Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Ion exchange

Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Ion exchange”

Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021
Data aktualizacji: 1 sierpnia 2024

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Ion exchange"

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Roto, Roto, Iqmal Tahir i Umi Nur Sholikhah. "SYNTHESIS OF HYDROTALCITE Zn-Al-SO4 AS ANION EXCHANGER AND ITS APPLICATION TO TREAT OF POLLLUTANT CONTAINED HEXACYANOFERRAT(II)". Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 8, nr 3 (17.06.2010): 307–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21583.

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Synthesis of Zn-Al-SO4 hydrotalcite and its application as anion exchanger for hexacyanoferrat (II) have been studied. Synthesis of Zn-Al-SO4 hydrotalcite was carried out by stoichiometric method and hydrothermal treatment. Sulphate in hydrotalcite interlayer was exchanged by hexacyanoferrat (II) that was assumed as pollutant. Kinetics of ion exchange was also investigated. The product of ion exchange was characterized by XRD, IR spectrophotometry and atomic absorption spectrometry. Zn-Al-SO4 hydrotalcite can be obtained by stoichiometric method at pH 8 and followed by hydrothermal treatment. The chemical formula of the hydrotalcite was Zn0.74Al0.26(OH)1.74(SO4)0.13.0.52H2O. The hexacyanoferrat (II) anion could exchange sulphate in hydrotalcite interlayer as showed by IR spectra and XRD patterns. The anion exchange capacity was 645.35 meq/100 g, and the kinetics of ion exchange reaction was first order with k = 5 x 10-5 s-1. It showed that Zn-Al-Fe(CN)6 could be regenerated easily, so it has been regenerate frequently. Keywords: hydrotalcite, anion exchanger, hexacyanoferrat
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Li, Heng. "Study of an Inorganic Ion Exchanger Mg2Ti1.25(PO4)3". Advanced Materials Research 442 (styczeń 2012): 50–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.442.50.

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The ion-exchanger Mg2Ti1.25(PO4)3 of spinel type was prepared by means of the solid state reaction crystallization method. Its ion-exchange properties for alkali ions such as saturation capacity of exchange and distribution coefficient were determined. Mg2Ti1.25(PO4)3 was characterized by virtue of X-ray diffraction method. This inorganic ion-exchanger (Mg2Ti1.25(PO4)3) has the saturation capacity of exchange for Li+ higher than those for other alkali ions, the saturation capacity of exchange for Li+ reaches to 6.0mmol/g, MgTi-750(H) has a higher selectivity of ion exchange for Li+ than for other alkali ions. These result show MgTi-750 (H) has better memory and selectivity of ion exchange, and higher capacity of ion exchange for Li+. It is a kind of prospective ionic sieve for Li+.
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Jiang, Jin He. "Synthesis of Al1.75Fe1.25(PO4)3 and its Selectivity to Li+ Exchange". Advanced Materials Research 490-495 (marzec 2012): 3703–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.490-495.3703.

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The ion-exchanger Al1.75Fe1.25(PO4)3of spinel type was prepared by means of the solid state reaction crystallization method. Its ion-exchange properties for alkali ions such as saturation capacity of exchange and distribution coefficient were determined. Al1.75Fe1.25(PO4)3was characterized by virtue of X-ray diffraction method. This inorganic ion-exchanger (Al1.75Fe1.25(PO4)3) has the saturation capacity of exchange for Li+higher than those for other alkali ions, the saturation capacity of exchange for Li+reaches to 7.1mmol/g, AlFe-720(H) has a higher selectivity of ion exchange for Li+than for other alkali ions. These result show AlFe-720 (H) has better memory and selectivity of ion exchange, and higher capacity of ion exchange for Li+. It is a kind of prospective ionic sieve for Li+.
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Burhanuddin, Chairul Iksan, i M. Hidayat. "Fiat Money Inconsistency and the Return of Dinar-Dirham as a Medium of Exchange in the Community". SENTRALISASI 10, nr 2 (30.06.2021): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.33506/sl.v10i2.1326.

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YOSHIOKA, TOSHIO. "Ion Exchange". Sen'i Gakkaishi 44, nr 9 (1988): P344—P345. http://dx.doi.org/10.2115/fiber.44.9_p344.

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WATANABE, Junya. "Novel Ion Exchange Resins and Ion Exchange Technologies." Journal of Ion Exchange 10, nr 2 (1999): 70–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5182/jaie.10.70.

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Ismailov, Rovshan, Islom Khaydarov, Okhun Khasanov, Nailya Valeeva, Tokhir Azimov i Kamil Baltabaev. "Thermodynamics of the obtained ion exchanges for the sorption of various ions in environmental wastewaters". E3S Web of Conferences 497 (2024): 02041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202449702041.

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This study focuses on investigating the thermodynamic parameters of an ion exchanger synthesized using chlorinated polypropylene with polyethylene polyamines. The ion exchanger, derived from chlorinated polypropylene, demonstrates full compliance with chemical resistance standards. The research involves the examination of isotherms governing the sorption process of Cu(II) and Ni(II) ions by the ion exchanger. These isotherms adhere to the Freundlich model, offering insights into the ion-exchange behavior of the material. Additionally, the study delves into the dynamic exchange capacity and desorption characteristics of the resulting ion exchanger in a granular state. These parameters are crucial for understanding the material's performance in practical applications, shedding light on its ability to efficiently exchange and release metal ions. By comprehensively analyzing the thermodynamic aspects and sorption behavior of the synthesized ion exchanger, this work contributes valuable knowledge to the field of ion exchange materials. The findings offer a basis for further optimization and application of such materials in various industrial processes, particularly in the removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions.
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Kipriyanova, E. S., D. V. Konev, T. A. Kravchenko i S. V. Khorol’skaya. "Ion exchange and redox reactions in metal-ion exchanger nanocomposites". Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A 86, nr 7 (24.05.2012): 1128–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0036024412070114.

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Li, Heng. "Synthesis of Al1.6667Ti(PO4)3 and its Selectivity to Li+ Exchange". Advanced Materials Research 463-464 (luty 2012): 165–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.463-464.165.

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The ion-exchanger Al1.6667Ti(PO4)3 of inverse spinel type was prepared by means of the solid state reaction crystallization method. Its ion-exchange properties for alkali ions such as saturation capacity of exchange and distribution coefficient were determined. Al1.6667Ti(PO4)3 was characterized by virtue of X-ray diffraction method. This inorganic ion-exchanger has the saturation capacity of exchange for Li+ higher than those for other alkali ions, the saturation capacity of exchange for Li+ reaches to 6.6mmol/g.
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Singare, P. U. "Radiotracer Technique in Study of Strongly Basic Anion Exchange Resins Dowex-SBR LC and Indion-454". International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 18 (wrzesień 2013): 37–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.18.37.

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The present paper demonstrates application of isotopic tracer technique in characterization of anion exchange resins Dowex-SBR LC and Indion-454 for which 131I and 82Br radio isotopes were used. The characterization was made based on iodide and bromide ion-isotopic exchange reaction kinetic data obtained for the two resins. It was observed that during iodide ion-isotopic exchange reaction performed at 35.0 °C, 1.000 g of ion exchange resins and 0.002 mol/L labeled iodide ion solution, the values of specific reaction rate (min-1), amount of ion exchanged (mmol), initial rate of ion exchange (mmol/min) and log Kd were 0.379, 0.426, 0.161 and 16.2 respectively for Dowex-SBR LC resin, which was higher than the respective values of 0.156, 0.243, 0.038 and 13.4 as that obtained by using Indion-454 resins. The identical trend was observed for the two resins during bromide ion-isotopic exchange reaction. The results of present investigation also indicate that during the two ion-isotopic exchange reactions, for both the resins, there exists a strong positive linear correlation between amount of ions exchanged and concentration of ionic solution; and strong negative correlation between amount of ions exchanged and temperature of exchanging medium. Based on overall results it appears that under identical experimental conditions, as compared to Indion-454 resins, Dowex-SBR LC resins show superior performance. It is expected here that the present technique can be extended further for characterization of different ion exchange resins which will further help in the selection of those reins for the specific industrial application
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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Ion exchange"

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Pan, L. C. "Ion exchange of proteins". Thesis, Swansea University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.638406.

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The aims of the present work were to assess the nature and importance of the intermolecular and surface interactions in ion exchange processes at different conditions and also to develop a mathematical model for the prediction of equilibrium constants. The equilibrium uptake of two proteins (bovine serum albumin, myoglobin) on hydrophilic ion exchangers was studied at different pH values and ironic strengths. Equilibrium isotherm analysis allowed the determination of the thermodynamic equilibrium constants (K) for each condition. The affinity of the hydrophilic cellulosic ion exchanger (Whatman QA52) for bovine serum albumin was higher than for myoglobin. The maximum capacity of the ion exchanger was lower for BSA than for myoglobin under all comparable conditions. This behaviour is explained by considering the physical and chemical properties of the proteins and ion exchanger. The heats of exchange of the bovine serum albumin (BSA) at Whatman QA52 at different pH values were obtained by titration microcalorimetry (Thermometric 2277 Thermal Activity Monitor). An analysis procedure was developed to determine the standard thermodynamic functions (ΔG°, ΔH°, ΔS°) for each ion exchange process. Knowledge of these thermodynamic quantities provided further insight into the interactions that can occur during the ion exchange process. The analysis of thermodynamic data could help selection of the most effective means of manipulating process solution conditions to maximise the degree of separation. A colloid science approach for ion exchange of proteins has been developed based on electrostatic and London-van der Waals interaction energies. The approach allowed a priori prediction for the equilibrium behaviour of ion exchange of proteins at different conditions.
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Zubair, M. "Ion exchange in chabazite". Thesis, University of Salford, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239984.

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Pribyl, Ondrej. "Modelling of electrochemical ion exchange". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325234.

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Bayraktaroglu, Kerem. "Multicomponent Ion Exchange On Clinoptilolite". Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12607580/index.pdf.

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Zeolites are crystalline, hydrated aluminosilicate minerals that are characterized by their ability to exchange some of their constituent cations with cations in aqueous solutions, without a major change in their crystalline structure. Clinoptilolite is the most abundant ype of zeolite and it has received extensive attention due to its favorable selectivity for mmonium and certain heavy metal cations. The aim of this study is to investigate the binary and ternary (multicomponent) ion xchange behavior of sodium form of Gö
rdes type clinoptilolite for ammonium,cadmium and sodium ions. For this purpose, NH4 +-Na+,Cd2+-Na+ binary systems and NH4 +-Cd2+-Na+ multicomponent system were investigated both in batch and column systems at 0.1 and 0.01 constant total normality respectively and at 250C constant temperature. As a result of binary and ternary experiments, clinoptilolite&rsquo
s affinity for both ions but greater affinity to NH4+ ion than Cd2+ ion was observed and the selectivity sequence of Gö
rdes clinoptilolite was determined as NH4+>
Cd2+>
Na+ in binary and multicomponent batch and column operations. Additionally, total ion exchange capacities and maximum exchange levels of Gö
rdes clinoptilolite for both ions were determined in batch systems whereas breakthrough capacities and column efficiencies (for three different flow rates) were determined in column systems. Finally, it was concluded that the increase of the flow rate reduced the breakthrough capacities and column efficiencies of Gö
rdes clinoptilolite for ammonium and cadmium ions in multicomponent column systems involving more than one cation.
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Ichsan, E. A. W. "Ion exchange on chelating fibres". Thesis, University of Salford, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.353980.

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Polite, Lee Nicholas. "Studies in ion exchange chromatography". Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54338.

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This dissertation investigates three major problems in IC, ranging from the practical to the theoretical. The first is of interest to the field of quantitative analysis. Since ion chromatography is primarily a quantitative technique, the linear range of the detector is of particular interest. The linear range was determined to be nearly five orders of magnitude for several common ions. The probes used were fluoride, chloride, sulfate, sodium, and potassium with concentrations ranging from 10 ppb to 1000 ppm. This portion of the dissertation describes the first attempt made to elucidate the linear detection range in ion chromatography using micro-membrane suppression. The Iinearity experiments demonstrate the versatility of ion chromatography with respect to quantifiable concentrations. However, a major problem is encountered when attempting to determine a trace ion concentration in the presence of a high concentration of a similarly charged ion (matrix ion). The second part of this dissertation offers a solution to this problem. In ion chromatography, the large excess of a matrix ion affects not only the ions expected in that region of the chromatogram, but also destroys the chromatographic exchange process. One objective of this study was to develop a rapid quantitative method to determine 5 ppm chloride in the presence of 100,000 ppm sulfate. A standard anion exchange column will completely lose resolution between chloride and sulfate at a sulfate concentration of approximately 2500 ppm. The apparatus designed and built by the author uses two analytical ion—exchange columns coupled in series by a high pressure switching valve. ln order to complete the system, the author designed and built y a high pressure conductivity detector cell to monitor the conductivity of the effluent from the first column. The system works by overloading the first column and then allowing the effluent to pass onto the second column. When the trace chloride in on the second column, the first column is switched out of line. This process allows the trace chloride to be separated from the residual sulfate. The column switching study brought to light several theoretical questions about the inner workings of the packing materials used in ion chromatography. These questions include the effects that flow rate and temperature have on capacity and efficiency in ion chromatography separations. Using chloride and sulfate as probes, the chromatographic efficiency was shown to decrease from 30° to 60° C. Even more surprising was the result that sulfate retention increased with increasing temperature while chloride retention decreased under the same conditions. Detailed studies as well as possible explanations are included in the third part of this dissertation.
Ph. D.
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McVeigh, Ryan. "Biologically enhanced ion exchange of ammonium ion using clinoptilolite". Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.247390.

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Rejaldien, Moegamat Zain. "Base metal equilibrium prediction on ion exchange resin". Thesis, Cape Technikon, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/875.

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Thesis (MTech (Chemical Engineering)--Cape Technikon, Cape Town, 2002
This study is the first phase of an investigation into an alternative process to recover base metals from solution, namely ion exchange. An identified ion exchange resin was employed to study the recovery of copper, nickel and cobalt from electrolytic solutions. The main focus of the investigation was the prediction of equilibrium conditions in this multi-component system using a batch configuration. In order to predict equilibrium conditions. existing multi-component isotherms such as Fritz and Schleunder were tested. It has been shown that traditional isothem15 did not accurately predict equilibrium conditions. hence the need for development of new isotherms. Essentially two approaches were followed in the development of new isotherms namely. an effective concentration approach as well as a heat transfer approach. Both yielded positive outcomes with the effective concentration approach proving to be the most accurate. In addition to these two approaches a thermodynamical approach was also tested which also showed favourable predictions for Cu loading
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Maketon, Supachai. "Methods Development for Ion Chromatography". Thesis, North Texas State University, 1986. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc330927/.

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Ion chromatography (IC) as developed by Small et. al. in 1975 has become an efficient and reliable analytical technique for simultaneous analysis of multiple ions in solution. The principle requirement prior to use the IC for an analysis is sample preparation; these include sample decomposition, solvent extraction, and trapping in case the target element is in the gas phase, etc. Solvent extractions for fluoride, chloride, sodium, ammonium, and potassium ions which are soluble in soils are described. Sample decompositions include silicate rocks using hydrofluoric acid for the determination of phosphorus; organic pesticides using lithium fusion technique for the determination of halide and cyanide ions are also described. After these sample preparation techniques, the aqueous solutions obtained were analyzed on the ion chromatograph for the analyses of the anions and cations mentioned above. Recovery and reproducibility of each technique is in general quite good and the comparison between the results obtained from the IC method and other instrumentation are given.
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Pearson, C. H. G. "New ion exchange resins for ion chromatography applied to anions". Thesis, University of Kent, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.372771.

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Książki na temat "Ion exchange"

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1948-, Muraviev Dimitri, Gorshkov V. I i Warshawsky Abraham, red. Ion exchange. New York: M. Dekker, 2000.

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Wachinski, Anthony M. Environmental Ion Exchange. Second edition. | Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, CRC Press,: CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315368542.

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Slater, M. J., red. Ion Exchange Advances. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2864-3.

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Kunin, Robert. Ion exchange resins. Wyd. 2. Malabar, Fla: R.E. Krieger, 1990.

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Kunin, Robert. Ion exchange resins. Malabar, Fla: R.E. Krieger Pub. Co., 1985.

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Fritz, James S. Ion chromatography. Wyd. 4. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, 2009.

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Konrad, Dorfner, i Dorfner Konrad, red. Ion exchangers. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1991.

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Inamuddin, Dr, i Mohammad Luqman, red. Ion Exchange Technology II. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4026-6.

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Simon, George P. Ion Exchange Training Manual. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-7440-2.

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Dr., Inamuddin, i Mohammad Luqman, red. Ion Exchange Technology I. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1700-8.

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Części książek na temat "Ion exchange"

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Wankat, Phillip C. "Ion Exchange". W Rate-Controlled Separations, 452–98. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-9724-6_9.

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Cullum, D. C. "Ion exchange". W Introduction to Surfactant Analysis, 77–104. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1316-8_4.

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Wankat, Phillip C. "Ion Exchange". W Rate-Controlled Separations, 452–98. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1342-7_9.

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Berrios, M., J. A. Siles, M. A. Martín i A. Martín. "Ion Exchange". W Separation and Purification Technologies in Biorefineries, 149–65. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118493441.ch6.

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Chen, J. Paul, Lei Yang, Wun-Jern Ng, Lawrence K. Wang i Sook-Leng Thong. "Ion Exchange". W Advanced Physicochemical Treatment Processes, 261–92. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-029-4_8.

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Dzombak, David A., i Robert J. M. Hudson. "Ion Exchange". W Advances in Chemistry, 59–94. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ba-1995-0244.ch003.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Ion Exchange". W Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 396. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_6443.

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Raveau, B. "Ion Exchange". W Inorganic Reactions and Methods, 223–26. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470145326.ch122.

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Mukherjee, Swapna. "Ion Exchange". W Current Topics in Soil Science, 147–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92669-4_14.

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Abe, Mitsuo. "Ion-Exchange Selectivities of Inorganic Ion Exchangers". W Ion Exchange and Solvent Extraction, 381–440. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003208846-9.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Ion exchange"

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Jiang, Jin-He, Su-Qing Wang i Sheng-Bin Zhang. "Inorganic Ion Exchanger Mg1.5Ti1.25O4 and Its Ion-exchange Ability". W 2nd Annual International Conference on Advanced Material Engineering (AME 2016). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ame-16.2016.89.

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Honkanen, S., P. Pöyhönen, A. Tervonen, M. Tahkokorpi i S. Tammela. "One-step dry ion-exchange technique for single-mode waveguides". W OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1990.mll2.

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This paper describes a one-step solid-state ion-exchange process for fabrication of Ag+ ion-exchanged single-mode glass waveguides. Ag+ ions are released into the glass electrolytically from a sputtered Ag film and are diffused deeper with a postbake immediately after the field-assisted exchange. The amount of Ag+ ions in glass can be accurately controlled by the ion current, because no appreciable purely thermal diffusion from the Ag film into the glass occurs. The postbake is started by disconnecting the voltage after the desired charge is driven into the glass.
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Ohmi, S., H. Sakai i Y. Asahara. "Gradient Index Lenses Made by Double Ion Exchange Process". W Gradient-Index Optical Imaging Systems. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/giois.1987.thd4.

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Gradient index (GRIN) rod lenses with parabolic index profiles have a variety of application including imaging systems and optical communication systems.1) There are a number of techniques that could be used for making these radial gradients in the glass. Ion exchange is probably the most widely and successfully used technique in the fabrication of GRIN rod lens for optical communication applications, because it is the simplest in terms of instrumentation and control. In conventional ion exchange techniques, T1 ions in a glass rod are exchanged for K or Na ions in a molten salt.2,3) There appears to be some problems in T1 ions, namely high toxicity and low diffusion rate in the glass. Ag ions also offer great potential for making large numerical aperture lenses because of their high refractive index in the glass. However, silver oxide cannot be introduced into the glass in significant quantities by melting.
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Possner, T., R. Göring i Ch Kaps. "Index Gradient Fabrication by Ion-Exchange". W Gradient-Index Optical Imaging Systems. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/giois.1994.gwa1.

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Although the ion-exchange technique has been used for more than a century to produce tinted glass and for several decades for glass strengthening it received increasing attention during the last 10 years. This attention arises from demands of integrated optics for low loss, robust and cheep waveguides and microoptic for small sized optical components fitted to miniaturized light sources, detectors and optical fibres as well as to arrays of these components. Today ion-exchanged components as the GRIN-rod lenses and planar microlenses are commercially available. Ion-exchanged branching elements are introduced into optical communication networks.
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Trassl, R. "Ion-ion charge-exchange collisions and applications". W The 12th topical conference on atomic processes in plasmas. AIP, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1361787.

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Ingenhoff, Jan, Paul Lefebvre, W. G. Zhang, C. Y. Li, Ludwig Ross i S. Iraj Najafi. "Minimizing losses in silver ion-exchanged waveguides using a double ion-exchange process". W Photonics West '95, redaktorzy Mario N. Armenise i Ka-Kha Wong. SPIE, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.205036.

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Inman, J. M., S. N. Houde-Walter i B. L. McIntyre. "Chemical Structure and Concentration Dependence of the Diffusion Coefficient in Silver/Sodium Ion-Exchanged Aluminosilicate Glasses". W Gradient-Index Optical Imaging Systems. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/giois.1994.gtue2.

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Ion exchange is often used to alter the index of refraction of a glass to fabricate waveguide and micro-optics devices, usually resulting in a gradient index. However, in order to efficiently design such devices it is necessary to be able to accurately predict and control the ion exchange. One important complication that must be accounted for is the Mixed Mobile Ion Effect (MMIE), also known as the Mixed Alkali Effect, in which many of the glass properties vary from additivity when two species of monovalent cations are present. This effect, although extensively documented, is poorly understood. As a result, parameters and conditions for ion exchanges are usually determined through a tedious trial-and-error process. We have found that insight into ion-exchange processes, including the MMIE, can be gained from studies of glass structure. We have studied silver-for-sodium exchange in a series of aluminosilicate glasses, commercially important for ion-exchanged waveguides. In this work we relate the results of our previous structural studies to MMIE and the concentration dependence of the diffusion coefficient.
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Chan, K. C., Christopher Y. H. Chao, G. N. Sze-To i K. S. Hui. "Development of New Zeolite 13X/CaCl2 Composite Adsorbent for Air-Conditioning Application". W ASME 2011 5th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2011-54052.

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Composite adsorbents synthesized from zeolite 13X and CaCl2 were investigated for applications in solar adsorption systems. The effect of Ca-ion-exchange on the adsorption properties of zeolite 13X was studied. Sodium ions in the zeolite structure were replaced by calcium ions by ion exchange. It was found that the Ca-ion-exchange process decreased the specific surface areas of the Ca-ion-exchanged zeolites while the total pore volumes were increased. The optimized Ca-ion-exchange condition existed when soaking zeolite 13X in 46wt% CaCl2 solution for 36 hours. The increase in the total pore volume is good for further impregnating the zeolite with CaCl2. A large difference in equilibrium water uptake, 0.404g/g, between 25°C and 100°C under 870Pa was recorded for the 13X/CaCl2 composite adsorbent impregnated in 40wt% CaCl2 solution. This was 295% of that of zeolite 13X under the same condition. The 13X/CaCl2 composite adsorbent showed a high potential in replacing vapor compression chillers in producing chilled water for central air-conditioning systems.
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Li, M. J., S. I. Najafi i K. O. Hill. "Fully planar glass waveguides with grating". W OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1990.mo2.

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In another paper we have reported ion-exchanged glass waveguides with submicrometer etched gratings. In this paper, we report on the fabrication and characterization of ion-exchanged waveguides with ion-exchanged gratings. A two-step process is used to make these components. First, potassium-ion exchange is employed to produce the channel waveguides. Second, silver-ion exchange is used to fabricate the submicrometer (0.4-0.5 μm) gratings. Two-layer photoresist processing and a holographic setup with a He:Cd laser are used to make the gratings. To determine the efficiency of the grating, light from a He:Ne laser is coupled into the waveguides, and the ratio of the power in the first-order diffracted waves to the guided power at the output of the waveguides is measured. This calculation yields a value of approximately 1% when the above pair of ion-exchange processes is used. The efficiency can be modulated by using other ion-exchange processes or by applying an electric field during ion exchange.
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Crary, F., D. Young i J. Nordholt. "Exchange ions produced by an ion propulsion system". W 39th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2001-968.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Ion exchange"

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Balmer, M. L., i B. C. Bunker. Inorganic ion exchange evaluation and design: Silicotitanate ion exchange waste conversion. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), marzec 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/85908.

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Wallace, R. M. Ion Exchange Membrane Processes. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), październik 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/804675.

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Yen, S. N., J. A. Pike, R. A. Jacobs, M. R. Poirier, B. M. Sahawneh i R. K. Leugemors. Evaluation of Alternate Ion Exchange Designs for CST Non-Elutable Ion Exchange Process. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), czerwiec 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/782667.

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JPH Sukamto, ML Lilga i RK Orth. Electrically Switched Cesium Ion Exchange. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), październik 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1118.

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Lilga, M. A., R. J. Orth, J. P. H. Sukamto, D. T. Schwartz, S. M. Haight i J. D. Genders. Electrically switched cesium ion exchange. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), kwiecień 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/495697.

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Duhn, E. F. Ion exchange technology assessment report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), styczeń 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6420524.

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Duhn, E. F. Ion exchange technology assessment report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), grudzień 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10165109.

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Wilson, T. R. Organic decontamination by ion exchange. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), wrzesień 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10190009.

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Byers, C. (Meetings on industrial ion exchange). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), sierpień 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7055600.

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Erickson, D. G. Criticality safety evaluation of the 100K Area ion exchange modules and ion exchange columns. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), listopad 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10194930.

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