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Anderson, Rhonda Margaret, i n/a. "Nutritional Assessment and Nutritional Knowledge of Lifesavers, Ironmen and Lifeguards". Griffith University. School of Health Science, 2001. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20051116.121748.
Pełny tekst źródłaAnderson, Rhonda Margaret. "Nutritional Assessment and Nutritional Knowledge of Lifesavers, Ironmen and Lifeguards". Thesis, Griffith University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366820.
Pełny tekst źródłaThesis (Masters)
Master of Philosophy (MPhil)
School of Health Sciences
Full Text
Zelmanow, Ari. "The Learning Pathways of Ironman Triathletes| Case Studies of Age-Group Ironman Triathletes". Thesis, Lindenwood University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3666916.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe Ironman Triathlon is an epic endurance event consisting of a 2.4-mile swim, a 112-mile bike ride, and a 26.2-mile run. There is paucity in the literature relating to how athletes learn how to negotiate this event. This qualitative study was conducted over a 9 month period, to align with the 2013 Ironman training and racing season. Seven athletes were selected for participation in the study. Utilizing a case study approach, the Ironman athletes' learning pathways were examined through in-depth interviews and audio and video content personally captured by the participants.
The learning pathways revealed the athletes initially learned through cognitive means, i.e. social interaction, reading, Internet sources, and the observation of others. As athletes traversed the learning pathway, they subsequently operationalized the knowledge they learned and constructively made it meaningful to their respective personal training and racing situations. At the terminal end of the learning pathway, the athletes operationalized the learned content in an experiential learning cycle. During the entire learning pathway, the athletes practiced the learned content, which is best characterized as behavioral learning. The audio and video content provided by the athletes empirically validated the interviews.
The interviews with the athletes were coded. Some unifying themes emerged from the data independent of cognitive, constructivist, behavioral, or experiential learning theories; e.g. the importance of mental toughness, the understanding of pain during the training and racing process, how success is measured, the importance of training with a power meter, and motivating factors.
Grand'Maison, Karine. "Mental skills of elite ironman triathletes". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26914.
Pełny tekst źródłaYoungman, Jason D. "Risk for Exercise Addiction: A Comparison of Triathletes Training for Sprint-, Olympic-, Half-Ironman-, and Ironman-distance Triathlons". Scholarly Repository, 2007. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/12.
Pełny tekst źródłaMara, Lourenço Sampaio de. "Alterações hidroeletrolíticas agudas no triatlo Ironman Brasil". Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2005. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/341.
Pełny tekst źródłaCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The Triathlon Ironman is characterized for a resistance activity consisting of 3,8 km of swimming, 180 km of cycling and 42,2 km of running, in which the athlete is exercised, in average, for about 13 hours. In this context, the athlete displayed to such load of effort and ambient adversities experiences acute organic alterations in his biological systems, including the hydroelectrolytic disturbs. The objective of this study is to describe the hydric and electrolytic alterations found in triathlon Ironman athletes in the years from 2002 to 2005. 109 voluntary athletes had been evaluated before and immediately after the events carried through in Florianópolis-SC Brazil, with blood analysis of sodium and potassium electrolytes, and measure of body mass. The data of the sodium serum of 89 athletes had been correlated with the degree of dehydration and percentile modifications of body weight. Data of 77 athletes, in relation to the serum potassium, had been evaluated separately in a descriptive form. Six athletes (6,7%) had presented euhydrated or superhydrated to the end of the test, 50 athletes had dehydrated from 0 to 3% (56,2%), 29 from 3 to 6 % (32,6%) and 4 athletes (4,5%) had dehydrated more than 6%. It had a trend to occur hyponatremia between those had dehydrated little or gained weight. The potassium had a behavior inside of the limits of normality in all sample. The conclusion is that the hydroelectrolytic disturbances (hyponatremia and dehydration) are incident in this sportive modality, being the superhydration the probable etiology of hyponatremia denoted by the gain or discrete losses of weight.
O Ironman é uma das variações da modalidade de triatlo e caracteriza-se por uma atividade de longa duração, constituída por 3,8 Km de natação, 180 Km de ciclismo e 42,2 Km de corrida, na qual o atleta exercita-se em média por cerca de 13 horas. Neste contexto o atleta exposto a tal carga de esforço e adversidades ambientais experimenta alterações orgânicas agudas em seus sistemas biológicos, inclusive distúrbios hidroeletrolíticos. O objetivo deste estudo é descrever as alterações hídricas e eletrolíticas encontradas em atletas de triatlo Ironman nos anos de 2002 a 2005. Com este intuito 109 atletas voluntários foram avaliados antes e após a prova, sendo submetidos a análise sangüínea dos eletrólitos sódio e potássio e pesagem de massa corpórea. Os dados do sódio sérico de 89 atletas foram correlacionadas com o percentual de desidratação e alterações percentuais de peso corporal. Dados de 77 atletas, quanto ao potássio sérico, foram avaliados isoladamente de uma forma descritiva. A análise estatística consistiu de uma parte descritiva, com a determinação das estatísticas descritivas básicas, e de uma parte inferencial, que estudou a significância estatística da correlação entre os resultados dos exames. Seis atletas (6,7%) apresentaram-se euhidratados ou superhidratados ao final da prova, 50 atletas desidrataram de 0 a 3% (56,2%), 29 de 3 a 6 % (32,6%) e 4 atletas (4,5%) desidrataram mais que 6%. Houve uma tendência a ocorrer hiponatremia, uma das mais preocupantes alterações hidroeletrolíticas, entre aqueles que desidrataram menos ou ganharam peso. O potássio teve um comportamento dentro dos limites da normalidade em toda amostra. Conclui-se que os distúrbios hidroelétrolíticos são incidentes nesta modalidade esportiva, e a superhidratação, evidenciada pelo ganho ou perdas discretas de peso, é a etiologia provável da hiponatremia.
Rio, Camila Lazaro. "Lesões dermatológicas em triatletas de longa duração (ironman)". Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2013. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/266.
Pełny tekst źródłaCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
This study aims to identify the main dermatological lesions on long-term triathletes (Ironman) who participated in the race in May 2012. This is a descriptive and exploratory research with a population of 2,000, the sample composed of athletes who were seen at the Physiotherapy tents, put together on the race day, composed of the first 100 attendance by the researcher, equivalent to 14%. In general, approximately 40% of the athletes who complete the race are seen by a Physiotherapy team, 20% of athletes who finish the race are seen by the medical staff; 5-7% end up not finishing the race. Approximately 800 athletes circulated by the Physiotherapy tent, 350 athletes in the medical field, and 150 athletes did not finish the race. According to the attendance, 85 athletes were male and 15 female, 20 athletes occupied ratings among the top 50 overall, 9 were between 51-100, 15 athletes between 101-200; 56 athletes 201-800 . 81% of athletes had confirmed the use of sunscreen before the training, but without replacement when the trainings were long. 59% had spots on the skin. In foot injuries the frequency was: callosities 32%, nails 60%, bubbles 90%. Considering the exposure of the athletes to the diversity of physical agents (solar radiation, humidity, temperature, air); mechanical agents (bicycle, clothes, shoes, helmet, etc..); Training time (20-30 hours per week), and other agents, triathlon athletes of long term should conduct periodic visits to the dermatologist and so follow the guidelines to not aggravate the lesions that will be vulnerable during training.
Este estudo tem como propósito Identificar as principais lesões dermatológicas em triatletas de longa duração (IRONMAN) que participaram da prova em maio de 2012. Trata-se de uma pesquisa que apresenta características descritiva e exploratória com uma população de 2000, a amostra foi composta pelos atletas que foram atendidos nas tendas de Fisioterapia, montadas no dia da prova, composta pelos 100 primeiros atendimentos pela pesquisadora, equivalente a 14%. Em geral, Aproximadamente 40% dos atletas que completam a prova são atendidos pela equipe de Fisioterapia; 20% dos atletas que terminam a prova são atendidos pela equipe Médica; 5 a 7% acabam não concluindo a prova. Circularam pela tenda de Fisioterapia aproximadamente de 800 atletas; 350 atletas na área médica; e 150 atletas que não completaram a prova. De acordo com os atendimentos, 85 atletas eram do sexo masculino e 15 do sexo feminino; 20 atletas ocuparam classificações entre os 50 primeiros lugares no geral; 9 ficaram entre 51 a 100; 15 atletas entre 101 a 200; 56 atletas de 201 a 800. 81% dos atletas confirmaram o uso de protetor solar antes dos treinamentos, mas sem reposição quando os treinos eram longos. 59% apresentaram manchas na pele. Nas lesões do pé a frequência foi: calosidade 32%, unhas 60%, bolhas 90%. Considerando a exposição dos atletas as diversidades dos agentes físicos (radiações solares, umidade, temperatura, ar); agentes mecânicos (bicicleta, roupa, calçado, capacete, etc.); tempo de treinamento (20 a 30 horas semanais); e outros agentes, atletas do triatlo de longa duração devem realizar visitas periódicas ao dermatologista e assim seguir as orientações para não agravar as lesões que estarão vulneráveis durante os treinamentos.
Drew, Nichola. "Exercise-associated muscle cramping (EAMC) in Ironman triathletes". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/7428.
Pełny tekst źródłaExercise-associated muscle cramping (EAMC) is a common condition of spontaneous, painful skeletal muscle spasms that occur in exercising muscles during exercise or in the immediate post-exercise period. There is a high prevalence in endurance athletes, including ultra-distance triathletes. The exact cause for this condition has not been defined but various hypotheses have been proposed. Over the last decade the ""fatigue hypothesis"" has received most of the support in the scientific literature. Evidence from animal experiments, clinical studies on endurance athletes and situational information, suggest that neuromuscular fatigue may precede the increased neuromuscular excitability leading to EAMC. The objective of this research study was to identify factors associated with EAMC in endurance triathletes in an attempt to further elucidate the aetiology. Triathletes competing in the 2006 South African lronman triathlon were recruited as subjects in a prospective cohort study. A total of 44 triathletes made up the cramping group and 166 the non-cramping group. A detailed questionnaire, including information on training, personal best performances and a cramping history was completed by both groups of triathletes. Full clinical data was also collected from both groups. This included pre-and post race body weights, and pre- and post-race serum electrolyte concentrations. The main findings of the study were that the two independent risk factors for EAMC in these triathletes were a faster overall race time (and cycling time), and a past history of cramping (in the last 10 races). Results showed that EAMC was correlated with faster overall and cycle section times. The athletes who had experienced cramps in this event not only achieved taster race times but also predicted faster times, despite similarly matched preparation and performance histories as those who did not cramp. A higher intensity of racing would thus be required by these athletes, predisposing them to premature fatigue. The results thus agree with the ""fatigue hypothesis"" as an aetiological mechanism for EAMC. This study also showed no correlation between EAMC and changes in hydration status or changes in serum electrolyte concentration. This study thus adds to the evidence against disturbances in hydration and electrolyte balance as causes for cramping in exercise and further focuses attention on neuromuscular fatigue as a possible primary factor.
Gandt, Marie de. "Ironies romantiques : Schlegel - Stendhal". Paris 8, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA082426.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn Iena, at the beginning of the XIXth century, Friedrich Schlegel defined a romantic irony that would be the principle of literature. At the end of the XXth century, romantic irony stands for literature as an absolute. Under the critical layers that covered them, Schlegel’s writings reveal another version of romantic irony, hence, of modernity. Romanticism is reinscribed in History and in the space of European thought. The Ienaean philosophy built irony against the “esprit” of the XVIIIth century French philosophers. In France, Stendhal acknowledges the loss of Ancient Régime laughter and the beginning of a sad comic, sign of a divided subject. In his novels, he played upon the various representations of irony and practiced a unique narrative irony : the novel gains the features of a subject that can go through time and recreate an ideal community. Romantic irony names the representation of the subject and the vision of the world through which the novel constitutes the form of thought
Lichaba, Mamosilo. "Upper respiratory tract symptoms and allergies in Ironman triathletes". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/2758.
Pełny tekst źródłaTriathletes, in particular Ironman triathletes, undergo intense training and compete in a very physically demanding race. Medical conditions in the pre-race period in these triathletes have not been well documented, but there is evidence form other endurance sports that symptoms of respiratory tract infection are particularly common. However, the prevalence, causes and consequences of these symptoms have not been studied in Ironman triathletes. The aims of this study were: 1) to determine the incidence of respiratory tract symptoms (RTS) in triathletes preparing for an Ironman Triathlon, 2) to establish the factors associated with the development of these RTS, and 3) to determine the effects of the RTS on pre-race training and race performance. Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 304 triathletes entering the 2006 Ironman triathlon in South Africa were recruited as subjects. All the subjects completed a validated questionnaire in the 1-3 days before the race (during registration). The questionnaire contained sections on demographics, training and previous competitions, common general medical conditions that they may have experienced, and a detailed section pertaining to RTS and allergies, including use of medication. Data on race performance was collected after completion of the race. Subjects were divided into the following groups, based on their self-reported history of RTS in the 6 weeks period prior to the race: no RTS, all RTS, only upper respiratory tract symptoms (URTS), lower respiratory tract and/or systemic symptoms (LRT +SS).
Assmann, Alex. "Pädagogik und Ironie /". Wiesbaden : VS, Verl. für Sozialwiss, 2008. http://d-nb.info/987655701/04.
Pełny tekst źródłaAßmann, Alex. "Pädagogik und Ironie". Wiesbaden VS, Verl. für Sozialwiss, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-90955-4.
Pełny tekst źródłaHugo, Daniel. "Psychological correlates of injury, illness and performance in Ironman triathletes". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26543.
Pełny tekst źródłaAndersson, Tomas. "Spiderman, Ironman samt en och annan hamster : Förskolebarns subjektskapande i actionlek". Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för pedagogik och didaktik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-58397.
Pełny tekst źródłaLemos, Roberto Melo de. "Atletas de Ironman apresentam variação de peso significativa antes da prova". Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2008. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/389.
Pełny tekst źródłaCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The Ironman Triathlon consists in 3,8km of swimming, 180 km of cycling followed by 42,2 km of running, lasting an average of 12 hours. The extended exposition to the environmental factors, which the heat and humidity add more difficulty to the maintenance of the thermal equilibrium, brings a considerable dehydration by sweating. These values vary from 1 to 2 L/h. Therefore, it is important to estimate these losses in order to provide proper strategies to the races organizers and athletes themselves, as for the consumption of liquids and electrolytes during the race. The weighting before and after the race has been the method more useful to evaluate these hydric losses. However, it is important to note that not all the weight loss during an ultradistance triathlon reflects a truth fluid deficit. Some authors have suggested that absolute weight loss during an endurance race overestimates the actual fluid deficit. Indeed, 1 to 2 kg is likely to be lost from sources other than fluid, including the fat metabolism and carbohydrate reserves and intracellular water release associated with stored glycogen. The aim of this study is to describe the eletrolitic and hydric alteration found in athletes competing in the Ironman Brasil, held in Florianópolis, SC, Brasil, in the year of 2006 and the potential correction at these values. Data were collected with 26 athletes, which were weighted 15 days, 7 days and 2 days before the race, immediately before and after the race. It was also evaluated the body composition using skinfold technique 7 and 2 days before the race. The serum electrolytes analyses (Na and K) was done before and after the event. The positive weight variation at the days before the race was statistically significant at the 48 hours before the race start (t = -8,00) with an average of weight increase of 1,180 kg. The average weight loss by the sample group was of 3,023 kg, which represents an average of 4,23%. The Na concentration increased an average of 2,416 mEq (1,73%). The average values of K of 4,7 mEq/l before the race, and 4,49 mEq/l after the race, were not statistically significant. The results show that when the correction factor was applied, the percentage of subjects that were dehydrated, dropped considerable from 88,4 % to 46,15%. But none of these with a serious dehydration. This, against 7 or 26,26 % qualified as that, without the correction factor. There was a weak correlation between the final Na concentration and the weight loss (r = 0,263) and p= 0,195. It is concluded that there was a positive variation at the weight before the race. This evidence the glycogen and water stored at the muscle. Therefore, this extra weight does not contribute to the dehydration during the race.
O triathlon Ironman consiste em percorrer 3,8 km de natação, 180 km de ciclismo, seguidos de 42,2 km de corrida, com duração média de doze horas. A exposição prolongada aos fatores ambientais, dos quais o calor e a umidade trazem mais dificuldade para a manutenção do equilíbrio térmico, leva a uma substancial perda hídrica pelo suor, com taxas variando de 1 a 2 L/h. Portanto, é importante estimar estas perdas para prover estratégias corretas para organizadores e atletas quanto ao consumo de líquidos e eletrólitos durante a prova. A pesagem antes e após a prova tem sido o método mais aplicável para avaliar estas perdas hídricas. É importante observar, porém, que nem toda perda de peso no triathlon de longa duração reflete a verdade sobre e perda de líquidos. Alguns autores sugerem que a perda de peso absoluta durante uma prova de endurance superestima a perda líquida. De fato, 1 a 2 kg parecem ser perdidos de outras fontes que não fluidos, incluindo metabolismo da gordura e reservas de carboidrato e liberação de água intracelular associada ao glicogênio armazenado. O objetivo deste estudo é descrever as alterações hídricas e eletrolíticas encontradas em atletas no Ironman Brasil em Florianópolis no ano de 2006 e a possível correção destes valores. Com este intuito 26 atletas foram pesados 15,7 e 2 dias antes da prova, imediatamente antes e após a realização da mesma. Também foi feita avaliação da composição corporal através de dobras cutâneas 7 e 2 dias antes da prova. A análise de eletrólitos (Na e K) sangüíneos foi feita antes e após o evento. A variação positiva de peso ocorrida nos dias que antecederam a prova foi significativa nas 48 horas que antecederam a largada (t = -8,00) com um ganho médio de peso de 1,180 kg. O peso médio perdido pelo grupo foi de 3,023 kg que representa uma média de 4,23%. A concentração de Na aumentou na média 2,416 mEq (1,73%). Os valores médios de K de 4,7 mEq/l antes da prova e 4,49 mEq/l após a prova não obtiveram variação significativa. Os resultados mostraram que ao se aplicar o fator de correção o percentual de sujeitos que estariam desidratados baixou consideravelmente de 88,4 % para 46,15% sendo que destes nenhum com desidratação séria contra 7 ou 26,26 % assim classificados sem a correção. Houve correlação fraca entre o a concentração de Na final de a variação de peso (r = 0,263) e p= 0,195. Concluiu-se que houve uma variação positiva no peso pré-prova. Isto evidenciou o acúmulo de glicogênio e água estocados no músculo. Desta maneira, esse peso extra não contribui para a avaliação da desidratação durante a prova.
Bjarnason, Pétur Sturla, i Lind Freyjudóttir. "Kartläggning av Ironman de senaste 15 åren : Könsskillnader och elitens utveckling". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för idrottsvetenskap (ID), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-65282.
Pełny tekst źródłaWahlstrand, Martin. "Pulsmätning som ett sätt att studera pacing under cykelmomentet i Ironman triathlon". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för idrottsvetenskap (ID), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-73742.
Pełny tekst źródłaBackground: In order to succeed in an Ironman it is necessary to have a strategy on how to dispose your energy during the 8-16 hour race. This is called pacing or pacing strategy and is the self-selected effort that can help the competitor to optimize their performance. Based on heart rate measurement, this is particularly interesting during the 180 km cycle section, where drafting is not allowed.Aim: The aim of this investigation was to study pacing in Ironman thriathlon. Is there a relationship between the competitors intensity and biketime and did those who had smaller variation in intensity achieved a better biketime?Method: 22 competitive triathletes undertook a test to find out their HRmax. In conjunction with Ironman Kalmar 2016 the participants HR-data was registered with heartrate monitors and the data was then analyzed in order to determine the participants mean intensity and variation in intensity. These factors were used to understand pacing based on the participants heartrate and correlated to biketimes for each participant. Results: Average intensity for the participants was 140 ±9.2 bpm and the results show no significanct correlation between biketime and either the intensity chosen by the competitor or the variation in intensity. However, there was a trend towards significance for the intensity vs biketime, p = 0.066. Conclusion: This study was unable to determine the effect of pacing due to the selected intensity within the group was too large to clearly study the importance of intensity for performance during the cycle part of an IronMan and further studies are required.
Goldfeder, Ricardo Teixeira. "Comportamento da creatina kinase em participantes de provas de triatlo Ironman; triatlo". Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2010. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/458.
Pełny tekst źródłaCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Introduction: The serum concentration of creatine kinase (CK) is important for the diagnosis of certain diseases and clinical evaluation of athletes, but there are contradictory studies about the influence of individual characteristics in this concentration. Furthermore, the benchmarks may not be suitable for athletes Objective: To compare the CK levels of triathletes with the current benchmarks, and the influence of weight, lean mass, age, gender and exercise time in serum CK after exercise Methodology: They were invited to participate in the study triathletes entered in Ironman events, Florianópolis / SC, from 2003 to 2007. From 2003 to 2006, the sample was random, and the athletes had blood collected 2 days before the competition and soon after completing it. In 2007, the sample consisted of athletes from one team in Florianopolis, who had blood collected in five periods: 14 days and two days before the competition, soon after, 8 and 15 days later. In 2007, along with blood, were collected weight and skin folds. Could not participate in the study subjects using drugs in the class of statins. Results: Participated in all stages of research 96 athletes, 83 male. These showed CK before the test (CK1) 184 + 104.4 U / L and after the race (CK2) 2473 + 2181.7 U / L. Women had CK1 128 + 49.2 U / L and 1728 + CK2 923.7 U / L. All other biochemical markers measured increased significantly after the race: CK-MB, BUN, creatinine, LDH, myoglobin and hematocrit. In the 2007 review, we found that only after proof CK was different among the five times of collection. Correlation analysis showed significant correlation (p <0.05) only with CK2 and CK1 and myoglobin post-trial, and there were no significant correlation with body weight, lean body mass, race time and age. Conclusion: The reference values for the population are not suitable for the evaluation of triathletes at rest, and therefore should be reviewed. The age, lean body mass, weight and test time are not decisive in the CK, and high levels can not be explained by hemoconcentration or renal dysfunction, at least in the majority. Regarding gender, women showed lower levels of CK before the competition, but after the competition this difference was not significant.
Introdução: A concentração sérica de Creatina Kinase (CK) é importante para o diagnóstico de algumas doenças e avaliação clínica de atletas, mas há contradições na literatura sobre a influência de características individuais nesta concentração. Além disso, os valores de referência podem não ser adequados para atletas Objetivo: Comparar os níveis de CK de triatletas com os valores de referência atuais, e verificar a influência do peso, massa magra, idade, gênero e tempo de esforço na concentração sérica de CK após o exercício Metodologia: Foram convidados a participar do estudo triatletas inscritos nas provas de Ironman, em Florianópolis/SC, de 2003 a 2007. De 2003 a 2006, a amostra foi aleatória, e os atletas tiveram o sangue coletado 2 dias antes da competição e logo após completar a mesma. No ano de 2007, a amostra foi constituída por atletas de uma equipe de Florianópolis/SC, que tiveram o sangue coletado em 5 momentos: 14 dias e 2 dias antes da competição; logo após; 8 e 15 dias depois. Em 2007, além de sangue, foram coletadas as medidas de peso corporal e dobras cutâneas. Não puderam participar do estudo os indivíduos utilizando medicamentos da classe das estatinas. Resultados: Participaram de todas as etapas da pesquisa 96 atletas, sendo 83 do sexo masculino. Estes apresentaram CK antes da prova (CK1) 184 + 104,4 U/L e após a prova (CK2) 2473 + 2181,7 U/L. As mulheres apresentaram CK1 128 + 49,2 U/L e CK2 1728 + 923,7 U/L.Todos os outros marcadores bioquímicos avaliados aumentaram significativamente após a prova: CK-MB, uréia, creatinina, LDH, mioglobina e hematócrito. Na análise de 2007, constatamos que apenas após a prova a CK era diferente entre os 5 momentos de coleta. As análises de correlação mostraram correlação significativa (p<0,05) da CK2 apenas com CK1 e mioglobina pós-prova, e não houve correlação significativa com peso corporal, massa magra, tempo de prova e idade. Conclusão: Os valores de referência para a população não são adequados para a avaliação de triatletas em repouso, e por isso devem ser revistos. A idade, massa magra, peso e tempo de prova não são determinantes nos níveis de CK, e níveis elevados não podem ser justificados por hemoconcentração ou disfunção renal, na maior parte dos atletas. Com relação ao gênero, as mulheres apresentaram níveis mais baixos de CK antes da competição, mas após a competição esta diferença não foi significativa.
Schwabe, Karen. "Achilles tendon ultrasound findings in triathletes before and after the ironman triathlon". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/2764.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe aim of this prospective cohort study therefoew was to assess the morphological and blood flow changes in the Achille tendons of triathletes competing in the 2006 South African Ironman Triathlon.
abstract
Bartolomeo, Kimberly M. "Habitual and competitive dietary practices of triathletes competing in a half-ironman triathlon". Virtual Press, 2004. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1306383.
Pełny tekst źródłaDepartment of Family and Consumer Sciences
De, Milander Liesl. "Genetic factors associated with performance and exercise-associated weight loss in Ironman triathletes". Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10372.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe aim of this thesis was to investigate candidate genes, mainly within the CNS, that may contribute to the variation in physiological responses (body weight changes) and athletic ability between athletes during participation in a 226 km Ironman triathlon. A genetic association approach was used in case-control studies to identify specific sequence variants within selected candidate genes. These candidate genes (IL-6, 5-HTT and MAO-A) were selected based on the biological function of their encoded proteins, which have been implicated in peripheral and central fatigue models. Candidate genes (5-HTT and AVPR2) that encode for proteins that play key roles in the neuro-endocrine control of total body water homeostasis were also investigated in this thesis.
Duquesne-Delattre, Charlotte. "Transformation chimique des cycloiridals en irones". Bordeaux 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR12549.
Pełny tekst źródłaSchneider, André. "Die Ironie in Gottfried Kellers „Sinngedicht“". Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philosophische Fakultät II, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16915.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn Keller’s last novella cycle, social conditions in the German-speaking world and stereotypical representatives of various social levels from that time are subliminally criticized through the far-ranging use of irony. Examples of ironic speech are coupled with moments of narrative irony and appear to be closely connected to the character motif of the Eccentric, which occurs repeatedly in “Sinngedicht”. Therefore, this analysis focuses especially on the male representatives of the narratively orchestrated social order, whose ironic treatment is often only noticeable upon closer examination. Taking into account Preisendanz’s understandable juxtaposition of Keller’s poetry with bourgeois humor, poetic analysis nevertheless leaves an impression of irony, a precise analysis of which has wanted until now. Thus, this work is a broadening of the classification of Keller’s work in the category of bourgeois humor. Additionally to the focus on the aforementioned social critique, there follows the topical analysis of ironic sequences on the subject of gender relations, which Amrein, Bischof, and Rácz have also recently examined. Since ironic elements seem to play a not unsubstantial role in character dialogues – especially at the level of the framing story between the two main characters, Reinhart and Lucie – linguistic theory is also used in the analysis of verbally ironic units. This follows the approach of Preukschat, who used linguistic methods to provide a clear examination of literary works in his monograph ‘Akt des Ironisierens’ (2007). In this way, the interplay between verbal and epic irony, which can be understood as a specific poetical device of this novella cycle, can be traced.
Joiner, Alexander Jason. "Time course of performance changes and fatigue markers during training for the ironman triathlon". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005212.
Pełny tekst źródłaZervou, Alexandra K. "Parodie et ironie : le comique chez Homère". Paris 10, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA100290.
Pełny tekst źródłaStolf, Serge. "Ironie et discours chez Leon Battista Alberti". Grenoble 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE39033.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis essay considers the works of l. B. Alberti, written in latin and in "volgare". First, it looks at irony following the way of the "intertextualite". Moreover, the irony calls in question the omniscient certitudes of universal speechs (metaphysical speech and speech of the reason). Lastly, the irony, considered as dialogue, underlines the necessary and difficult confrontation of learnings, but it can also assume the dubious status, between dissimulation and cynicism, of a free speech that eludes social and political sanctions
Zervou, Alexandra K. "Ironie et parodie : le comique chez Homère /". Athēna : Bibliopōleio tēs 'Estias, 1990. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb356151730.
Pełny tekst źródłaBOANADA, VANESSA DE CASTRO. "POST-MODERNITY IRONIES: INDIGENOUS MOVEMENTS STRATEGIES OF INTERNATIONAL LITIGATION". PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2009. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=14091@1.
Pełny tekst źródłaA dissertação Ironias da Pós-modernidade: A ação estratégica de movimentos indígenas através do litígio internacional apresenta, a partir do conceito de conflito da teoria social de Niklas Luhmann, um estudo de caso sobre a ação internacional de uma tribo indígena desde a origem local do conflito até sua transposição a fóruns internacionais com a formação de redes de solidariedade. Trata-se do estudo do caso do Povo Sarayaku, no Equador, que resiste há 30 anos à exploração petrolífera em seu território ancestral e que logrou transpor suas demandas ao Sistema Interamericano de Direitos Humanos. O estudo evidencia a utilização estratégica de procedimentos e de mobilização social na forma de movimentos de protesto como mecanismos específicos de contenção do risco de um conflito aberto e generalizado. Finalmente, o estudo tem como objetivo observar os efeitos destes mecanismos em ralação às expectativas iniciais do referido povo.
The dissertation Post-modernity ironies: Indigenous movements strategies of international litigation shows, drawing from the concept of conflict on Niklas Luhmann social theory, a case study on the protests of an indigenous tribe, from the beginning of the conflict, since its local origins, until the its internationalization, with the formation of nets of solidarity. The case under analysis refers to the Sarayaku People, in Ecuador, which have been resisting for almost 30 years against oil exploitation in its ancestral land and has been successful in taking its protest to the Inter-American System of Human Rights. The study highlights the strategic use of procedures and social mobilization (taking the form of protest movement) as mechanisms for the contention of the risks of a generalized and open conflict. Finally, the study intends to observe the effects of those mechanisms in relation to the original expectations of the Sarayaku People.
Dussaux, Gaétan. "Ironweb - construction collective de bases de connaissances sur internet". INSA de Rouen, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ISAM0004.
Pełny tekst źródłaPearson, Luc. "Autoreprésentation et ironie dans L'expérience interdite d'Ook Chung". Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30114/30114.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaTanti, Rose-Marie. "Hémisynthèse des irones à partir de rhizomes d'iris". Aix-Marseille 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX30050.
Pełny tekst źródłaNeiertz, Patrick. "Lumières Obliques (Ironie et dialogues au XVIIIe siècle)". Thesis, Paris 4, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA040214.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe rhetorics of Irony in Enlightenment’s written dialogues are no mere by-products of the then prevalent social mode of conversational interplay. Their careful perusal indicates that Irony and Humour were instrumental in the vast reshuffling of moral values, religious and political obedience, aesthetic codes, social behaviours that are a legacy of the period. This dissertation focuses on the four main literary areas where dialogical Irony plays an active role in textual topics: parody, comedy, philosophical dialogue and libertine novels. The hypothesis here offered is that ironic subversion is mostly aimed at mental and behavioural compliances made consensual during the Classical period, i.e.: politeness and “honesty” as paramount signs of social fitness; exaltation of the dramatic sublime as benchmark for excellence in Tragedy; allegory and propriety in the written rendition of love-making; linkage of social hardships to individual violation of Christian rules and not to collective/institutional failures; etc
Berendes, Jochen. "Ironie - Komik - Skepsis Studien zum Werk Adalbert Stifters". Tübingen Niemeyer, 2005. http://d-nb.info/992585538/04.
Pełny tekst źródłaSitcawich, Sumiko Otsubo. "Eugenics in imperial Japan: some ironies of modernitym, 1883-1945". The Ohio State University, 1998. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1251227553.
Pełny tekst źródłaPayne, Phillip Gene. "Modernity Lost: Ironton, Ohio, In Industrial and Post-Industrial America". The Ohio State University, 1994. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1392657460.
Pełny tekst źródłaSitcawich, Sumiko Otsubo. "Eugenics in Imperial Japan : some ironies of modernity, 1883-1945 /". The Ohio State University, 1998. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487952208105178.
Pełny tekst źródłaRanade, Ashutosh M. "Load Rating for the Critical Components of Ironton-Russell Bridge". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1504782535042068.
Pełny tekst źródłaBaxter, Peter. "Clinical and immunological factors associated with post-race upper respiratory tract symptoms (URTS) in Ironman triathletes". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/2743.
Pełny tekst źródłaUltra-endurance events, in particular Ironman Triathlons, are physically very demanding for the competitors. There is a large body of evidence showing the Upper Respitory Tract Symptoms (URTS) are very common in athletes in the 2-week period after such an event. However, there is no definitive explanation as t the exact cause of mechanism for the development of post-race URTS. The aims of this study were: (1) to determine the incidence of post-race URTS in triathletes competing in an Ironman Triathlon; (2) to identify clinical and immunological factors that are associated with the development of post-race URTS in these triathletes. In this prospective cohort study, 99 triathletes entering the 2006 South African Ironman Triathlon were recruited as subjects. All the subjects completed a validated questionnaire in the one to three days before the race (during registration). The questionnaire contrained sections on demographics, training history and previous performances, common general medical conditions that they may have experienced, and a detailed section pertaining to respiratory tracgt symptoms (RTS) and allergies. At registration, each subject had a blood sample taken for analysis of cytokines representing mainly a TH1 response (IL-2, and IL-12) (cell mediated immunity) and a TH2 response (IL-4, IL-6, IL-10) (humoral immunity), as well as a saliva sample (for salivary α-amylase, cortisol and IgA concentrations). Collection of blood and saliva samples was repeated immediately post-race. Data regarding race performance was collected within one week after completion of the race.
Ah, Kun Maresa. "The association of the AVPR2 gene with serum sodium and water imbalances during an Ironman Triathlon". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/2774.
Pełny tekst źródłaIt is well documented that participation in ultra-endurance events such as the Ironman Triathlon, can be associated with the development of post-race water and sodium imbalances in athletes. Variants within genes that encode for proteins that regulate thirst have been shown to be associated with weight changes during participation in an Ironman Triathlon. Recent evidence of mutations within the arginine vasopressin 2 receptor (AVPR2) gene, which encodes a constitutively active receptor in the collecting tubules of the kidney, resulted in increased water reabsorption and hyponatraemia in two unrelated male infants. This suggests that serum imbalances and hydration status in individuals participating in an endurance event may also be, in part, controlled by variants withink the AVPR2 gene. The aim of this study was to investigate whether polymorphisms within the AVPR2 gene are associated with exercise-associated serum sodium and/or water imbalances in triathletes who particpated in the 2006 South African Ironman Triathlon.
Gouws, Eugene. "Audio Signal Processing in Ironman A development of film music analysis from a perspective of music technology". Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/63617.
Pełny tekst źródłaMini Dissertation (MMus)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
Music
MMus
Unrestricted
Stafford, Laurien. "Les ironies classique et moderne dans Récits de Médilhault d'Anne Legault". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ55796.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaTimilsina, Parashmani. "Truck Load Testing and Adjusted Load Rating of Ironton Russell Bridge". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1574417628832757.
Pełny tekst źródłaChedly, Samia. "Ecriture et ironie maghrébines : le cas de Driss Chrai͏̈bi". Lyon 2, 2000. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2000/chedly_s.
Pełny tekst źródłaChauvin-Vileno, Andrée. "Ironie et intertextualité dans certains récits de Georges Perec". Besançon, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BESA1017.
Pełny tekst źródłaVegehan-Marshall, Cécile. "Poésie, politique et ironie dans l'oeuvre de Tony Harrison". Bordeaux 3, 2007. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01526177.
Pełny tekst źródłaSince the 1970s, Tony Harrison has constantly played with expectations and relished paradoxes. His poetry, like irony, his favourite mode of writing, defies categories. It is both iconoclastic and traditionalist, popular and elitist, self-conscious and public, inclusive and exclusive. Starting his career with the translation and modernisation of dramatic classics, he has made his mark in the poetic canon with his appropriation of the sonnet form. Half-way between resistance and rebellion, homage and originality, he confronts poetic language with theories of cultural hegemony, and invites the outmoded scholarship boy debate into Thatcherist Britain. In his quest for public poetry, he appropriates non-conformist media and cultural venues. While blurring the traditional distinctions between poetry, theatre and cinema, between art and reportage, Tony Harrison imposes rhymes and strict poetic forms, thus paradoxically appearing to be the most traditional of contemporary English poets. He revives Greek tragedy so that poetry might survive the traumas of the twentieth century, but demonstrates an irrepressible tendency for irony. Thus, he endows the theatrical performance with a ritual quality while, at the same time, debunking the artificiality of poetic language. Tony Harrison’s poetry exhibits texts, poets, languages, dialects and idiolects to celebrate the pleasures of poetry
Teissier, Catherine. "Satire, ironie et esthétique subversive dans l'oeuvre d'Irmtraud Morgner". Aix-Marseille 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX10103.
Pełny tekst źródłaChedly, Samia Bonn Charles. "Ecriture et ironie maghrébines le cas de Driss Chraïbi /". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2000. http://demeter.univ-lyon2.fr:8080/sdx/theses/lyon2/2000/chedly_s.
Pełny tekst źródłaSaliba, Isabelle. "La logique de l'ironie". Paris, EHESS, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995EHES0306.
Pełny tekst źródłaProceeding from the classical conception of irony as an antiphrasis, we suggest to replace it in an illocutary vista : as a substitute for the notion of contrary (considered either as antonymical operation or as negation of propositions), we introduce the notion of "disengagement", which consistis - for the same propositional content - in replacing the non-tropological force of "quasi-assertion" by a specific tropological attitude of "mined adhesion", symbolically represented by an "irony mark". The main technique consists in analysing an explicit complete statement as a system of propositional components (explicit or implicit), each bearing a certain illocutary force. The transition from the non-tropological interpretation to the ironical one amounts then to replace, for some of these components - but not necessarily all of them - the quasi-assertion by the irony mark. This notion of quasi-assertion obviously regroups differents modes of delivery : assertions, presuppositions, implications. . . ; those differences are marked by the adding of "over-components", determined by the origin of the components. To explain the coexistence, for a same statement, of a non-tropological sense with an ironical interpretation, the classical way is to assign the ironical sense to the real speaker (l) and the other one to a fictitious speaker (l'). Sperber and wilson consider that l'is mentioned by l+ ducrot describes l'as a "voice", distinct of the one of l, but sharing in the same polyphonic concert. Our interpretation is that l'is a "naive double" of l : the ironist mimes himself, bearing a certain naivety while providing some clues to the audience so that the latter succeeds in inderstanding the irony. We confront then this difinition of irony with some concepts like humour, raillery and endly fiction
Klapisch, Coline. "L'ironie dans le discours fictionnel". Paris, EHESS, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985EHES0001.
Pełny tekst źródłaMille, Stéphane. "Synthèse totale de la (+ ou -)-cis-y-irone : essais d'application à la préparation de la (+)-cis-y-irone". Le Mans, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LEMA1005.
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