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Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Ion divalent”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 30 listopada 2024

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Ion divalent"

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Nguyen, Hung T., Naoto Hori i D. Thirumalai. "Theory and simulations for RNA folding in mixtures of monovalent and divalent cations". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, nr 42 (30.09.2019): 21022–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1911632116.

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RNA molecules cannot fold in the absence of counterions. Experiments are typically performed in the presence of monovalent and divalent cations. How to treat the impact of a solution containing a mixture of both ion types on RNA folding has remained a challenging problem for decades. By exploiting the large concentration difference between divalent and monovalent ions used in experiments, we develop a theory based on the reference interaction site model (RISM), which allows us to treat divalent cations explicitly while keeping the implicit screening effect due to monovalent ions. Our theory captures both the inner shell and outer shell coordination of divalent cations to phosphate groups, which we demonstrate is crucial for an accurate calculation of RNA folding thermodynamics. The RISM theory for ion–phosphate interactions when combined with simulations based on a transferable coarse-grained model allows us to predict accurately the folding of several RNA molecules in a mixture containing monovalent and divalent ions. The calculated folding free energies and ion-preferential coefficients for RNA molecules (pseudoknots, a fragment of the rRNA, and the aptamer domain of the adenine riboswitch) are in excellent agreement with experiments over a wide range of monovalent and divalent ion concentrations. Because the theory is general, it can be readily used to investigate ion and sequence effects on DNA properties.

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Zhang, Huacheng, Xingya Li, Jue Hou, Lei Jiang i Huanting Wang. "Angstrom-scale ion channels towards single-ion selectivity". Chemical Society Reviews 51, nr 6 (2022): 2224–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1cs00582k.

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García-Giménez, Elena, Antonio Alcaraz i Vicente M. Aguilella. "Divalent Metal Ion Transport across Large Biological Ion Channels and Their Effect on Conductance and Selectivity". Biochemistry Research International 2012 (2012): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/245786.

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Electrophysiological characterization of large protein channels, usually displaying multi-ionic transport and weak ion selectivity, is commonly performed at physiological conditions (moderate gradients of KCl solutions at decimolar concentrations buffered at neutral pH). We extend here the characterization of the OmpF porin, a wide channel of the outer membrane ofE. coli,by studying the effect of salts of divalent cations on the transport properties of the channel. The regulation of divalent cations concentration is essential in cell metabolism and understanding their effects is of key importance, not only in the channels specifically designed to control their passage but also in other multiionic channels. In particular, in porin channels like OmpF, divalent cations modulate the efficiency of molecules having antimicrobial activity. Taking advantage of the fact that the OmpF channel atomic structure has been resolved both in water and in MgCl2aqueous solutions, we analyze the single channel conductance and the channel selectivity inversion aiming to separate the role of the electrolyte itself, and the counterion accumulation induced by the protein channel charges and other factors (binding, steric effects, etc.) that being of minor importance in salts of monovalent cations become crucial in the case of divalent cations.

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Chremos, Alexandros, Matan Mussel, Jack F. Douglas i Ferenc Horkay. "Ion Partition in Polyelectrolyte Gels and Nanogels". Gels 9, nr 11 (7.11.2023): 881. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels9110881.

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Polyelectrolyte gels provide a load-bearing structural framework for many macroscopic biological tissues, along with the organelles within the cells composing tissues and the extracellular matrices linking the cells at a larger length scale than the cells. In addition, they also provide a medium for the selective transportation and sequestration of ions and molecules necessary for life. Motivated by these diverse problems, we focus on modeling ion partitioning in polyelectrolyte gels immersed in a solution with a single type of ionic valence, i.e., monovalent or divalent salts. Specifically, we investigate the distribution of ions inside the gel structure and compare it with the bulk, i.e., away from the gel structure. In this first exploratory study, we neglect solvation effects in our gel by modeling the gels without an explicit solvent description, with the understanding that such an approach may be inadequate for describing ion partitioning in real polyelectrolyte gels. We see that this type of model is nonetheless a natural reference point for considering gels with solvation. Based on our idealized polymer network model without explicit solvent, we find that the ion partition coefficients scale with the salt concentration, and the ion partition coefficient for divalent ions is higher than for monovalent ions over a wide range of Bjerrum length (lB) values. For gels having both monovalent and divalent salts, we find that divalent ions exhibit higher ion partition coefficients than monovalent salt for low divalent salt concentrations and low lB. However, we also find evidence that the neglect of an explicit solvent, and thus solvation, provides an inadequate description when compared to experimental observations. Thus, in future work, we must consider both ion and polymer solvation to obtain a more realistic description of ion partitioning in polyelectrolyte gels.

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Onoe, Sakura, Myu Yoshida, Naoya Terahara i Yoshiyuki Sowa. "Coupling Ion Specificity of the Flagellar Stator Proteins MotA1/MotB1 of Paenibacillus sp. TCA20". Biomolecules 10, nr 7 (20.07.2020): 1078. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom10071078.

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The bacterial flagellar motor is a reversible rotary molecular nanomachine, which couples ion flux across the cytoplasmic membrane to torque generation. It comprises a rotor and multiple stator complexes, and each stator complex functions as an ion channel and determines the ion specificity of the motor. Although coupling ions for the motor rotation were presumed to be only monovalent cations, such as H+ and Na+, the stator complex MotA1/MotB1 of Paenibacillus sp. TCA20 (MotA1TCA/MotB1TCA) was reported to use divalent cations as coupling ions, such as Ca2+ and Mg2+. In this study, we initially aimed to measure the motor torque generated by MotA1TCA/MotB1TCA under the control of divalent cation motive force; however, we identified that the coupling ion of MotA1TCAMotB1TCA is very likely to be a monovalent ion. We engineered a series of functional chimeric stator proteins between MotB1TCA and Escherichia coli MotB. E. coli ΔmotAB cells expressing MotA1TCA and the chimeric MotB presented significant motility in the absence of divalent cations. Moreover, we confirmed that MotA1TCA/MotB1TCA in Bacillus subtilis ΔmotABΔmotPS cells generates torque without divalent cations. Based on two independent experimental results, we conclude that the MotA1TCA/MotB1TCA complex directly converts the energy released from monovalent cation flux to motor rotation.

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Zheng, Alvin Lim Teik, Supakorn Boonyuen, Teruhisa Ohno i Yoshito Andou. "Hydrothermally Reduced Graphene Hydrogel Intercalated with Divalent Ions for Dye Adsorption Studies". Processes 9, nr 1 (18.01.2021): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9010169.

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Fundamental studies involving divalent ion intercalated graphene-based hydrogel are still lacking in terms of their adsorption behavior towards dye pollutants. In this study, we prepared a self-assembled Mg2+ and Ca2+ intercalated reduced graphene hydrogel (rGH) using hydrothermal treatment to evaluate the intercalation impact on the adsorption capability towards cationic dyes, methylene blue and rhodamine B. The morphological, structural, thermal, and textural properties of the divalent ion intercalated reduced graphene hydrogels were studied using Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, thermogravimetric analysis, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area analysis, and X-ray diffraction. The increased adsorption capacity of the divalent ion intercalated reduced graphene-based hydrogels towards the dye molecules resulted from the increase in the specific surface area and pore volume due to the Mg2+ and Ca2+ bridging that formed spaces between the graphene sheets framework. Adsorption kinetics and the equilibrium adsorption isotherm were fitted by a pseudo-second-order alongside intraparticle diffusion kinetic models and Langmuir isotherm respectively. In addition, the divalent ion intercalated reduced graphene hydrogel showed good generation after three cycles of simultaneous adsorption.

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Hutchison, Alastair J. "Predialysis management of divalent ion metabolism". Kidney International 56 (grudzień 1999): 82–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1755.1999.07306.x.

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Madrigal González, Blanca, Graham Christie, Colin A. B. Davidson, Jeff Blyth i Christopher R. Lowe. "Divalent metal ion-sensitive holographic sensors". Analytica Chimica Acta 528, nr 2 (styczeń 2005): 219–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2004.03.029.

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Nasi, Enrico, i Maria del Pilar Gomez. "Divalent Cation Interactions with Light-Dependent K Channels". Journal of General Physiology 114, nr 5 (11.10.1999): 653–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.114.5.653.

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The light-dependent K conductance of hyperpolarizing Pecten photoreceptors exhibits a pronounced outward rectification that is eliminated by removal of extracellular divalent cations. The voltage-dependent block by Ca2+ and Mg2+ that underlies such nonlinearity was investigated. Both divalents reduce the photocurrent amplitude, the potency being significantly higher for Ca2+ than Mg2+ (K1/2 ≈ 16 and 61 mM, respectively, at Vm = −30 mV). Neither cation is measurably permeant. Manipulating the concentration of permeant K ions affects the blockade, suggesting that the mechanism entails occlusion of the permeation pathway. The voltage dependency of Ca2+ block is consistent with a single binding site located at an electrical distance of δ ≈ 0.6 from the outside. Resolution of light-dependent single-channel currents under physiological conditions indicates that blockade must be slow, which prompted the use of perturbation/relaxation methods to analyze its kinetics. Voltage steps during illumination produce a distinct relaxation in the photocurrent (τ = 5–20 ms) that disappears on removal of Ca2+ and Mg2+ and thus reflects enhancement or relief of blockade, depending on the polarity of the stimulus. The equilibration kinetics are significantly faster with Ca2+ than with Mg2+, suggesting that the process is dominated by the “on” rate, perhaps because of a step requiring dehydration of the blocking ion to access the binding site. Complementary strategies were adopted to investigate the interaction between blockade and channel gating: the photocurrent decay accelerates with hyperpolarization, but the effect requires extracellular divalents. Moreover, conditioning voltage steps terminated immediately before light stimulation failed to affect the photocurrent. These observations suggest that equilibration of block at different voltages requires an open pore. Inducing channels to close during a conditioning hyperpolarization resulted in a slight delay in the rising phase of a subsequent light response; this effect can be interpreted as closure of the channel with a divalent ion trapped inside.

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Aiken, ML, MH Ginsberg i EF Plow. "Divalent cation-dependent and independent surface expression of thrombospondin on thrombin-stimulated human platelets". Blood 69, nr 1 (1.01.1987): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v69.1.58.58.

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Abstract Thrombospondin (TSP), a platelet alpha-granule protein, becomes expressed on the surface of thrombin-stimulated platelets. The surface expression of this protein occurs through two distinct mechanisms. At low platelet concentrations (1 X 10(8)/mL), a divalent ion-dependent, low-capacity mechanism predominates. At higher cell concentrations, a divalent ion-dependent, higher capacity mechanism prevails that can account for greater than 90% of all the TSP surface expression measured. This mechanism requires the presence of both calcium and magnesium (Ca + Mg). The dependence of the divalent ion-dependent surface expression on platelet concentration suggests that release of the molecule from the cell followed by its binding to the cell surface mediates this component of the endogenous TSP-platelet interaction. These data are consistent with a two-receptor model for the platelet- surface expression of the endogenous TSP pool.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Ion divalent"

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Rozycki, Torsten von. "Computational investigations of divalent heavy metal ion homeostasis". kostenfrei, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:3:4-359.

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Veras, Lea. "NMDA Receptor Transmembrane Domain: Structure and Divalent Ion Selectivity". Research Showcase @ CMU, 2014. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/1036.

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During a synaptic signal, NMDA receptors are the only ionotropic glutamate receptor subfamily that besides glutamate require glycine and membrane depolarization to allow ion permeation. The depolarization is necessary to release Mg2+ of the channel of NMDA receptors. Of the ions that permeate these ion channels, Ca2+ is of importance because it is essential for learning and memory. Furthermore, NMDA receptor dysfunction has been associated with several nervous system disorders, and thus understanding NMDA receptor functions and dysfunctions are relevant for rational drug design. The mechanisms by which NMDA receptors select Ca2+ for permeation over all other physiological ions, while binding Mg2+ and restricting other ions’ permeation, are not well understood. We hypothesize that the slightly different atomic properties of Mg2+ and Ca2+ result in different mechanisms for how each divalent ion moves across the channel. To create a more complete picture of the permeation mechanism and prove our hypothesis, we performed a multi-level computational chemistry approach. Our research methods consisted of three main steps. The first step was to perform quantum chemical and molecular dynamic calculations to quantitatively predict ion interactions with solvents that mimic the heterogeneous environment of the protein. The second step consisted of modeling, refining, and equilibrating a homology model of the NMDA receptor transmembrane domain. The final step consisted of using the equilibrated transmembrane domain NMDA receptor model to study the actual ionic environment in the protein and simulate the energy involved in the permeation process. For the first step, we found that the solvents mimic the behavior of the residues in the core of our NMDA receptor model because in both set of systems Ca2+ is more permissive than Mg2+ to exchange ligands. As the conclusions in second and third steps, we also observed that the aspargines in the NMDAR model provide the ideal cage environment, that functions like branches and capture the each divalent ion. Hence, an equilibrated TMD NMDAR model was built, the presence of each divalent ion in the protein was simulated, and the permeation mechanism was better understood.

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Sari, Hayati. "Potentiometric determination of divalent ion speciation in presense of coordinating ligands". Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262883.

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Menton, Kevin. "Intracellular mechanisms of manganese neurotoxicity". Thesis, University of Sunderland, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.311078.

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Kuzmission, Andrew G. "General base and divalent metal ion catalyzed dissociation of pyruvate hydrate and hemiacetals /". The Ohio State University, 1994. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487849377293583.

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Patel, D. "Mechanism of the Hsp90 chaperone cycle : investigation of divalent ion binding and conformational change". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2012. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1348542/.

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Hsp90 chaperones a large number of client proteins that perform diverse functions including roles in signal transduction and cell cycle regulation. Since a subset of these clients are proto-oncogenes, Hsp90 has emerged as a target for anti-cancer therapeutics. The chaperone function of Hsp90 involves an ATP-dependent cycle of conformational changes: recently, X-ray crystallography and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) have provided evidence that these changes occur primarily within the N-terminal and middle domains of the protein which are thought to form a closed conformation following ATP binding that facilitates ATP hydrolysis. The research described herein is broadly divided into two sections. Initially we investigate the thermodynamics of nucleotide binding to the isolated N-terminal domain of Hsp90 (N-Hsp90) and the role of the divalent Mg2+ ion in this interaction. This provides a rationale for how the binding of two structurally similar nucleotides, AMP-PNP (Adenosine 5′-(β,γ-imido)triphosphate tetralithium salt hydrate); an ATP analogue) and ADP that differ in structure by a single phosphate group, produce significantly different thermodynamic signatures. Isothermal titration calorimetry was used to characterize the thermodynamic profiles of nucleotide binding to N-Hsp90 and various mutants of NHsp90. The effect of incorporation of another divalent ion when compared to the native Mg2+ ion in the binding of the AMP-PNP ligand has a significant effect on the thermodynamic properties of complex formation. By substituting different cations in the solvent we were able to establish the potential importance of the hydration properties of the metal ion in the associated observed heat capacities and resulting conformational changes of the domain. Secondly, we investigated the conformational changes associated with the turnover of ATP by the full length Hsp90 protein. It is well know that the conformational changes that take place post ATP binding and hydrolysis are responsible for the activation of Hsp90 and its role in the chaperoning of the large plethora of clientele that it has been associated with. Investigating the nature of the conformational changes associated with the full length Hsp90 during its ATP cycle using double electron-electron resonance (DEER) spectroscopy revealed previously unknown dynamics of the chaperone even in the absence of AMP-PNP. Furthermore, this method also revealed additional rearrangements whereby all three domains of Hsp90 undergo opening and closing in the absence and presence of the nucleotide. Furthermore, the crystal structure of the full length Hsp90 in complex with AMP-PNP and the co-chaperone Sba1/p23 revealed a conformation where the M domains of the dimer are shown to be in close association to one another; our data suggests that this state is only achieved upon the binding of the co-chaperone Sba1/p23, and not as a result of AMP-PNP binding as has previously been suggested. The findings from the DEER data provide a potential mechanism in which Sba1/p23 ‘halts’ the ATP cycle of Hsp90 in an ATP ‘active’ state, thereby enabling Sba1/p23 to recruit and process its client proteins. The additional conformational rearrangements observed in our study could be viewed as potential targets for the development of innovative therapeutics against this highly diverse molecular chaperone.

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Wu, Nan. "Capacitive reverse electrodialysis cells for osmotic energy harvesting : Toward real brines and power enhancement". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPSLS019.

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Face aux problèmes de réchauffement climatique, trouver des ressources énergétiques propres et durables pour remplacer les combustibles fossiles conventionnels est d'une importance capitale. L'énergie osmotique demeure une ressource énergétique inexploitée avec un potentiel significatif. Dans ce travail, nous parvenons à une conversion efficace de l'énergie osmotique en électricité grâce à un processus de mélange bien contrôlé utilisant un système d'électrodialyse inverse capacitif (CRED). Il est démontré qu'un écart substantiel de densité de puissance existe entre le système CRED et la valeur maximale théorique, principalement en raison de l'efficacité de conversion faible du flux ionique-électronique dans les électrodes capacitifs. Pour pallier cette limitation, nous proposons la stratégie de boosting pour optimiser le régime de fonctionnement du système CRED. Des expériences et des modélisations confirment une amélioration de la performance énergétique du système CRED. Pour avancer vers des applications réelles, nous évaluons les performances du système CRED sous des solutions composées de mélanges ioniques complexes. Contrairement à la chute significative de la densité de puissance observée dans les systèmes RED classiques, le système CRED ne présente qu'une légère diminution lorsqu'il est soumis à des solutions avec un mélange d'ions divalents. Ce phénomène est attribué au renversement périodique des solutions dans les compartiments, qui atténue l'effet d'empoisonnement de la membrane. Ce résultat est ensuite validé par des tests à long terme avec des solutions réelles. Pour généraliser le système CRED dans un spectre plus large, nous proposons une cellule de gradient de pH avec des électrodes de MnO2 à pseudo-capacité. Elle utilise l'énergie osmotique établie dans un processus de capture de CO2 basé sur un électrolyte et vise à réduire le coût global du processus de capture de carbone. La cellule de gradient de pH présente une augmentation inattendue de la densité de puissance sous la stratégie de boosting. Cela est dû à la contribution de tension supplémentaire des électrodes en raison du changement de couverture fractionnelle lié aux réactions d'oxydoréduction. Cependant, elle reste dans le cadre du régime capacitif et est bien décrite par une modélisation CRED adaptée
Given the global warming issues, finding clean and sustainable energy resources to replace conventional fossil fuels is of paramount importance. Osmotic energy remains an untapped energy resource with significant potential. In this work, we achieve efficient conversion of osmotic energy into electricity through a well-controlled mixing process using a capacitive reverse electrodialysis (CRED) system. It is demonstrated that a substantial power density gap exists between the CRED system and the theoretical maximum value, primarily due to the low ionic-electronic flux conversion efficiency in capacitive electrodes. To address this limitation, we propose the boosting strategy to optimize the working regime of the CRED system. Both experiments and modeling confirm an enhanced energy performance of the CRED system. To advance towards real-world applications, we assess the performance of the CRED system under solutions composed of complex ion mixing. In contrast to the significant power density drop observed in classic RED systems, the CRED system exhibits only a minor decrease when subjected to solutions with divalent ion mixing. This phenomenon is attributed to the periodic water chamber reversal, which mitigates the membrane poisoning effect. This result is further validated through long-term testing with real-world solutions. To generalize the CRED system into a broader spectrum, we propose a pH gradient cell with MnO2 electrodes of pseudo capacitance. It uses the osmotic energy established within an electrolyte based CO2 capturing process and aims to reduce the overall cost of carbon capturing process. The pH gradient cell presents unexpected power density increase under boosting strategy. This is due to the additional electrode voltage contribution due to fractional coverage change related to redox reactions. However, it stays in the framework of capacitive regime and remains well described by an adapted CRED modeling

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Okafor, Chiamaka Denise. "Metallobiochemistry of RNA: Mg(II) and Fe(II) in divalent binding sites". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53904.

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Cations are essential for ribonucleic acids (RNA), as they neutralize the negatively charged phosphate backbone. Divalent metals play important roles in the folding and function of RNA. The relationship between RNA and divalent cations magnesium (Mg(II)) and iron (Fe(II)) has been investigated. Mg(II) is involved in tertiary interactions of many large RNAs, and necessary for ribozyme activity. The influence of Mg(II) on RNA secondary and tertiary structure is investigated experimentally. Mg(II) binding to A-form RNA is accompanied by changes in CD spectra, indicating that Mg-RNA interactions influence the helical structure of RNA duplexes and helical regions of unfolded RNAs. Quantum mechanics calculations are used to probe the energetics of Mg(II)-chelation with phosphate oxygen atoms of nucleic acids. We identify the specific forces that contribute to stability of Mg(II)-chelation complexes in RNA. Fe(II) can serve as a substitute for Mg(II) in RNA folding and function. Fe(II) was abundant on early earth, it is plausible that RNA folding and function was mediated by Fe(II) instead of, or in combination with, Mg(II) in the anoxic environment of early earth. We have investigated oxidoreductase catalytic activity observed in RNA when in combination with Fe(II). This activity, only observed in the presence of Fe(II) and absence of Mg(II)appears to be a resurrection of ancient RNA capabilities that were extinguished upon the depletion of Fe(II) from the environment during the rise of oxygen after the great oxidation event. Finally, metal-ion based cleavage of RNA is used to identify the binding sites of Mg(II) and Fe(II). We observe that both metals cleave RNA in similar positions, providing further support for Fe(II) as a substitute for Mg(II) in RNA.

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Shawki, Ali. "The Functional Properties and Intestinal Role of the H⁺-Coupled Divalent Metal-Ion Transporter 1, DMT1". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1448037106.

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Brännvall, Mathias. "Metal ion cooperativity in Escherichia coli RNase P RNA". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för cell- och molekylärbiologi, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-2056.

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RNase P is an essential ribonuclease responsible for removal of the 5’ leader of tRNA precursors. Bacterial RNase P consists of an RNA subunit and a small basic protein. The catalytic activity is associated with the RNA subunit, i.e. bacterial RNase P RNA is a ribozyme. The protein subunit is, however, essential for activity in vivo. RNase P RNA, as well as the holoenzyme, requires the presence of divalent metal ions for activity. The aim of this thesis was to increase our understanding of the catalytic mechanism of RNase P RNA mediated cleavage. The importance of the nucleotides close to the cleavage site and the roles of divalent metal ions in RNase P RNA-catalyzed reaction were investigated. Escherichia coli RNase P RNA (M1 RNA) was used as a model system. It was shown that different metal ions have differential effects on cleavage site recognition. Cleavage activity was rescued by mixing metal ions that do not promote cleavage activity by themselves. This suggests that efficient and correct cleavage is the result of metal ion cooperativity in the RNase P RNA-mediated cleavage reaction. The results suggested that one of the metal ions involved in this cooperativity is positioned in the vicinity of a well-known interaction between RNase P RNA and its substrate. Based on my studies on how different metal ions bind to RNA and influence its activity we raise the interesting possibility that the activity of biocatalysts that depend on RNA for activity are up- or downregulated depending on the intracellular concentrations of the bulk biological metal ions Mg2+ and Ca2+. The nucleotides upstream of the cleavage site in the substrate were found to influence the cleavage efficiency. This was not exclusively due to intermolecular base pairing within the substrate but also dependent on the identities of the nucleotides at position –2 and –1. The strength of the base pair at position –1/+73 was demonstrated to affect cleavage efficiency. These observations are in keeping with previous suggestion that the nucleotides close to the cleavage site are important for RNase P cleavage. We conclude that the residue at -1 is a positive determinant for cleavage by RNase P. Hence, my studies extend our understanding of the RNase P cleavage site recognition process.

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Książki na temat "Ion divalent"

1

Mazza, Vince Michael. Divalent metal ion catalysis in the hydrolysis of aminoacyl alkyl phosphates. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 1996.

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Marie, Mohammed Assem Said. Regulation of potassium and divalent ion concentration in stenohaline and euryhaline teleosts. [s.l.]: [s.n.], 1986.

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Solymar, L., D. Walsh i R. R. A. Syms. The band theory of solids. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198829942.003.0007.

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The solution of Schrodinger’s equation is discussed for a model in which atoms are represented by potential wells, from which the band structure follows. Three further models are discussed, the Ziman model (which is based on the effect of Bragg reflection upon the wave functions), and the Feynman model (based on coupled equations), and the tight binding model (based on a more realistic solution of the Schrödinger equation). The concept of effective mass is introduced, followed by the effective number of electrons. The difference between metals and insulators based on their band structure is discussed. The concept of holes is introduced. The band structure of divalent metals is explained. For finite temperatures the Fermi–Dirac function is combined with band theory whence the distinction between insulators and semiconductors is derived.

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Houillier, Pascal. Magnesium homeostasis. Redaktor Robert Unwin. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0027.

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Magnesium is critically important in the process of energy release. Although most magnesium is stored outside the extracellular fluid compartment, the regulated concentration appears in blood. Urinary magnesium excretion can decrease rapidly to low values when magnesium entry rate into the extracellular fluid volume is low, which has several important implications: cell and bone magnesium do not play a major role in the defence of blood magnesium concentration; while a major role is played by the kidney and especially the renal tubule, which adapts to match the urinary magnesium excretion and net entry of magnesium into extracellular fluid. In the kidney, magnesium is reabsorbed in the proximal tubule, the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle (TALH), and the distal convoluted tubule (DCT). Magnesium absorption is mainly paracellular in the proximal tubule and TALH, whereas it is transcellular in the DCT. The hormone(s) regulating renal magnesium transport and blood magnesium concentration are not fully understood. Renal tubular magnesium transport is altered by a number of hormones, mainly in the TALH and DCT. Parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, arginine vasopressin, ß-adrenergic agonists, and epidermal growth factor, all increase renal tubular magnesium reabsorption; in contrast, prostaglandin E2 decreases magnesium reabsorption. Non-hormonal factors also influence magnesium reabsorption: it is decreased by high blood concentrations of calcium and magnesium, probably via the action of divalent cations on the calcium-sensing receptor; metabolic acidosis decreases, and metabolic alkalosis increases, renal magnesium reabsorption.

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Części książek na temat "Ion divalent"

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Assadi, Farahnak. "Disorders of Divalent Ion Metabolism". W Clinical Decisions in Pediatric Nephrology, 97–123. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-74602-9_3.

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Yova, Dido, Vasso Karnavezou i George Boudouris. "Interactions of Divalent Cations with Planar Lipid Membranes Containing Phosphatidylserine". W Ion Interactions in Energy Transfer Biomembranes, 87–91. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-8410-6_9.

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Kapinos, L. E., S. V. Kornilova i Yu P. Blagoi. "IR Spectroscopic Study of Divalent Metal Ion Effect on DNA Conformational Transitions". W Spectroscopy of Biological Molecules, 351. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0371-8_160.

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Andrushchenko, V. V., S. V. Kornilova, L. E. Kapinos, E. V. Hackl i Yu P. Blagoi. "IR-Spectroscopic and Theoretical Studies of the Divalent Metal Ion Binding To DNA". W Spectroscopy of Biological Molecules: Modern Trends, 387–88. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5622-6_173.

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Westbrook, Gary L., i Mark L. Mayer. "Divalent Cations as Modulators of NMDA-Receptor Channels on Mouse Central Neurons". W Calcium and Ion Channel Modulation, 383–93. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0975-8_32.

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Klipper, R. M., H. Hoffmann i T. Augustin. "The Removal of Divalent Anions and Cations from Feed Brine for Chloralkali-Electrolysis Cells by Utilization of Ion Exchange Technology". W Ion Exchange Advances, 414–19. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2864-3_54.

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Mamo, Asaye, Thomas Heeb i Kent S. Knaebel. "Equilibrium and Diffusion Rate Effects of Univalent and Divalent Ions in a Bifunctional Resin". W Fundamentals and Applications of Ion Exchange, 116–27. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5161-7_11.

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Carlier, Marie-France, Catherine Valentin-Ranc, Cecile Combeau, Stephane Fievez i Dominique Pantoloni. "Actin Polymerization: Regulation by Divalent Metal Ion and Nucleotide Binding, ATP Hydrolysis and Binding of Myosin". W Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 71–81. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2578-3_7.

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Ren, Yan-Guo, Niklas Henriksson i Anders Virtanen. "Identification of Divalent Metal Ion Binding Sites in RNA/DNA-Metabolizing Enzymes by Fe(II)-Mediated Hydroxyl Radical Cleavage". W Handbook of RNA Biochemistry, 397–406. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527647064.ch19.

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Andronikashvili, E. L. "Divalent Metals and Cancer". W Water and Ions in Biological Systems, 129–36. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0424-9_11.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Ion divalent"

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Oh, K., U. C. Paek i T. F. Morse. "Photosensitivity in multi-valent rare earth ion doped aluminosilicate glass optical fiber". W Bragg Gratings, Photosensitivity, and Poling in Glass Fibers and Waveguides. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/bgppf.1997.jsue.18.

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Multivalent rare earth ion, Sm+2/Sm+3 was incorporated into aluminosilicate glass fiber using an aerosol delivery technique. Co-doping of trivalent and divalent states of the ions has been spectroscopically confirmed. Irradiated by multi-line CW Ar ion laser of 1 Watt, the fiber showed photoinduced refractive change of 7.6 × 10−5. Bleaching of Sm+2 absorption band was also observed. Photoionization of Sm+2 is believed to be a main cause of the photosensitivity.

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Alanazi, Khalid, Ram Mohan, Srinivas Swaroop Kolla i Ovadia Shoham. "Influence of Monovalent and Divalent Salts on Oil-Water Emulsion Stabilized by Nonionic Surfactants". W ASME 2024 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the ASME 2024 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2024 18th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2024-130367.

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Abstract It is still unclear how the presence of certain ions influences nonionic surfactant-stabilized emulsions. Hence, the purpose of this work is to investigate the effect of monovalent (NaCl) and divalent (CaCl2) ions on an oil-water emulsion stabilized by two different nonionic surfactants, Tergitol 15-S-7 (T15S7) and Span® 80 (SP80). Emulsions were formed in a 60 mm gravity-based separator of a nominal volume of 200 ml. In addition to a wide range of ion concentration, the study looked at the effect of low (800 RPM) and high (2500 RPM) mixing speeds at water-to-oil ratios (WORs) of 1:3 and 3:1. At low mixing speeds and WORs, experimental results showed that the presence of ion (regardless of its concentration or type) does not affect emulsions stabilized by SP80. However, when mixed at higher speeds, ions were shown to increase the volume of the same system. Data of SP80-stabilized emulsions also showed that the increase of WOR from 1:3 to 3:1 causes a significant drop in the volume of the emulsion regardless of ion type and/or concentration. On the contrary, at a WOR of 1:3, the presence of ions was shown to reduce the volume of T1S57-stabilized emulsions. However, although mixed at two different speeds, the separation kinetics of T15S7-stabilized emulsions became salt-independent after a few hours of formation.

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Albonico, Paola, i T. P. Lockhart. "Divalent Ion-Resistant Polymer Gels for High-Temperature Applications: Syneresis Inhibiting Additives". W SPE International Symposium on Oilfield Chemistry. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/25220-ms.

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Bolourinejad, Panteha, Dirk Groenendijk, Johannes Van Wunnik i Miranda Mooijer- van den Heuvel. "Surfactant Adsorption on Carbonate Rocks". W SPE Conference at Oman Petroleum & Energy Show. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/200079-ms.

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Abstract In order to improve the waterflooding efficiency, surfactants and polymers are added to the water; this process is called surfactant–polymer (SP) flooding. One of the problems for this process is high adsorption of surfactants to the rock surface and specially to carbonate rock surfaces. The focus of this work is: to quantify experimentally the adsorption of anionic surfactants to carbonate rock surfaces, obtain a qualitative understanding of the mechanisms at play and identify suitable adsorption inhibitors. The main outcomes of the work are: the adsorption of the surfactants used can be around three times higher (mg per g of rock) on calcite than on sandstone and dolomite. Higher concentrations of divalent ions lead to higher adsorption, and the adsorption also depends on the monovalent ion concentration. Several adsorption inhibitors are identified that can reduce the adsorption substantially, of which polyacrylate showed the most significant reduction. The divalent ions are thought to form a bridge between the anionic surfactants and the charged rock surfaces. The adsorption inhibitors capture the divalent ions, reducing their concentration in solution and, consequently, the adsorption of surfactants. More work is needed on the effectiveness of this concept at higher salinities before a first-pass technical and economic evaluation on the use of adsorption reducing agents on a field-scale can be performed.

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Lingg, L. J., C. K. Hwangbo, B. G. Bovard, J. P. Lehan i H. A. Macleod. "Effect of Ion-Assisted Deposition on the Crystallinity of Samarium Fluoride Films". W Optical Interference Coatings. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oic.1988.thb10.

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Crystalline structure is known to be a very important factor in coating performance. This was shown most recently in fluorides by work on MgF21,2 and on LaF33,4. This paper examines the influence of ion-assisted deposition (IAD) and deposition temperature on single layer coatings of SmF3. The samarium cation is both divalent and trivalent and the trifluoride has two possible crystalline structures: hexagonal and orthorhombic. As a result, the two variations on deposition technique produce films of very different crystal structures and orientations.

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Hasan, Syed Mahedi, Milon, Md Rakib Hossain, Md Kamal Hossain, Farid Ahmed i Md Abul Hossain. "Hexagonal boron cluster as an anode material for divalent-ion (Ca2+) storage: A theoretical study". W 2017 IEEE Region 10 Humanitarian Technology Conference (R10-HTC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/r10-htc.2017.8288948.

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Zhao, Huimin, Lixin Zang, Guixiang Hu i Chenshan Guo. "Optical properties of a paramagnetic metalloporphyrin hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether coordinated to divalent manganese metal ion". W Second International Conference on Photonics and Optical Engineering, redaktorzy Chunmin Zhang i Anand Asundi. SPIE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2261087.

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Wang, Lianhe, Guangfeng Liu, Fan Jiang, Hengli Wang i Daoyong Yang. "Rock-Fluid Interactions in a Tight Sandstone Reservoir". W ASME 2024 43rd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2024-126754.

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Abstract In this work, we present a comprehensive and practical framework to quantify the dynamic characteristics of pore-throat structure together with wettability alterations during a waterflooding process in a tight sandstone reservoir in addition to evaluating the impact of ionic composition and salinity on its performance. Thin section analysis, XRD analysis, SEM tests, PMI and RMI experiments, contact angle measurements, zeta potential tests, and displacement experiments with and without surfactants are integrated. In a reservoir, throats with a radius greater than 0.2 μm are found to control less than 40% of its porosity but contribute over 95% to its permeability. While pore size distribution remains relatively stable, average throat radius with the maximum frequency is decreased from 0.5 μm to 0.3 μm, resulting in a 13.9% decrease in average permeability. Compared to that of using pure brine, adding surfactants reduces the cutoff movable throat radius from 0.033 μm to 0.019 μm, leading to an incremental oil recovery of 4.26%. In a strongly water-wetting formation with its oil filling the center of a pore in the form of oil droplets, the movable water saturation in the two-phase flow zone on the relative permeability curves ranges from 22.5% to 55.1%. At the isotonic point, the water saturation is 43.6%, resulting in a waterflooding oil recovery of 42.1%. Conversely, in a weakly oil-wetting formation with its oil mainly distributing in the form of an oil film, water saturation in the two-phase flow zone varies from 22.3% to 48.1%. At the isotonic point, the water saturation is 38.1%, resulting in a waterflooding oil recovery of 33.2%. Experimental observations demonstrate that low salinity water (LSW) injection expands the electric double layer (EDL) on the oil/brine and rock/brine interfaces, altering the rock wettability; however, the presence of divalent ions in the LSW undermines such wettability alteration. On the other hand, permeability reduction resulting from salinity decrease can be alleviated by introducing divalent ions into the LSW, while continuous injection of monovalent brine reduces the ultimate oil recovery. Alternatively, a mixture of monovalent and divalent ions in LSW is utilized to revive permeability and maintain wettability alteration. Furthermore, an optimized divalent ion concentration is found to be conducive to reducing the cutoff throat radius and achieving a higher oil recovery in a tight sandstone reservoir.

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Shen, Yu-Yi, Guannan Deng, Xin Wang, Yuqing Ye, Amit Reiss, Xuanzhu Yao, Daniel Pimentel, Cianna Leschied, Amy T. Kan i Mason B. Tomson. "Impact of High Calcium Concentrations on Barite Scale Prediction Under High Temperature and High Pressure Conditions". W SPE Oilfield Scale Symposium. SPE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/218707-ms.

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Abstract Scale prediction and inhibition is one of the crucial challenges in the oil and gas industry. Thriving demand for gasoline drives the oil and gas industry into intensified production. Many of these unconventional sites face the challenge of high temperature and high pressure (HTHP) issues. This study focuses on improving the scale prediction of barite in the condition for calcium concentration up to 2 m with pressure up to 18,000 psi, temperature up to 200°C, and TDS (total dissolved solids) over 300,000 mg/L. A flow-through apparatus capable of simulating HTHP conditions was developed, and barite solubility was measured. The study assesses the solubility of barite in feed solutions containing different concentrations of CaCl2, NaCl, and Na2SO4. A reliable solubility prediction model, based on Pitzer ion-interaction theory, is developed for barite to encompass a wide range of brine compositions as well as extended temperature and pressure conditions (T<200°C, P<18,000 psi, and Ca<2 m). Findings reveal that the barite solubility increases with the ionic strength while some ion interactions remain unclear at HTHP conditions. Quantifying ion interaction parameters related to divalent ions (Ca2+, Ba2+, SO42−) gives more reliable predictions of mineral solubility at high calcium concentrations. An accurate prediction of barite scale formation in oil field brine enables better control of inhibitor dosage and reduces unnecessary environmental impacts.

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Marx, Markus, Roland Grillneder, Markus Lüftenegger, Christof Krenn, Martin Kornberger i Rafael Eduardo Hincapie. "Alkali-Polymer EOR Flooding in Europe: Part I - Surface: Water Softening Field Tests in Presence of Back-Produced Polymer". W SPE/IATMI Asia Pacific Oil & Gas Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/215225-ms.

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Abstract Maximized depletion of mature oil reservoirs is gaining substantial importance. One of the last measures to be considered in the late life of a suitable brownfield is likely to be alkaline-polymer-EOR. OMV is currently carrying out alkaline polymer flood projects in Austria and Romania. Since AP flooding introduces significantly increased complexity, it is vital to take maximum advantage of available expertise and to not pass up any opportunity to generate additional field-based data whenever possible. Field tests performed in the Matzen Field (Austria) were used to qualify an ion-exchange-based water softening process in saline produced water and in the presence of back-produced partially hydrolyzed polymer (HPAM). A stringent goal was set to reduce the divalent cation concentration in produced water to less than 5mg/l at the test location. Evaluations were thoroughly performed under a broad variety of operating conditions and water characteristics. A thorough analysis and evaluation was performed on the impacts of various concentrations of oil and polymer or altered viscosities, as well as modified operating conditions such as flux rates. Observations describe different mechanisms related to water salinity and polymer-induced viscosity, as well as the way in which they affect the efficiency of the process. The WAC ion exchanger unit was optimized and adjusted to ensure compliance with the targeted divalent cation concentration in the presence of more than 400ppm of back-produced HPAM and more than 23 g/l of TDS content. Under these conditions, optimum operating conditions and risk mitigation measures were identified in order to achieve the best unit availability and service time between regeneration cycles. Last of all, an economic outlook was created in terms of expected chemical consumption for ion exchanger operation in the presence of back-produced polymer. The outcomes of this field trial provided crucial insights into operational aspects, allowed significant risk reduction, and represented the basis for designing upscaled water softening systems which were implemented in alkaline polymer flood projects in OMV assets.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Ion divalent"

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B. Widman. Modelling Mixed Bed Ion Exchange Kinetics for Removal of Trace Levels of Divalent Cations in Ultrapure Water. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), styczeń 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/822270.

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Ferris, F. Grant. Co-Precipitation of Trace Metals in Groundwater & Vadose Zone Calcite: In Situ Containment & Stabilization of Strontium-90 & Other Divalent Metals & Radionuclid. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), czerwiec 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/838499.

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Smith, Robert W. Trace Metals in Groundwater & Vadose Zone Calcite: In Situ Containment & Stabilization of Stronthium-90 & Other Divalent Metals & Radionuclides at Arid West DOE. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), czerwiec 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/893342.

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Smith, Robert W. Trace Metals in Groundwater & Vadose Zone Calcite: In Situ Containment & Stabilization of Stronthium-90 & Other Divalent Metals & Radionuclides at Arid West DOE. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), czerwiec 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/885256.

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Robert W. Smith, F. Rick S. Colwell, Jani C. Ingram, F. Grant Ferris, Anna-Louise Reysenback i Yoshiko Fujita. Calcite Precipitation and Trace Metal Partitioning in Groundwater and the Vadose Zone: Remediation of Strontium -90 and Other Divalent Metals and Radionuclides in Arid Western Environments. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), luty 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/809800.

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F. Grant Ferris. Calcite Precipitation and Trace Metal Partitioning in Groundwater and the Vadose Zone: Remediation of Strontium-90 and Other Divalent Metals and Radionuclides in Arid Western Environments. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), kwiecień 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/809819.

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Smith, Robert W., F. ''Rick'' S. Colwell, Jani C. Ingram, F. Grant Ferris i Anna-Louise Reysenbach. Calcite Precipitation and Trace Metal Partitioning in Groundwater and the Vadose Zone: Remediation of Strontium-90 and Other Divalent Metals and Radionuclides in Arid Western Environments. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), lipiec 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/833667.

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Smith, Robert W., F. ''Rick'' S. Colwell, Jani C. Ingram, F. Grant Ferris i Anna-Louise Reysenbach. Calcite Precipitation and Trace Metal Partitioning in Groundwater and the Vadose Zone: Remediation of Strontium-90 and Other Divalent Metals and Radionuclides in Arid Western Environments. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), sierpień 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/833668.

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Smith, Robert W. Trace Metals in Groundwater & Vadose Zone Calcite: In Situ Containment & Stabilization of Stronthium-90 & Other Divalent Metals & Radionuclides at Arid West DOE. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), czerwiec 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/838502.

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Smith, Robert W., Yoshiko Fujita, F. Grant Ferris, Donna M. Cosgrove i Rick S. Colwell. Trace Metals in Groundwater & Vadose Zone Calcite: In Situ Containment & Stabilization of 90Strontium & Other Divalent Metals & Radionuclides at Arid West DOE Sites. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), czerwiec 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/839261.

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