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Obin, Devriendt Christine. "Adénocarcinome micro-invasif du col utérin et grossesse". Lille 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LIL2M427.
Pełny tekst źródłaChatard, Charles. "Biocapteurs implantables pour un monitorage intracérébral minimalement invasif". Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEI086/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaBrain function is based on the release of molecules such as neurotransmitters and metabolites into the interstitial fluid. The study of these molecules is essential to better understand their physiological and pathological role. For this purpose, implantable enzymatic biosensors are a promising tool because of their quantitative, real-time and deep tissue detection abilities. Depending on the dimensions of the biosensor, the impact of implantation may have considerable consequences on the chemical composition of the interstitial fluid. In addition, each implantation induces a local inflammatory reaction called "foreign body reaction". The reduction of these reactions is crucial in order to provide more accurate estimations of molecules concentrations present in the interstitial fluid. In this sense, this manuscript will expose two ways of reducing the lesional impact due to the implantation of biosensors. First of all, it will be presented the miniaturization of enzymatic biosensors up to external diameters less than 15 µm. And it will be demonstrated in vivo that these ultra miniaturized biosensors have the potential to be implanted in the brain without inducing detectable damage to tissues and blood vessels. Then, the development of a microprobe fabricated using MEMS technologies combining electrochemical and optical detection will be introduced as part of the monitoring of peri- and intratumoral interstitial fluid from glioblastomes modified to fluoresce. By integrating two types of detection on a single micro-needle, this microprobe reduces the number of implantations. These two miniaturization approaches open up the possibility of following the chemical composition of the interstitial fluid in a less invasive way, and thus of better preserving the physiology of the tissues studied in the brain
Hanczyck, Florence. "Tunnel aorto-ventriculaire : apport du diagnostic non invasif". Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR2M146.
Pełny tekst źródłaTiffet, Olivier. "Caracteristiques et etude des facteurs pronostics des carcinomes canalaires infiltrants avec in situ predominant du sein : a propos de 37 cas". Lille 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIL2M278.
Pełny tekst źródłaQuerné, Jérémy. "Invasion de Spartina alterniflora en rade de Brest : comportement invasif et impact sur le cycle biogéochimique du silicium". Brest, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BRES2066.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the invasive plant Spartina alterniflora on the ecosystem of the Bay of Brest. This species is a tidal marsh plant originating from the East coast of North America, and that have recently colonized the Bay of Brest. This work was performed by coupling studies of ecology, ecophysiology, and biogeochemistry. The first part of this work is dedicated to the ecology of this invasive plant. S. Alterniflora has invaded the Bay of Brest and can now be found from salt marshes to freshwater tidal marshes. The lack of apparent competitors on the high marsh allowed S. Alterniflora to colonize higher tidal elevations and resulted in a homogenization of plant diversity in tidal marshes. To better understand cordgrasses large distribution in the diverse environments of the Bay of Brest (France), we measured stem densities and lengths, and above-ground living and dead biomass at sites differing in their hydrodynamics, soil and water column salinities, and durations of immersion. Low wave energy, low salinity, and intermediate levels of flooding were associated with relatively high levels of growth and primary production determined from calculations of net aerial primary production (NAPP). The mean NAPP value for S. Alterniflora in the Bay of Brest was 1034 g DW m-2 y-1, agreeing with similar estimates from the east coast of the USA and other invaded sites. The second part of this work focused on the effect of the accumulation of silicium and the alleviation of environmental stresses in S. Alterniflora. Vascular plants are an understudied component of the global silicon cycle; they can absorb silicic acid (dSi) and store it as biogenic silica (bSiO2). S. Alterniflora is a Si-accumulating plant in such species Si is believed to alleviate physical, chemical, and biological stresses such as storms, high salinity, heavy metal toxicity, grazing, and disease. Our objectives were to determine (1) in which organ and when bSiO2 accumulates in the plant during its life cycle, (2) whether this accumulation varies with abiotic factors: wave action, estuarine salinity, and duration of immersion, and (3) if the accumulation was limited by dSi availability in marsh porewater. A 2 years field survey allowed to sample plants which were analyzed for there bSiO2 concentrations. Sediment cores were sampled seasonally and the dSi concentrations in the porewater were measured from 0 to 10 cm. BSiO2 accumulated more in mature leaves than in other organs. There was a strong linear relationship between bSiO2 concentration and plant length. BSiO2 concentration did not increase, but rather decreased as a function of exposure to the three abiotic factors tested. DSi availability was not significantly different for each of the tested sites and dSi profiles did not exhibit huge losses in the root zone Our evidence suggests that dSi availability did not seem to be a limiting factor in this case. We showed that bSiO2 did not increase with increasing abiotic stresses but was strongly correlated with growth Hence, S. Alterniflora is likely to have other adaptive strategies for dealing with environmental stressors but it did not exclude the possible role of Si m alleviating these stresses If this is the case, further work is needed to better understand Si uptake, its availability, and its role in silicification and growth in this species. The last part of this work is deals with the impact of the invasive plant on the retention of Si in tidal marshes. Silicon (Si) is the second most import element composition the terrestrial crust. Through weathering, the main inputs of Si to oceans come from lands and are delivered by rivers. Dissolved silica (dSi), is bioavailable for number of aquatic, marine and terrestrial organisms as diverse as terrestrial plants, micro algae, fungi and bacteria. Plants accumulate biogenic silica (bSiO2) as phytoliths, which represents an important component of the riverine Si input along the land-ocean continuum. The role of vascular plants and their phytoliths in the Si cycle remains unclear. Anthropogenic activities have an important impact on riverine nutrient inputs. Eutrophication, dam constructions, and invasive species can significantly modify the retention of Si in estuaries. In this part of the study we investigated temporal and spatial variability and studied the effect of salinity and duration of immersion on the concentration of bSiO2 and dSi measured in sediments of an invaded and non-invaded marsh. In addition, we realized a dissolution experiment of Spartina litter and of marsh sediment in order to estimate the dissolution constant (kdiss). We finally calculated Si budgets m an invaded marsh and in a non-evaded marsh from previously obtained results. This work showed a possible seasonal trend in dSi concentrations increasing from spring to fall. The bSiO2 and the dSi annual mean concentrations m sediment increase with decreasing salinities along the estuarine gradient. We also showed that bSiO2 dissolution rate increase with salinity and that the bSiO2 in S. Alteniflora litter dissolve 5 times faster than in marsh sediments. Comparing the budgets of the invaded and the non-invaded marsh, we observed that the j retention of Si is two times higher in the invaded marsh (8 %) than in the non-invaded marsh (4%). Burial increases by 50 % in the invaded marsh. These differences are explained by the fact that S. Alteniflora is a bioengineer species that increases sediment deposition. The impact of the invasive S. Alterniflora on the retention of bSiO2 seems to be more due to physical than biological processes as uptake of the invasive plant itself represent only 0. 1% of the total Si input
Zidane, Mohamed Amine. "Réalisation d'un dispositif de mesure non invasif de la glycémie". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0298.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe main problem of patients with diabetes remains the consequences of the complications resulting from diabetes. More frequent blood glucose control contributes to the balance of diabetes and a significant decrease in its complications. The current devices are less comfortable because of the pain associated with each sting. Some sophisticated blood glucose meters are semi-invasive, and are valid for 14 days. The purpose of my PhD work is to develop a non-invasive blood glucose measurement system based on an electromagnetic method. An original electromagnetic (EM) sensor is proposed, modeled under COMSOL and validated by experimental measurements. This sensor is composed of two Split Ring Resonator (SRR) cells excited by a coplanar line. Our main purpose is to reach sufficient sensitivity to detect different glucose levels with a miniaturized sensor. The sensor is tested on glucose water. Then, it has been optimized and adapted for in-vitro measurements in the blood. In the last part of this study, we identified and quantified the constraints impacting blood glucose measurements. We present the study of two constraints on the measurement of the sensor: Impact of vein dimension and dosimetry. Indeed, the evaluation of these constraints makes it possible to compensate their effects on the measurement for a better precision of the measurement of the glycemia
Posada, Gomez Rubén. "Recalage d'images 3D : positionnement non-invasif pour la radiothérapie intracrânienne". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004INPL056N.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis work presents a patient positioning method allowing the radiologists to combine conformaI radiotherapy and dose fractioning. This method, developed for the treatment of intracranial lesions, is non invasif and does not need stereotactic frames. Data related to the patient's head (cloud of points spread out over the cutaneous surface of the head) and to the lesion (3D position and shape) are obtained via a CT-scan which is usually performed before a treatment. A surfacing sensor, fixed in the treatment room, delivers points distributed over the surface of the patient's face. These data represent the information replacing the stereotactic frame. The lesion can be precisely positioned onto the treatment machine isocenter thanks to two geometric transformations. The first transformation, computed during a calibration step, gives the position of 3D-sensor in the coordinate system of the treatment machine. The second transformation (geometric reltltionship between the coordinate systems of the CT -scanner and of the 3D- sensor) is obtained by registering the data of the two modalities (CT -scan data and visible light data of the 3D-structured light sensor). The global transformation is used to estimate the lesion position in the treatment room by applying sequentially the two transformations at the tumour position given in the CT coordinate system. The patient can then be displaced to bring the les ion onto the isocenter. Tests with a phantom (plaster head) including halls simulating intracraniallesions have shown that tumours can be positioned with a mean euor smaller than 2 mm. This accuracy is better than the one of the best known non invasif method
Nguyen, Yann. "Accès mini-invasif à la cochlée : application à l'implantation cochléaire". Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066638.
Pełny tekst źródłaCALLOCH, JEAN-PIERRE. "Cancer du sein invasif bilateral : a propos de cinq observations recueillies a vitre : discussion et revue de la litterature". Rennes 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994REN1M025.
Pełny tekst źródłaDARCHA, LEGALL CLAUDE. "Pronostic des variantes architecturales du carcinome lobulaire invasif du sein : etude retrospective de 68 cas". Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990CLF13812.
Pełny tekst źródłaGreff, Stéphane. "Métabolomique, effets biologiques et caractère invasif de la macroalgue Asparagopsis taxiformis". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4358/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaConsidered as a major threat for sub–tropical and tropical ecosystems, macroalgal proliferations are susceptible to modify the structure and the functioning of coral reefs. The genus Asparagopsis (Rhodophyta) is known to be widespread, introduced and sometimes invasive in certain regions such as the Western Mediterranean Sea. The first objective of this thesis was to correlate the algal specialized metabolism and its bioactivity with its genotype, and eventually with its proliferation trait. No correlation between genetics and metabolomics has been demonstrated, which would suggest the main influence of environmental factors and/or the associated microbial diversity on the algal metabolism. In temperate regions, A. taxiformis and A. armata showed similar metabolomic fingerprints with bioactivities significantly higher than in tropical regions. However, even when it is introduced, a given genetic lineage and a given chemical phenotype can exhibit opposite proliferative traits. In tropical areas, algal extracts tested in situ on 4 coral species did not lead to any coral bleaching. In temperate areas, no biological effect of the alga was recorded on Astroides calycularis. However, some aquarium experiments allowed to show that A. taxiformis can express a specific metabolism, with an increased bioactivity after 10–days of contact with this coral. To conclude, either indigenous or introduced, A. taxiformis poorly affects corals’ health, and thus the invasiveness of this alga remains a matter of debate
Hutin, Pascal. "La stromélysine 3 dans le processus invasif des cancers du sein". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991STR1M185.
Pełny tekst źródłaOswald, Thierry. "Diagnostic non-invasif de l'hypertension arterielle pulmonaire des affections respiratoires chroniques". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986STR1M203.
Pełny tekst źródłaSeksik, Stéphane. "Le cancer invasif de la vulve : étude rétrospective de 30 cas". Montpellier 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON11133.
Pełny tekst źródłaCambronero, Sophie. "Développement d’un traitement non invasif des tumeurs hépatiques par ultrasons focalisés". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LYO10234.
Pełny tekst źródłaHigh-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is a non-invasive treatment modality for solid tumors that provides a localized destruction of deep tissues. The work in this manuscript describes the development of treatment strategies and the design of a toroidal HIFU transducer dedicated to the non-invasive treatment of liver tumors. First, an existing toroidal HIFU device designed for an intraoperative treatment of liver tumors was used to expand the prospects for intraoperative treatment of tumors localized at the hepato-caval confluence. This treatment approach was evaluated in a preclinical study and showed the feasibility of the procedure and the tolerance of the treatment. This same device was then used to evaluate the feasibility of a completely non-invasive HIFU treatment with a toroidal transducer. The feasibility and safety of this non-invasive treatment was demonstrated in a preclinical study in the porcine model. This work highlighted the need for personalized non-invasive HIFU treatments to spare healthy intermediate tissues. Based on these experiences, a new targeting system was developed to ensure an accurate targeting of non-invasive HIFU treatments performed near risky structures. The performance of the new system has been demonstrated on two in vivo protocols for the treatment of the TTTS (Twin to Twin Transfusion Syndrome) and bladder trigone tumors. A new HIFU treatment device was then designed and developed for the non-invasive treatment of liver tumors. The specific cut of this truncated toroidal transducer allows an enlargement of the treated volume without mechanical displacement of the transducer. The therapeutic performance of this device has been evaluated on in vitro and in vivo experiments in the porcine model. This work represents the first step of a non-invasive treatment of hepatic tumors with a toroidal HIFU transducer
BOIS, JEAN-LOUIS. "Les cancers invasifs infra-cliniques du sein : caracteres histopathologiques de 89 cas ; interet d'un depistage precoce". Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990CLF13023.
Pełny tekst źródłaFoulon, Arthur. "Caractérisation des récepteurs de l'inositol (1,4,5) trisphosphate dans le cancer mammaire humain invasif : nouvel outil diagnostique et pronostique?" Electronic Thesis or Diss., Amiens, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AMIE0059.
Pełny tekst źródłaBreast cancer represents the first cause of female cancer deaths in France and Worldwide. Prognosis and treatment are not the same for all patients. It will depend on prognostic factors such as age, tumor size, histologic grade, hormonal receptor expression, HER2 receptor overexpression, proliferation index (Ki67), and involvement of regional node or distant metastases. The calcium ion (Ca2+) is involved in many physiologic and pathologic processes such as carcinogenesis. Inositol-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) regulates the Ca2+ flews inside cells from the endoplasmic reticulum to the cytoplasm. We already know that IP3R and particularly the sub-unit 3 (IP3R3) is involved in proliferation, invasion and migration processes in breast cancer cell lines. The aim of this study was to evaluate the place of IP3Rs as diagnosis or prognostic biomarker. In our work, IP3R3 expression was significantly higher in invasive ductal carcinoma than in non-tumoral tissue. The expression of the sub-unit 3 of the IP3R is also higher than the 2 others sub-units IP3R1 and IP3R2. Furthermore, IP3R3 expression seems to be correlated with the degree of severity of the prognostic factors such as tumor size, regional node invasion, histopronostic grade, proliferation index and hormonal status. We also evaluate correlation between IP3Rs expression and survival in databases. IP3RS are significantly involved in overall survival and in progression free survival for patients with breast cancer. IP3RS expressions are higher in cancer tissue and IP3R3 expression is correlated with breast cancer prognostic factors
Fougère, Marjorie. "Nfat3 : un facteur anti-migratoire et anti-invasif dans les carcinomes mammaires". Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA077079.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe main cause of breast cancer death is due to development of metastasis at sites distant from primary tumor. Therefore understanding mechanisms leading to metastasis formation is essential for prevention. During this process, cells invade and migrate through surrounding tissue pushing us to focus our studies on invasion and migration, key mechanisms of metastasis development. The NFAT transcription factors NFAT1 and NFAT5 were previously identified to induce migration and invasion in ERα- breast carcinoma. ERα expression in breast cancer cells is used as a prognostic, since it is associated with more differentiated and less invasive tumors. Because of the different invasive capacity of ERα+ and ERα" breast cancer cells, we evaluated here the possible relationship between motility behaviors and expression of the différent NFAT isotypes. I show that NFAT isotypes are differentially expressed in ERα- and ERα+ breast cancer cell lines. Particularly, NFAT3 is specially expressed in ERα+ breast carcinoma. I have also demonstrated that NFAT3 inhibits invasion whereas migration is inhibited by the coopération between NFAT3 and ERa in an hormono-independent way and require the DNA binding domain of ERα. I isolated a NFAT3 target gene, the lipocalin 2 (LCN2). I showed that NFAT3, but not ERa, inhibits LCA/2 promotor activity. The downregulation of LCA/2 is absolutely required to blunt the migration by NFAT3 in coopération with ERα and participate in the inhibition of invasion through NFAT3. This study expands Knowledge on the mechanisms of migration and invasion capacities in ERα- and ERα+ breast carcinoma by identifying NFAT3 and LCA/2 gene in regulation motility
Rossi, Pascal. "Etude non invasive de la compliance artérielle en conditions extrèmes". Aix-Marseille 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX20669.
Pełny tekst źródłaSIRE, CHRISTIAN. "Reflexions sur le traitement du cancer invasif du col uterin par radiotherapie et chirurgie : a propos de 155 observations". Nantes, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NANT102M.
Pełny tekst źródłaBENNANI, MOHAMMED AMINE, i DOUANNJAH FAOUZIA M'HAMEDI. "Metastases au col uterin du carcinome lobulaire invasif du sein : a propos de trois observations". Lille 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LIL2M199.
Pełny tekst źródłaGuerraz, Agnès. "Etude du télégeste médical non invasif utilisant un transducteur gestuel à retour d'efforts". Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005360.
Pełny tekst źródłaLe, Ny Mathieu. "Diagnostic non invasif de piles à combustible par mesure du champ magnétique proche". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00844407.
Pełny tekst źródłaPinard, Maxime. "CA 125, un régulateur négatif du potentiel invasif des cellules cancéreuses de l'ovaire?" Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2005. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/3815.
Pełny tekst źródłaBrossette, Lou. "Intéractions sociales et stratégies de fondation chez deux termites européens invasif et natif". Thesis, Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR4013/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaIndividual interactions permit information transmission, pathogen dispersion and shape behavioral strategies in a population. This thesis has permit to explore the influence of social interactions on the colonial foundation success of two European termites, the invasive Reticulitermes flavipes and the native R. grassei. The overall results revealed (i) a better foundation success of primary reproductives of R. flavipes, (ii) a biparental organisation of parental care in both species (iii) a level of communication and egg care reflecting native and invasive status of the two species studied. To finish, (iv) better survival and communication rates were observed in colonies founded with secondary reproductives than in colonies without any and (v) a better communication rate and a weaker survival rate for R. flavipes foundations with or without secondary reproductives. Evolutive origins of biparental care and of the variations of foundation success observed are discussed
Rifi, Mouna. "Écobiologie du bivalve invasif Fulvia fragilis (Forskal in Niehbur, 1775) des cotes tunisiennes". Lorient, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LORIS254.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis work deals with the biology of Eco F. Fragilis (Forskal in Niebuhr, 1775), bivalve lessepsian, reported in Tunisia since 1996. The reproductive biology has been studied and monitored the relative and absolute growth was performed at two different biotopes (the Bay of Tunis and Bizerte Lagoon). The status of F. Fragilis was established in Tunisia. Histological studies have revealed that it is a simultaneous hermaphrodite. The scale of sexual maturation has been established. Internal fertilization and self fertilization are possible in this species. Spawning is continuous throughout the year. This mode optimizes reproductive success of the installation of the species but is energetically costly. Moreover, summer mortality were noted and an impaired reproductive cycle in F. Fragilis from the lagoon of Bizerte, heavily polluted site, was observed. Monitor the kinetics of oocyte diameter allowed the validation of the scale of sexual maturation. The condition index is a good indicator of the physiological state of F. Fragilis. The study of the relative growth of F. Fragilis, the two collection sites, reveals major differences. The shell has a more elongated in the Bay of Tunis. Weight gains of this invasive bivalve is generally disadvantaged relative to the length of shellfish in Tunis, inversely to the population of Bizerte. At the second site, shell growth could be affected by pollution. Monitoring of the absolute growth in both sites confirm that the recruitment of this bivalve is spread over time in Tunis and Bizerte to very low
Mouawia, Hussein. "Validation clinique d'une nouvelle approche "ISET" du diagnostic prénatal non invasif d'Amyotrophie spinale". Paris 5, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA05T006.
Pełny tekst źródłaA promising non-invasive strategy for prenatal diagnosis of SMA has been proposed using ISET (Isolation by Size of Epithelial Trophoblastic cells). A prospective blinded clinical validation study of the ISET method for SMA was set up in the Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital in Paris according to statistical recommendations. It targeted 160 genetic diagnoses of SMA through the study of 160 fetal cells obtained from the blood (20 ml) of 16 mothers at risk of having an affected child. The results show the successful validation of the ISET method for prenatal diagnosis of SMA and should have implications for the implementation of a safe prenatal diagnosis of this genetic disease in clinical practice
Aithocine, Elise. "Développement et validation d'un instrument non-invasif de caractérisation du comportement musculaire respiratoire". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE10141.
Pełny tekst źródłaBetter care in an anesthesia and critical care reduces monitoring duration of monitoring and improves the quality of recovery. For the particular case of respiratory assistance, the capacity to track and optimize patient-ventilator synchrony is essential to quality care. As a first step, this thesis addresses the development and validation of an instrument which characterizes respiratory behavior by studying the time lag between onset of upper airway muscles and rib cage muscles, cycle by respiration. This tool must take into account the constraints imposed by the clinical environment; measuring respiratory muscles by surface electromyographic measure (EMG). Measurement of the onset time lag, cycle by cycle and non-invasively, is a true challenge in a critical care clinical environment. Here the approach is two-fold: i) The development of a tool for events detection. Ii) The definition of an original protocol on healthy subjects. The tool development constitutes a knowledge bases to eventually develop automation of the processes in future work. From a physiological point of view, the influence of respiratory rate on the EMG onset time lag during inspiration has not been studied. Thus, we measured this time lag in normocapnia at various respiratory rates imposed by a sound stimulus. Statistically, the instrumental tool can distinguish two physiological situations in this experimental protocol, which confirms its sensitivity. The second step of this thesis is part of an optimization of events detection methods with singularities of interest. The chosen solution is based on structural intensity which computes the "density" of the locations of the modulus maxima of wavelet representation along various scales in order to identify singularities of an unknown signal. An improvement is proposed by applying Berkner transform which allows maxima linkage to insure accurate localization of landmarks. An application to cancel ECG interference in diaphragmatic EMG without a reference signal is also proposed
Pinard, Maxime. "CA 125, un régulateur négatif du potentiel invasif des cellules cancéreuses de l'ovaire?" [S.l. : s.n.], 2005.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaROBERT, BENZENOU JOCELYNE. "Echographie sous dipyridamole : son apport dans le diagnostic non invasif des stenoses coronaires". Aix-Marseille 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX20139.
Pełny tekst źródłaColdefy, Hélène. "Contrôle non invasif de l'hyperthermie par imagerie microonde active : étude préliminaire sur fantôme homogène". Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112012.
Pełny tekst źródłaDuruisseaux, Michaël. "Signature moléculaire des adénocarcinomes pulmonaires de type lépidique prédominant et mucineux invasif et dérégulation". Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066277/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaLepidic predominant adenocarcinoma (LPA) represents an original entity in terms of histological, clinical and biological characteristics among adenocarcinomas of the lung. While LPA is typically a non-mucinous adenocarcinoma, a mucinous variant does exist, termed invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma (IMA), associated with a worse prognosis and a lack of effective treatment in advanced diseases. This work sought to study molecular differences between LPA and IMA, and explore their biological meanings. A cohort of LPA and AMI has been studied in regard of clinical characteristics and oncogenic drivers and samples from this cohort were exploited. An immunohistochemical study of expression of mucins MUC1, 2, 5B, 5AC and 6 in surgical samples of 27 LPA and 27 IMA showed different profile of expression between LPA and IMA. MUC1 expression was associated to MUC1 and MUC5AC, 5B and 6 to IMA. MUC1 was associated to EGFR mutations and MUC5B and 5AC to KRAS mutations. One NRG1 rearrangement was detected by FISH in one in 25 IMA. The CXCL10 chemokine was overexpressed in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) supernatants of IMA (n=38) compared to LPA (n=25). This overexpression was linked to worse prognosis. The cytokine/receptor axis CXCL10/CXCR3-A was overexpressed in IMA and promoted migration of mucinous tumoral cells and drived tumoral expression of VEGF. VEGF from BALF of patients significantly enhanced human lung endothelial tubes formation in vitro which was inhibited by anti-VEGF bevacizumab. CXCL10/CXCR3 and VEGF could present valuable therapeutic targets in IMA. These results improve knowledge in biology of LPA and AMI and identify new lines of research which could lead to development of new therapies
Coldefy, Hélène. "Contrôle non invasif de l'hyperthermie par imagerie microonde active étude préliminaire sur fantôme homogène". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375967849.
Pełny tekst źródłaLeonard, David Brisler Patrick. "La prise en charge de l'hyperparathyroïdisme primaire par abord mini-invasif est-elle justifiée". [S.l] : [s.n], 2004. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCDMED_T_2004_LEONARD_DAVID.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaHage, Mirella. "Mécanismes moléculaires impliqués dans la tumorigenèse et dans le comportement invasif des adénomes hypophysaires". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS352.
Pełny tekst źródłaAbstractIn this work, we explored the molecular mechanisms of ectopic glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor (GIPR) expression in somatotroph adenomas from patients with acromegaly displaying a paradoxical GH increase to oral glucose. We showed that ectopic GIPR expression occurs through hypomorphic transcriptional activation of GIPR gene likely driven by DNA methylation changes. Activation of the cAMP pathway by postprandial GIP may represent an alternative tumorigenic mechanism in GIPR expressing somatotroph adenomas without driver mutations in GNAS oncogene. Cytogenetic profiling defined two groups of adenomas, a low-copy-number alteration (CNA) group and a high-CNA group.Two tumor samples displayed complex chromosomal rearrangements compatible with chromothripsis and showed subclonal architecture with up to six distinct cell population in each tumor, demonstrating an important intratumor heterogeneity.In a collection of invasive pituitary adenomas including the non-invasive intrasellar portions and the portions invading the cavernous sinuses, we showed by RNA-seq different gene expression profiles, providing supplemental evidence for the intratumoral heterogeneity in these benign tumors. Tumor samples from invasive portions showed up-regulation of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition pathway and increased expression of cancer stem-cell markers highlighting their potential role in pituitary tumor cell invasive behavior
Chamlali, Mohamed. "Modulation du potentiel invasif des cellules cancéreuses mammaires humaines par le canal calcique Orai3". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Amiens, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021AMIE0078.
Pełny tekst źródłaDuring breast cancer metastatic processes, cancer cells acquire migratory capacities through a reshaping of the cytoskeleton, but also a remodelling of the adhesive capacities highly dependent on the intracellular calcium concentration. For two decades, several studies have shown the involvement of calcium channels in the modulations of breast metastatic capacities. Recently, studies have demonstrated a role of Orai3 in several tumour processes such as resistance to chemotherapy and proliferation and apoptosis of breast cancer cells expressing oestrogen receptors. However, the role of the Orai3 calcium channel in breast tumour aggressiveness such as the metastatic process remains poorly understood.First, we characterized the entry of calcium, through the Orai3 channel, in basal-like cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-231 BrM2). Indeed, we have shown for the first time that the Orai3 channel is activated at the basal level, independently of the endoplasmic reticulum calcium stores, and regulates the intracellular calcium concentration. We have shown that this calcium signature regulates the cell migration of breast cancer cells. Indeed, cell migration is dependent on the entry of calcium by Orai3. Besides, we have established that this modulation of migratory capacities depends on cellular adhesive faculties. During this process, calpain (a highly calcium-dependent protease) presents a modified activity according to the expression of Orai3. During the silencing of Orai3, the activity of calpain drops, resulting in significant cell adhesiveness correlated with reduced cell migration.On the other hand, we have demonstrated an inverse correlation between the expression of Orai3 and the cell morphology of the cancer lines used. Indeed, the decrease in Orai3 expression is associated with a rounded cell morphology. Interestingly, we have discovered that this regulation of cell morphology involves a remodelling of the actin cytoskeleton in a calcium-independent manner suggesting an effect involving Orai3 as a protein (and not as a calcium channel). This result suggests the involvement of signalling proteins involved in the remodelling of the actin cytoskeleton. Indeed, the molecular inhibition of Orai3 is associated with a decrease in the expression of Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) without modulating its activity.In conclusion, our results reveal the pivotal role of Orai3 in the migratory processes of basal mammary cancer cells, via both calcium-dependent modulation of cell adhesion and calcium-independent actin cytoskeleton remodelling
Laurent-Demir, Catherine. "Étude de l'amnésie rétrograde graduelle étendue à l'aide de méthodes invasives et non invasives chez la souris". Bordeaux 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR10632.
Pełny tekst źródłaValdizan, Alexandra. "Bases biologiques de la prolifération d'un Gastéropode invasif de la côte Atlantique européenne, Crepidula fornicata". Nantes, 2011. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=9ddc1e3b-5ea8-4525-b449-ea1c434480dc.
Pełny tekst źródłaCrepidula fornicata proliferation is in part due to its reproductive capacities. Our work has detailed, for the first time, the gametogenic cycle of the reproduction of this species in Bourgneuf Bay, showing the importance of gamete atresia in this cycle. At the same time, an allogen agent was observed for the first time in C. Fornicata digestive gland. Both reproductive effort and allogen agent infestation rate have been correlated to the recently water warming in the Bay. Fertilization and development experiments have demonstrated the unfold of young stages incubated. These works, on young stages coming from external fertilizations or excapsulations, underline the importance of internal fertilization and incubation, permitting to consider a strategy of C. Fornicata biomass control, less costly than actual techniques. More precise investigations on the reproductive system, using electonic microscopy, have permitted to elucidate aspects that where still unknown : spermatozoïde storage in the spermatheca, morphology and ultrastructure of spermatozoïdes. These informations explain subjects like phylogeny and sperm storage. Certains aspects of Crepidula fornicata reproduction present advantages compared to the oyster Crassostrea gigas, produced habitats colonized by in C. Fornicata, and this invasive species may harbour a subset of allogen agent than can potentially be transmited to sympatric species
Lawson, Bruno. "Nouvelle approche de suivi non invasif de l'alcoolémie par perspiration à l'aide de multicapteurs MOX". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0698.
Pełny tekst źródłaA new approach of a noninvasive detection of blood alcohol concentration using ethanol microsensors based on SnO2 Is developed in this work. The methodology is based on an indirect detection of blood alcohol concentration by measuring the ethanol vapor emitted through the skin perspiration after alcohol consumption. In order to validate this approach, first we demonstrated the relevance and the feasibility of this detection method by carrying out pilot clinical trials in collaboration with a medical team of pharmacological study of CPCET Marseille. The different measurements of the ethanol concentration carried out in biological fluids such as blood and exhaled air could be precisely correlated with the measurements of ethanol vapors performed through the perspiration using three commercial gas microsensors based on metal oxides integrated into a bracelet. . These devices have the advantage of being sensitive but not selective to the nature of the gas detected. During this thesis work, sensitive layers of SnO2 were deposited by reactive magnetron RF sputtering on a transducer patented by our team, integrating three sensors on the same chip. The optimization of the deposition parameters and the structural analyzes of the SnO2 layers, allowed us to develop an ethanol multi-sensor demonstrating performances under ethanol; in terms of sensitivity on humidity, repeatability and response and recovery times as well as from the point of selectivity
Lejart, Morgane. "Etude du processus invasif de Crassostrea gigas en Bretagne: Etat des lieux, dynamique et conséquences écologiques". Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00444262.
Pełny tekst źródłaLe, Bras Grégoire. "Etude du rôle des Papillomavirus Humains (HPV) dans la régulation du phénotype invasif des cellules tumorales". Reims, 2009. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00001076.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaHuman papillomaviruses are responsible for cervical carcinoma but are also found in about 25 to 50% of oropharyngeal carcinomas, especially in those originating from palatine tonsil. Carcinogenesis mechanisms induced by the virus are well known but HPV involvement in tumor invasion has not been determined. In a study of palatine tonsillar carcinomas, we show that HPV presence is associated with p16 immunohistochemical staining and with a tendency toward a better overall survival. The lower HPV presence than usually reported in literature could be the consequence of heavy alcohol and tobacco consumption in the studied population. Our study of HPV16 E6/E7 oncoproteins expression in vitro, in HPV positive and negative tumor cell lines, shows a pro-invasive effect of oncoproteins. This effect is not associated with MMP2 and MT1-MMP expression. Oncoproteins inhibition using siRNA resulted in decreased invasion. However this effect was associated with increased MT1-MMP expression as well as a decrease of occludin. E6/E7 oncoproteins expression is associated with tumoral cell line’s invasive phenotype. However the seemingly contradictory effects shown in our study illustrate the impact of oncoprotein complex regulation in vivo. We propose that E6 variants and E6/E7 ARNm participate in the acquisition of invasive properties by tumor cell lines
COINTOT, BEATRICE. "Systeme non-invasif d'acquisition et de traitement du mouvement respiratoire pour l'etude de sa commande nerveuse". Paris 6, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA066086.
Pełny tekst źródłaHussain, Shawn. "Développement de méthodes biophotoniques appliquées aux biofluides pour le diagnostic rapide et non-invasif du cancer". Thesis, Reims, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REIMP201.
Pełny tekst źródłaVibrational spectroscopy (VS) relates to the specific optical techniques of infrared and Raman spectroscopy (RS). These techniques probe molecular vibrations of the sample when light interacts with it, which present ‘fingerprints’ of the global biochemistry. Both techniques hold great promise in disease diagnostics, especially with ‘liquid biopsies’ for biofluids. This study developed bio-spectroscopic methodologies to query the serum biochemistry towards rapid diagnosis and detection of diseases. The aim was two-fold; i) to develop FTIR and RS methodologies to query sera for pre-analytical variation. Secondly, to use liquid RS combined chemometric analysis to interpret pathological data for its diagnostic and prognostic potential. Beyond proof of concept with investigations in to preanalytical variation (which proved no effect is seen on the serum profile) via serum freeze-thawing and environmental drying, three diagnostic studies were sought; from patient cases, i.e., hepatocellular carcinoma from cirrhotic sera, cirrhosis from fibrotic sera, and varying degrees of gliomas from brain tumour sera. Throughout, a suite of FTIR and Raman spectroscopy techniques were employed/developed, such serum ATR-FTIR, HT-FTIR (high throughput screening), Raman microspectroscopy on liquid and dried human sera, and Raman microspectroscopy on liquid sera. Advanced multivariate analysis and chemometric approaches were employed such as PCA, HCA, PLS-DA, forward LDA, radial basis function SVM-LOOCV, Random forest classifiers, all towards developing a robust disease classifier. Across all diagnostic studies, results showed moderate- good diagnostic ability with one method succeeding the other in various cases. It was shown that spectroscopy combined with advanced chemometric methods can provide a good adjunct to clinical screening settings, such as point-of-care areas
Nagorny, Pierre. "Contrôle automatique non-invasif de la qualité des produits : Application au procédé d'injection-moulage des thermoplastiques". Thesis, Chambéry, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CHAMA008.
Pełny tekst źródłaInline quality control of the product is an important objective for industries growth. Controlling a product quality requires measurements of its quality characteristics. One hundred percent control is an important objective to overcome the limits of the control by sampling, in the case of defects related to exceptional causes. However, industrial constraints have limited the deployment of measurement of product characteristics directly within production lines. Human visual control is limited by its duration incompatible with the production cycle at high speed productions, by its cost and its variability. Computer vision systems present a cost that reserves them for productions with high added value. In addition, the automatic control of the quality of the appearance of the products remains an open research topic.Our work aims to meet these constraints, as part of the injection-molding process of thermoplastics. We propose a control system that is non-invasive for the production process. Parts are checked right out of the injection molding machine.We will study the contribution of non-conventional imaging. Thermography of a hot molded part provides information on its geometry, which is complementary to conventional imaging. Polarimetry makes it possible to discriminate curvature defects of surfaces that change the polarization angle of reflected light and defects in the structure of the material that diffuse light.Furthermore, specifications on products are more and more tighter. Specifications include complex geometric features, as well as appearance features, which are difficult to formalize. However, the appearance characteristics are difficult to formalize. To automate aspect control, it is necessary to model the notion of quality of a part. In order to exploit the measurements made on the hot parts, our approach uses statistical learning methods. Thus, the human expert who knows the notion of quality of a piece transmits his knowledge to the system, by the annotation of a set of learning data. Our control system then learns a metric of the quality of a part, from raw data from sensors. We favor a deep convolutional network approach (Deep Learning) in order to obtain the best performances in fairness of discrimination of the compliant parts. The small amount of annotated samples available in our industrial context has led us to use domain transfer learning methods.Finally, in order to meet all the constraints and validate our propositions, we realized the vertical integration of a prototype of device of measure of the parts and the software solution of treatment by statistical learning. The device integrates thermal imaging, polarimetric imaging, lighting and the on-board processing system necessary for sending data to a remote analysis server.Two application cases make it possible to evaluate the performance and viability of the proposed solution
Vola, Marco. "Techniques amenant à réduire le caractère invasif de la chirurgie cardiaque et de l’ischémie / reperfusion myocardique". Thesis, Saint-Etienne, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STET019T.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn our unit, the challenge is to develop a clinical strategy of reduction of the invasiveness of the “On pump procedure” of cardiac surgery: that means a reduction of the chest wall trauma, of the cross clamping perioperative myocardial ischemia, and of the invasiveness of the extra-corporeal circulation. In this background, we organized a randomized perspective study in order to assess the impact of the perioperative myocardial redox metabolism during the on pump coronary surgery protected with Custodiol® versus St Thomas crystalloid cardioplegias. Objectives: To assess the presence and the severity of the perioperative myocardial ischemia in the Custodiol® versus St Thomas group, defined as the interstitial myocardial concentrations of lactate, pyruvate, glycerol and glucose, at the time of the removal of the aortic clamp. Materials and methods : Twenty height patients could be enrolled in the study and were randomized in the Custodiol® and in the St-Thomas group. Monitoring was assessed with the technique of the cardiac microdialysis (CMA 70 probe, CMA 600 analyzer, CMA Microdialysis, Sweden), by dosing every ten minutes during the aortic cross clamping period and every hour out of the operating room, up to 24 hours, the interstitial myocardial concentrations of Lactate, pyruvate, glycerol and glucose. The Lactate/pyruvate ratio and glucose/lactate ratios and 12 hours post-operative troponin plasmatic concentrations were also assessed. Statistical analysis comparing the Custodiol® versus ST Thomas group were performed via a t-test. Results: Out of the 28 enrolled patients, twenty-two (12 of the Custodiol® group and 10 of the St Thomas group) could be successfully monitored with the microdialysis technique. Six were excluded because of technical reasons (one intempestive ablation, 3 iatrogenic plication of the tube, 1 felled out of the table, one due to a dysfunction of the analyzer). The comparative analysis between included and excluded patients did not prove any statistical result in terms of cardiovascular risk factors, EF, age and gender. At declamping time (T0), mean values of concentrations of lactate, pyruvate, glucose and glycerol were the following: Custodiol® group: 2.77+-1.81 mmol l-1;13.74+-20.87 μmol l-1;0.46+-0. mmol l-1;196.99+-122.22 mmol l-1 ; St Thomas : 0.89+-0.64 mmol l-1 ; 6.49+-9.10 μmol l-1; 0.19+-0.18 mmol l-1; 73.17+-72.11 mmol l-1. Cross clamping and CPB times were respectively 94.2+/-14 et 59.8+/-15 min (Custodiol®), and 82.6+/-15.9 et 55.8+/-16.29 et minutes (St-Thomas) (p=ns) . Post operative plasmatic levels of Troponin (arrival in the ICU and 12 H+12) were respectively de 2.8+/-1.8 and 7.4+/-5.3 (pour le groupe Custodiol®) et de 3.3+/-4.0 et 5.0+/-3.6 μmol/L (Saint Thomas) (ns). Conclusion: Monitoring of the interstitial myocardial redox state was safely possible in both groups and allowed to assess metabolic different findings in the two cardioprotective methods that were not enhanced by perioperative clinical ischemic events. Microdialysis assessed, at the time of aorta declamping, significantly higher concentrations of lactate and Glycerol in the Custodiol® group. That difference regressed during the reperfusion phase with a tendency for a lower lactate level in the Custodiol® group. Multicentric studies focused on cross clamping time longer than 90 minutes seem necessary to enhance metabolic interstitial and clinical superiority between cardioprotective solutions
Poli, Muriel. "Techniques modernes de diagnostic paraclinique non invasif du déficit en cellules souches limbiques : comparaison, développement, recommandations". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10199/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaPurpose: to optimize minimally invasive techniques for diagnosing limbal stem cell deficiency: in vitro after impression cytology (IC) by means of immunocytochemical detection of relevant markers and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT PCR), an highly sensitive method; in vivo by confocal microscopy (IVCM). Material and Methods: Presence of conjunctival cells in central cornea was diagnosis proof of LSCD, whereas corneal epithelial cells’ remaining traduces partial LSCD. IC was labeled. Corneal or conjunctival specificity of each marker was previously assessed on healthy tissues. In a prospective case control observational study, 22 eyes of 18 patients clinically suspected of LSCD were enrolled. Epithelial cells from central cornea were collected by IC. Conjunctival (K7, K13, K19, MUC5AC) and corneal (K12) differentiation markers were assessed by immunocytochemistry on each of 22 eyes and MUC5AC RT-PCR was assessed for 4 of them. Cornea and limbus of 7 eyes were assessed by IVCM. The inter-examination agreement was determined. Conclusion: These techniques require skilled technicians and laboratory facilities. We propose a decision tree model to provide unfailing LSCD diagnosis, complementary examinations being sometimes useless. Clinical examination can lead to LSCD misdiagnosis. Immunostaining of conjunctival keratins K7 and K13 as well as MUC5AC detection by RT-PCR are highly effective methods whereas MUC5AC/K12 immuno staining are not sensible and both K3 and K19 are not specific. IVCM of great sensitivity if realizable allows quantification of LSCD severity. Combining both methods provides in every case unfailing diagnosis of LSCD and evaluation of the extent of the disease with high agreement
Davis, Arthur. "Tomographie par cohérence optique confocale en ligne multimodale pour le diagnostic non invasif des cancers cutanés". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLO004/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaSkin cancer is a major public health issue. Among all types of cancer, skin cancer has the highest prevalence rate and the number of cases seems to be steadily increasing. Currently, the gold standard of skin cancer diagnosis requires a sample of suspicious tissue, called a biopsy, removed after a simple visual inspection of the patient's skin. Consequently, almost 60 % of biopsies result in benign diagnoses, and approximately 20 % of all skin cancers are missed.The research presented in this thesis revolves around the development of a line-field confocal optical coherence tomography (LC-OCT) device capable of producing non-invasive in vivo images similar in quality to histological cuts. The designed prototype operates at a center wavelength around 800 nm with a spectral width of approximately 150 nm. It has been applied to in vivo skin imaging with an almost isotropic spatial resolution of about 1 µm and a depth penetration reaching 400 µm. This device could thus be used to improve the efficiency of skin cancer diagnosis by limiting the number of undiagnosed cases and the number of unnecessary biopsies.We then present a LC-OCT device system operating in two spectral bands centered around 770 nm and 1250 nm. The first band produces high resolution images (1.3 µm x 1.2 µm, lateral x axial) while the second provides enhanced penetration depth (700 µm). By merging the images acquired in the two bands it has been possible to produce images with both high resolution and high penetration. Moreover, acquiring images of a sample in two different spectral bands can give, to a certain extent, information on the spectral properties of the sample.Lastly, we present a proof-of-concept LC-OCT prototype coupled together with a Raman microscope, as well as some application examples. Raman microscopy is a spectroscopic method capable of identifying molecules present in a sample and thus measuring the "fingerprint" of a sample. This modality could then provide complementary information to the morphological images provided by LC-OCT about the biomolecular composition of the sample
Lejart, Morgane. "Étude du processus invasif de Crassostrea gigas en Bretagne : état des lieux, dynamique et conséquences écologiques". Brest, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BRES2026.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, was introduced in France at the end of the sixties to replace the Portuguese oyster, Crassostrea angulata, decimated by disease. But only since the nineties that wild populations established on Brittany’s shores. The first part of this study shows ail Brittany coasts now to be colonized by C. Gigas. Stocks of wild oysters are estimated at 10000 and 6420 tons in the Bay of Brest, and the Morbihan Bay, respectively. The second part of this study concerns factors determining C. Gigas invasive process dynamics. The responsibility of climate change in the establishment of C. Gigas in Brittany is confirmed. Results also highlight that C. Gigas does not recruit in the subtidal zone, which refutes accusations of European oyster, Ostrea edulis, exclusion. Finally, monitoring of the summer 2008 massive mortalities reveals that wild populations were little impacted. Analysis of ecological consequences of C. Gigas invasion on Brittany shores is done in the last part of this study. Impacts on communities become marked when colonization intensifies with the creation of oyster reefs, which Increase macrofaunal abundance and diversity. Studies on respiration and calcification processes show that total annual carbon production of rocky intertidal communities is increased twenty fold, reaching 761,77 g C m-2 year-1 when high density populations of C. Gigas establish (nearly 700 ind. M-2)
Djaghloul, Mehdi. "Bio-ingéniérie de la palpation mécanique cutanée par instrumentation non invasive : compréhension du vieillissement chronologique". Ecole nationale d'ingénieurs (Saint-Etienne), 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENISE028.
Pełny tekst źródłaUnderstanding the mechanical behaviour of the collagen network and elastin fibres during ageing is an important issue. It concerns the public health prevention of certain skin pathologies, and at the same time the issue engineering field for the development of equivalent cutaneous tissue. In this work, we are interesting in studying mechanical behaviour and vibro-acoustic properties of human skin at the different stages of ageing. Surface waves propagation in biological tissue in a scale of with low frequencies were few carried out in the literature. However, monitoring the waves propagation induced by friction in the skin tissue provides a non-invasive means for the study of mechanical and tribological behaviour of human skin in-vivo. In this way, "WaveSkin" is a tribometer dasigned and developed as a source of excitation by friction. It was used to measure and quantify the propagation of the surface wave by a laser velocimetry. The obtained sesults on chronological ageing and gender effects, allow the identification of the difference in mechanical behaviour of men-women skins by using their vibrational signature induced by a friction excitation. The first results permits us to follow this study and focus on understanding the genesis of a surface and volume waves. Using short time air blast impact as solicitation, the goal is to understand how from a local deformation without contact, the induced disturbance and wave propagation give us an explicit information about skin conditions, the effect ageing and the effect of gender. The air blast impact device was initially developed for the measurement of the eye tension in ophtalmology. Inspired by this approach, a new device dedicated to the solicitation of cutaneous tissue using a local impact and measuring the generated wave by controlled local deformation. After sizing the device, it has been coupled and synchronized with a velocimetry laser for measuring the velocity of surface wave propagation. This device was successfully inserted for a new experimental protocol on the effect of chronological ageing and gender. The results are unprecedented in the literature, the vibration signature of skin tissue and the local response in the impact area, confirmed the nature of behaviour Men-Women during chronological ageing related to the first part of the study. Thanks to the ease of the experimental set, it was possible to measure the propagation speed of the surface wave in different directions, and thus identify and quantify the anisotropy of the natural skin tension, which is the image of the natural tension of collagen network and elastin fibres. This original and promising device can ptentially be used in dermatology clinic for the diagnosis of certaindisease states caused by a malfunction of the collagen network and elastin fibres
Descoeur, Géraud. "Syndrome de Nelson et adénome "invasif" de l' hypophyse : à propos d' une observation : iconographie et commentaires". Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987CLF13008.
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