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Gotowa bibliografia na temat „IR HEATER”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 11 września 2023

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "IR HEATER"

Gelao, Gennaro, Roberto Marani i Anna Gina Perri. "Self Heating and IR Emission Effects Simulation of Radiative Heater on Power MOS AC Switch". International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering 12, nr 6 (2.06.2022): 115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.46338/ijetae0622_15.

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High power IR heaters are very common but some have high switch on current due to the high difference of the electric resistance at ambient temperature and at steady state temperature. In this paper we develop a thermal model of these IR heaters considering the radiated power which is proportional to the fourth power of the temperature, according to the Stefan Boltzmann law. We propose a new circuit based on a series of two power MOS and simulate the switching, showing the temperature and heat flux inside the heater and MOSFET. Keywords— IR emission effects, Radiate Heater, MOSFET Devices, Modelling, Advanced Design System (ADS).

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Zhang, Zhi Guo, Chen Lin, Da Kui Feng i Ray Still. "Improving Plastic Thermoform Quality with Uniform Heating Technology". Advanced Materials Research 97-101 (marzec 2010): 204–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.97-101.204.

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The experimental studies were conducted to study the plastic thermoforming heating process. The heaters performance has been evaluated from two different ways: heating water calorimeter for heating efficiency and heating plastics for thermoform processes. The studies of the heaters include gas-fired heater and electric heater. Transient heating processes of plastics were also studied to investigate the heater’s performance on plastics. The surface temperature of plastic at the end of heating process was measured by IR camera. The heating cycle time, surface temperature uniformity of plastic and energy consumed for the heating cycle by different heaters were discussed. The pros and cons of different heaters for plastic heating process were also discussed in this paper.

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Tikhomirov, D. A., A. V. Khimenko, S. S. Trunov i A. V. Kuzmichev. "Energy-saving automated IR heater for calves". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 848, nr 1 (1.09.2021): 012088. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/848/1/012088.

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Liess, M. "A new low-cost hydrogen sensor build with a thermopile IR detector adapted to measure thermal conductivity". Journal of Sensors and Sensor Systems 4, nr 2 (8.09.2015): 281–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/jsss-4-281-2015.

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Abstract. It is demonstrated how a commercially available MEMS thermopile infrared radiation sensor can be used as thermal conductivity gas detector (TCD). Since a TCD requires a heater while IR-thermopile sensors have no integrated heater, the thermopile itself is used as heater and temperature sensor at the same time. It is exposed to the measured gas environment in its housing. It is shown that, by using a simple driving circuitry, a mass-produced low-cost IR sensor can be used for hydrogen detection in applications such as hydrogen safety and smart gas metering. The sensor was tested to measure hydrogen in nitrogen with concentration of 0–100 % with a noise equivalent concentration of 3.7 ppm.

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Çat, Yunus, Veysel Baran i Süleyman Özçelik. "EMI Shielding Effectiveness and Heater Behavior for Ge IR Windows". physica status solidi (a) 216, nr 14 (24.04.2019): 1900005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssa.201900005.

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Buffel, B., K. Leeman i F. Desplentere. "Pulsed IR Heating of Thermoplastic Sheets for Thermoforming Applications". International Polymer Processing 36, nr 4 (1.09.2021): 388–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ipp-2020-3981.

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Abstract This study presents the pulsed heating strategy as an advancement of the current state of the art in industry towards the theoretically fastest method of heating a thermoplastic sheet. Experimental temperature measurements are combined with an explicit finite difference numerical model to describe the pulsed heating method and indicate its added value in IR heating of thermoplastic sheets. Different process settings are evaluated and indicate the effect of the applied heat flux and the time interval tOFF during pulsed heating. When switched off, the residual heating of the heater elements is able to partially compensate for the convective heat losses at the surface of the sheet. This results in a more uniform temperature distribution through thickness without slowing down the overall heating process. The study shows that this effect is lost when the time interval in which the heater element is switched off, increases. Applying pulsed heating opens up a large processing window to control the through-thickness temperature difference. When the total amount of applied thermal energy is taken into account, pulsed heating is able to increase the overall heating rate and simultaneously keep the temperature difference through thickness limited.

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Voronin, Anton S., Fedor S. Ivanchenko, Michael M. Simunin, Yuri V. Fadeev, Aleksey V. Shiverskiy i Stanislav V. Khartov. "Sol-Gel Lithography Method for Production of Flexible Transparent Ir-Heater". Journal of Siberian Federal University. Engineering & Technologies 8, nr 7 (listopad 2015): 861–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17516/1999-494x-2015-8-7-861-866.

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Pettersson, Magnus, i Stig Stenström. "Modelling of an electric IR heater at transient and steady state conditions". International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 43, nr 7 (kwiecień 2000): 1209–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0017-9310(99)00201-x.

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Pettersson, Magnus, i Stig Stenström. "Modelling of an electric IR heater at transient and steady state conditions". International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 43, nr 7 (kwiecień 2000): 1223–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0017-9310(99)00202-1.

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Son, Jung Min, Jun Hyung Lee, Jungwoo Kim i Young Hak Cho. "Temperature distribution measurement of Au micro-heater in microfluidic channel using IR microscope". International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing 16, nr 2 (luty 2015): 367–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12541-015-0048-7.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "IR HEATER"

Choi, Sung In. "Smart Localized Heating Control System With Human Movement Tracking". Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2016. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/407171.

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Electrical Engineering
M.S.E.E.
According to the U.S. energy consumption survey in 2012, about 25% of the commercial and 42% of the residential building energy were used for heating. Despite the development of new and more efficient Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems over the years, the high energy consumption in heating is still one of the major energy efficiency issues. Studies showed that decreasing HVAC operating temperature set points by 4°F will result in energy savings of 15% or more. Thus, the smart localized heating control (SLHC) system was designed and prototyped to provide localized heat directly to a person so that HVAC can run at a lower temperature set point. SLHC detects human movement and delivers the heat based on the result of the target location estimation and temperature measurement feedback. To detect the human movement, image processing techniques were used; image segmentation, mass center detection, background subtraction using the Mixture of Gaussian model, and human feature detection. In SLHC, a near-infrared heater and a tracking function were used to provide an instant and a direct heat to the person in order to minimize wasting energy. The SLHC system is divided into the sensing and processing (SP) and the heating and regulating (HR) subsystem. The SP’s primary function is to process captured video images and measured temperature data. SP also generates and sends the heater operating signal to HR. HR purposes to control the heater’s direction and power based on the signal. The communication between SP and HR was established through Wi-Fi enabled development platform. The SLHC prototype successfully processed the sensing data and transmitted the control signal. The result shows that it detected human movement and estimated the person’s location in 3D space within 10% margin of error. Also, it delivered the focused heat to the surface of the human body and increased the temperature by 10.0°F in 3 minutes at the distance of 1.5m away from the heater. This cost-effective, wireless, and localized heating system demonstrates the potential to improve energy efficiency in buildings.
Temple University--Theses

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Bendžius, Simonas. "Dangus ir pragaras: Bažnyčios mokymas ir jaunimo subkultūros vaizdiniai". Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140721_113201-51687.

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Šiame magistro darbe pateikiamos Romos Katalikų Bažnyčios ir jaunimo subkultūros sampratos apie krikščioniškojo dangaus ir pragaro dogmas. Šiam tikslui nagrinėjama oficialioji Bažnyčios pozicija (dokumentai, popiežių raštai ir kt.) bei šiandienos teologinės hipotezės; tuo metu praktinėje darbo dalyje pateikiami jaunimo (14-25 m.) apklausos apie dangų ir pragarą rezultatai. Atkreipiamas dėmesys, kad krikščioniškojo dangaus ir pragaro sampratos mažai pažįstamos ir suprantamos tiek tarp pačių tikinčiųjų, tiek ir tarp žmonių, kurie nėra Bažnyčios nariai. Šios dogmos suvokiamos perdėm supaprastintai ir neretai - sukarikatūrintai, o tam daugiausia įtakos daro masinės komunikacijos priemonės, meniniai filmai ir knygos. Todėl šiame magistro darbe siūlomas "aktyviojo" dangaus modelis - teologinė hipotezė, teigianti apie pojūčių, gyvenimiškosios patirties, meilės, meno ir kitų jaunimui aktualių dalykų svarbą, mąstant apie krikščioniškąją amžinybės perspektyvą. Manome, kad Bažnyčia, akcentuodama "aktyvųjį" dangų, gerokai sumažintų atotrūkį tarp teologijos ir jauno žmogaus, be to, toks kalbėjimas duotų naudos pačių Bažnyčios narių tikėjimo gilinimui.
This thesis presents Christian concepts of Heaven and Hell dogmas perceived by the Roman Catholic Church and the youth subculture. For this purpose it presents the official position of the Church (documents, papal writings, etc..) and today's theological hypothesis; In the practical part of the work it presents the the youth (14-25 years) survey‘s result about Heaven and Hell. Attention is drawn to the context that Christian concepts of Heaven and Hell are too little understood among the believers and between people who are not members of the Church. These perceived overly simplistic dogma and often - a parody, and this is mostly influenced by means of mass communication, movies and books. Therefore, this thesis propose the "active" Heaven model. This is a theological hypothesis, which emphasizes feelings, real-life experience, love, art and other subjects relevant to young people. This is important to reflect on the Christian perspective of eternity. We believe that the Church, emphasizing the „active“ Heaven model "active" could significantly reduce the gap between the theological claims and the young man, in addition to such talk would benefit the faith of the most members of the Church.

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Martin, James 1960. "Between Heaven and Mirth:". The Church in the 21st Century Center at Boston College, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:103730.

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Jonutytė, Inga. "Jūrininkų psichologinių ir socialinių darbo sąlygų ir sveikatos sutrikimų sąsajos". Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2007. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2007~D_20070803.095813-28912.

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Darbo tikslas: įvertinti psichologinių ir socialinių darbo sąlygų ir jūrininkų fizines ir psichologine sveikatos sutrikimu sąsajas . Tyrimo metodai: duomenys buvo surinkti vienmomentinės anketinės apklausos būdu, ištyrus 370 Klaipėdos jūrininkų ligoninėje dėl privalomojo sveikatos patikrinimo besikreipiančius jūrininkus. Anoniminės anketinės apklausos būdu, naudojantis norvegų pasiūlytu Negatyvaus elgesio darbe klausimynu, buvo surinkta informacija apie jūrininkų patiriamo negatyvaus elgesio darbe formas, trukmę. Tiriamieji informavos apie diagnozuotus sveikatos sutrikimus. Tirta jūrininkų vidinė darna, potrauminio streso sutrikimo simptomai, minimalūs psichikos sveikatos sutrikimai. Tyrimo duomenys buvo analizuojami statistiškai, taikant SPSS 13,0 for Windows programą. Apskaičiuotas Spirmano koreliacijos koeficientas tikslu įvertinti jūrininkų patiriamo psichologinio teroro darbe sąsajas su gydytojo diagnozuotais fizinės sveikatos sutrikimais bei psichologinės sveikatos rodmenimis. Rezultatai: bent vieną negatyvaus elgesio aktą per 6 mėnesius patyrė 75 proc. jūrininkų savo darbe, 25 proc. jūrininkų nepatyrė nė vieno negatyvaus elgesio akto. Dažno psichologinio teroro jūrininkų darbe paplitimas siekė 3,8 proc., atsitiktinio – 10,1 proc. 2,3 proc. jūrininkų nurodė, kad labai jaučia stresą darbe. Stebėtos statistiškai reikšmingos sąsajos tarp jūrininkų patiriamo psichologinio teroro darbe ir arterinės hipertenzijos (r =0,154), kaklo/peties skausmų (r =0,138), migrenos (r =0,15... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
Aims of the study–to evaluate the associations between psychological terror in the workplace and adverse health outcomes. Methods. totally 370 seafarers, attending the mandatory health examination in the Marine health care centre. The Lithuanian version of the Norwegian Negative Acts Questionnaire was used for the investigation of the prevalence and duration of negative acts among seafarers. The investigated seafarers were asked about diagnosed by the physician health outcomes over the last twelve months. The questionnaires on the sense of coherence, post-traumatic stress disorder and minor psychological disorders (psychological distress) were distributed as well. The statistical software SPSS 13.0 for Windows was used in the statistical analysis. The associations between psychological terror in the workplace and adverse health outcomes were evaluated by Spirman’s correlation coefficient. Results. 75.0% of the investigated seafarers were exposed to at least one negative act over the last six months, only 25.0% were not exposed. The prevealence of severe bullying was 3.8%, the prevalence of occasional bullying was 10.1%. 2.3% of the investigated seafarers perceived severe stress in the workplace. Statistically significant associations between psychological terror and arterial hypertension (r=0.154), neck/shoulder pain (r=0.138), migraine (r=0.158), diseases, prostate diseases (r=0.122), hand/arm pain (r=0.196), non allergic skin diseases (r=0.138) were observed... [to full text]

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Wolf, Jacob Charles Joseph. "Harmonizing Heaven and Earth: Democratization and Individualism in American Religion". Thesis, Boston College, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:108949.

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Thesis advisor: R. Shep Melnick
Many political thinkers have suggested that religion is a necessary prerequisite for the proper functioning of American democracy. Foremost among them is Alexis de Tocqueville who argues, in particular, that religion serves as a counterbalance to individualism and crass acquisitiveness—two of the most worrisome aspects of American democracy. Yet, Tocqueville’s own analysis bids us to ask whether religion still serves this beneficial purpose nearly 200 years later, or whether democratization and individualism have not remade religion itself. The primary theme of the dissertation is therefore to investigate whether democratization and individualism have wrought changes of real significance in American religion and religious institutions. In the first part, I argue against the secularization thesis on the grounds that contemporary developments in American religion, such as the so-called rise of the “nones” and the growing distrust of organized religion, are explicable not by secularization but by democratization and individualism. To understand this phenomenon better, I return to the French liberal tradition of Benjamin Constant and Alexis de Tocqueville to articulate a theory of democratic deformalization—a process whereby American democracy breaks down the “formal” elements of religion. In the second part, I argue that individualism has caused a host of quantitative changes in American religion, including declining church membership, dwindling church participation, and a collapse in the perceived importance of organized religion itself. There are notable qualitative changes as well, including increasingly tenuous connections to churches, a proliferation of religious options within churches, and a new megachurch model that is better able to cater to individual taste and preference. In the third and most substantial part, I take up the question of whether individualism itself has changed or evolved over time, in predictable or unpredictable ways. Here, I argue that there has been a general shift from utilitarian individualism towards expressive individualism, with profound consequences for religious institutions and for society itself. The former, with its connection to the Protestant work ethic and Puritan social philosophy tends to cause an inclination in individuals to partake in community, submit to institutions, and follow moral and religious rules; the latter, with its belief in authenticity, causes a profound disdain for communal sources of authority, social institutions, and moral constraints. I conclude by arguing that the anthropology of expressive individualism, and its historical growth since the 1960s, proves to be the fundamental cause behind all these changes
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2020
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Political Science

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Tamošaitis, Donatas. "Geoterminio šildymo ekonominis ir techninis įvertinimas". Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2011. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2011~D_20110224_091359-85043.

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Žemės šilumos siurblių sistemos surenka žemės šilumą, dažniausiai vertikaliu U formos gręžinio šilumokaičiu. U formos gręžinio šilumokaičio našumas priklauso nuo šiluminių žemės savybių, taip pat nuo gręžinyje naudojamo skiedinio ar užpildo. Siekiant, kad Žemės šilumos siurblių sistemos pasiteisintų, projektuojant reikia atsižvelgti į geologinių struktūrų šiluminį laidumą ir gręžinio šilumokaičio šiluminę varžą. Šio darbo tikslas buvo nustatyti šilumos siurblio, naudojančio grunto šilumą, pritaikymo individualioje sodyboje siurblio techninis ir ekonominis įvertinimas. Nustatyta, kad investicijos projektui įgyvendinti, kai gyvenamajam pastatui šildyti ir buitiniam karštam vandeniui ruošti šildymo sezono metu šilumą gamina šilumos siurblys, naudojantis grunto šilumą, palyginti su tiesioginiu elektros naudojimu pastatui šildyti ir buitiniam karštam vandeniui ruošti, atsiperka per 6,3 metus. Šiluminės reakcijos testas padeda nustatyti šiluminį žemės laidumą (λ) gręžinio šilumokaičio įrengimo vietoje, bei efektyvią gręžinio šilumokaičio šiluminę varžą (Rb). Pagrindinis tikslas buvo suderinti gręžinio šilumokaitį su žemės sąlygomis, taip pat nustatyti gręžinio gylio poveikį (60 m: VB2; 90 m: VB3).
Ground source heat pump systems exchange heat with the ground, often through a vertical, U-tube, borehole heat exchanger. The performance of this U-tube borehole heat exchanger depends on the thermal properties of the ground formation, as well as grout or backfill in the borehole. The design and economic probability of ground source heat pump systems need the thermal conductivity of geological structure and thermal resistance of borehole heat exchanger. An economic and technical evaluation of the heat pump, which is using ground heat, in individual homestead. It was found that the investment for this project, when heat pump using ground heat is used to heat residential building and domestic hot water in heating season, compared with the use of direct electric heating of buildings and domestic hot water payback within 6.3 years. Thermal response test method allows the in-situ determination of the thermal conductivity (l) of the ground formation in the vicinity of a borehole heat exchanger, as well as the effective thermal resistance (Rb) of this latter. The main goal has been to determine same in-situ ground type of borehole heat exchanger, including the effect of borehole’s depths (60 m: VB2; 90 m: VB3).

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Liaudanskaitė, Neringa. "65 metų ir vyresnių Vilniaus gyventojų gyvensena ir subjektyvus sveikatos vertinimas". Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2012~D_20140627_185234-92989.

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Visuomenės senėjimas rodo gerėjančias gyvenimo sąlygas, sveikatos priežiūros kokybės gerėjimą, tačiau visuomenės senėjimas turi ir neigiamų pasekmių. Visuomenei senstant daugėja lėtinių ligų, specifinių, seniems žmonėms būdingų būklių, todėl didėja poreikis pagyvenusių žmonių socialinei ir medicininei priežiūrai, atsiranda naujų ekonominių iššūkių šaliai. Pakeisti ar sureguliuoti gyventojų senėjimo procesus ir jų padarinius yra sunku, tačiau žinant sveikatą įtakojančius veiksnius ir jų padarinius galima geriau pasirengti šių problemų sprendimui. Tyrimo tikslas: įvertinti 65 m. ir vyresnių Vilniaus gyventojų gyvenseną ir subjektyvų sveikatos vertinimą Uždaviniai: 1. Nustatyti 65 m. ir vyresnių žmonių gyvensenos veiksnių (rūkymo, alkoholio vartojimo, mitybos ir fizinio aktyvumo) paplitimą. 2. Įvertinti 65 m. ir vyresnių žmonių sveikatos būklę 3. Nustatyti 65 m. ir vyresnių žmonių subjektyvų savo sveikatos būklės vertinimą. 4. Įvertinti 65 m. ir vyresnių žmonių subjektyvios sveikatos būklės sąsajas su gyvensenos veiksnių paplitimu. 5.Įvertinti 65 m. ir vyresnių žmonių gyvensenos sąsajas su bendra fizine sveikata. Metodika. Darbo uždaviniams įgyvendinti ir tikslui pasiekti buvo panaudotas interviu apklausos metodas, naudojant šiam tyrimui sukurtas anketas (1 priedas). Anketos buvo anonimiškos. Apklausa vykdyta Antavilių pensionate, Vilniaus Gerontologijos ir reabilitacijos centre bei Vilniaus pirminėse sveikatos priežiūros įstaigose. Į tyrimą buvo įtraukti asmenys 65 metų amžiaus... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
Aging of the public population shows the improvement in living conditions and health care quality, still this process has its negative consequences as well. Because of aging, both the chronic diseases and specific conditions for the elderly are increasing, thus making bigger demands of older people for social and medical care and creating new economic challenges for the country. It is very difficult to replace or adjust the aging processes and their effects; however, if we take into account the factors that have an impact on health and their consequences the better preparation to solve these problems can be done. The aim of the research: to assess the residents of Vilnius city at the age of 65 and older living and their own subjective heath assessment. Objectives : 1. To define the living factors ( smoking, alcohol consumption, nutrition and physical activity) distribution of the people at the age of 65 and older. 2. To assess the people’s health condition at the age of 65 and older. 3. To ascertain people's at the age of 65 and older subjective assessment of their own health. 4. To ascertain people's at the age of 65 and older subjective health condition links with the living factors distribution. 5. To ascertain people's at the age of 65 and older subjective health condition links with their common physical health. Methodology. In order to achieve the objectives and the aim of the study the interview method have been carried out, using the questionnaires developed for this... [to full text]

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Polcyn, Adam D. (Adam Daniel) 1970. "Specific heat of Sr₃CuPt₀₅Ir₀.₅O₆ below 1K". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/85335.

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Gataveckas, Kipras. "Integruotas grunto ir mažaenergio pastato atliekinės šilumos panaudojimas". Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140610_141426-25126.

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Baigiamajame magistro darbe nagrinėjamos grunto ir atliekinės pastato šilumos panaudojimo galimybės mažaenergiame pastate, Vilniaus mieste, Lietuvoje. Suskaičiuoti keturi pastato energijos balansų variantai, naudojant ”CASAnova” kompiuterinę skaičiavimo programą, su skirtingais atitvarų šilumos perdavimo koeficientais. Pastate taikomos dvi energijos taupymo priemonės. Pirmoji yra gruntinis šilumokaitis naudojamas šviežio oro pirminiam pašildymui mechaninio vėdinimo sistemoje, kurio skaičiavimai atliekami ”GAEA” programa. Antroji yra nuotekų šilumos atgavimo šilumokaitis, naudojamas į pastatą tiekiamo šalto vandens pirminiam pašildymui, atgaunant dalį šilumos iš duše susidariusių nuotekų. Pastatui reikiamas metinis šilumos ir vėsos energijos kiekis gaminamas šilumos siurbliu su vertikaliu gręžiniu grunte, kurio skaičiavimams naudojama ”EED” programa. Gręžinių gyliai yra suskaičiuoti kiekvienam pastato energijos balansų variantui. Atlikti ekonominiai skaičiavimai rodo gruntinio ir nuotekų šilumos atgavimo šilumokaičių įdiegimo pastate ekonominę naudą. Pateikti rezultatai rodo kiekvieno varianto energijos poreikius ir gręžinio grunte gylį priklausomai nuo pastato varianto atitvarų šiluminių savybių bei taikomų energijos taupymo sprendimų. Darbą sudaro 9 dalys: įvadas, 6 skyriai, išvados ir pasiūlymai, literatūros sąrašas. Darbo apimtis – 64 psl. teksto, 41 paveikslai, 14 lentelės, 31 bibliografinis šaltinis.
The final master thesis presents technical analysis of low-energy residential building in Vilnius, Lithuania. Building has low temperature floor heating, mechanical ventilation with heat recovery unit and hot water preparation with buffer tank systems. Using “CASAnova” software is calculated fourth energy balances of building according fourth different heat transfer coefficients of the walls. All heating and cooling energy demand of a building is generated from the ground. It is made by using a heat pump with single borehole. A calculation of borehole sizing is made with “EED” software. Two energy saving technologies are analysed for a building. The first idea is to reduce heat energy consumption of hot water preparation. There is calculated benefit of waste water heat recovery heat exchanger which function is to pre-heat hot water using waste water from the shower. Second idea is to reduce heat energy consumption for fresh air heating in air handling unit. There is calculated benefit of earth-to-air heat exchanger using “GAEA” software. Final result of all calculations shows influence of heat transfer coefficient and energy saving technologies to building annual energy balance and depth of borehole. Economic benefit of using energy saving technologies is calculated. Structure: introduction, 6 chapters, conclusions and suggestions, references. Thesis consists of 64 p. of text, 41 figures, 14 tables and 31 bibliographical entries.

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Kovzan, Daiva. "Kurčiųjų ir neprigirdinčiųjų savarankiškumo ugdymas technologijų pamokose". Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2006. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2006~D_20060605_174559-74926.

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Each live organism is made to adapt to the constantly changing environment. The success of child’s integration into society, his conduct in society depends on the family and school. Frequently, excessive care by their parents prevents a disabled child from developing independency skills. One of the most important tasks for the school is to prepare an individual for independent life and seek his integration into society. The issue of developing independency of a disabled individual has not been studied in detailed yet. The object of this study is independency of the pupils with hearing impairments. The paper contains an analysis of the reference sources and findings of the study, which disclose the peculiarities of developing independency of the deaf and hard of hearing pupils during technology classes. The respondents were surveyed by test-interview methods and the data obtained were processed with the help of SPSS software. When summarizing the academic, professional and methodical literature, a model of the pupils’ independency was drafted by dividing independency into three groups of its manifestation (inquisitiveness, initiative and organization skills) and by defining technological skills by three types of skills ( planning, information collection and use, technology activities). Analysis of individual programs revealed that the teachers of technologies devote attention to the development of the pupils’ independency at the schools for deaf and heard to hear students... [to full text]

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Książki na temat "IR HEATER"

Arbøll, Troels Pank. Medicine in Ancient Assur: A Microhistorical Study of the Neo-Assyrian Healer Kiṣir-Assur. BRILL, 2020.

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Części książek na temat "IR HEATER"

Acharya, Amitav. "From heaven to Earth". W Globalizing IR Theory, 158–85. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2020. | Series: IR theory and practice in Asia: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429356292-9.

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Schwarzmann, Peter. "Heating multicoloured and preprinted materials using IR heaters". W Thermoforming, redaktor Adolf Illig, 173–75. München: Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/9781569907092.007.

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Müller, W., H. Piazena i Peter Vaupel. "From Sun to Therapeutic wIRA". W Water-filtered Infrared A (wIRA) Irradiation, 17–33. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92880-3_2.

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AbstractLife on Earth is significantly influenced by the electromagnetic radiation of the sun. Its energy most probably stimulated physical/chemical processes and has been used by living organisms for further development during evolution. The radiation is generated by nuclear fusion in the core of the sun and emitted into space with a wide range of different wavelengths. The terrestrial spectrum of this radiation shows characteristic absorption bands caused by atmospheric gases, mainly by water vapor, carbon dioxide, and ozone. The water molecules are excited by the absorption of preferentially long-wavelength radiation, which leads to absorption bands in the spectral range of the IR-A and to the total elimination of IR-B and IR-C. The excitation causes vibrations and rotations of the water molecules, increasing their kinetic energy, i.e., heat. This effect is used in medicine for therapeutic heating of tissues. It is technically achieved by water-filtered IR-A (wIRA) radiatior. Its radiation is comparable to the IR-A part of the terrestrial solar spectrum, but its total irradiance in the IR-A is much higher than that of the sun and can be adapted to therapeutic needs.

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Hamblin, Michael R. "Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Water-Filtered IR". W Water-filtered Infrared A (wIRA) Irradiation, 273–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92880-3_23.

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AbstractWater-filtered infrared A (wIRA) has been used to produce tissue hyperthermia to treat cancer, but also to treat a variety of other conditions, such as wound healing, pain, and inflammation. While the mechanism of anti-cancer hyperthermia is well-established, the mechanism of wIRA to promote healing and pain reduction is less clear. In this chapter, I will cover the use of photobiomodulation to treat several conditions characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction. Next the role of heat-sensitive transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels is discussed, with regard to nitric oxide production and infrared neural stimulation. Then the use of infrared emitting bioceramic nanoparticles embedded in garments or patches, which are powered solely by body heat to promote healing and reduce pain and inflammation is discussed. The conclusion is that wIRA can activate heat-sensitive TRP channels, possibly mediated by energy absorption by nanostructured water clusters, leading to many of the observed therapeutic benefits.

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Piazena, H., W. Müller i Peter Vaupel. "Physical and Photobiological Basics of wIRA-Hyperthermia". W Water-filtered Infrared A (wIRA) Irradiation, 35–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92880-3_3.

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AbstractInformation regarding physical and photobiological basics of wIRA-HT has been derived under in vivo conditions in piglets and human tissues. Since wIRA fits into the optical window of tissues, direct conversion of absorbed radiation into heat (T >39 °C) has been proven up to tissue depths of 26 mm. Tissue heating cannot sufficiently be characterized by the specification of the radiant exposure (dose) due to its dependence on the thermal impact of irradiance and exposure time and on heat dissipation and metabolic heat production. If irradiations of identical doses are used, resulting tissue hyperthermia levels are the higher, the shorter the exposure time and the higher the irradiance. To comply with the ESHO criteria, incident wIRA irradiances should exceed ≈ 110 mWcm−2 (IR-A). At higher irradiances, steady-state temperatures (SST) ≥ 39 °C have been observed to tissue depths >20 mm in piglets and up to 26 mm in humans. SST values ≥40 °C have been measured up to tissue depths >20 mm (piglets) and up to 16 mm (humans), and SSTs ≥41 °C up to 16 mm (piglets) and up to 8 mm (humans). Post-heating temperature decay times limit optimal intervals between hyperthermia (HT) and subsequent radiotherapy (RT) sessions to periods ≤5 min.

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Bobič, Miha. "Digital Twin of Heat Exchanger". W Heat Transfer [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.105871.

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How to create proper digital twin of plate heat exchange. The chapter will investigate alternatives for modeling and propose the best choices in modeling to trade-off between accuracy of the calculation vs. speed. Lump sum vs. distributed model, how to make plate model discrete, temperature distribution models, and details in heat exchange wall modeling will be considered. Last part would focus on experimental evaluation of the simulation using IR temperature vision measurements. Conclusions would take concrete examples of dynamic responses of heat exchange units, comparing numeric simulation with experimental results.

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Taine, Jean, i Anouar Soufiani. "Gas IR Radiative Properties: From Spectroscopic Data to Approximate Models". W Advances in Heat Transfer, 295–414. Elsevier, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0065-2717(08)70306-x.

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"Heat Storage Media Based on Composites ‘”Silica Gel-Crystalline Hydrate”". W Polymer-Inorganic Nanostructured Composites Based on Amorphous Silica, Layered Silicates, and Polyionenes, 100–118. IGI Global, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-9728-6.ch006.

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In this chapter, the authors present results of a study of the composite sorbents ‘silica gel – crystalline hydrate' synthesized by sol – gel method. The sorption capacity of the composites ‘silica gel – sodium sulphate' is stated to exceed noticeably the linear superposition of the sorption capacity of mechanical mixture of the silica gel and salt. The composites composition and structure were studied by IR-spectroscopy and wide-angle X-ray scattering. The changing of adsorption properties of crystalline salts at their distribution in silicon oxygen matrix is stated to result from dispersion up to nanoscale. The experimental setup for effectiveness tests of synthesized composite adsorbents is developed. The correlation of their composition, structure, water adsorption kinetic, and operating characteristic as heat storage material is revealed. The heat storage capacity is stated to be at least 0.36 kWh/kg (258 kWh/m3).

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"What Is Qualitative Analysis and How Do I Perform It?" W Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry: How Do I Get the Best Results?, 143–62. The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781782629283-00143.

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Qualitative data analysis is the “what” is present in my sample, whilst quantitative analysis is the “how much”. In qualitative analysis GC is used to confirm the presence or absence of analytes in a sample whose identities are known. GC may not lead to the positive identification of an analyte, but provides evidence of absence of a species or if it is present below the detection limit of the method. Failure of a sample to produce a peak at the same retention time as the standard obtained under identical conditions is strong evidence of absence. GC-MS provides additional information that can be used in this process for confirmation with the mass spectrum of the analyte. The identification of unknown analytes in a sample needs particular detectors such as mass-selective detection (MSD), ultraviolet (UV) and infrared (IR). Other data mining operations are also performed under the ‘qualitative analysis’ header, for example system suitability calculations to check that the instrument is performing as it should be and integration which is needed for quantitative analysis.

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Singh, Deepika, Ashutosh Kumar Singh i Sonia Tiwari. "Thermal Analysis of Realistic Breast Model With Tumor and Validation by Infrared Images". W Research Anthology on Medical Informatics in Breast and Cervical Cancer, 532–44. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-7136-4.ch027.

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Breast thermography is an emerging adjunct tool to mammography in early breast cancer detection due to its non-invasiveness and safety. Steady-state infrared imaging proves promising in this field as it is not affected by tissue density. The main aim of the present study is to develop a computational thermal model of breast cancer using real breast surface geometry and internal tumor specification. The model depicting the thermal profile of the subject's aggressive ductal carcinoma is calibrated by variation of blood perfusion and metabolic heat generation rate. The subject's IR image is used for validation of the simulated temperature profile. The thermal breast model presented here may prove useful in monitoring the response of tumor post-chemotherapy for female subjects with similar breast cancer characteristics.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "IR HEATER"

Saeed, Ahmed, Heba A. Shawkey, Yasser M. Sabry i Diaa Khalil. "Micro-Machined Heater Designed for Miniaturized Thermal IR Sources". W 2019 6th International Conference on Advanced Control Circuits and Systems (ACCS) & 2019 5th International Conference on New Paradigms in Electronics & information Technology (PEIT). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/accs-peit48329.2019.9062857.

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Wang, Hsin, i Todd England. "IR imaging study on heater performance of outside rearview mirrors for automobiles". W Defense and Security Symposium, redaktorzy Jonathan J. Miles, G. Raymond Peacock i Kathryn M. Knettel. SPIE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.669837.

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Lochbaum, A., Y. Fedoryshyn, C. Hafner i J. Leuthold. "High-Q Metamaterial Mid-IR Emitter on a Membrane Heater for Gas Sensing Applications". W Optical Sensors. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/sensors.2016.sew2f.6.

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Jung, Jun Yeong, i Yong Hoon Jeong. "Heat Transfer Coefficient Measurement for Downward-Facing Heat Transfer on Curved Rectangular Water Channel". W 2016 24th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone24-60726.

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In-Vessel Retention by External Reactor Vessel Cooling (IVR-ERVC) is method of removing the decay heat by cooling reactor vessel after corium relocation, and is also one of severe accident management strategies. Estimating heat transfer coefficients (HTCs) is important to evaluate heat transfer capability of the ERVC. In this study, the HTCs of outer wall of reactor vessel lower head were experimentally measured under the IVR-ERVC situation of Large Loss of Coolant Accident (LLOCA) condition. Experimental equipment was designed to simulate flow boiling condition of ERVC natural circulation, and based on APR+ design. This study focused on effects of real reactor vessel geometry (2.5 m of radius curvature) and material (SA508) for the HTCs. Curved rectangular water channel (test section) was design to simulate water channel which is between the reactor vessel lower head outer wall and thermal insulator. Radius curvature, length, width and gap size of the test section were respectively 2.5 m, 1 m, 0.07 m and 0.15 m. Two connection parts were connected at inlet and outlet of the test section to maintain fluid flow condition, and its cross section geometry was same with one of test section. To simulate vessel lower head outer wall, thin SA508 plate was used as main heater, and test section supported the main heater. Thickness, width, length and radius curvature of the main heater were 1.2 mm, 0.07 m, 1 m and 2.5 m respectively. The main heater was heated by DC rectifier, and applied heat flux was under CHF value. The test section was changed for each experiment. The HTCs of whole reactor vessel lower head (bottom: 0 ° and top: 90 °) were measured by inclining the test section, and experiments were conducted at four angular ranges; 0–22.5, 22.5–45, 45–67.5 and 67.5–90 °. DI water was used as working fluid in this experiment, and all experiments were conducted at 400 kg/m2s of constant mass flux with atmospheric pressure. The working fluid temperatures were measured at two point of water loop by K-type thermocouple. The main heater surface temperatures were measured by IR camera. The main heater was coated by carbon spray to make uniform surface emissivity, and the IR camera emissivity calibration was also conducted with the coated main heater. The HTCs were calculated by measured main heater surface temperature. In this research, the HTC results of 10, 30, 60 and 90 ° inclination angle were presented, and were plotted with wall super heat.

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Seo, Han, Seok Bin Seo, Sung Bo Moon, Soon-Yong Kwon, Ji Hyun Kim i In Cheol Bang. "Investigation of Boiling Heat Transfer and Critical Heat Flux Enhancement for SiC and Graphene Layers on ITO Surfaces". W ASME 2013 4th International Conference on Micro/Nanoscale Heat and Mass Transfer. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnhmt2013-22050.

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This paper presents a study on the enhancement in the boiling heat transfer (BHT) and critical heat flux (CHF) with a bare indium tin oxide (ITO) surface, few-graphene layer deposited on an ITO surface, and silicon carbide (SiC) particles deposited on an ITO surface. The experiment was conducted in atmospheric pressure using FC-72 refrigerant at saturation. Infrared (IR) thermometry was used to determine the temperature fields of the heater surfaces and CHF. The values of CHF for the graphene layer on the ITO surface and SiC deposited on the ITO heater were increased by 9% and 42%, compared to the bare ITO heater, respectively. All the heater surfaces showed hydrophilic condition with the working fluid (FC-72 refrigerant). The enhancement in the BHT coefficient and CHF was attributed to surface modifications such as the formation of microporous structures and the material properties.

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Zeng, Fan, Beshah Ayalew i Mohammed Omar. "Control of a Robotic UV Curing Process With Thermal Vision Feedback Through Two IR Cameras". W ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-13007.

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Robotic ultra-violet (UV) curing is considered to be one of the effective ways to replace the current convection-based methods in various manufacturing processes due to its fast curing rate and high energy efficiency. This paper presents a closed-loop control of a robotic UV curing system by using thermal vision feedback through two infrared (IR) cameras. The proposed approach is developed based on a mathematical analysis of the fundamental UV curing process and the integration of the local and global IR cameras in a cascade manner. A computer simulation study is conducted to evaluate the proposed strategy by regarding two control variables: the radiant intensity of the UV heater and the sweeping speed of the robot end effector. The results indicate that controllers using either control variable can compensate for interferences and improve curing quality under this thermal-vision-based architecture.

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Rasche, S., M. Begemann i Ch Hopmann. "Modelling IR-Heating in Stretch-Blow Moulding and Thermoforming". W ASME 2012 11th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2012-82590.

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The two-stage stretch-blow moulding process has been established for the large scale production of high quality PET containers with excellent mechanical and optical properties. Thermoforming is the process of choice for manufacturing thin-gauge or large-area parts for packaging or technical applications. Both processes allow lightweight thermoplastic parts to be produced rapidly and economically. In both processes thermoplastic semi-finished products are formed by pressurised air under the influence of heat. To enable forming of the thermoplastic materials, the semi-finished products need to be transferred into a thermoelastic state. IR-heating is widely used due to short heating times. From a cost perspective, about 7 % of the total production costs of a stretch-blow moulded bottle are spent for energy in order to heat and form the preform to the later bottle. Depending on machine, semi-finished product type and cycle time, energy costs in thermoforming account for around 1–5 % of the total production costs. Modern roll-fed automatic thermoforming machines use about 22 % of the energy consumption for the heating step and around 70 % for the production of pressurised air. Due to this significant share and due to increasing energy costs during recent years, the packaging industry is interested in increasing the energy efficiency of these processes. The most important quality criterion for both processes is a uniform wall thickness distribution. The production of high-quality parts requires optimised temperature profiles of the semi-finished product depending on the particular product geometry. Simulation is an approved tool for the prediction of the influence of the heater setting on the temperature profile. Over the last decade IKV has developed an integrative three-dimensional process simulation which models the complete path of a preform through a stretch-blow moulding machine. An essential first step is the heating simulation where the temperature profile of the preform is computed. Based on this data the temperature-dependent material behaviour of PET can be considered during the inflation simulation. This work shows the influence of a thoughtful temperature profile on the wall thickness distribution in stretch-blow moulding. The focus is on modelling the reheat phase of the stretch-blow moulding process in FEA. Beyond that, a purposeful heating offers the possibility to cut down energy waste.

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Hetsroni, G., A. Mosyak i R. Rozenblit. "Study of Heat Transfer in Microsystems by Infrared Technique". W ASME 2008 First International Conference on Micro/Nanoscale Heat Transfer. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnht2008-52326.

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The problem of dissipating high heat fluxes has received much attention due to its importance in such applications as cooling of electronic equipment, micro heat exchangers and many others. The most effective way of cooling is pumping liquid inside these devices through microchannels or porous media. Advantages and disadvantages using the Infrared Technique for the study of the heat transfer in microsystems are analyzed. The generalized model for analysis using IR technique for the temperature measurement in microdevices is suggested. The model is illustrated by various examples of heat transfer determination using image analysis as the heater temperature as well direct measurement of the liquid temperature.

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Zayhowski, J. J., i A. L. Wilson. "Miniature sources of subnanosecond 1.4 - 4.3-μm pulses with high peak power". W Advanced Solid State Lasers. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/assl.2000.pd3.

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Microchip-laser-pumped optical parametric generators have been packaged in 10-cm-long × 2.5-cm-diameter stainless-steel cans. These devices convert the 1.064-μm output of the laser into radiation at preselected wavelengths between 1.4 and 4.3 μm with quantum efficiencies >40%, resulting in mid-ir pulses of <200-ps duration with peak signal powers >140 kW. The optical head includes a heater that can be used to temperature tune the devices over several 10s to 100s of nm.

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Hu, Bin, Kwang-Sun Kim, Ik-Tae Im i Byung-Han Yun. "A Study on the Optimal Design of Heating Chamber in Sputtering Process for Large-Sized LCD Panel Manufacturing". W ASME 2008 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the Fluids Engineering, Energy Sustainability, and 3rd Energy Nanotechnology Conferences. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2008-56081.

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A thermal model was constructed to simulate the combined heat transfer phenomena, including thermal radiation in the heating chamber, during the sputtering process. The changes in thermal characteristics when thermal radiation occurred within the chamber system were analyzed using CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) method. The research emphasis in this paper was to explore the temperature distribution on the large glass panel. In order to achieve the temperature uniformity criterion (±15°C), the chamber design was improved to prevent a significant difference between temperature distributions. Several design factors were made to observe the effect on temperature distribution. After optimizing the chamber structure, the IR heater settings were in the end determined to meet the standards of three different sputtering circumstances.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "IR HEATER"

Walter, C. E., J. E. Kammeraad, J. G. Newman, R. Van Konynenburg i J. H. VanSant. Thulium heat source: IR D project 91-031. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), kwiecień 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5744627.

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Walter, C. E., J. E. Kammeraad, J. G. Newman, R. Van Konynenburg i J. H. VanSant. Thulium heat source IR D Project 91-031. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), styczeń 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6272362.

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Watkins, T., A. Sabau, D. Erdman III, G. Ludtka, B. Murphy, P. Joshi, H. Yin, W. Zhang, T. Skszek i X. Niu. IR Heat Treatment of Hybrid Steel-Al Joints. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), wrzesień 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1155043.

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Clausen, Jay, Michael Musty, Anna Wagner, Susan Frankenstein i Jason Dorvee. Modeling of a multi-month thermal IR study. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), lipiec 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41060.

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Inconsistent and unacceptable probability of detection (PD) and false alarm rates (FAR) due to varying environmental conditions hamper buried object detection. A 4-month study evaluated the environmental parameters impacting standoff thermal infra-red(IR) detection of buried objects. Field observations were integrated into a model depicting the temporal and spatial thermal changes through a 1-week period utilizing a 15-minute time-step interval. The model illustrates the surface thermal observations obtained with a thermal IR camera contemporaneously with a 3-d presentation of subsurface soil temperatures obtained with 156 buried thermocouples. Precipitation events and subsequent soil moisture responses synchronized to the temperature data are also included in the model simulation. The simulation shows the temperature response of buried objects due to changes in incoming solar radiation, air/surface soil temperature changes, latent heat exchange between the objects and surrounding soil, and impacts due to precipitation/changes in soil moisture. Differences are noted between the thermal response of plastic and metal objects as well as depth of burial below the ground surface. Nearly identical environmental conditions on different days did not always elicit the same spatial thermal response.

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Bucci, Matteo, Jee H. Seong, Jdacopo Buongiorno, Andrew Richenderfer i A. Kossolapov. IR-thermography-based investigation of critical heat flux in subcooled flow boiling of water at atmospheric and high pressure conditions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), listopad 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1409276.

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