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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Iran 2022 protest"
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Filin, Nikita A., i Alexander S. Khodunov. "Protest Movement in Iran in 2022: A Test for Political Stability". Asia and Africa today, nr 7 (15.12.2024): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s032150750031365-3.
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The article analyzes protest activity in Iran in the autumn of 2022. The 2022 protests turned out to be unprecedented in the entire post-revolutionary history of Iran, both in scale and in the radicalism of demands and probably by the number of victims. The active phase of the protests lasted about two months, and the most active group of protesters were secular-minded women who demanded the abolition of Islamic restrictions on clothing. The protests brought together representatives of a variety of social groups, from students and the middle class to urban workers and national and religious minorities, especially Sunni Muslims (Kurds and Baluchis). The authorities were able to take control of the situation through various measures (forceful actions and, subsequently, a broad amnesty in honor of the anniversary of the Islamic Revolution) and flatly refused to make concessions to the protesters. Currently, the situation in Iran is relatively calm due to improving economic dynamics, but protests in the coming years are quite possible.
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Filin, Nikita A., Vladimir O. Koklikov i Alexander S. Khodunov. "MASS PROTESTS IN IRAN IN THE AUTUMN OF 2022. FACTORS, DYNAMICS, REACTION OF THE AUTHORITIES". RSUH/RGGU Bulletin. Series Political Sciences. History. International Relations 4, nr 3 (2023): 332–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-6339-2023-4-332-346.
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The protests in the autumn of 2022 began after the death of the Kurdish woman Mahsa Amini, for which the opposition blamed the Islamic regime’s morality police. The initial demands for the abolition of the morality police very quickly gave way to radical demands for the elimination of the Islamic regime and the resignation of the Supreme Leader. The protests quickly spread to hundreds of cities and villages in all provinces of the country. Up to 2 million people took part in them. The protests were emphatically secular in nature, and the main slogan of the protesters was the slogan “Woman, life, freedom”. By and large, the mass protests in the autumn of 2022 proved to be the most intense, radical and bloody since the Islamic revolution, as the regime officials themselves admit. Despite the fact that the regime was able hold on, there are the risks of recurrence of similar mass actions in the coming years. If Iran manages to reach an agreement with the United States to lift sanctions, it will have a positive impact on economic development, but political reasons for discontent will remain. Therefore, Iran needs serious domestic political and economic reforms. The protest movement in Iran is in many ways similar to the mass protests in the Arab East during the Arab Spring, which indicates similar socio-political issues.
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Dunaeva, Elena, Nina Mamedova i Vladimir Sazhin. "IRAN: PROBLEMS AND PROTESTS". Eastern Analytics 13, No 4 (2022) (2022): 9–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.31696/2227-5568-2022-04-009-030.
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This paper analyzes the causes, course, driving forces, modus operandi, and goals of the September-November 2022 protest movement in Iran following the death of a girl detained by the patrol guidance police for wearing an inappropriate hijab. A comparison is made between the ongoing protests and the opposition movements of previous years. The article begins with a brief analysis of the economic situation in the country during the first year of President Raisi's government, and reveals the main problems of economic development. The authors proceed from the fact that the economic crisis as a result of the imposition of sanctions has not been overcome, despite the positive growth of the country's GDP in the last two years. The problems in the social and cultural sphere are exacerbated as a result of generational changes, and the limitations of political life as a result of the consolidation of power in the hands of radical conservative forces. Their attempts to increase control over the observance of Islamic norms of dress and behavior, bans on cultural events lead to increased discontent in Iranian society. Young generations are actively fighting for freedom of choice and the right to make their own decisions. Society's conflict potential is increasing, which threatens the existence of the Islamic Republic. The government's efforts to suppress the movements by force do not lead to their extinguishment, and the forms of protest are changing. While radical forces call for harsher reprisals against protesters, many politicians of both moderate conservative and liberal orientations call for public dialogue and reforms in order to solve the most serious problems and preserve the Islamic regime.
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Panwar, Kanika, i Vikas Kumar Sihag. "Protest Movements, Social Media, and the Role of Law Enforcement". International Journal of Information Systems and Social Change 14, nr 1 (1.01.2023): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijissc.314590.
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From the Iranian green movement (2009) through the London riots (2011) and the recent anti-hijab protests in Iran, protest movements have been accompanied by considerable social media activity globally. Social media users have been involved in the quick production and distribution of audio-visuals online with protest hashtags, rumors, and sometimes fabricated information. The impact of these movements demonstrates that social media can potentially play an important role in organizing large-scale socio-political events, posing a challenge for law enforcement agencies. This research aims to evaluate and analyze the use of social media for mass mobilization throughout significant protest movements from 2010 to 2022, as well as to investigate the use of social media as a tool by LEAs. This exploratory research examines the theoretical and empirical research on the use of social media for mass mobilization, social protests, and the involvement of law enforcement authorities. The discussion has shown that social media does not drive protest movements but offers momentum to them.
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Melnik, A. V. "The Current Socio-political and Legal Status of Iranian Women as a Factor in the Protest Movements of 2022–2023 in Iran". Koinon 4, nr 1-2 (2024): 96–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/koinon.2024.04.1.2.007.
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After the 1979 Islamic Revolution, Iranian women lost many of the rights granted during the Pahlavi dynasty. For more than 40 years, they have been following clearly defined norms and rules, and refuse to comply with it leads to sanctions, often serious (for example, stoning, arrest, etc.). All this time, Iranian women have been fighting for their rights, but their actions have not given noticeable results in politics. In September 2022, Maxa Amini died, who was arrested by the Iranian vice police for improperly wearing a hijab. This news shocked Iranian society, in particular its female part. In this regard, a wave of protest movements against police brutality swept through the country, as well as rallies for the advancement of women. The purpose of this article is to analyze the socio-political and legal situation of Iranian women as one of the key factors of the protest movements of 2022-2023. The basis of this research is primarily the analysis of news publications, as well as the works of such theorists as I. A. Popova, A.V. Mikhaleva, S. R. Mokhtari, N. M. Mammadova, S. de Beauvoir. This analysis made it possible to systematize the information and identify future trends in the development of the protest movement.
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Miri Ashtiani, Hadi. "The Rhymes of Zhina Movement; Content Analysis of Revolutionary and Protest Music of Iran 2022". Freedom of Thought Journal, nr 13 (czerwiec 2023): 75–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.53895/ftj1312.
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The Zhina movement that erupted following the death of Mahsa Zhina Amini, under custody for allegedly wearing her headscarf incorrectly, is Iran's most prolonged and pervasive movement since the 1979 revolution—repeatedly referred to as a revolution by the actors who participated in the movement as well as political analysts. This movement has had many cultural, social, and political influences. Music as a critical cultural manifestation, artistic self-expression, and an integral part of people's daily life both affected the movement and was impacted by it. This article takes a closer look at the protest and revolutionary songs published since the beginning of the Zhina movement in September 2022. Using a qualitative content analysis approach, it explores the contents published during the movement concerning meaning-making, collective imagination, and representation of Iran's social and political situation. Ten main themes were extracted, including oppression, resistance, the conflict between good and evil, the connection between previous social movements, representation of slogans, symbols, and victims, woman and embodiment, homeland, nations and ethnicities, religion, action request, and desired future vision.
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Lebedev, S. V. "The resilience of monarchies in the Greater Middle East: The lightning rod effect, crackdown on protest, and patrimonial links". Humanities and Social Sciences. Bulletin of the Financial University 12, nr 6 (25.02.2023): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/2226-7867-2022-12-6-103-108.
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The paper examines the factors that allowed the Greater Middle East monarchies to survive the protests known as the “Arab Spring”. The author considers the popular argument in scientific and media-political discourse about the culturally conditioned legitimacy of the Middle Eastern monarchies, and also presents several cases of successful anti-monarchist revolutions in the region (Egypt, Tunisia, Iraq, Iran, Libya and Yemen). In addition, the work develops the idea that it can conditionally divide all the monarchies of the Greater Middle East into two types: individualistic and clan. The paper shows that patrimonial ties, which have been carefully built over several decades, are an important element in the stability of monarchies.
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Paivandi, Saeed. "Unaccomplished Protest Movements in Iran and the Challenge of Building a Collective Imaginary of Political Change". Freedom of Thought Journal, nr 13 (czerwiec 2023): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.53895/ftj1301.
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The post-green movement years in Iran are marked by the emergence of a new generation of protest movements that no longer aim to reform the Islamic Republic by calling for a radical change in the political system. The two popular Movements in 2017 and 2019, severely repressed by the state, are examples of this political rupture and this paradigmatic shift. These popular protest movements, largely using social networks, were spontaneous, without leadership or political project. The Woman, Life and Freedom Movement that emerged from September 2022 in the context of a society in political impasse, was original and unprecedented. Despite the bloody repression, the Movement that was triggered after the death of Mahsa Aminin, the young girl arrested by the morality police caused a wide political crisis in Iran. The young girls and boys involved in this Movement protested against deficiencies and injustices that were directly linked to the authentic and human needs of individuals in modern society. This time too, the actors of the movement knew very well against what they were contesting without being able to propose an alternative project and a new horizon for society. The purpose of this text is to make a critical reading of these unaccomplished movements which, despite their ampleness or the legitimacy of their protest, fail in mobilizing the whole of society around a collective imaginary and imposing significant political change.
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Khalili, Mostafa. "From “Green Movement” to “Woman, Life, Freedom”: Continuity and Change in the Evolution of the Protest Movement in Iran". Protest 3, nr 1 (27.06.2023): 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2667372x-bja10045.
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Abstract The “woman, life, freedom” protest movement that started in September 2022 and lasted for several months is arguably the largest set of demonstrations in Iran since the formation of the Islamic Republic. Its most noticeable characteristic compared to the “Green Movement” in 2009, has been the radicalization of slogans and the transformation of the demands from the quest for reform to seeking regime change. This article briefly examines the socio-political processes that triggered the disappointment of the public with top-down reform, resulting in the gradual radicalization of protesters’ demands between those two movements. It is argued that the failure of the reformists to implement sustainable top-down transformation in politics gave rise to the rapid spread of nationwide bottom-up, unorganized forms of resistance. While their forms, aims, and mobilization incentives have been highly diverse, participants converge in perceiving regime change as the only alternative solution.
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Navarro, Celina, i Luiz Peres-Neto. "“Hair for Freedom” Movement in Iran: Interreligious Dialogue in Social Media Activism?" Religions 14, nr 5 (4.05.2023): 602. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel14050602.
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After the death of Masha Amini at the hands of the Iranian Morality Police for not wearing the hijab, in accordance with what they considered appropriate in September 2022, a social media campaign called “Hair for Freedom” was sparked on different platforms, with videos of women cutting their hair in protest over Iranian women’s rights and Amini’s death. This paper analyzes whether this digital feminist movement enacted an interreligious dialogue (IRD). Based on content analysis and topic modeling of the publications retrieved from three major platforms, Twitter, Instagram, and TikTok, the results indicate that this was mainly a Western movement focused on women’s bodies as a political symbol in authoritarian Islamic regimes and has not achieved an IRD since most social media posts reproduced the hashtag #HairForFredom without opening a religious discussion. As observed in other digital movements, conclusions indicate that social media activism does not offer an opportunity to engage in dialogues to enlighten the public sphere. On the contrary, the focus appears to provide users with the opportunity to enhance their reputation by engaging in popular social media campaigns that promote social change.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Iran 2022 protest"
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Pirani, Parisa. "Surface-Engineered Magnetic Nanoparticles for Sample Preparation and Analysis of Proteins and Peptides". ScholarWorks@UNO, 2015. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2012.
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Sample preparation as an essential step in mass spectrometry-based analysis, plays a critical role in proteomics studies. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have been widely used in protein and peptide sample preparation due to their magnetic properties, biocompatibility, easy synthesis and surface functionalization. MNPs loaded with analyte or analyte modification reagent can be easily separated from the reaction medium by an externally applied magnetic field. The small size of MNPs provides high analyte loading and extraction capacity. Additionally, MNP can be decorated with different functional groups to achieve selective modification or extraction of analyte. In this study we have utilized silica coated iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4@SiO2 MNPs) for protein and peptide sample preparation.
Fluorescence-based methods were utilized for quantitative and qualitative characterization of N-hydrosucccinimidyl (NHS) ester groups on the surface of Fe3O4@SiO2 MNPs. Fluorophore Dansylcadaverine was conjugated to NHS ester functional groups. Fluorometric measurement of cleaved dansylcadaveine was employed to determine the number of NHS ester groups per MNPs that was found to be 2.6 × 102 and 3.4 × 103for 20 nm and 100 nm Fe3O4@SiO2 MNPrespectively. The efficiency of labeling native bovine serum albumin (BSA) by NHS ester coated Fe3O4@SiO2 MNPs was also explored in terms of maximizing the number of MNPs conjugated per BSA molecule or maximizing the number of BSA molecules conjugated per each MNP.
Lysine residues of apolipoprotein B-100 (apoB-100) on the surface of intact human low density lipoprotein (LDL) were labeled by NHS ester modified Fe3O4@SiO2 MNPs in aqueous solvents at room temperature. The MNP labeledapoB-100 was treated by SDS to remove lipids and then digested using trypsin. Tryptic peptides were eluted from MNPs by cleaving disulfide linkage between labeled peptides and MNPs. LC-MS/MS analysis found 28 peptides containing labeled lysine residues. These lysine residues should be on the solvent exposed surface of LDL since the large size of MNPs prevents contact of the labeling reagent to those lysines embedded inside the structure of LDL.
TCEP- immobilized Fe3O4@SiO2MNPs were fabricated and utilized for reduction of disulfide bonds in bovine pancreas insulin and two different cyclic peptides. Disulfide bonds were efficiently cleaved at room temperature in both organic and aqueous solvents confirmed by LC-MS/MS analysis of reduced/alkylated protein and peptides. Disulfide reduction and alkylation reactions was performed in one step and the reducing agent was simply separated from peptide and protein solution by magnetic separation.
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Shahi, Afshin, i E. Abdoh-Tabrizi. "Iran's 2019-2020 demonstrations: the changing dynamics of political protests in Iran". 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/17663.
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NoThe widespread protests of November 2019 may be marked as the bloodiest recent chapter of the Islamic Republic of Iran's history in terms of popular dissent. The two major protests in December 2017 and November 2019, followed by the public reaction to the shooting down of the Ukrainian International Airlines Flight 752 by the IRGC over Tehran after the US killing of General Soleimani, suggest that the prevailing dynamics of political protest in Iran are changing. There is an increasing sense of radicalisation among protesters, while the state is prepared to resort to extreme violence to maintain control. The geography of political protest has changed. The declining economic situation has had a profound impact on the more vulnerable segments of the society who are now increasingly playing a more proactive role in challenging the state. The methods of protest have been evolving over the last four decades, especially in the cultural arena. Last but not least, the willingness of the protesters both to endure and inflict violence is precipitously transforming state-society relations beyond recognition. This article begins by providing a brief overview of protest in the history of the Islamic Republic, up to the public reaction to the 2020 downing of the Ukrainian airline over Tehran. This provides a historical context to assess the ways in which both the political climate and protests have changed over the last four decades. A section identifying and analysing the factors which have created the current political cul-de-sac then follows. The changing dynamics of the protests are the result of the existing political gridlock and the economic crisis, and it is thus important to evaluate the prevailing conditions which have paved the way for the radicalisation of political climate in Iran. The final section examines the changing dynamics of political protest.
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Barros, Georgia. "Downstream Processing of Recombinant Proteins from Transgenic Plant Systems: Phenolic Compounds Removal from Monoclonal Antibody Expressing Lemna minor and Purification of Recombinant Bovine Lysozyme from Sugarcane". Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2012-05-10774.
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Transgenic plant systems have been proposed as bioreactors in the production of pharmaceutical and industrial proteins. The economic benefits of inexpensive plant production systems could be erased if the downstream processing ends up being expensive.
To avoid monoclonal antibody (mAb) modification or fouling of chromatography resins, removal of phenolics from plant extracts is desirable. Removal of major phenolics in Lemna extracts was evaluated by adsorption to PVPP, XAD-4, IRA-402 and Q-Sepharose resins. Analysis of phenolics adsorption to XAD-4, IRA-402 and Q-Sepharose showed superior dynamic binding capacities at pH 4.5 than at 7.5. The economic analysis using SuperPro Designer 7.0 indicated that addition of a phenolics adsorption step would increase mAb production cost only 20% by using IRA-402 compared to 35% for XAD-4 resin. The overall mAb processing cost can be reduced by implementing a phenolics removal step.
To understand phenolics-resin interactions, adsorption isotherms of phenolic compounds (chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, rutin, syringic acid and vitexin-2-O-rhamnoside) from different phenolic classes on three resins (IRA-402, PVPP, XAD-4) at pH 4.5 and 7.5 were determined. Differences in adsorption with the type of phenolics were observed, and PVPP was not efficient for phenolics removal.
Screening of sugarcane lines for bovine lysozyme (BvLz) accumulation indicated that expression levels are still inadequate for commercial development. To maximize BvLz extraction, pH and ionic strength were evaluated; five conditions resulted in equivalent BvLz/TSP ratio. Membrane filtration process using BvLz extracts attained partial removal of native proteins by the 100 kDa membrane step, but also BvLz loss (21-29%). Regardless of the extraction condition, at least 47% of the starting BvLz was lost during the membrane processing. None of the evaluated extraction conditions caused a substantial recovery of BvLz in the concentrate.
Alternative purification options for the IEX+HIC process, which achieved 95% BvLz purity, were tested. Direct loading of sugarcane extract concentrate on HIC and XAD-4 pretreatment of juice did not recovered BvLz as effectively as the IEX chromatography. Pure BvLz was obtained by the XAD+HIC process, but higher purification fold and HIC yield were achieved by the IEX+HIC process, due to the complete separation of BvLz and 18-kDa protein.
Książki na temat "Iran 2022 protest"
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Phillips, Kimberley L. War! what is it good for?: Black freedom struggles and the U.S. military from World War II to Iraq. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2012.
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Phillips, Kimberley L. War! what is it good for?: Black freedom struggles and the U.S. military from World War II to Iraq. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2012.
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Nika of Mehr داستان کوتاه - آشوب مهر. هیچ جا, 2022.
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Activists, Human Rights. Nationwide Protests in Iran - September 2022. Human Rights Activists, 2023.
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Iran Protests 2022 -Detailed Report of 20 Days of Nationwide Protests in Iran. Human Rights Activists, 2022.
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Iran Protests 2022 -Detailed Report of 82 Days of Nationwide Protests in Iran. Human Rights Activists, 2022.
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Waldman, Simon, i Emre Caliskan. The New Turkey and Its Discontents. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190668372.001.0001.
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The Turkey of today little resembles that of recent decades. Its economy has expanded, new political elites have emerged, and the once powerful Kemalist military is no longer a potent and dominant political player. Meanwhile, new prosperity has had many unexpected social and political repercussions, pre-eminent among which is the advent of the Justice and Development Party (AKP), which first came to power in 2002 by downplaying its Islamist leanings and marketing itself as a center-right party. After several terms in office, and amid unprecedented popularity, the conduct of the AKP and its leading cadres has faced growing criticism. Turkey has yet to solve its Kurdish question, and its foreign policy is increasingly under threat as it balances relations with Iran, Israel, Iraq, Russia and the Kurds, to name only a few of its more demanding interlocutors. Widespread domestic protests gripped the country in 2013. The government is now perceived by many to be corrupt, unaccountable, intimidating of the press and intolerant of alternative political views and criticism. Has this once promising democracy descended into a tyranny of the majority led by a charismatic leader, Recep Tayyip Erdogan? Is Turkey more polarized now than ever in its recent history? These are among the questions posed in this timely primer on a rising economic power.
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Hedges, Chris, i Dahr Jamail. Will to Resist: Soldiers Who Refuse to Fight in Iraq and Afghanistan. Haymarket Books, 2011.
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Sturken, Marita. Terrorism in American Memory. NYU Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479811670.001.0001.
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This book examines the role of cultural memory in the post-9/11 era of American culture, an era that begins with 9/11 memorialization and ends with battles over the memory of racial injustice. The book argues that 9/11 was a shaping force in the two decades that followed and that the post-9/11 era came to a close in the disruption of the COVID-19 pandemic and protests of 2020. The post-9/11 era thus begins with the numerous nationalistic memorial projects of 9/11 and ends with the radical intervention of the Legacy Museum and the National Memorial for Peace and Justice in Montgomery, Alabama, a project that dramatically rewrites the national script of American history. The book looks in depth at the proliferation of 9/11 memorials, with thousands of memorials built from the bent steel of the twin towers throughout the country, and situates the 9/11 museum in New York and the architectural rebuilding of lower Manhattan as an intermix of memorialization, securitization, commercialization, and starchitecture. It analyzes the erasure of the post-9/11 wars in Iraq and Afghanistan and the memory projects that have aimed to render their human and economic costs visible. Finally, it examines the Legacy Museum and the National Memorial for Peace and Justice in Montgomery as a project of memory activism that aims to memorialize the legacies of slavery and lynching as a means to intervene into the consequences of mass incarceration in the present.
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The will to resist: Soldiers who refuse to fight in Iraq and Afghanistan. Chicago: Haymarket Books, 2009.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaCzęści książek na temat "Iran 2022 protest"
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Martínez-López, María, i Chaimaa Ait Aissa Amine. "The Use of Social Networks as a Tool in the Protests of Iranian People Against the Taliban Regime". W Advances in Educational Marketing, Administration, and Leadership, 301–16. IGI Global, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-2057-0.ch017.
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In September 2022, worldwide media were fulfilled of news about the terrifying death of a young woman called Mahsa Amini. She died in a hospital after being arrested and beaten by the Morality Police and it caused thousands of protests not only in Iran, but all around the world. The revolution that started on Iranian women fighting for their rights was an historical event that brought all Iranian women and men, who were against the regimen, together to protest. These events were shown in different social media sites such as TikTok, Instagram, Twitter, etc. So, everyone could know what was happening. Late in 2023, The European Parliament awarded Sakharov Prize posthumously to Mahsa Amini and the 'Women, Life, and Freedom' movement so the authors have created a proposal to show at schools the importance of this historical event and how to inform themselves by using social networks.
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"Chapter 5 Woman, Life, Freedom, the 2022 –2023 Mass Protests". W Mass Protests in Iran, 133–94. De Gruyter, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783111280288-007.
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"Chapter 4 The Political Situation in 2022". W Mass Protests in Iran, 119–32. De Gruyter, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783111280288-006.
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Ostovar, Afshon. "Epilogue". W Wars of Ambition, 250–64. Oxford University PressNew York, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190940980.003.0016.
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Abstract This chapter explores the diverging trajectories of Iran and its adversaries. The Saudi-Iranian détente, which followed Iran’s rapprochement with the UAE, signaled the desire of Gulf Arab states to move past their conflict with Iran. Without securing change in Iranian policies, such diplomatic gestures were acknowledgments of Iran’s victory in regional competition. China’s brokerage of the Saudi-Iranian détente signaled its role as potential peacemaker, yet China’s need to balance relations also suggested that it could not easily enforce stability. The rise of the far right in Israel’s government enflamed tensions with Palestinians and sparked massive protests by secular Israelis, complicating Israel’s foreign relations, and suiting Iran’s goal of weakening the Jewish state. Hamas’s attacks on Israel on October 7, 2023, portended another cycle of regional conflict. As Israel went to war in Gaza, Iran and its regional clients threatened to intervene, launching attacks on Israel and U.S. forces in Syria and Iraq as a collective show of force.
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Alsharekh, Alanoud. "Youth, Protest, and the New Elite". W The Changing Security Dynamics of the Persian Gulf, 165–90. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190877385.003.0010.
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This chapter provides a critical analysis of the youth-led protests that shook Kuwaiti politics in 2011 and 2012 and threatened for a time to flare out of control. Alanoud Alsharekh analyzes the multiple roots of youth dissatisfaction with the political and economic status quo in Kuwait and explores the intersection of youth-led demands for change with the broader pressure points that led Kuwait from one political crisis to another after 2006. Alsharekh documents how both the Kuwaiti government and the established political opposition failed to capitalize on the emergence of the politically-active new youth movement. The rise of youth-led groups that break the mold of established political systems has implications for all other GCC states and Iran. Alsharekh’s concluding observations on the difficulties in assimilating the region’s youthful population into existing power-sharing mechanisms – as well as labor market structures – holds great comparative significance for future stability and sustainable growth.
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"Introduction: New Authoritarian Practices in the Mena Region: Key Developments and Trends". W New Authoritarian Practices in the Middle East and North Africa, redaktorzy Özgün E. Topak, Merouan Mekouar i Francesco Cavatorta, 1–29. Edinburgh University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474489409.003.0001.
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In response to the recent local and regional uprisings (such as the 2009 Green Movement in Iran, Arab uprisings of 2011, and the 2013 Gezi Protests in Turkey), Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries have refashioned 'established' authoritarian practices (such as repressive laws, imprisonment of dissidents and extra-judicial killings) and added new authoritarian practices (such as internet and spyware surveillance) to stifle dissent, neutralize opponents and prevent social mobilization. The chapter shows that MENA regimes are using a mix of historically-established practices and new authoritarian practices in conjunction with one another to form what Topak (2019; 2022) calls an "authoritarian assemblage". A case in point is the brutal murder of Saudi dissident journalist Jamal Khashoggi where Pegasus spyware surveillance is combined with extra-judicial killing. This introductory chapter draws on this and other cases from the book which involves analysis of seventeen MENA countries. Sub-headings of the chapter includes: Established Authoritarian Practices; Protests and Policing; Legalizing Authoritarian Practices; Digital Surveillance; Authoritarian Learning and Alliances; Gender and the Double-authoritarian Burden; Resistance.
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Hiro, Dilip. "The Arab Spring—Reversed by a Saudi-Backed Counterrevolution". W Cold War in the Islamic World, 241–74. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190944650.003.0012.
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Saudi King Abdullah played a central role in rolling back non-violent, popular movement for democracy and human rights that occurred in early 2011 in Tunisia, Egypt, Bahrain and Yemen. The election of Muhammad Morsi, a Muslim Brotherhood leader, as president in Egypt’s first free and fair election in June 2012, went down badly in Riyadh. It welcomed the military coup against Morsi in July 2013. Abdullah helped to put together a package of $12 billion to shore up the military regime in Cairo. Iran described the popular demonstrations in Tunisia, Egypt and Bahrain as Islamic Awakening, and welcomed Morsi’s victory. But it failed to pin that label on the peaceful protests in Syria under President Bashar Assad, affiliated to the Alawi sub-sect in Shia Islam. In 2013 the Syrian civil war acquired an international dimension when the Assad regime used chemical weapons – described as a red line by US President Barack Obama. His failure to punish Assad for crossing this red line disappointed Abdullah. He ignored the fact that Obama-led tightening of economic sanctions against Iran by the US and the European Union were making Iran’s moderate President Hassan Rouhani amenable to a compromise on the nuclear issue.
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Moghadam, Valentine. "What Was the Arab Spring? The Promises and Perils of Globalization". W Globalization: Past, Present, Future, 27–42. University of California Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/luminos.172.c.
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The 2011 Arab Spring protests took place amidst the Great Recession, with limited or declining foreign direct investments in the region, rising food prices, high rates of unemployment (especially among youth), and low public and private investments. In 2014, oil prices fell. At the same time, the fallout from the 2003–4 U.S./UK invasion and occupation of Iraq, the NATO invasion of Libya, and the attempts to destabilize the Syrian regime helped spawn the so-called Islamic State, which wreaked havoc on communities in Iraq and Syria and had spillover effects in Tunisia. Hailed as the one democratic outcome of the Arab Spring protests, Tunisia began to unravel economically and politically, as it amassed a large debt burden, was unable to reduce high youth unemployment, and then faced the 2020–21 COVID-19 pandemic. As the latest stage of capitalism, neoliberal globalization turned out to be not the great equalizer that its early proponents claimed, but rather something closer to a wrecking ball. This chapter contributes to the literature on globalization’s dimensions and evolution through application to the Arab region and the Tunisian case study. Concepts from Marxist and world-systems theories will elucidate the promises and perils of neoliberal capitalist globalization as experienced in a democratizing polity.
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Ocampo, Luis Moreno. "Jus ad Curiam and Jus ad Bellum Decisions in the Iraq Situation". W War and Justice in the 21st Century, 345—C15.N75. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197628973.003.0016.
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Abstract This chapter analyzes the jus ad Curiam and jus ad Bellum decisions adopted by the US Congress and the UN Security Council in Iraq, presenting some of the consequences of choosing war over justice. The US national institutions were able to control some jus in Bello decisions but there is no control about jus ad Bellum decisions. They were adopted in 2001 and 2002 by Congress without temporal limits and are valid two decades later. There are no institutions or enough citizen interest to protect aliens living in foreign countries victims of such jus ad Bellum decisions. There is no expert analysis of the consequences: removed Saddam Hussein officers became ISIS leaders.
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Hilaire, Ricardo A. St. "Cultural Property Protection in the Context of Counter Terrorist Financing". W The Preservation of Art and Culture in Times of War, 186–224. Oxford University PressNew York, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197610565.003.0008.
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Abstract United States military forces raided an ISIS compound in Syria in 2015, recovering hundreds of cultural objects and photographs of artifacts offered for sale, all in the possession of the terror group’s Antiquities Department. The operation prompted the US Department of Justice to file an innovative court complaint invoking the USA PATRIOT Act to forfeit antiquities from ISIS. The case exemplifies a growing interest among lawyers, legislators, and law enforcement in the nexus between transnational antiquities trafficking and terror funding, part of an emerging legal paradigm in the United States that extends the focal point of international cultural property protection from specialist discussions about heritage preservation to a broader concern for national security. Within this unfolding landscape, high-profile American political leaders have asserted that the sale of antiquities funds terrorism, prompting Congress to adopt the Protect and Preserve International Cultural Property Act and to consider the expansion of the Bank Secrecy Act’s anti-money laundering rules to include antiquities dealers. This chapter chronicles the emergence of this cultural property protection paradigm, particularly exploring its flowering as ISIS blitzed toward Baghdad and expanded its territorial footprint (2014–2016). Also described are its cultivation following the 9/11 terror attacks and the ensuing wars in Afghanistan and Iraq (2001–2004), its fledgling roots (2005–2011), its budding during the Syrian civil war (2012–2013), and its ripening emphasis on money laundering (2017–2020).
Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Iran 2022 protest"
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Shafiee, Shima, i Abdolhossein Fathi. "Prediction of protein–peptide-binding amino acid residues regions using machine learning algorithms". W 2021 26th International Computer Conference, Computer Society of Iran (CSICC). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/csicc52343.2021.9420568.
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K. Alkhudhairy, Miaad, i Mahasin Sifir Madkhur. "Detection of Proteus Mirabilis Carrying blaCTX-M, blaSHV, and blaTEM Genes Related to Urinary Tract Infections". W IX. International Scientific Congress of Pure, Applied and Technological Sciences. Rimar Academy, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/minarcongress9-4.
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Background: Proteus mirabilis is a bacterium that causes many serious systematic infections. The aim of the study: Determination of Proteus mirabilis carrying blaCTX-M, blaSHV, and blaTEM genes related to urinary tract infections. Materials and Methods: 402 samples of urine were randomly collected from patients with symptomatic urinary tract infections at Al-Sadder Hospital in Al-Najaf Governorate, Iraq, from October 2022 to December 2023. Results: 71 (17.7%) isolates of P. mirabilis were identified according to microscopic, culture, and biochemical characteristics, then were tested for their ability to produce extended-spectrum β-lactamases by the two phenotypic methods: double disc synergy test and modified Hodge test. 19 (26.8%) extended-spectrum β-lactamases-producers, which had previously been evaluated using the phenotypic method, were subjected to the investigation of β-lactamases encoding genes by using the polymerase chain reaction technique. This molecular technique detected 8 (42.1%) isolates carrying single β-lactamases encoding gene, 7 (36.8%) isolates had blaCTX-M gene, only one isolate (5.3%) carried blaSHV gene, and no single blaTEM gene was detected in any isolate. 3 (15.8%) isolates harbored multiple genes: blaCTX-M and blaTEM. Conclusions: blaCTX-M gene was found to be more predominant among the extended-spectrum β-lactamases-producer under study than other genes
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O.V., Kirichenko, Voykina A.V., Bugaev L.A., Zykina V.V., Urchenko K.A., Pavlova A.S. i Koteneva D.A. "COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE STATE OF THE JUVENILE SO-IUY MULLET PLANILIZA HAEMATOCHEILA (TEMMINCK & SCHLEGEL, 1845) ACCORDING TO HEMATOLOGICAL INDICATORS". W II INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL CONFERENCE "DEVELOPMENT AND MODERN PROBLEMS OF AQUACULTURE" ("AQUACULTURE 2022" CONFERENCE). DSTU-Print, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/aquaculture.2022.68-70.
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The article presents data on the content of protein components and iron in the blood serum of juvenile so-iuy mullet individuals. Two samples were analyzed - from a natural and aquaculture reservoir. The analysis was carried out on a StatFax 4500 biochemical analyzer using Abris+ test systems. The results showed significant differences in the content of total protein, albumin and iron among the studied fish samples, which was probably caused by a more active and diverse in the protein aspect of the diet of the studied fish from the Don river. In general, the physiological state of the samples can be characterized as satisfactory.
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Reis, Victoria Faustino Silva, Bruna Freitas Souza, Murilo Lopes Coelho, Samantha Lopes Oliveira, Iana Maciel Silva Souza, Sâmara Pinto Vasconcelos, Juliana Silva Almeida Magalhães, Julia Monteiro Barros Pereira Carvalho i Camilo Vieira Santos. "Neurodegeneration with cerebral iron 5 accumulation associated with BPAN beta-helix protein: a case report". W SBN Conference 2022. Thieme Revinter Publicações Ltda., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1774588.
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Savostina, D. A. "Chemical composition of fresh and salted herring". W Agrobiotechnology-2021. Publishing house RGAU-MSHA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/978-5-9675-1855-3-2021-231.
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In a comparative aspect, the results of the content of individual chemical elements in fresh and salty herring are given. It was found that in salted herring, compared to fresh, there was 4% less protein and 34% more ash, 15% zinc and 33% iron. The content of toxic elements in fresh and salted herring did not exceed the permissible level, which meets the requirements of the EAEU TR 040/2016.
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Quan, Glen Lelyn, Kentaro Matsumiya, Michiaki Araki, Yasuki Matsumura i Yoshihiko Hirata. "The role of sophorolipid as carrier of active substances". W 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/hnkx3869.
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Sophorolipid is a glycolipid-type biosurfactant, produced from natural sources by fermentation with a nonpathogenic yeast Starmerella bombicola. Its structure is composed of 2 hydrophilic parts, a sophorose unit, a glucose disaccharide glycosically linked to a hydroxyl fatty acid. Its structure spontaneously forms a vesicle of about 100 nm in an aqueous solution, which is similar to that of liposomes used as drug delivery systems and transdermal absorption promoters. It can be expected to have an effect of promoting permeation of active substances such as lactoferrin. Lactoferrin is an iron-binding glycoprotein having a molecular weight of about 80 kDa, and is most abundant in breast milk in the living body. Since it is also present in amniotic fluid that protects the mother and fetus, it is important to study the physiological relationship between skin and lactoferrin. The transdermal administration of lactoferrin with sophorolipid was verified, followed by the investigation protein-surfactant interactions between bovine lactoferrin and sophorolipid. Structural changes were further observed using spectroscopic, microscopic and biochemical methods under weakly acidic and neutral pH conditions. From particle size analysis by dynamic light scattering, microscopic observation by cryo-SEM, and digestion pattern observation by enzyme treatment, it was confirmed that bovine lactoferrin and sophorolipid interact with each other to form a sheet and nanometer-sized coagulation at pH 5.0 and 7.0 forming an aggregate, which was considered to be due to the self-organizing structure characteristic of sophorolipid. It can be concluded that sophorolipid has a potential of being a transport carrier of active substances, which can have vast applications not only in cosmetics but in drug delivery systems as well. Biosurfactants and biopolymers: Between interactions, orthogonality and mutual
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Maslak, Mariusz, Marek Pańtak i Michał Pazdanowski. "Revitalization of the historical bridge over the Mała Panew River in Ozimek – the oldest chain suspension grey cast iron river-crossing on the European continent". W IABSE Congress, New Delhi 2023: Engineering for Sustainable Development. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/newdelhi.2023.0339.
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<p>Renovation methodology applied to protect the historical chain suspension bridge made of grey cast iron and erected in the years 1825-1827 over the Mala Panew river in the vicinity of Opole is presented and discussed in detail. This bridge crossing, of unique structure, is currently recognized as the oldest cast iron suspension bridge erected on the European continent (excluding British Isles). Special attention was paid to analyse the weakening of main bearing components induced by gradual degradation of the material properties during their extremely long service time. Replacement of several worn out and cracked links in the bearing chains proved to be necessary. As a result of the conducted works the bridge has been sufficiently strengthened and due to that protected against the detrimental influence of possible vibrations. All joints have been renewed and cleaned as well. Currently the bridge is accessible only for pedestrian traffic of limited intensity.</p>
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Wilbur, Jessica, Ozzie Abaye, Bo Zhang i Carol Willki. "Introducing Mung Bean as an Alternative or Rotation Crop to Tobacco in Virginia". W 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/vsph2015.
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Mung bean [Vigna radiata] is an important grain legume crop in Asia, particularly in India. Mungbean is consumed in the United States by a niche market in Asian cuisines, mostly as bean sprout, but is on the rise for use as an alternative plant protein as it is very high in micronutrients such as zinc, iron, and folic acid while also being low in fat and high in protein. Currently, more than two-thirds of mungbeans consumed in the United States are imported and nearly all domestically farmed mungbeans are produced in Oklahoma. This project explores the viability for mungbean to be produced by Virginia tobacco farmers as an alternative specialty or rotation crop since the demand for tobacco is on the decline. Two cultivars commercially available in the United States, Berken and OK2000, were planted in two locations in southern piedmont Virginia with an early and late planting date to determine the optimal time to plant mungbean and if it is a feasible crop in Virginia. Location played the most determining factor in overall seed size (g/100 seeds) for both cultivars--which is an indicator of quality--but the overall yield was not affected by location or planting date for either cultivar. Berken yielded an average of 771.03 lbs/ ac and OK2000 yielded an average of 728.81 lbs/ac as compared to 1000 lbs/ acre being considered “good yield.” This study suggests that an early versus late planting date has minimal effect on overall yield of mungbean, and with proper management techniques, there is potential for production in Virginia. This project is important to the AOCS community because it looks into the potential for mungbean to be grown in greater acreage within the USA as an alternative plant protein crop.
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Smith, M. R., T. Murphy, J. Ma, J. Gillepsie, D. P. Jones, H. Karmouty-Quintana, A. W. Trammell i C. M. Hart. "The Mitochondrial Protein Mitoneet and Its Involvement With Iron Homeostasis and Metabolic Regulation in Pulmonary Hypertension". W American Thoracic Society 2023 International Conference, May 19-24, 2023 - Washington, DC. American Thoracic Society, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2023.207.1_meetingabstracts.a2029.
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Farmer, J. C., J. J. Haslam, S. D. Day, T. Lian, R. Rebak, N. Yang i L. Aprigliano. "Corrosion Resistance of Iron-Based Amorphous Metal Coatings". W ASME 2006 Pressure Vessels and Piping/ICPVT-11 Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2006-icpvt-11-93835.
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New amorphous-metal thermal-spray coatings have been developed recently that may provide a viable coating option for spent nuclear fuel & high-level waste repositories [Pang et al. 2002; Shinimiya et al. 2005; Ponnambalam et al. 2004; Branagan et al. 2000–2004]. Some Fe-based amorphous-metal formulations have been found to have corrosion resistance comparable to that of high-performance alloys such as Ni-based Alloy C-22 [Farmer et al. 2004–2006]. These materials rely on Cr, Mo and W for enhanced corrosion resistance, while B is added to promote glass formation and Y is added to lower the critical cooling rate (CCR). Materials discussed in this paper include yttrium-containing SAM1651 with CCR ∼ 80 K/s and yttrium-free Formula 2C with CCR ∼ 600 K/s. While nickel-based Alloy C-22 and Type 316L stainless steel lose their resistance to corrosion during thermal spraying, Fe-based SAM1651 and Formula 2C amorphous-metal coatings can be applied with thermal spray processes without any significant loss of corrosion resistance. In the future, such corrosion-resistant thermal-spray coatings may enable the development of less expensive containers for spent nuclear fuel (SNF) and high-level waste (HLW), including enhanced multipurpose containers (MPCs), protected closure welds, and shields to protect containers from drips and falling rocks. These materials are extremely hard and provide enhanced resistance to abrasion and gouges from backfill operations. For example, Type 316L stainless steel has a hardness of approximately 150 VHN, Alloy C-22 has a hardness of approximately 250 VHN, while the Fe-based amorphous metals typically have hardness values of 1100–1300 VHN. Both Formula 2C and SAM1651 have high boron content which allow them to absorb neutrons, and therefore be used for enhanced criticality control. Cost savings can also be realized through the substitution of Fe-based alloy for Ni-based materials. Applications are also envisioned in oil & gas industry.
Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Iran 2022 protest"
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DOĞRUL, Mürsel, i Hayati ÜNLÜ. TÜBA Filistin - İsrail Savaşı Raporu. Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi, grudzień 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53478/tuba.978-625-8352-81-8.
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"This report, compiled with the initiatives of TÜBA International Relations Working Group, analyses the historical, current and future dimensions of the Israeli- Palestinian War in the light of theoretical literature and recent data. On 7 October 2023, the armed attacks by the military wing of Hamas targeting Israeli settlers and the ‘Operation Iron Swords’ launched by Israel in response to the attacks caused serious concerns in the international community in the context of humanitarian crisis and global chaos. The multi-actor nature, impact and historical origins of the Palestinian-Israeli War have made it necessary to examine this issue once again by focusing on historical ruptures. Israel’s disproportionate reprisals, violations of established international norms and laws of war/conflict, and attacks on civilians, including hospitals, have had/are having serious repercussions on international relations and the Middle East region in particular. The report’s findings indicate that the events in the region have led to a realization of the humanitarian crises in the Palestinian territories. This has resulted in a shift away from the traditional poweroriented pro-Israel stance, following domestic protests by countries that rejected the humanitarian tragedy in the Gaza Strip. However, due to the unfair structural and institutional bias of national and international politics, individual, academic and scientific freedom is still under extreme pressure to protect Israel."
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TÜBA REPORT ON THE PALESTINIAN-ISRAELI WAR. Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi, grudzień 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53478/tuba.978-625-8352-82-5.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
"This report, compiled with the initiatives of TÜBA International Relations Working Group, analyses the historical, current and future dimensions of the Israeli-Palestinian War in the light of theoretical literature and recent data. On 7 October 2023, the armed attacks by the military wing of Hamas targeting Israeli settlers and the ‘Operation Iron Swords’ launched by Israel in response to the attacks caused serious concerns in the international com- munity in the context of humanitarian crisis and global chaos. The multi-a- ctor nature, impact and historical origins of the Palestinian-Israeli War have made it necessary to examine this issue once again by focusing on historical ruptures. Israel’s disproportionate reprisals, violations of established inter- national norms and laws of war/conflict, and attacks on civilians, including hospitals, have had/are having serious repercussions on international rela- tions and the Middle East region in particular. The report’s findings indicate that the events in the region have led to an awareness of the humanitarian crises in the Palestinian territories. This has resulted in a shift away from the traditional power-oriented pro-Israel stance, following domestic protests by countries that rejected the humanitarian tragedy in the Gaza Strip. However, due to the unfair structural and institutional bias of national and internati- onal policy, individual, academic and freedom of expression are still under extreme pressure to protect Israel."
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DOĞRUL, Mürsel, i Hayati ÜNLÜ, red. TUBA takrir el-Harbi’l-Filistiniyye’l-İsrailiyye. Turkish Academy of Sciences, styczeń 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.53478/tuba.978-625-8352-90-0.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
"This report, compiled with the initiatives of TÜBA International Relations Working Group, analyses the historical, current and future dimensions of the Israeli-Palestinian War in the light of theoretical literature and recent data. On 7 October 2023, the armed attacks by the military wing of Hamas targeting Israeli settlers and the ‘Operation Iron Swords’ launched by Israel in response to the attacks caused serious concerns in the international com- munity in the context of humanitarian crisis and global chaos. The multi-a- ctor nature, impact and historical origins of the Palestinian-Israeli War have made it necessary to examine this issue once again by focusing on historical ruptures. Israel’s disproportionate reprisals, violations of established inter- national norms and laws of war/conflict, and attacks on civilians, including hospitals, have had/are having serious repercussions on international rela- tions and the Middle East region in particular. The report’s findings indicate that the events in the region have led to an awareness of the humanitarian crises in the Palestinian territories. This has resulted in a shift away from the traditional power-oriented pro-Israel stance, following domestic protests by countries that rejected the humanitarian tragedy in the Gaza Strip. However, due to the unfair structural and institutional bias of national and internati- onal policy, individual, academic and freedom of expression are still under extreme pressure to protect Israel."