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Alakshendra, Abhinav, i Dong Li. "Intra-household Bargaining, Son Preference and the Status of Women in India". Indian Economic Journal 68, nr 4 (grudzień 2020): 633–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019466221998830.
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Son preference prevails among Indian families. We test the hypothesis that women who bear sons experience an elevated status within the household, which translates into their increased role in decision-making. Using data from the Indian Human Development Survey, we find that women who have given birth to at least one son show greater participation in the household’s financial decisions as well as other decisions on a regular basis. After analysing 13 decision variables, we find that women who have given birth to at least one son enjoy higher overall bargaining power in the household. For example, in decisions concerning what to spend money on, having a son is equivalent to 6 years of formal education. We also show that the presence of a senior member in the household, however, often reduces the women’s household bargaining strength. JEL Classification Codes: J11, J12, J13, D190
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Wachinger, Jonas, Mark Donald C. Reñosa, Vivienne Endoma, Mila F. Aligato, Jhoys Landicho-Guevarra, Jeniffer Landicho, Thea Andrea Bravo i Shannon A. McMahon. "Bargaining and gendered authority: a framework to understand household decision-making about childhood vaccines in the Philippines". BMJ Global Health 7, nr 9 (wrzesień 2022): e009781. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2022-009781.
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IntroductionTargeted vaccination promotion efforts aimed at building vaccine confidence require an in-depth understanding of how and by whom decisions about vaccinating children are made. While several studies have highlighted how parents interact with other stakeholders when discussing childhood vaccination, less is known about the way in which vaccination uptake is negotiated within households.MethodsWe conducted 44 in-depth interviews with caregivers of children under five in the Philippines who had delayed or refused vaccination. Interviews were conducted between August 2020 and March 2021 and were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and translated into English. Notions of intra-household vaccination bargaining emerged early during systematic debriefings and were probed more pointedly throughout data collection.ResultsParents as well as paternal and maternal families proved to be dominant stakeholders in intra-household bargaining for childhood vaccination. Although bargaining among these stakeholders was based on engrained, gender-based power imbalances, disadvantaged stakeholders could draw on a range of interrelated sources of bargaining power to nevertheless shape decision-making. Sources of bargaining power included, in descending order of their relevance for vaccination, (1) physical presence at the household (at the time of vaccination decision-making), (2) interest in the topic of vaccination and conviction of one’s own position, (3) previous vaccination and caregiving experience, and (4) access to household resources (including finances). The degree to which each household member could draw on these sources of bargaining power varied considerably over time and across households.ConclusionOur findings highlight how bargaining due to intra-household disagreement coins decisions regarding childhood vaccination. Considering the risks for public health associated with vaccine hesitancy globally, we advocate for acknowledging intra-household dynamics in research and practice, such as by purposefully targeting household members with decision-making capacity in vaccination promotion efforts, aligning promotion efforts with available bargaining capacity or further empowering those convinced of vaccination.
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Kalanzi, Fred, Prossy Isubikalu, Florence B. Kyazze, Lawrence J. B. Orikiriza, Isaac Kiyingi i Habtemariam Assefa. "Intra-household decision-making among smallholder agroforestry farmers in the eastern highlands of Uganda". International Journal of Agricultural Extension 8, nr 2 (18.11.2020): 97–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.33687/ijae.008.02.3251.
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This paper examines the intra-household decision-making patterns among spouses regarding agroforestry decisions in the eastern highlands of Uganda. The study uses both quantitative and qualitative data to examine spousal differences in the allocation of decision-making power over eight agroforestry decisions in dual-headed households. Quantitative data were collected through a cross-sectional survey in which both husbands and wives were interviewed separately and used to determine the decision-making power of spouses as well as the influence of individual and household characteristics on decision-making. Qualitative data from focus group discussions were collected to validate the quantitative findings. The study found that there were agreements and disagreements among spouses on how decision-making power is exercised over a range of agroforestry decisions. Wives allocated themselves more decision-making power than was assigned to them by their husbands. The higher allocation of decision-making power for wives tended to be in decisions linked to their roles and responsibilities in the household. The most critical factor influencing accord in decision-making was the number of years spent together by the couple while the number of children shared between the couple and farm-labour difference between husband and wife was the most significant for discord. Findings imply that most agroforestry interventions where wives participate without their spouses are bound to fail in dual-headed households because they wives limited decision-making power. It's desirable for programmes promoting agroforestry to integrate both husbands and wives in their interventions, for agroforestry to be more meaningful in meeting their divergent interests. This paper examines the intra-household decision-making patterns among spouses regarding agroforestry decisions in the eastern highlands of Uganda. The study uses both quantitative and qualitative data to examine spousal differences in the allocation of decision-making power over eight agroforestry decisions in dual-headed households. Quantitative data were collected through a cross-sectional survey in which both husbands and wives were interviewed separately and used to determine the decision-making power of spouses as well as the influence of individual and household characteristics on decision-making. Qualitative data from focus group discussions were collected to validate the quantitative findings. The study found that there were agreements and disagreements among spouses on how decision-making power is exercised over a range of agroforestry decisions. Wives allocated themselves more decision-making power than was assigned to them by their husbands. The higher allocation of decision-making power for wives tended to be in decisions linked to their roles and responsibilities in the household. The most critical factor influencing accord in decision-making was the number of years spent together by the couple while the number of children shared between the couple and farm-labour difference between husband and wife was the most significant for discord. Findings imply that most agroforestry interventions where wives participate without their spouses are bound to fail in dual-headed households because they wives limited decision-making power. It's desirable for programmes promoting agroforestry to integrate both husbands and wives in their interventions, for agroforestry to be more meaningful in meeting their divergent interests.
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MOLYNEUX, C. S., G. MURIRA, J. MASHA i R. W. SNOW. "INTRA-HOUSEHOLD RELATIONS AND TREATMENT DECISION-MAKING FOR CHILDHOOD ILLNESS: A KENYAN CASE STUDY". Journal of Biosocial Science 34, nr 1 (styczeń 2002): 109–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932002001098.
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This study, conducted on the Kenyan coast, assesses the effect of intra-household relations on maternal treatment-seeking. Rural and urban Mijikenda mothers’ responses to childhood fevers in the last 2 weeks (n=317), and to childhood convulsions in the previous year (n=43), were documented through survey work. The intra-household relations and decision-making dynamics surrounding maternal responses were explored through in-depth individual and group interviews, primarily with women (n=223). Responses to convulsions were more likely than responses to fevers to include a healer consultation (p<0·0001), and less likely to include the purchase of over-the-counter medications (p<0·0001). Mothers received financial or advisory assistance from others in 71% (n=236) of actions taken outside the household in response to fevers. In-depth interviews suggested that general agreement on appropriate therapy results in relatively few intra-household conflicts over the treatment of fevers. Disputes over perceived cause and appropriate therapy of convulsions, however, highlighted the importance of age, gender and relationship to household head in intra-household relations and treatment decision-making. Although mothers’ treatment-seeking preferences are often circumscribed by these relations, a number of strategies can be drawn upon to circumvent ‘inappropriate’ decisions, sometimes with implications for future household responses to similar syndromes. The findings highlight the complexity of intra-household relations and treatment decision-making dynamics. Tentative implications for interventions aimed at improving the home management of malaria, and for further research, are presented.
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Gomes, Francisco, Michael Haliassos i Tarun Ramadorai. "Household Finance". Journal of Economic Literature 59, nr 3 (1.09.2021): 919–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jel.20201461.
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Household financial decisions are complex, interdependent, and heterogeneous, and central to the functioning of the financial system. We present an overview of the rapidly expanding literature on household finance (with some important exceptions) and suggest directions for future research. We begin with the theory and empirics of asset market participation and asset allocation over the life cycle. We then discuss household choices in insurance markets, trading behavior, decisions on retirement saving, and financial choices by retirees. We survey research on liabilities, including mortgage choice, refinancing, and default, and household behavior in unsecured credit markets, including credit cards and payday lending. We then connect the household to its social environment, including peer effects, cultural and hereditary factors, intra-household financial decision-making, financial literacy, cognition, and educational interventions. We also discuss literature on the provision and consumption of financial advice. (JEL D15, G41, G50, J26, Z13)
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Niemann, Johanne, Miriam El-Mahdi, Helle Samuelsen i Britt Pinkowski Tersbøl. "Gender relations and decision-making on climate change adaptation in rural East African households: A qualitative systematic review". PLOS Climate 3, nr 1 (10.01.2024): e0000279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000279.
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Background: Climatic changes are threatening rural livelihoods in East Africa. Evidence suggests that climate change adaptation in this context might reproduce inequitable intra-household gender relations and that adaptation may be more effective when women are involved in meaningful ways. Hence, a nuanced understanding of the gendered nature of intra-household adaptation decision-making is essential for gender-responsive research, policy-making and practice. This qualitative systematic review aimed to investigate how gender relations influence decision-making concerning climate change adaptation in rural East African households and how decisions about climate change adaptation influence intra-household gender dynamics, in turn. Applying qualitative meta-synthesis principles, systematic searches were conducted in 8 databases and supplemented with comprehensive hand searches. 3,662 unique hits were screened using predetermined inclusion criteria, leading to a final sample of 21 papers. Relevant findings of these studies were synthesised using inductive thematic coding, memoing and thematic analysis. While men tended to be the primary decision-makers, women exercised some decision-making power in traditionally female domains and in female-headed households. Women’s and men’s roles in intra-household adaptation decision-making appeared to be influenced by a plethora of interconnected factors, including gender norms, gendered divisions of labour and access, ownership and control over resources. Intra-household adaptation seemed to impact the dynamics between male and female household members. The pathways of this influence were complex, and the ultimate outcomes for men and women remained unclear. We discuss our findings with reference to theoretical literature on gender-transformative approaches in development and adaptation and previous research concerning the gendered nature of climate change adaptation in East Africa. We then discuss implications for gender-responsive adaptation interventions.
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Kumar, Manoj. "A Modeling Framework to Capture the Intra-Household Consumption Behavior". International Journal of Applied Behavioral Economics 6, nr 1 (styczeń 2017): 47–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijabe.2017010104.
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Quantitative models in marketing typically focus on the household as the unit of analysis while ignoring the individual family members' behavior and behavioral interactions among household members. However, knowledge of such intra-household behavioral interaction enables marketers to target their communications more effectively. In this paper, the author proposes a modeling framework to capture the intra-household behavioral interaction based on family members' actual consumption behavior over time. The author develops a model to capture multiple agents' simultaneous choice decisions over more than two choice alternatives. This is extremely difficult with other previously developed modeling approaches. We apply the proposed model to a context of family member's television viewing, and simultaneously model whether TV is on, which type of programs is playing and which family member(s) is (are) watching. The proposed model allows us to estimate the individual's intrinsic preference and the extrinsic preference from a joint consumption with other members. These estimates allow us to test several alternative group decision-making heuristics that may operate in those joint consumption occasions and conduct managerially useful counterfactual simulations.
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Mahapatro, Sandhya Rani. "Changing Gender Relations and Its Influence on Female Migration Decision in India". Pakistan Development Review 52, nr 1 (1.03.2013): 69–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v52i1pp.69-88.
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This paper is an attempt to understand the position of Indian women in the family and its influence on their migration decision. The migration-empowerment relation can be explained through relative measures like intra-household decision making indicators, and age and educational differences. The data for the purpose of the study has been drawn from the various rounds of NSSO and NFHS and it has been analysed at the state level due to data limitations for explanatory variables at the household level. The bi-variate findings show economic decision making related to large household purchases, decisions on mobility and spousal educational differences which exhibit a linear relation with the women’s migration decision. The empirical findings suggest the women’s greater involvement on own health care, spousal age and educational differences significantly influence their migration decision. This suggests that women’s empowerment influences their migration decision. JEL Classification: J10, J16 Keywords: Empowerment, Migration, Women, India, Relative Measures
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Fatima, Ambreen, Faizan Iftikhar i Humera Sultana. "The Influence Of Endogenous Mother’s Bargaining Power On Her Child’s Schooling: Evidence From Pakistan". Pakistan Journal of Applied Social Sciences 4, nr 1 (8.09.2016): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.46568/pjass.v4i1.293.
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This paper is an attempt to identify intra- household relationship among its members and its effects on child schooling. Specifically the article is designed to look for the answers of following questions: what are the principal determinants of power of mothers in making decisions or what is an appropriate way to measure decision- making power? How does this decision- making power of mothers in the household affects child schooling decision? Is this effect non-linear and non-monotonic as predicted by all recent literature? The objectives are explored by using the Living Standard Measurement Survey data of Pakistan for the period 2007-08. Article shows that the effect of any additional power given to mother’s increases child schooling but the effect is not non-monotonic.
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Porter, Maria. "How do sex ratios in China influence marriage decisions and intra-household resource allocation?" Review of Economics of the Household 14, nr 2 (27.08.2014): 337–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11150-014-9262-9.
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Beck, Matthew J., i John M. Rose. "Stated preference modelling of intra-household decisions: Can you more easily approximate the preference space?" Transportation 46, nr 4 (9.10.2017): 1195–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11116-017-9822-y.
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Lu, Qiling, i Jing Hua. "Micro-Household Human Capital Investment Decisions and a Simulation Study from the Intergenerational Conflict Perspective". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, nr 3 (17.01.2023): 1696. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20031696.
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Education is highly valued in Asian families. However, as family members age, competition for intra-family resources affects children’s actualization in the family, which impacts the family’s future capital. However, most existing studies have interpreted the family’s intergenerational conflicts in terms of care services for older adults, and few have analyzed and simulated intra-family competition based on the intergenerational conflict. This study introduces a multi-agent simulation approach to observe micro-households’ educational investment choices under the dual pressures of retirement and childcare. This measure captures households’ investment choices and provides a decision basis for given households. Using data from the China Family Panel Study for 2014, 2016, and 2018, we explore the impact of these dual pressures on household educational expenditures and their differences across urban and rural areas, household aging, and income samples. We also simulated the micro-households’ investment choices under these dual pressures to observe that these pressures reduce investments in educational human capital in these “sandwich-like” households. The simulation results suggest that households with high childcare stress invest more in education than those with a high retirement burden. Moreover, income growth can mitigate the dual stress “crowding-out” effect on education, which is most pronounced in low-income, high childcare-stress households.
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Macharia-Mutie, C., GG Gebre, H. Tesfaye, A. Aoga, G. Minas i T. Aberash. "Integrating nutrition in the Sasakawa Africa Association extension services: Knowledge, attitude and practices among smallholder farmers". African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 24, nr 3 (6.04.2024): 25712–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.128.24310.
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This survey aimed to establish nutrition-related knowledge, attitudes and practices, and to observe how gender influences household food-related decision-making processes in the Sasakawa Africa Association (SAA) intervention areas in the Oromia and Southern Nation Nationalities and People regions of Ethiopia. The findings would inform implementation of communication for nutrition social and behaviour change among small-holder farmers as part of the SAA corporate strategy on nutrition-sensitive agriculture. The study population was smallholder farmers supported by SAA from which 311 respondents were selected through multistage sampling. Data were collected via a mixed methods approach consisting of a household survey, focus group discussions (FGDs) and key informant interviews (KIIs). Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics while qualitative data was analysed using a narrative and content approach. The study focused on knowledge, attitudes and practices related to production and consumption of micronutrient-rich foods. Majority (59.5%) of the respondents were male. Men were the main decision makers on staple or commercial food crop production and proportion of produced crops to be consumed at home or sold in the market. Women mainly made decisions regarding production and consumption of fruits and vegetables, intra-household food distribution, preservation and storage. There was a lack of knowledge on iron and vitamin A fortified or biofortified sources of food. Nearly three quarters (72%) of women did not meet the minimum dietary diversity for women, a proxy indicator of adequacy of micronutrient intake and diet quality. The mean dietary diversity score was 3.8 with animal source foods being the least consumed. Not having sufficient money to buy food, unavailability of different food groups and poor intra-household food distribution were among the key reasons for lack of diverse diets. Majority of the respondents were aware of the importance of production and consumption of micronutrient-rich foods. However, there was a gap in practice and awareness about biofortified and fortified foods. While most of the respondents had produced fruits and vegetables in home gardens in the three months prior to this survey, more than half (54%) of the respondents thought it was not likely that they would produce fruits and vegetables for home consumption. More targeted nutrition campaigns are required to increase the ability of small-holder farmers to adopt best practices while reducing the barriers associated with access and consumption. Promotion of fruit and vegetable production in home gardens could be considered as option for improving household dietary quality as well as empowering women to make more decisions. Key words: Sasakawa Africa Association, Small-holder farmers, Nutrition, Knowledge, Practices
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Gluszak, Michal, i Bartlomiej Marona. "Discrete choice model of residential location in Krakow". Journal of European Real Estate Research 10, nr 1 (2.05.2017): 4–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jerer-01-2016-0006.
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Purpose This paper aims to discuss the link between socio-economic characteristics of house buyers and their housing location choices. The major objective of the study is an examination of the role of household socio-economic characteristics. The research addresses the importance of previous residence location and latent housing motives for intra-urban housing mobility. Design/methodology/approach The research examines housing preferences structure and analyzes housing location choices in the city of Krakow (Poland) using discrete choice model (conditional logit model). The research is based on stated preference data from Krakow. Findings The results of this study suggest that demand for housing alternatives is negatively linked to the distance from current residence. Other factors stay equal, the further the distance, the less likely a household is willing to choose a location within the metropolitan area. The study indicates that housing motives can help explain housing location decisions. Practical implications The paper provides an empirical assessment of housing decisions in Krakow, one of the major metropolitan areas in Poland. Originality/value The paper contributes to a better understanding of the nature of housing decision and housing preferences in emerging markets in Central and Eastern Europe. As a result, presented research helps to fill the gap in housing market and urban economics literature.
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Nam, Youngwon, Kyungmin Kim i Gyounghae Han. "COUPLES’ FINANCIAL BEHAVIORS AND SATISFACTION AMONG KOREAN BABY BOOMERS". Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (1.11.2022): 628. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.2332.
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Abstract The life-cycle theory posits that midlife is a peak time of earning and productivity. However, middle-aged adults also face complex financial decisions (e.g., mortgage, child tuition cost, care expenses for older parents, and their own health care expenses), which may influence their current and future financial well-being. While research has focused on individuals’ financial management behaviors at midlife, less is known about the interdependence of financial behaviors and well-being within a couple, which may be a more relevant unit of financial decisions. To address this gap, we examined middle-aged couples’ financial behaviors and satisfaction, using a sample of 1,111 couples (age 51–59) from the 2014 Korean Baby Boomer Panel Study (KBBPS). Wives showed consistently higher levels of financial behaviors in (a) recognizing financial status, (b) planning and monitoring financial goals, and (c) building and maintaining household wealth. Korean Baby Boomer couples also showed substantial within-couple similarity in planning and monitoring financial goals (ICC = .51) and building and maintaining household wealth (ICC = .65)—whereas they showed less shared awareness of household financial status (ICC = .23) between spouses. Results from the Actor-Partner Interdependence Models (APIM) revealed that beyond one’s own financial behaviors, their spouses’ financial behaviors were associated with higher financial satisfaction for both husbands and wives (partner effect). Further, intra-couple differences in financial behaviors were associated with lower financial satisfaction only for wives. These findings highlight the importance of shared process of financial decision making for financial well-being among couples in middle and later life.
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Ogolla, Kennedy O., Judith K. Chemuliti, Mariah Ngutu, Winnie W. Kimani, Douglas N. Anyona, Isaac K. Nyamongo i Salome A. Bukachi. "Women’s empowerment and intra-household gender dynamics and practices around sheep and goat production in South East Kenya". PLOS ONE 17, nr 8 (4.08.2022): e0269243. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0269243.
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Small ruminant production facets like decision-making, ownership, labour allocation, access to- and control over assets are gendered. This study investigates intra-household gender dynamics and practices around sheep and goat production among smallholder farmers in South East region of Kenya. A quantitative study was conducted on 358 dual-headed (married) households to generate gender-disaggregated data on ownership, decision-making and labour allocation around small ruminant production. Qualitative data was collected through focused group discussions to bring out the community perspectives. From the findings, the average number of small ruminants owned by the households as reported by men was slightly higher than women. The average number of small ruminants solely owned by men was significantly higher than by women. Men reported a relatively higher number of jointly owned small ruminants compared to women. More women than men reported that they could give as a gift, sell-off and slaughter jointly owned small ruminants without consulting their spouses. Small ruminants were considered the most important livestock asset in supporting a household’s livelihood by relatively more women than men. Men had more decision-making autonomy over jointly owned small ruminants compared to women. Production tasks around small ruminants such as feeding, watering, selling milk and cleaning housing structures were mostly performed by the women. Qualitative data identified men as the de facto owners of small ruminants with a higher power position in making the important production decisions. The study offers three implications on the design of livestock interventions to empower women, the interventions should ensure that; 1) women are not just owners of livestock assets but also share power and decision-making rights in all aspects of production, 2) production labour is shared equitably between men and women and, 3) women access benefits from livestock production even when animals are owned by men.
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ADEKUNLE, Chioma Patricia, David Alaba ALORI i Adebayo Augustine KUTU. "Does women’s intra-household bargaining power have effect on child welfare? Evidence from farm households in Ogun state, Nigeria". Acta agriculturae Slovenica 117, nr 1 (31.03.2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.14720/aas.2021.117.1.1716.
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<p>This study examines whether greater women’s household bargaining power is associated with the improvement in children’s welfare in Ogun State, Nigeria. Using data from 320 farm households with a Logit regression model, the study revealed that 31.86 % of children under-five years of age were stunted, 32 % were underweight and 16.2 % were wasted. Children growing up healthy were 62 %, implying that one – third of under-five children in the study area still experience nutrition deficiency. About 3.33 % and 1.05 % children simultaneously experienced stunting and wasting together, which perhaps suggests a harsh deprivation environment. In addition, 63.33 % of women in the study area had low bargaining power implying that they lack control over important decisions in their households. Women who enjoy decision-making power in their households, particularly with large purchasing power, are associated with having children with better height-for-age, mass-for-age, and mass-for-height ratios. Women’s inequality as relates to intra-household bargaining power negatively affects children’s welfare and leads to chronic malnutrition. As a policy recommendation, it is therefore, important to enhance women’s status, which, with time will lead to more investment in their children’s education, health, and overall welfare.</p>
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ELLIS, AMY A., SEYDOU DOUMBIA, SIDY TRAORÉ, SARAH L. DALGLISH i PETER J. WINCH. "HOUSEHOLD ROLES AND CARE-SEEKING BEHAVIOURS IN RESPONSE TO SEVERE CHILDHOOD ILLNESS IN MALI". Journal of Biosocial Science 45, nr 6 (22.04.2013): 743–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932013000163.
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SummaryMalaria is a major cause of under-five mortality in Mali and many other developing countries. Malaria control programmes rely on households to identify sick children and either care for them in the home or seek treatment at a health facility in the case of severe illness. This study examines the involvement of mothers and other household members in identifying and treating severely ill children through case studies of 25 rural Malian households. A wide range of intra-household responses to severe illness were observed among household members, both exemplifying and contravening stated social norms about household roles. Given their close contact with children, mothers were frequently the first to identify illness symptoms. However, decisions about care-seeking were often taken by fathers and senior members of the household. As stewards of the family resources, fathers usually paid for care and thus significantly determined when and where treatment was sought. Grandparents were frequently involved in diagnosing illnesses and directing care towards traditional healers or health facilities. Relationships between household members during the illness episode were found to vary from highly collaborative to highly conflictive, with critical effects on how quickly and from where treatment for sick children was sought. These findings have implications for the design and targeting of malaria and child survival programming in the greater West African region.
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Singh, Chandni, Mark Tebboth, Dian Spear, Prince Ansah i Adelina Mensah. "Exploring methodological approaches to assess climate change vulnerability and adaptation: reflections from using life history approaches". Regional Environmental Change 19, nr 8 (26.11.2019): 2667–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10113-019-01562-z.
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AbstractPeople in developing countries face multiple risks, and their response decisions sit at the complex and often opaque interface of climatic stressors, constrained resource access, and changing livelihoods, social structures, and personal aspirations. Many risk management studies use a well-established toolkit of methodologies—household surveys, focus group discussions, and semi-structured interviews. We argue that such methodological conservatism tends to neglect the dynamic and differentiated nature of livelihood decisions. Since different methodologies privilege different portrayals of risk and response, we highlight how plural methodological approaches can capture a broader range of perspectives and problematisations. In this paper, we draw on life history (LH) interviews across four countries (Kenya, Namibia, Ghana, and India) to offer one way of expanding current methodological approaches on vulnerability and adaptation. We argue that LHs offer four key ‘value additions’. First, LHs give insights into the multiple and interacting nature of drivers of response behaviour. Second, they highlight intra-household dynamics to demonstrate how people with differential power shape risk management decisions. Third, LHs support explorations of past decisions, present situations, and future aspirations, thus producing temporally nuanced enquiries. Fourth, they provide a powerful analytical lens to capture the interplay of motivations, aspirations, and values on livelihood choices and adaptation outcomes. By adding value in these four ways, LHs challenge assumptions about how and why people respond to multiple risks and offer a nuanced understanding of adaptation processes.
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Hu, Yang, Bert van Wee i Dick Ettema. "Intra-household decisions and the impact of the built environment on activity-travel behavior: A review of the literature". Journal of Transport Geography 106 (styczeń 2023): 103485. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2022.103485.
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Candelo, Natalia, Catherine Eckel i Cathleen Johnson. "Social Distance Matters in Dictator Games: Evidence from 11 Mexican Villages". Games 9, nr 4 (2.10.2018): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/g9040077.
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We examine the impact of social distance in dictator game giving. The study is conducted in a field setting with high stakes (two days’ wages). The sample is a representative sample from eleven low-income Mexican villages. Subjects make multiple dictator decisions simultaneously, in a comparative dictator game. We show the relationship between social distance and giving using several family members, a member of the same village, and a stranger from a different village. Dictator giving shows substantial variation across recipient types and varies directly with social distance. We find higher giving towards family members than towards community members and strangers. Furthermore, our results indicate that giving to community members and to strangers is not different. In light of our results, it is important to consider the impact of social distance on inter- and intra-household transfers in policy interventions that alleviate poverty, e.g., conditional transfers.
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MASOOD KADIR, MUHAMMAD, FARIYAL F. FIKREE, AMANULLAH KHAN i FATIMA SAJAN. "DO MOTHERS-IN-LAW MATTER? FAMILY DYNAMICS AND FERTILITY DECISION-MAKING IN URBAN SQUATTER SETTLEMENTS OF KARACHI, PAKISTAN". Journal of Biosocial Science 35, nr 4 (październik 2003): 545–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932003005984.
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The perspectives of mothers-in-law about intra-household decision-making, family size and family planning are investigated, and their views compared with those of their sons and daughters-in-law. Women (717 daughters-in-law), their husbands (717 sons) and their 522 mothers-in-law were interviewed in eight squatter settlements in Karachi, Pakistan. Decisions about the schooling and health care of children, and the purchase of jewellery, are perceived to lie within the nuclear family domain (i.e. husband and wife). There was a difference in mothers-in-law’s, daughters-in-law’s and sons’ desire to have more children. Twenty-eight per cent of mothers-in-law versus 58% of daughters-in-law did not want more grandsons/sons and 36% of mothers-in-law versus 66% of daughters-in-law did not want more granddaughters/daughters. The difference was markedly greater among the mother-in-law/daughter-in-law pairs than in the mother/son pairs. Overall, the mother-in-law’s role seems to be somewhat overshadowed by that of her son (family male member), except for limiting family size. It is suggested that mothers-in-law should be included in Information–Education–Communication (IEC) campaigns about family planning.
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Khoza, Sizwile, Dewald Van Niekerk i Livhuwani David Nemakonde. "Understanding gender dimensions of climate-smart agriculture adoption in disaster-prone smallholder farming communities in Malawi and Zambia". Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal 28, nr 5 (7.10.2019): 530–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dpm-10-2018-0347.
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Purpose Through the application of traditional and contemporary feminist theories in gender mainstreaming, the purpose of this paper is to contribute to emergent debate on gender dimensions in climate-smart agriculture (CSA) adoption by smallholder farmers in disaster-prone regions. This is important to ensure that CSA strategies are tailored to farmer-specific gender equality goals. Design/methodology/approach An exploratory-sequential mixed methods research design which is qualitatively biased was applied. Key informant interviews and farmer focus group discussions in two study sites formed initial qualitative phase whose findings were explored in a quantitative cross-sectional household survey. Findings Findings shared in this paper indicate the predominant application of traditional gender mainstreaming approaches in CSA focusing on parochial gender dichotomy. Qualitative findings highlight perceptions that western gender approaches are not fully applicable to local contexts and realities, with gender mainstreaming in CSA seemingly to fulfil donor requirements, and ignorant of the heterogeneous nature of social groups. Quantitative findings establish that married men are majority adopters and non-adopters of CSA, while dis-adopters are predominantly de jure female household heads. The latter are more likely to adopt CSA than married women whose main role in CSA is implementers of spouse’s decisions. Access to education, intra-household power relations, productive asset and land ownership are socio-cultural dynamics shaping farmer profiles. Originality/value By incorporating African feminisms and intersectionality in CSA, value of this study lies in recommending gender policy reforms incorporating local gender contexts within the African socio-cultural milieu. This paper accentuates potential benefits of innovative blend of both contemporary and classic gender mainstreaming approaches in CSA research, practice and technology development in disaster-prone regions.
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Faia, Ricardo, Tiago Pinto, Zita Vale i Juan Manuel Corchado. "Prosumer Community Portfolio Optimization via Aggregator: The Case of the Iberian Electricity Market and Portuguese Retail Market". Energies 14, nr 13 (22.06.2021): 3747. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14133747.
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The participation of household prosumers in wholesale electricity markets is very limited, considering the minimum participation limit imposed by most market participation rules. The generation capacity of households has been increasing since the installation of distributed generation from renewable sources in their facilities brings advantages for themselves and the system. Due to the growth of self-consumption, network operators have been putting aside the purchase of electricity from households, and there has been a reduction in the price of these transactions. This paper proposes an innovative model that uses the aggregation of households to reach the minimum limits of electricity volume needed to participate in the wholesale market. In this way, the Aggregator represents the community of households in market sales and purchases. An electricity transactions portfolio optimization model is proposed to enable the Aggregator reaching the decisions on which markets to participate to maximize the market negotiation outcomes, considering the day-ahead market, intra-day market, and retail market. A case study is presented, considering the Iberian wholesale electricity market and the Portuguese retail market. A community of 50 prosumers equipped with photovoltaic generators and individual storage systems is used to carry out the experiments. A cost reduction of 6–11% is achieved when the community of households buys and sells electricity in the wholesale market through the Aggregator.
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Bhat, Chandra R., i Ram M. Pendyala. "Modeling intra-household interactions and group decision-making". Transportation 32, nr 5 (wrzesień 2005): 443–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11116-005-6789-x.
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Pandey, Shanta, i Hae nim Lee. "Determinants of child immunization in Nepal: The role of women’s empowerment". Health Education Journal 71, nr 6 (13.09.2011): 642–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0017896911419343.
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Background: Approximately 1.4 million or 13% of all children who die each year could be prevented with widely-available vaccines. Objective: We examined if women’s empowerment improved child immunization using data on 1,056 mothers with young children from Nepal. Methods: The study utilized the 2006 Nepal Demographic and Health Survey, a nationally-representative sample of 10,793 women from 8,707 households across Nepal. We selected all mothers with first child between the ages of 12 and 23 months at the time of interview. This resulted in a sample of 1,056 mothers. Results: Among the measures of women’s empowerment, mothers’ education was significantly associated with child immunization. The odds of being fully immunized for children of mothers with secondary education were 5.91 times the odds for children of mothers without any formal education. Other measures of women’s empowerment – women’s age at birth of first child, gap in age between spouses, women’s knowledge about sexually-transmitted diseases, their role in intra-household financial, health and mobility decisions, and their perceptions toward wife beating – were not associated with child immunization. Among control variables, mothers who received antenatal care were 3.31 times as likely to immunize their children as mothers who did not receive any antenatal care. Other such barriers to health service use such as cost of care, distance to health services, and quality of health services were not significant. Conclusions: To improve child immunization, Nepal should strengthen its antenatal care services. Additionally, over 56% of mothers in Nepal had no formal education; to improve child health in the long run, the country should focus on education of women and girls.
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Bobic, Mirjana. "Modern rural family and household in Yugoslavia". Stanovnistvo 37, nr 1-4 (1999): 93–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/stnv9904093b.
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The paper analyzes modern rural household in Yugoslavia, both by region and at the level of the country as a whole. The author begins by providing a statistical and sociological definition of basic terms, and proceeds with a combination of social and demographic analysis. The basic criterion used is the residential status of the population (permanent residence) based on the administrative distribution of settlements with the non-city ("other") population treated as part of rural population. The descriptive basis was formed on the basis of two types of sources: population census data and relevant studies, on the one hand, and comprehensive researches of rural family in the 1990s, on the other. The modernization theory has provided the basic framework for the analysis of the state and movement in rural households in Yugoslavia since the beginning of the 20th century, but the paper deals mainly with social and economic developments following the Second World War. The following components of the rural households are analyzed: dynamics and average size, as well as composition of households. With reference to the level of the social change they had undergone and some demographic special features, rural households are classified into four main types: 1) purely agricultural; 2) mixed (with income earned from agricultural and non-agricultural activities); 3) non-agricultural; and 4) households of elderly people. The appearance and growth of mixed households during the pest-war period, following adoption of the socialistic command economy, came as a result of objective contradictions in transformation of an individual agricultural household into a modern market-oriented holding, and its cooperation with the state-owned cooperative sector. Since early 1980s, however, with deterioration in its position, agricultural production is gradually given up or maintained at the subsistence level, while most family members earn their living from the non-agricultural sector. These tendencies were most rapidly observed in Vojvodina, which is the most fertile region of the country, and most slowly in central Serbia. As a result of the above social and economic transformation the village was also exposed to a strong demographic transformation, which was most readily observed in ageing and feminization of population and its labor force and narrowing down of family structure to conjugal family united through marriage, which is made up of aged parents without an heir. The rural household and/or family have undergone crucial changes in respect of three main segments: 1) size; 2) structure; and 3) position and role of family members. This last aspect has been the subject of numerous comprehensive studies into the way of life in villages. The analysis of family relations in a village was conducted in two segments: intra-generation (between spouses and between children, especially of different gender) and inter-generation (parent - children relations). Segregation of roles by gender is still characterized by male domination, husband - head of the family, and son - the heir. Housework, parenthood, and the homestead itself (due to the increased engagement of the husband in non-agricultural activities) are the main sources of self-realization of women. Marriage and bearing children (especially male children) represent the main social promotion channel for young girls in a village environment, while education and earning income from work outside the village do not ensure a significant role in making decisions on family life in general, children's future or even personal destiny. Incidence of conflict in marriage is rare. Satisfaction with a twofold role of the mother and housekeeper is very high as well as understanding for tl1e difficulties of the social position of a man - the "bread winner" in the current social crisis and disintegration. The author points to the lack of data on rural households in Kosovo and Metohia caused by the boycott of the latest census by the majority, ethnic Albanian population. An attempt was hence made to compensate for the lack of quantitative information by presenting results of representative investigation of Albanian zadrugas in Kosovo and Metohia.
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Sheikh, Qurra-tul-ain Ali, Mahpara Sadaqat i Muhammad Meraj. "Reckoning females’ education as a determinant of fertility control in Pakistan". International Journal of Social Economics 44, nr 3 (6.03.2017): 414–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-01-2015-0007.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to obtain empirical evidence on the impacts of socio-economic and demographic factors on the fertility decisions taken by a common family in developing countries like Pakistan. Also, this study contravenes the conventional orthodoxy of childbirth decisions of a family by enlarging the canvas and conjectures the fundamental nexus amongst female’s education, fertility and contraceptive use. Design/methodology/approach The study is based on micro-level data, obtained from the Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey (2012-2013) which is the third survey carried out in Pakistan. Demographic and socio-economic profiles of 13,558 ever-married women, aged 15-49 years, were randomly selected from Gilgit Baltistan and the four provinces of Pakistan. Three dependent variables are used in empirical analysis i.e. current use of contraceptives, total fertility and cumulative fertility. In order to estimate the probability of contraceptive use maximum likelihood, Probit technique is employed with ordinary least squares on reduced form specifications of total fertility and cumulative fertility models. Findings The empirical results proved the hypotheses that educated females practice more family planning through modern contraceptives which leads to a decrease in total fertility rates. Some significant links among females’ education, contraceptive use and fertility define the quantity – quality trade-off and opportunity cost of time. Evidently, female education provides maturity and awareness of family size which is necessary to take crucial economic decisions. Research limitations/implications The empirical evidence suggests that maximum efforts should be made toward women’s education. The current standard of education in Pakistan is not enough to overcome the long-standing problem of excessive child birth. This could be done with the help of public – private partnership as the measures taken by the government alone are insufficient. The government should initiate some adequate measures such as education and awareness about contraceptive usage at the secondary school level that could be a vivacious step to support fertility reduction. Practical implications The framework used in this study provides a broader intra-household income–expenditure approach. With a smaller family size, the household’s income would be shared among fewer individuals. It is highly probable that parents would be more attentive if they need to look after a few children. That is the best way to progress their children with limited resources. Social implications From the socioeconomic perspectives, educated parents plan the ideal family size which allows them to spend more on their children’s upbringing. Originality/value This study captures the magnitude of fertility decisions with the relevance of the wife’s education because the present practice in Pakistan does not allow higher education for married women. This is why this study could be used as a benchmark for further study in the same area.
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Mekonen, Enyew Getaneh, Belayneh Shetie Workneh, Tadesse Tarik Tamir i Alebachew Ferede Zegeye. "Prompt treatment of fever and its associated factors among under-five children in sub-Saharan Africa: A multilevel analysis of evidence from 36 countries". PLOS ONE 19, nr 5 (16.05.2024): e0303680. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0303680.
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Introduction Despite the decrease in the global under-five mortality rate, the highest rates of mortality are reported in sub-Saharan Africa. More than one-third of all deaths among under-five children are either from lower respiratory tract infections, diarrhea, or malaria. Poor treatment-seeking behavior for fever among mothers of under-five children is a big concern in sub-Saharan Africa. However, the pooled prevalence of prompt treatment of fever and its associated factors among under-five children in the region using nationally representative data is not known. Therefore, the findings of this study will inform policymakers and program managers who work on child health to design interventions to improve the timely and appropriate treatment of fever among under-five children. Methods Data from the recent demographic and health surveys of 36 countries in sub-Saharan Africa conducted between 2006 and 2022 were used. A total weighted sample of 71,503 living children aged under five years with a fever was included in the study. Data extracted from DHS data sets were cleaned, recorded, and analyzed using STATA/SE version 14.0 statistical software. Multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression was used to determine the factors associated with the outcome variable. Intra-class correlation coefficient, likelihood ratio test, median odds ratio, and deviance (-2LLR) values were used for model comparison and fitness. Finally, variables with a p-value <0.05 and an adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval were declared statistically significant. Results The pooled prevalence of prompt treatment of fever among under-five children in sub-Saharan African countries was 26.11% (95% CI: 25.79%, 26.44%). Factors like maternal education [AOR = 1.18; 95% CI (1.13, 1.25)], maternal working status [AOR = 1.34; 95% CI (1.27, 1.41)], media exposure [AOR = 1.05; 95% CI (1.01, 1.10)], household wealth index [AOR = 1.13; 95% CI (1.06, 1.19)], distance to a health facility [AOR = 1.18; 95% CI (1.13, 1.23)], healthcare decisions [AOR = 1.34; 95% CI (1.01, 1.77)], visited healthcare facility last 12 months [AOR = 1.45; 95% CI (1.38, 1.52)], antenatal care attendance [AOR = 1.79; 95% CI (1.61, 1.99)], place of delivery [AOR = 1.55; 95% CI (1.47, 1.63)], and community-level antenatal care utilization [AOR = 1.08; 95% CI (1.02,1.14)] were significantly associated with prompt treatment of fever among under-five children. Conclusion The pooled prevalence of prompt treatment of fever among under-five children in sub-Saharan African countries was low. Educated women, working mothers, having media exposure, rich household wealth status, perceiving distance to a health facility was not a big problem, making healthcare decisions with husband or partner, visiting healthcare facility in the last 12 months, antenatal care attendance, health facility delivery, and high community-level antenatal care utilization increase the odds of prompt treatment of fever. Therefore, women’s empowerment, information dissemination through mass media, maintaining regular visits to healthcare facilities, and strengthening health facility delivery and antenatal care services are strongly recommended.
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Sariyev, Orkhan, Tim K. Loos i Manfred Zeller. "Women’s participation in decision-making and its implications for human capital investment". European Review of Agricultural Economics 47, nr 5 (24.04.2020): 1803–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/erae/jbaa008.
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Abstract We evaluate the implications of women’s participation in domestic decision-making on diets and investments in human resources in Ethiopian rural households. We create a metric to capture intra-household decision-making, which we use to estimate a positive association between women’s participation in decision-making and household-level dietary diversity. Moreover, we find that an increase in women’s participation in intra-household decision-making is associated with higher financial investments in human resources.
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Sinclair, Kate, Frans Elinder, Heshani Ranasinghe i Noor Aboobacker. "Improving Diets Requires a Shift in Attitudes Related to Gender Roles and Relations: Formative Research to Inform Social Behaviour Change Initiatives in Sri Lanka". Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (czerwiec 2021): 992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab051_036.
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Abstract Objectives With all forms of malnutrition remaining problematic in Sri Lanka, evidenced-based social behaviour change (SBC) interventions have been identified as an underutilized entry point to help improve food security and nutrition outcomes. In this study, we describe formative research findings derived from a qualitative ethnographic approach to inform gender-responsive nutrition SBC interventions. Methods This study was conducted in six regions of Sri Lanka, capturing diverse population segments. Data collection used focus group discussions, in-depth interviews, and kitchen audits to understand food environments and consumption habits as well as attitudes toward, and perceptions of, food and nutrition. Participants included women of reproductive age, adolescent girls and boys, male and female influencers, and health care workers. Results Deep-rooted patriarchal structures continue to prevail in Sri Lanka and gender differences in, and influence on, nutrition-related behaviours were evident throughout this study. These traditional roles and expectations are reinforced by the media. Men were typically responsible for providing economic resources to procure food, while women continue to bear the responsibility of acquiring and preparing it. Although women, who overall had relatively good knowledge about healthy eating, made most decisions related to food, the influence of men and children's preferences, which tended to be based on taste rather than nutritional value, took precedence. Gender inequalities related to the intra-household distribution of food favouring men and boys, both in terms of quality and quantity were highlighted. Important geographical differences in the barriers and facilitators to nutrition-related behaviour were also identified (e.g., media habits, social perceptions, lifestyle changes, and access to information and food). Education and communication initiatives tailored to challenging local gender stereotypes and notions of masculinity, especially as they related to food and nutrition, will be critical in efforts to build a movement to promote healthier diets. Conclusions The findings from this study should be integrated into the design and dissemination of tailored SBC messages in Sri Lanka. Failing to do so has the potential to further exacerbate nutrition and gender inequalities. Funding Sources WFP
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Booysen, Frederik, i Sevias Guvuriro. "Gender Differences in Intra-Household Financial Decision-Making: An Application of Coarsened Exact Matching". Journal of Risk and Financial Management 14, nr 10 (6.10.2021): 469. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm14100469.
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Most studies that explore collective models of intra-household decision-making use economic outcomes such as human capital, earnings, assets, and relative income shares as proxies of the relative distribution of bargaining power. These studies, however, fail to incorporate important measures of control over and management of the economic resources within households. In the current study, a direct measure of financial decision-making power within the household is used to directly assess the distribution of bargaining power. Coarsened exact matching, an identification strategy not yet applied in studies of this nature, is applied to couple-level observational data from South Africa’s longitudinal National Income Dynamics Study. The influence of gender differences in intra-household decision-making on resource allocations to per capita household expenditure is assessed. In the case of greater financial decision-making power in couples being assigned to wives rather than husbands, per capita household expenditure on education increases significantly. The empowerment of women with financial decision-making power therefore holds the promise of realizing the benefits of investments in human capital.
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Mahapatro, Sandhya R. "Gender and intra-household migration decision in India: An Empirical Analysis". Review of Social Studies 2, nr 2 (1.11.2015): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21586/ross0000019.
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Lungu, I., J. DiGiacomo, M. Vicini, T. Ahner-McHaffie, L. Baensch, M. Muttai, B. Degie, M. Liyhe, M. Thamari i G. Minas. "Intra-household gender dynamics and the adoption of best practices among teff farmers in Ethiopia". African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 24, nr 3 (6.04.2024): 25749–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.128.24295.
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Teff farming in Ethiopia is commonly seen as being dominated by men, with women playing supporting roles on some aspects of the growing process. This study is rooted in existing literature on drivers of Best Practices (BP) adoption and decision-making theory and is unique in that it focuses primarily on understanding how gender-specific factors influence decision-making on the adoption of BPs. To this end, the study assessed the intra-household gender dynamics at play within farming households in Amhara, Ethiopia, and their influence on deciding whether or not to adopt agricultural best practices for teff farming. These gender dynamics include the division of labor between women and men, intra-household decision-making processes, social and cultural norms and access factors (such as access to information, training, credit and control over income). Using data from a three-round quantitative survey with one woman and one man in 555 households, as well as focus group discussions and in-depth interviews, this study is uniquely placed to assess the impact of these gender-specific and intra-household factors on the adoption of best practices. The findings show that households where women are more involved in teff farming, have less input into decision-making, less control over income, and more access to information and adopt on average more best practices. However, there is significant heterogeneity when looking at individual best practices, with women’s decision-making power or access to resources particularly important for specific practices such as sowing in rows. This study implies that designing more gender-sensitive agricultural programs and extension services in Ethiopia – specifically on practices relevant to women and men – can increase best practice adoption, with the ultimate aim of increasing productivity and income for teff farming households, and empowering women. Since male and female farmers are involved in different practices, access to resources and decision-making power have different impacts depending on the gender of the respondent and the practice analyzed, and there is no “one size fits all” solution to improve teff farming productivity. Key words: intra-household dynamics, decision-making, gender roles, best practice adoption, teff
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Islam, Md Shafiqul. "Intra Household Labour Distribution and Role of Women in Family Decision Making Process". IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science 1, nr 4 (2012): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/0837-0140815.
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Ashraf, Nava. "Spousal Control and Intra-Household Decision Making: An Experimental Study in the Philippines". American Economic Review 99, nr 4 (1.08.2009): 1245–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.99.4.1245.
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I elicit causal effects of spousal observability and communication on financial choices of married individuals in the Philippines. When choices are private, men put money into their personal accounts. When choices are observable, men commit money to consumption for their own benefit. When required to communicate, men put money into their wives' account. These strong treatment effects on men, but not women, appear related more to control than to gender: men whose wives control household savings respond more strongly to the treatment and women whose husbands control savings exhibit the same response. Changes in information and communication interact with underlying control to produce mutable gender-specific outcomes. (JEL D13, D14, J12, J16, O15)
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Ermagun, Alireza, i David Levinson. "Intra-household bargaining for school trip accompaniment of children: A group decision approach". Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 94 (grudzień 2016): 222–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2016.09.012.
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Banerjee, Tanmoyee, i Malabika Roy. "Financial Literacy: An Intra-Household Case Study from West Bengal, India". Studies in Microeconomics 8, nr 2 (13.05.2020): 170–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2321022220916081.
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The study is an exercise to identify the presence of intra-household gender disparities in financial literacy levels between male and female decision-makers of the family (identified as male and female household heads) using data from a primary survey conducted in 24 Parganas (North), West Bengal, India. The survey shows the existence of significant intra-household gender gap in financial literacy. We also found that the female household heads with low financial literacy use mass media less intensively. Further, the study identifies that financial literacy is low for respondents in families with low levels of income and asset. Financial literacy improves with the use of mass media and education level. Interestingly, the higher the age of respondents the less are they financially literate. JEL Classifications: D19, J16, G190
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Anderson, C. Leigh, Travis W. Reynolds i Mary Kay Gugerty. "Husband and Wife Perspectives on Farm Household Decision-making Authority and Evidence on Intra-household Accord in Rural Tanzania". World Development 90 (luty 2017): 169–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2016.09.005.
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Wang, Zicheng, Yun Lou i Yi Zhou. "Bargaining Power or Specialization? Determinants of Household Decision Making in Chinese Rural Migrant Families". SAGE Open 10, nr 4 (październik 2020): 215824402098044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244020980446.
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Family migration is a common integration process for rural migrants in contemporary China. However, discussions on intra-household decision making in dual-earner migrant families are limited. This study aims to address this gap. The data set from the Rural Urban Migration in China (RUMiC2008–2010) is employed to explore the determinants of household decision making. In addition, logit regression is performed to estimate the probability of wives acting as head of the household under different specifications, and the Blinder–Oaxaca–Fairlie decomposition is utilized to discuss gender differentials in decision-making responsibilities. Income and migration duration differentials between a wife and husband have important influences on the probability of being responsible for household decision making. The squared terms of wives’ and husbands’ income have inverted effects. The gender gap between household decision makers can be largely attributed to structural factors rather than observable characteristics, though bargaining power acts as the main contributor in explained parts. Bargaining theory can account for the probability of wives becoming the household decision maker, and the claim of the specialization approach is also confirmed. Gender inequality among household decision makers is largely attributed to structural factors, such as cultural/social norms, obstacles, or gender discrimination. The establishment of long-term effective mechanisms to improve employment quality for female migrants, the supply of basic public services, and protection of women’s legal rights in the household should be strengthened in the future to elevate the status of female migrants.
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Zou, Ruiying. "Gender Wage Ratio and Intra-household Resources Allocation in China: Evidence from the China Health and Nutrition Survey". Advances in Economics, Management and Political Sciences 71, nr 1 (18.01.2024): 12–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2754-1169/71/20241259.
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The gender wage gap is a critical measurement of gender equality in the labor market. On the demand side in the labor market, gender differences in labor pricing can shape the household decision regarding intra-household resource allocation. Understanding how labor pricing, namely wages, affects the resources allocated to women is important to improve womens welfare in developing countries. Previous research focuses on the effects of gender norms in China, such as son preferences, on intra-household resource allocation. This paper examines how the gender wage gap affects the resources allocated to women within the household. To capture the wage shock in the labor market, I construct the gender- specific Bartik variables. The results indicate that the increases in female-to-male wages between couples improve womens nutrition intake. This work serves to inform about improving womens welfare in the family and labor market.
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Ajefu, Joseph B., i Daniela Casale. "The Long-term Effects of Violent Conflict on Women’s Intra-Household Decision-Making Power". Journal of Development Studies 57, nr 10 (2.02.2021): 1690–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2021.1873285.
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Abbink, Klaus, Asad Islam i Chau Nguyen. "Whose voice matters? An experimental examination of gender bias in intra-household decision-making". Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 176 (sierpień 2020): 337–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2020.02.003.
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Galiè, Alessandra, Cathy Rozel Farnworth, Nelly Njiru i Silvia Alonso. "Intra-Household Handling and Consumption Dynamics of Milk in Peri-Urban Informal Markets in Tanzania and Kenya: A Gender Lens". Sustainability 13, nr 6 (20.03.2021): 3449. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13063449.
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Milk, provided it is safe, provides important micronutrients that can combat hidden hunger (undernutrition). Many peri-urban poor people in Tanzania and Kenya use informal markets to purchase milk in order to provide nutritional benefits to their families. Household decision-making processes play an influential role in how much milk to buy and how it is treated. This exploratory qualitative study, conducted in peri-urban Nairobi and Dar es Salaam, examined how access to milk, control over milk handling and safety, and intra-household milk distribution are affected by gender dynamics and by changes in milk availability and price. Focus group discussions with 48 women and 45 men and key informant interviews with 8 men and 8 women, all of whom were parents or caretakers to young children, were conducted. The results indicate that gender roles in milk purchase and handling vary. Generally, providing enough milk is a man’s responsibility, whilst a woman is expected to ensure a nutritious diet. Yet women’s limited decision-making power regarding milk purchase can restrict their ability to provide sufficient milk. Interventions to promote safe milk consumption need to consider gender norms, strengthen intra-household collaborative decision-making, include men in nutrition programming, and increase women’s control over food expenditures.
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Paudel, Deepak Raj. "Role of Education in Health Care Decision Making in Nepal: Evidences from a Cross-Sectional Survey". Journal of Health and Allied Sciences 9, nr 1 (21.11.2019): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.37107/jhas.7.
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Education is increasingly put forth as a means of empowering women in developing countries, such as Nepal. Grounded on intra-household gender dynamics literature, empowerment in this paper is conceptualized as the decision-making ability of a woman regarding health care. The purpose of this study is to examine the role of education level as a means of improving women’s intra-household bargaining power in the spheres of health care. A cross-sectional survey was conducted from June to July 2013 among 300 married women of three districts in Gandaki Province of Nepal. The sample was selected in three stages, first stage being the selection of districts, second, being the village development committees and third being women. Logistic regression was applied to analyze the effect of women’s education on decision making on health care. The study reveals education level has a positive and significant effect on women’s decision making on health care. Overall, this study highlights the need for efforts to educate Nepalese girls in terms of higher schooling and associated beneficial welfare effects.
Key words: Health care, women’s education, decision making, Gandaki Province, Nepal.
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Eroğlu, Şebnem. "Are Movers More Egalitarian than Stayers? An Intergenerational Perspective on Intra-Household Financial Decision-Making". International Migration Review 54, nr 1 (28.11.2018): 120–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0197918318809923.
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This study seeks to investigate the role of international migration in shaping the financial decision-making behaviors of married couples through a comparison of three generations of Turkish migrants to Europe (i.e., movers) with their counterparts who remained in Turkey (i.e., stayers). The data are drawn from a subset of personal data from the 2000 Families Survey, involving 4,215 interviews performed randomly with married individuals nested within 1,713 families. The results suggest that international migration increases the tendency for spouses to jointly decide on their finances by (1) weakening the intergenerational transmission of traditional financial decision-making behaviors and gender ideologies and (2) enabling more intense acculturation of younger generations within “less patriarchal” contexts. With its unique, intergenerational, and multisite perspective, the study provides particular insight into the understudied relationship between migration and intra-household decision-making and its benefits for gender equality.
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Juma, Edwin A. B., Paul Omondi i Raphael W. Kareri. "Gendered Sharing of Decision-making Powers, Responsibilities and Rights over Non-Timber Forest Resources in Cherangany Hills Forest, Kenya". East African Journal of Environment and Natural Resources 6, nr 1 (27.01.2023): 28–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/eajenr.6.1.1064.
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Building on the Theory of Feminist Political Ecology (FPE), this paper examines the gendered sharing of intra-household decision-making powers, responsibilities, and rights over the exploitation of non-timber forest resources within Cherangany Hills Forest, Kenya. A cross-sectional survey research design was adopted, semi-structured questionnaires were administered to 280 Community Forest Association (CFA) members (140 male and 140 female) that were randomly sampled, and in-depth interviews were conducted among 35 key respondents (20 CFA members, 7 CFA leaders, 2 village elders, 2 assistant chiefs, 2 forest guards, and 2 forest officers) that were purposively sampled. Quantitative data was analysed in the form of mean and standard deviation and presented in the form of percentages and graphs. This paper highlights that husbands and wives shared the decision-making powers over the use of forest land for crop farming to a ‘Great Extent’. There was substantial gendered sharing of intra-household decision-making over the use of forest land for livestock feeding. However, there was minimal gendered sharing of intra-household decision-making with regard to the collection of firewood, herbal plants, indigenous vegetables, and fruits from the forest as well as beekeeping within the forest. The husbands and wives shared the responsibilities and rights over crop farming to a ‘Great Extent’. There was substantial gendered sharing of responsibilities and rights over the collection of fodder and grazing of livestock and collection of herbal plants from the forest. But there was minimal gendered sharing of responsibilities and rights over the collection of firewood, beekeeping and honey harvesting, collection of wild vegetables and picking of indigenous fruits from the forest. There is a need to enlighten, encourage and support both men and women living adjacent to forested areas to understand forest rights, embrace on-farm forestry, and use forest resources sustainably
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TUYIKEZE, Evode, i Donald WANDERE. "Wage Utilization, Household Decision-making and Role Variations: Implications on Gender Relations among Workers of Teza Tea Company, Burundi". Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 7, nr 8 (17.08.2020): 278–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.78.8582.
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This paper is abstracted from a larger study that was carried out among workers of Teza Tea Company in the Muramvya Province of Burundi. The main objective of the study was to assess the socio-economic push-factors that drove tea workers to seek employment at Teza, how they utilized their wages, and the way wages accrued impacted on intra-household gender relations. In this regard, the study assumed that income earned by workers was not utilized appropriately thereby impinging negatively on intra-household gender relations – the outcome of the study proving this assumption otherwise. Methods used for data collection included; structured and unstructured interviews in the Survey Method, Focus Group Discussions, Key Informant interviews, Informal Discussions, and Observations. A sample of 150 workers was drawn from the study population by means of disproportional stratified and simple random sampling. Data were analysed quantitatively and qualitatively. The study was guided by among others, the Bargaining Theory of Krishnaraj [1], the Division of Labour Theory of Arora et. al [2], and Agassi’s [3] Marxist orientation. The study found out that prudent use of wages by the workers had positive effects on intra-household gender relations. Specifically, this enhanced inter-spousal bonding and paved way for more or less symmetrical decision-making powers for both men and women within a marriage situation. Finally, the study also found out that as a result of depressed income for the workers, gender roles within families were not rigid and instead, they took an infinite variety form with no specific responsibilities set aside for either gender.
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Guvuriro, Sevias, i Frederik Booysen. "Family‐type public goods and intra‐household decision‐making by co‐resident South African couples". Review of Development Economics 25, nr 3 (16.03.2021): 1629–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/rode.12768.
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Janke, Julia. "Re-visiting residential self-selection and dissonance: Does intra-household decision-making change the results?" Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 148 (czerwiec 2021): 379–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2021.03.018.
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