 92 to 85 (ICQ, D=69 km) and from 88 to 82 (SMQ, D=73 km). These results are in agreement with global studies that show a decrease in Q0 following a significant earthquake, (e.g., M &gt; 5) likely the result of increased fracturing and fluids in the epicentral region. An average for all the data results in a Q relationship of QC = 86f1.07 for the frequency band of 2 to 16 Hz for the entire region.
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Jacobsen, Nils. Linjebussens vekst og fall i den voksende byen: en studie av bybussenes geografiske kvalitet Stavanger – Sandnes 1920 – 2010. University of Stavanger, listopad 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/usps.244.
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Linear city bus services are facing increased challenges from city growth. Increased number of inhabitants on increasing acres of built-up areas, makes it demanding to maintain adequate bus services within reasonable catchment areas. Number of departures per hour give a partial description of the bus service quality. Number of departures give reference to the time aspect of bus service quality, but say nothing about the geographical aspect. What part of the entire line network is within reach of direct bus service when frequencies are limited? To address the geographical aspect of bus service quality, the term network ratio is introduced. The term Network Ratio (NR) signifies what part of the entire line network is within reach of direct bus service to or from a certain place in the network. Network Ratio is given as a mathematical term whereby direct bus lines are calculated as a percentage of the entire network. The character and development of Network Ratio in a specific city is illustrated through an analysis of the urban growth of line network and built-up areas in the twin cities of Stavanger and Sandnes. The analysis is covering the period 1920 – 2000 in intervals of 20 years from the first bus lines were established in the urban area. Year 2010 is also included due to major changes implemented right after the turn of the millennium. Development show there is a close relation between bus network and built-up areas. When areas are being built, bus lines follow. The initial fase 1920 – 40 with extensive development of bus lines combined with some areal growth, is followed by a fase of consolidation 1940 – 60. The latter period is characterized by moderate areal growth, extended lines reducing network ratios, and increasing frequencies on the best bus lines. Extensive areal growth in the following period 1960 – 80, implies increased number of bus lines. As a consequence network ratios as well as frequencies are falling in the entire network. In 1960 certain lines had developed as much as 6 departures per hour, while maximum bus line frequency in 1980 has diminished to 2. New bus service development is introduced in the following period between 1980 and 2000. Numerous bus companies are united, and a more comprehensive planning of bus services are applied. The number of bus lines is stabilized at about 40, the fall in network ratio is reduced, and certain lines develop 4 departures per hour. Parallell to the bus development, growth of built-up areas is slowing down due to increased urban renewal with higher densities within built-up areas. In the period 2000 – 2010 new efforts are given to the development of bus services. Development of Network Ratio takes a new direction: The length of network links with high NR is increasing, while links with very low NR are diminishing. Number of bus lines is decreasing, and by 2010 almost 50% of the bus lines are served with 4 departures or more. Passenger comfort is improved in buses as well as on bus stops, and low floor buses are introduced to ease accessibility. Bus service quality is further developed after 2010. Digital services are introduced including digital ticketing, bus service information and real-time information on internet. In addition real-time information is presented at high frequency bus stops through visual screen and auditory speaker. Inside the buses name of next stop is given on screen and through loudspeaker. Further development of the bus services, should include improved Network Ratios in the entire network, as well as increased frequencies on major bus corridors. The latter is a task not only for the bus service planners, but just as well for the city planners and politicians in collaboration with the developers implementing urban density and allocation of important destinations. A last, but not least, objective for bus service development will be to improve punctuality and total travel time. Today a considerable proportion of city bus services are delayed in car traffic congestions. This is occurring especially on main streets and during rush hours. A set of different solutions are needed to address this question: 1. Dedicated bus streets (including car access to limited addresses) 2. Bus lines through local streets in concentrated housing, office and shopping areas. 3. Dedicated bus lane on main streets where possible. 4. Car traffic regulations on main streets without space for extra bus lane. As an overall vision, we need to cultivate the word of Flemming Larsen: urban growth as pearls on a string, as shown in fig. 13 and fig. 14.
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Whitaker, Stephen. Rocky intertidal community monitoring at Channel Islands National Park: 2018–19 annual report. National Park Service, sierpień 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2299674.
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Channel Islands National Park includes the five northern islands off the coast of southern California (San Miguel, Santa Rosa, Santa Cruz, Anacapa, and Santa Barbara Islands) and the surrounding waters out one nautical mile. There are approximately 176 miles of coastline around the islands, about 80% of which is composed of rock. The diversity and undisturbed nature of the tidepools of this rocky coastline were recognized as special features of the islands in the enabling legislation. To conserve these communities unimpaired for future generations, the National Park Service has been monitoring the rocky intertidal communities at the islands since 1982. Sites were established between 1982 and 1998. Site selection considered visitation, accessibility, presence of representative organisms, wildlife disturbance, and safety. This report summarizes the 2018–2019 sampling year efforts (from November 2018 to April 2019) and findings of the Channel Islands National Park Rocky Intertidal Community Monitoring Program. Specific monitoring objectives are 1) to determine the long-term trends in percent cover of key sessile organisms in the rocky intertidal ecosystem, and 2) to determine population dynamics of black abalone (Haliotis cracherodii), owl limpets (Lottia gigantea), and ochre sea stars (Pisaster ochraceus). Objectives were met by monitoring percent cover of core species in target intertidal zones using photoplots and transects, and by measuring size frequency and abundance of black abalone, owl limpets, and sea stars using fixed plots or timed searches. Twelve key species or assemblages, as well as the substrate, tar, have been monitored twice per year at 21 sites on the five park islands as part of the rocky intertidal community monitoring program. Fixed photoplots were used to monitor the percent cover of thatched and acorn barnacles (Tetraclita rubescens, Balanus glandula/Chthamalus spp., respectively), mussels (Mytilus californianus), rockweeds (Silvetia compressa, and Pelvetiopsis californica (formerly Hesperophycus californicus), turfweed (Endocladia muricata), goose barnacles (Pollicipes polymerus) and tar. Point-intercept transects were used to determine the percent cover of surfgrass (Phyllospadix spp.). Information about size distribution (i.e., “size frequency” data) was collected for owl limpets in circular plots. Size distribution and relative abundance of black abalone and ochre sea stars were determined using timed searches. The maximum number of shorebirds and pinnipeds seen at one time were counted at each site. The number of concession boat visitors to the Anacapa tidepools was collected and reported. All sites were monitored in 2018–2019. This was the third year that we officially reduced our sampling interval from twice per year (spring and fall) to once in order to streamline the program and allow for the implementation of additional protocols. Weather conditions during the site visits were satisfactory, but high wind coupled with strong swell and surge limited or prevented the completion of some of the abalone and sea star searches. The percent cover for most key species or assemblages targeted in the photoplots was highly variable among sites. Mussel (Mytilus californianus) cover remained below average at Anacapa and Santa Barbara Islands. Record or near record low abundances for Mytilus were measured at Middle West Anacapa (Anacapa Island), Harris Point (San Miguel Island), Prisoner’s Harbor (Santa Cruz Island), and Sea Lion Rookery (Santa Barbara Island) sites. The only site that appeared to have above average Mytilus cover was Scorpion Rock on Santa Cruz Island. All other sites had mussel cover near or below the long-term mean. Qualitatively, Mytilus recruitment appeared low at most sites. Both rockweed species, Silvetia compressa and Pelvetiopsis californica (formerly Hesperophycus californicus), continued to decrease markedly in abundance this year at the majority of sites compared to combined averages for previous years. Fossil Reef and Northwest-Talcott on Santa Rosa Island, Sea Lion Rookery on Santa Barbara Island, and South Frenchy’s Cove on Anacapa Island were the only sites that supported Silvetia cover that was near the long-term mean. No sites exhibited above average cover of rockweed. Extremely high levels of recruitment for Silvetia and Pelvetiopsis were documented at many sites. Most sites exhibited marked declines in S. compressa abundances beginning in the early 2000s, with little recovery observed for the rockweed through this year. Barnacle (Chthamalus/Balanus spp.) cover fell below the long-term means at all islands except Anacapa, where barnacle cover was slightly above average. Endocladia muricata abundances remained comparable to the grand mean calculated for previous years at Santa Barbara, Santa Cruz, and Santa Rosa Islands, while cover of the alga decreased slightly below the long-term means at Anacapa and San Miguel Islands. Black abalone (Haliotis cracherodii) abundances at the islands remain less than one percent of 1985 population levels. Zero abalone were found throughout the entire site at Landing Cove on Santa Barbara Island and South Frenchy’s Cove on Anacapa Island. Above average abundances relative to the long-term mean generated from post-1995 data were observed at all but five sites. Juvenile black abalone were seen at all islands except Santa Barbara. Ochre sea star (Pisaster ochraceus) populations crashed in 2014 at all monitoring sites due to Sea Star Wasting Syndrome, an illness characterized by a suite of symptoms that generally result in death. The mortality event was widely considered to be the largest mortality event for marine diseases ever seen. Beginning in June 2013, the disease swiftly and significantly impacted P. ochraceus (among other species of sea stars) populations along the North American Pacific coast from Alaska to Baja California, Mexico. By the beginning of 2014, P. ochraceus abundances had declined by >95% at nearly all Channel Islands long-term intertidal monitoring sites, in addition to numerous other locations along the West Coast. At various times during the past decade, extremely high abundances (~ 500 P. ochraceus) have been observed at multiple sites, and most locations have supported >100 sea stars counted during 30-minute site-wide searches. This year, abundances ranged 0–13 individuals per site with all but one site having fewer than 10 P. ochraceus seen during routine searches. Insufficient numbers of sea stars were seen to accurately estimate the size structure of P. ochraceus populations. Only two juveniles (i.e., <50 mm) were observed at all sites combined. Giant owl limpet densities in 2018–2019 were comparable or slightly above the long-term mean at seven sites. Exceptionally high densities were measured at Northwest-Talcott on Santa Rosa Island, Otter Harbor on San Miguel Island, and Willows Anchorage on Santa Cruz Island. The sizes of L. gigantea this year varied among sites and islands. The smallest L. gigantea were observed at Otter Harbor followed closely by Willows Anchorage and Anacapa Middle West, and the largest were seen at Northwest-Talcott. Temporally, the mean sizes of L. gigantea in 2018–2019 decreased below the long-term mean at each island except Anacapa. Surfgrasses (Phyllospadix spp.) are typically monitored biannually at two sites each on Santa Cruz and Santa Rosa Islands. Beginning in 2015, all transects at each of the monitoring sites were only sampled once per year. At East Point on Santa Rosa Island, the conditions were not conducive to sampling the surfgrass transects, but qualitatively, percent cover of surfgrass appeared to be near 100% on all three transects. Relative to past years, cover of surfgrass increased above the long-term mean at Fraser Cove on Santa Cruz Island, fell slightly below the mean at Trailer on Santa Cruz Island, and remained approximately equivalent to the mean at the two Santa Rosa Island sites. Overall, the abundance and diversity of shorebirds in 2018–2019 at all sites appeared similar to observations made in recent years, with the exception of elevated numbers of brown pelicans (Pelecanus occidentalis) observed at East Point on Santa Rosa Island. Black oystercatchers (Haematopus bachmani) were the most ubiquitous shorebird seen at all sites. Black turnstones (Arenaria melanocephala) were not common relative to past years. Pinniped abundances remained comparable in 2018–2019 to historical counts for all three species that are commonly seen at the islands. Harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) were seen in the vicinity of eight sites this year. As in past years, harbor seals were most abundant at Otter Harbor and Harris Point on San Miguel Island. Elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) were seen at six sites during the year, where abundances ranged 1–5 individuals per location. California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) were common at Santa Barbara Island; 117 individuals were observed at Sea Lion Rookery. Sea lion abundances were higher than usual at Harris Point (N = 160) and Otter Harbor (N = 82) on San Miguel Island. Relative to past years, abundances this year were considered average at other locations.
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Crespo, Laura, Najiba El Amrani, Carlos Gento i Ernesto Villanueva. Heterogeneidad en el uso de los medios de pago y la banca online: un análisis a partir de la encuesta financiera de las familias (2002-2020). Madrid: Banco de España, marzec 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53479/29816.
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En los últimos años, el sistema bancario se encuentra inmerso en un intenso proceso de digitalización que ha afectado, entre otras dimensiones, a la forma en la que los ciudadanos se relacionan con las entidades financieras. Aunque a medio y largo plazo este proceso presenta beneficios para la sociedad, sus efectos a corto plazo dependen de cuán familiarizados estén los hogares, por ejemplo, con el uso de las tarjetas bancarias o de la banca online para acceder a los servicios financieros que demandan. Este documento utiliza datos desagregados de la Encuesta Financiera de las Familias (EFF) entre 2002 y 2020 para analizar cómo han cambiado los patrones de tenencia y uso de las tarjetas bancarias de los hogares españoles, así como el uso de la banca online. La riqueza de datos de la EFF permite caracterizar estos patrones para distintos grupos de población según su edad, nivel educativo y renta. Además, la disponibilidad de información a lo largo de un período prolongado para individuos nacidos el mismo año permite examinar la evolución de su uso de tarjetas y de la banca online a lo largo del ciclo vital. Los resultados del análisis sugieren, en primer lugar, que la tenencia de tarjetas bancarias y su uso se ha extendido a lo largo del período considerado, y ha crecido especialmente entre los hogares de menor nivel educativo y renta. No obstante, en 2020 aún se identifican algunos grupos de población que tienen acceso a este medio de pago de modo relativamente limitado, sobre todo los de mayor edad, menor nivel educativo y menor renta. Así, por ejemplo, en 2020, alrededor de un 20 % de los hogares con menor nivel educativo no tenían tarjeta bancaria o, teniéndola, no la utilizaban (en torno a 1.760.000 hogares).En segundo lugar, se observa que el uso de la banca online ha aumentado para todos los hogares entre 2002 y 2020, de modo que, incluso entre quienes tienen un nivel educativo inferior a Bachillerato, la mitad utiliza al menos ocasionalmente este modo de relacionarse con la banca. No obstante, el grado de difusión de este instrumento presenta una gran heterogeneidad según el año de nacimiento del cabeza de familia. Así, por ejemplo, en 2020, algo más del 80 % de los hogares con un cabeza de familia nacido antes de 1944 no utilizan la banca online (en torno a 2.130.000 hogares). Finalmente, este trabajo examina en qué medida estos patrones observados en la tenencia y el uso de tarjetas, así como en el uso de banca online, por educación, renta o año de nacimiento, se mantienen cuando se comparan hogares con composición demográfica y localización geográfica similares. Este análisis adicional, que tiene en cuenta más características relevantes de las familias, muestra, en línea con los resultados anteriores, que las diferencias en la tenencia y uso de tarjetas bancarias según la renta y el nivel educativo de los hogares se han reducido entre 2002 y 2020 —aun así, la tenencia de tarjetas sigue siendo más limitada en el cuartil inferior de renta y entre las familias con menor nivel educativo—. Por su parte, las diferencias entre hogares en el uso de la banca online según su renta, edad y educación han aumentado entre 2002 y 2020.
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Ley, Matt, Tom Baldvins, David Jones, Hanna Pilkington i Kelly Anderson. Vegetation classification and mapping: Gulf Islands National Seashore. National Park Service, maj 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2299028.
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The Gulf Islands National Seashore (GUIS) vegetation inventory project classified and mapped vegetation on park-owned lands within the administrative boundary and estimated thematic map accuracy quantitatively. The project began in June 2016. National Park Service (NPS) Vegetation Mapping Inventory Program provided technical guidance. The overall process included initial planning and scoping, imagery procurement, field data collection, data analysis, imagery interpretation/classification, accuracy assessment (AA), and report writing and database development. Initial planning and scoping meetings took place during May, 2016 in Ocean Springs, Mississippi where representatives gathered from GUIS, the NPS Gulf Coast Inventory and Monitoring Network, and Colorado State University. Primary imagery used for interpretation was 4-band (RGB and CIR) orthoimages from 2014 and 2016 with resolutions of 15 centimeters (cm) (Florida only) and 30 cm. Supplemental imagery with varying coverage across the study area included National Aerial Imagery Program 50 cm imagery for Mississippi (2016) and Florida (2017), 15 and 30 cm true color Digital Earth Model imagery for Mississippi (2016 and 2017), and current and historical true-color Google Earth and Bing Map imagery. National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration National Geodetic Survey 30 cm true color imagery from 2017 (post Hurricane Nate) supported remapping the Mississippi barrier islands after Hurricane Nate. The preliminary vegetation classification included 59 United States National Vegetation Classification (USNVC) associations. Existing vegetation and mapping data combined with vegetation plot data contributed to the final vegetation classification. Quantitative classification using hierarchical clustering and professional expertise was supported by vegetation data collected from 250 plots in 2016 and 29 plots in 2017 and 2018, as well as other observational data. The final vegetation classification includes 39 USNVC associations and 5 park special types; 18 forest and woodland, 7 shrubland, 17 herbaceous, and 2 sparse vegetation types were identified. The final GUIS map consists of 38 map classes. Land cover classes include four types: non-vegetated barren land / borrow pit, developed open space, developed low – high intensity, and water/ocean. Of the 34 vegetation map classes, 26 represent a single USNVC association/park special, six map classes contain two USNVC associations/park specials, and two map classes contain three USNVC associations/park specials. Forest and woodland associations had an abundance of sand pine (Pinus clausa), slash pine (Pinus elliottii), sand live oak (Quercus geminata), yaupon (Ilex vomitoria), wax myrtle (Morella cerifera), and saw palmetto (Serenoa repens). Shrubland associations supported dominant species such as eastern baccharis (Baccharis halimifolia), yaupon (Ilex vomitoria), wax myrtle (Morella cerifera), saw palmetto (Serenoa repens), and sand live oak (Quercus geminata). Herbaceous associations commonly included camphorweed (Heterotheca subaxillaris), needlegrass rush (Juncus roemerianus), bitter seabeach grass (Panicum amarum var. amarum), gulf bluestem (Schizachyrium maritimum), saltmeadow cordgrass (Spartina patens), and sea oats (Uniola paniculata). The final GUIS vegetation map consists of 1,268 polygons totaling 35,769.0 hectares (ha) or 88,387.2 acres (ac). Mean polygon size excluding water is 3.6 ha (8.9 ac). The most abundant land cover class is open water/ocean which accounts for approximately 31,437.7 ha (77,684.2 ac) or 87.9% of the total mapped area. Natural and ruderal vegetation consists of 4,176.8 ha (10,321.1 ac) or 11.6% of the total area. Within the natural and ruderal vegetation types, herbaceous types are the most extensive with 1945.1 ha (4,806.4 ac) or 46.5%, followed by forest and woodland types with 804.9 ha (1,989.0 ac) or 19.3%, sparse vegetation types with 726.9 ha (1,796.1 ac) or 17.4%, and shrubland types with 699.9 ha (1,729.5 ac) or 16.8%. Developed open space, which can include a matrix of roads, parking lots, park-like areas and campgrounds account for 153.8 ha (380.0 ac) or 0.43% of the total mapped area. Artificially non-vegetated barren land is rare and only accounts for 0.74 ha (1.82 ac) or 0.002% of the total area. We collected 701 AA samples to evaluate the thematic accuracy of the vegetation map. Final thematic accuracy, as a simple proportion of correct versus incorrect field calls, is 93.0%. Overall weighted map class accuracy is 93.6%, where the area of each map class was weighted in proportion to the percentage of total park area. This method provides more weight to larger map classes in the park. Each map class had an individual thematic accuracy goal of at least 80%. The hurricane impact area map class was the only class that fell below this target with an accuracy of 73.5%. The vegetation communities impacted by the hurricane are highly dynamic and regenerated quickly following the disturbance event, contributing to map class disagreement during the accuracy assessment phase. No other map classes fell below the 80% accuracy threshold. In addition to the vegetation polygon database and map, several products to support park resource management are provided including the vegetation classification, field key to the associations, local association descriptions, photographic database, project geodatabase, ArcGIS .mxd files for map posters, and aerial imagery acquired for the project. The project geodatabase links the spatial vegetation data layer to vegetation classification, plot photos, project boundary extent, AA points, and the PLOTS database. The geodatabase includes USNVC hierarchy tables allowing for spatial queries of data associated with a vegetation polygon or sample point. All geospatial products are projected using North American Datum 1983 (NAD83) in Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Zone 16 N. The final report includes methods and results, contingency tables showing AA results, field forms, species list, and a guide to imagery interpretation. These products provide useful information to assist with management of park resources and inform future management decisions. Use of standard national vegetation classification and mapping protocols facilitates effective resource stewardship by ensuring the compatibility and widespread use throughout the NPS as well as other federal and state agencies. Products support a wide variety of resource assessments, park management and planning needs. Associated information provides a structure for framing and answering critical scientific questions about vegetation communities and their relationship to environmental processes across the landscape.