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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Intra-household decisions"
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Alakshendra, Abhinav, i Dong Li. "Intra-household Bargaining, Son Preference and the Status of Women in India". Indian Economic Journal 68, nr 4 (grudzień 2020): 633–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019466221998830.
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Son preference prevails among Indian families. We test the hypothesis that women who bear sons experience an elevated status within the household, which translates into their increased role in decision-making. Using data from the Indian Human Development Survey, we find that women who have given birth to at least one son show greater participation in the household’s financial decisions as well as other decisions on a regular basis. After analysing 13 decision variables, we find that women who have given birth to at least one son enjoy higher overall bargaining power in the household. For example, in decisions concerning what to spend money on, having a son is equivalent to 6 years of formal education. We also show that the presence of a senior member in the household, however, often reduces the women’s household bargaining strength. JEL Classification Codes: J11, J12, J13, D190
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Wachinger, Jonas, Mark Donald C. Reñosa, Vivienne Endoma, Mila F. Aligato, Jhoys Landicho-Guevarra, Jeniffer Landicho, Thea Andrea Bravo i Shannon A. McMahon. "Bargaining and gendered authority: a framework to understand household decision-making about childhood vaccines in the Philippines". BMJ Global Health 7, nr 9 (wrzesień 2022): e009781. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2022-009781.
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IntroductionTargeted vaccination promotion efforts aimed at building vaccine confidence require an in-depth understanding of how and by whom decisions about vaccinating children are made. While several studies have highlighted how parents interact with other stakeholders when discussing childhood vaccination, less is known about the way in which vaccination uptake is negotiated within households.MethodsWe conducted 44 in-depth interviews with caregivers of children under five in the Philippines who had delayed or refused vaccination. Interviews were conducted between August 2020 and March 2021 and were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and translated into English. Notions of intra-household vaccination bargaining emerged early during systematic debriefings and were probed more pointedly throughout data collection.ResultsParents as well as paternal and maternal families proved to be dominant stakeholders in intra-household bargaining for childhood vaccination. Although bargaining among these stakeholders was based on engrained, gender-based power imbalances, disadvantaged stakeholders could draw on a range of interrelated sources of bargaining power to nevertheless shape decision-making. Sources of bargaining power included, in descending order of their relevance for vaccination, (1) physical presence at the household (at the time of vaccination decision-making), (2) interest in the topic of vaccination and conviction of one’s own position, (3) previous vaccination and caregiving experience, and (4) access to household resources (including finances). The degree to which each household member could draw on these sources of bargaining power varied considerably over time and across households.ConclusionOur findings highlight how bargaining due to intra-household disagreement coins decisions regarding childhood vaccination. Considering the risks for public health associated with vaccine hesitancy globally, we advocate for acknowledging intra-household dynamics in research and practice, such as by purposefully targeting household members with decision-making capacity in vaccination promotion efforts, aligning promotion efforts with available bargaining capacity or further empowering those convinced of vaccination.
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Kalanzi, Fred, Prossy Isubikalu, Florence B. Kyazze, Lawrence J. B. Orikiriza, Isaac Kiyingi i Habtemariam Assefa. "Intra-household decision-making among smallholder agroforestry farmers in the eastern highlands of Uganda". International Journal of Agricultural Extension 8, nr 2 (18.11.2020): 97–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.33687/ijae.008.02.3251.
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This paper examines the intra-household decision-making patterns among spouses regarding agroforestry decisions in the eastern highlands of Uganda. The study uses both quantitative and qualitative data to examine spousal differences in the allocation of decision-making power over eight agroforestry decisions in dual-headed households. Quantitative data were collected through a cross-sectional survey in which both husbands and wives were interviewed separately and used to determine the decision-making power of spouses as well as the influence of individual and household characteristics on decision-making. Qualitative data from focus group discussions were collected to validate the quantitative findings. The study found that there were agreements and disagreements among spouses on how decision-making power is exercised over a range of agroforestry decisions. Wives allocated themselves more decision-making power than was assigned to them by their husbands. The higher allocation of decision-making power for wives tended to be in decisions linked to their roles and responsibilities in the household. The most critical factor influencing accord in decision-making was the number of years spent together by the couple while the number of children shared between the couple and farm-labour difference between husband and wife was the most significant for discord. Findings imply that most agroforestry interventions where wives participate without their spouses are bound to fail in dual-headed households because they wives limited decision-making power. It's desirable for programmes promoting agroforestry to integrate both husbands and wives in their interventions, for agroforestry to be more meaningful in meeting their divergent interests. This paper examines the intra-household decision-making patterns among spouses regarding agroforestry decisions in the eastern highlands of Uganda. The study uses both quantitative and qualitative data to examine spousal differences in the allocation of decision-making power over eight agroforestry decisions in dual-headed households. Quantitative data were collected through a cross-sectional survey in which both husbands and wives were interviewed separately and used to determine the decision-making power of spouses as well as the influence of individual and household characteristics on decision-making. Qualitative data from focus group discussions were collected to validate the quantitative findings. The study found that there were agreements and disagreements among spouses on how decision-making power is exercised over a range of agroforestry decisions. Wives allocated themselves more decision-making power than was assigned to them by their husbands. The higher allocation of decision-making power for wives tended to be in decisions linked to their roles and responsibilities in the household. The most critical factor influencing accord in decision-making was the number of years spent together by the couple while the number of children shared between the couple and farm-labour difference between husband and wife was the most significant for discord. Findings imply that most agroforestry interventions where wives participate without their spouses are bound to fail in dual-headed households because they wives limited decision-making power. It's desirable for programmes promoting agroforestry to integrate both husbands and wives in their interventions, for agroforestry to be more meaningful in meeting their divergent interests.
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MOLYNEUX, C. S., G. MURIRA, J. MASHA i R. W. SNOW. "INTRA-HOUSEHOLD RELATIONS AND TREATMENT DECISION-MAKING FOR CHILDHOOD ILLNESS: A KENYAN CASE STUDY". Journal of Biosocial Science 34, nr 1 (styczeń 2002): 109–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932002001098.
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This study, conducted on the Kenyan coast, assesses the effect of intra-household relations on maternal treatment-seeking. Rural and urban Mijikenda mothers’ responses to childhood fevers in the last 2 weeks (n=317), and to childhood convulsions in the previous year (n=43), were documented through survey work. The intra-household relations and decision-making dynamics surrounding maternal responses were explored through in-depth individual and group interviews, primarily with women (n=223). Responses to convulsions were more likely than responses to fevers to include a healer consultation (p<0·0001), and less likely to include the purchase of over-the-counter medications (p<0·0001). Mothers received financial or advisory assistance from others in 71% (n=236) of actions taken outside the household in response to fevers. In-depth interviews suggested that general agreement on appropriate therapy results in relatively few intra-household conflicts over the treatment of fevers. Disputes over perceived cause and appropriate therapy of convulsions, however, highlighted the importance of age, gender and relationship to household head in intra-household relations and treatment decision-making. Although mothers’ treatment-seeking preferences are often circumscribed by these relations, a number of strategies can be drawn upon to circumvent ‘inappropriate’ decisions, sometimes with implications for future household responses to similar syndromes. The findings highlight the complexity of intra-household relations and treatment decision-making dynamics. Tentative implications for interventions aimed at improving the home management of malaria, and for further research, are presented.
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Gomes, Francisco, Michael Haliassos i Tarun Ramadorai. "Household Finance". Journal of Economic Literature 59, nr 3 (1.09.2021): 919–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jel.20201461.
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Household financial decisions are complex, interdependent, and heterogeneous, and central to the functioning of the financial system. We present an overview of the rapidly expanding literature on household finance (with some important exceptions) and suggest directions for future research. We begin with the theory and empirics of asset market participation and asset allocation over the life cycle. We then discuss household choices in insurance markets, trading behavior, decisions on retirement saving, and financial choices by retirees. We survey research on liabilities, including mortgage choice, refinancing, and default, and household behavior in unsecured credit markets, including credit cards and payday lending. We then connect the household to its social environment, including peer effects, cultural and hereditary factors, intra-household financial decision-making, financial literacy, cognition, and educational interventions. We also discuss literature on the provision and consumption of financial advice. (JEL D15, G41, G50, J26, Z13)
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Niemann, Johanne, Miriam El-Mahdi, Helle Samuelsen i Britt Pinkowski Tersbøl. "Gender relations and decision-making on climate change adaptation in rural East African households: A qualitative systematic review". PLOS Climate 3, nr 1 (10.01.2024): e0000279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000279.
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Background: Climatic changes are threatening rural livelihoods in East Africa. Evidence suggests that climate change adaptation in this context might reproduce inequitable intra-household gender relations and that adaptation may be more effective when women are involved in meaningful ways. Hence, a nuanced understanding of the gendered nature of intra-household adaptation decision-making is essential for gender-responsive research, policy-making and practice. This qualitative systematic review aimed to investigate how gender relations influence decision-making concerning climate change adaptation in rural East African households and how decisions about climate change adaptation influence intra-household gender dynamics, in turn. Applying qualitative meta-synthesis principles, systematic searches were conducted in 8 databases and supplemented with comprehensive hand searches. 3,662 unique hits were screened using predetermined inclusion criteria, leading to a final sample of 21 papers. Relevant findings of these studies were synthesised using inductive thematic coding, memoing and thematic analysis. While men tended to be the primary decision-makers, women exercised some decision-making power in traditionally female domains and in female-headed households. Women’s and men’s roles in intra-household adaptation decision-making appeared to be influenced by a plethora of interconnected factors, including gender norms, gendered divisions of labour and access, ownership and control over resources. Intra-household adaptation seemed to impact the dynamics between male and female household members. The pathways of this influence were complex, and the ultimate outcomes for men and women remained unclear. We discuss our findings with reference to theoretical literature on gender-transformative approaches in development and adaptation and previous research concerning the gendered nature of climate change adaptation in East Africa. We then discuss implications for gender-responsive adaptation interventions.
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Kumar, Manoj. "A Modeling Framework to Capture the Intra-Household Consumption Behavior". International Journal of Applied Behavioral Economics 6, nr 1 (styczeń 2017): 47–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijabe.2017010104.
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Quantitative models in marketing typically focus on the household as the unit of analysis while ignoring the individual family members' behavior and behavioral interactions among household members. However, knowledge of such intra-household behavioral interaction enables marketers to target their communications more effectively. In this paper, the author proposes a modeling framework to capture the intra-household behavioral interaction based on family members' actual consumption behavior over time. The author develops a model to capture multiple agents' simultaneous choice decisions over more than two choice alternatives. This is extremely difficult with other previously developed modeling approaches. We apply the proposed model to a context of family member's television viewing, and simultaneously model whether TV is on, which type of programs is playing and which family member(s) is (are) watching. The proposed model allows us to estimate the individual's intrinsic preference and the extrinsic preference from a joint consumption with other members. These estimates allow us to test several alternative group decision-making heuristics that may operate in those joint consumption occasions and conduct managerially useful counterfactual simulations.
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Mahapatro, Sandhya Rani. "Changing Gender Relations and Its Influence on Female Migration Decision in India". Pakistan Development Review 52, nr 1 (1.03.2013): 69–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v52i1pp.69-88.
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This paper is an attempt to understand the position of Indian women in the family and its influence on their migration decision. The migration-empowerment relation can be explained through relative measures like intra-household decision making indicators, and age and educational differences. The data for the purpose of the study has been drawn from the various rounds of NSSO and NFHS and it has been analysed at the state level due to data limitations for explanatory variables at the household level. The bi-variate findings show economic decision making related to large household purchases, decisions on mobility and spousal educational differences which exhibit a linear relation with the women’s migration decision. The empirical findings suggest the women’s greater involvement on own health care, spousal age and educational differences significantly influence their migration decision. This suggests that women’s empowerment influences their migration decision. JEL Classification: J10, J16 Keywords: Empowerment, Migration, Women, India, Relative Measures
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Fatima, Ambreen, Faizan Iftikhar i Humera Sultana. "The Influence Of Endogenous Mother’s Bargaining Power On Her Child’s Schooling: Evidence From Pakistan". Pakistan Journal of Applied Social Sciences 4, nr 1 (8.09.2016): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.46568/pjass.v4i1.293.
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This paper is an attempt to identify intra- household relationship among its members and its effects on child schooling. Specifically the article is designed to look for the answers of following questions: what are the principal determinants of power of mothers in making decisions or what is an appropriate way to measure decision- making power? How does this decision- making power of mothers in the household affects child schooling decision? Is this effect non-linear and non-monotonic as predicted by all recent literature? The objectives are explored by using the Living Standard Measurement Survey data of Pakistan for the period 2007-08. Article shows that the effect of any additional power given to mother’s increases child schooling but the effect is not non-monotonic.
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Porter, Maria. "How do sex ratios in China influence marriage decisions and intra-household resource allocation?" Review of Economics of the Household 14, nr 2 (27.08.2014): 337–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11150-014-9262-9.
Pełny tekst źródłaRozprawy doktorskie na temat "Intra-household decisions"
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ALVES, LUCIANA SAMPAIO. "CREDIT CONSTRAINTS AND INTRA-HOUSEHOLD DECISIONS". PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2004. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=5546@1.
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CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICONa presença de imperfeições no mercado de crédito, a distribuição de riqueza se torna importante para explicar o desenvolvimento econômico de um país. Pois, quando a obtenção de financiamento é insuficiente ou inviável, criase uma relação entre a riqueza de um indivíduo e suas decisões de investimento. Este artigo apresenta evidência empírica de que restrições de crédito afetam substancialmente decisões cruciais das famílias brasileiras - escolha ocupacional do chefe e do cônjuge, educação de crianças e trabalho infantil. A falta de crédito é detectada pelo fato dos agentes estarem restritos por sua riqueza em suas escolhas. Utilizando os dados da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (PNAD), observou-se, para os diferentes tipos de família, uma forte relação entre riqueza e decisões intra- familiares. Os resultados sugerem que esta relação parece ser mais intensa para cônjuges, casais sem filhos e para as mães solteiras. No caso das crianças, as meninas são mais afetadas pela falta de crédito.
In the presence of credit market imperfections, the distribution of wealth becomes a key factor in explaining a country's economic development. When outside financing is unavailable or insufficient, a link between an agent's wealth and his investment decisions is created. This paper provides empirical evidence on credit constraints and key intra-household decisions in Brazil; namely, occupational choice of heads and spouses, child labor and education. Our empirical strategy is based on the literature about wealth- constrained choices, in which credit constraints determine a relationship between initial wealth and household decisions. Using data from the National Surveys of Households (PNAD), we show a strong connection between wealth and such decisions. Our findings suggest credit constraints are relatively more binding for spouses, couples without children and single mothers. For the case of children, the girls are more affected by the lack of credit.
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Colacce, Maira. "Three essays on intra-household distribution of resources and poverty". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0121.
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Cette thèse analyse les modèles d'inégalités intra-ménage dans les pays non développés et la manière dont ils sont affectés par la culture et les politiques. À l'aide d'enquêtes sur les dépenses des ménages, j'utilise un modèle collectif pour analyser la répartition de la consommation des ménages et ses moteurs, et pour évaluer ses implications pour la pauvreté individuelle.Dans le premier chapitre, je présente des résultats inédits sur la répartition des ressources au sein des ménages dans 45 pays à revenu faible ou intermédiaire. Les résultats révèlent que les femmes sont presque deux fois plus pauvres que les hommes à l'échelle mondiale, et que les enfants sont encore plus démunis. En outre, les disparités au sein des ménages sont plus prononcées dans les pays pauvres et, au sein des pays, parmi les ménages pauvres.Dans le deuxième chapitre, je cherche à savoir si les coutumes de résidence post-matrimoniale fondées sur la parenté - en particulier la patrilocalité (résidence avec les parents du marié) et la matrilocalité (résidence avec les parents de la mariée) - continuent d'influencer le partage de la consommation des ménages et les niveaux de pauvreté individuels au Ghana et au Malawi. L'analyse indique que la patrilocalité ancestrale, comparée à la matrilocalité, correspond à une allocation réduite des ressources aux femmes et à une incidence notablement plus élevée de la pauvreté chez les femmes pour les différents niveaux de consommation des ménages.Dans le troisième chapitre, j'examine l'impact du plus grand programme d'aide sociale de l'Uruguay, qui cible les familles pauvres avec enfants et qui est versé aux femmes. En utilisant un modèle de discontinuité de la régression dans un cadre d'estimation structurelle, je constate une augmentation significative de l'allocation des ressources aux femmes éligibles dans les zones rurales, sans effets sur les enfants. Je traduis ces résultats en termes de pauvreté individuelle : tous les membres de la famille bénéficient de l'effet de revenu, mais l'effet de négociation réduit encore plus la pauvreté des femmesThis dissertation analyzes the patterns of intra-household inequalities in non-developed countries and how they are affected by culture and policies. Using household expenditure surveys, I employ a collective model to analyze household consumption allocation and its drivers, and to assess its implications for individual poverty.In the first chapter, I present novel findings on intra-household resource distribution for 45 low- and middle-income countries. The results reveal that women are nearly twice as poor as men on a global scale, with children experiencing even greater deprivation. Furthermore, intra-household disparities are more pronounced in poor countries and, within countries, among poor households.In the second chapter, I investigate whether kinship-based post-marital residence customs—specifically, patrilocality (residing with the groom's parents) and matrilocality (residing with the bride's parents)—continue to influence household consumption sharing and individual poverty levels in Ghana and Malawi. Analysis indicates that ancestral patrilocality, compared to matrilocality, corresponds with reduced resource allocation to women and a notably higher incidence of poverty among women across various household consumption levels.In the third chapter, I examine the impact of Uruguay's largest social assistance program, which targets poor families with children and paid to women. Employing a regression discontinuity design within a structural estimation framework, I find a significant increase in resource allocation to eligible women in rural areas, with no effects on children. I translate these results into terms of individual poverty: all family members benefit from the income effect, but the bargaining effect reduces women's poverty even more
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Reckien, Diana. "Intra-regional migration in formerly industrialised regions qualitative modelling of household location decisions as an input to policy and plan making in Leipzig/Germany and Wirral/Liverpool/UK /". Potsdam : PIK [u.a.], 2007. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=984495584.
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Mohemkar-Kheirandish, Reza. "Intra-Household Decision Making". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29215.
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This dissertation consists of three essays. In the first one (Chapter three), "Gains and Losses from Household Formation," I introduce a general equilibrium model, wherein a household may consist of more than one member, each with their own preferences and endowments. In these models at first, individuals form households. Then, collective decisions (or bargaining) within the household specifies the consumption plans of household members. Finally, competition across households determines a feasible allocation of resources. I consider a model with two types of individuals and pure group externalities. I investigate the competitive equilibrium allocation and stability of the equilibrium in that setting. Specifically, I show that under a certain set of assumptions a competitive equilibrium with free exit is also a competitive equilibrium with free household formation. Similar results are obtained for a special case of consumption externality. Illustrative examples, where prices may change as household structures change, are used to show how general equilibrium model with variable household structure works and some interesting results are discussed at the end of the first essay.
In the second essay (Chapter four), “Effects of the Price System on Household Labor Supply,” I introduce leisure and labor into the two-type economy framework that was constructed in the first essay. The main objective of this essay is to investigate the effects of exogenous prices on the labor supply decisions, and completely analyze the partial equilibrium model outcomes in a two-type economy setting. I assume a wage gap and explore the effect of that gap on labor supply. The main content of the second essay is the analysis of the effect of change in wages, price of the private good, power of each individual in the household, relative importance of private consumption compared to leisure, and the level of altruism on individual's decisions about how much private good or leisure he/she wants to consume. The effect of a relative price change on labor supply, private consumption and utility level is also investigated. Moreover, one of the variations of Spence's signaling model is borrowed to explain why higher education of women in Iran does not necessarily translate into higher female labor force participation. Finally, fixed point theorem is used to calculate the power (or alternatively labor supply) of individuals in the household endogenously for the two-type economy with labor at the end of this essay.
In the third essay (Chapter five), “Dynamics of Poverty in Iran: What Are the Determinants of the Probability of Being Poor?,” I explore the characteristics of the households who fall below the poverty line and stay there as well as those who climb up later. I decompose poverty in Iran into chronic and transient poverty, and investigate the relation of each component of poverty with certain characteristics of households. I also study mobility and the main characteristics of growth in expenditure of households. One of the main issues in economic policy making nowadays is the evaluation of effectiveness of anti-poverty programs. In order to achieve this goal one should be able to track down a household for a period of time. In this essay, I am going to investigate the dynamics of poverty in Iran during 1992-95. I am especially interested in finding the characteristics of the households that fall below the poverty line and stay there in addition to those that climb up later. Obviously, if policy-makers want to have efficient policies to reduce poverty, they should target the former group. I decompose poverty in Iran into chronic and transient poverty, and investigate the relation of each component of poverty with certain characteristics of households. I also study mobility in this period with an emphasis on mobility in and out of poverty and review the main characteristics of the growth in expenditure of households.Ph. D.
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Reckien, Diana [Verfasser]. "Intra-regional migration in formerly industrialised regions : qualitative modelling of household location decisions as an input to policy and plan making in Leipzig/Germany and Wirral/Liverpool/UK / Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK). Diana Reckien". Potsdam : PIK, 2007. http://d-nb.info/984495584/34.
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Majid, Hadia. "Parental Decision-Making and Intra-Household Resource Allocation". The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1343056919.
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Ngenzebuke, Rama Lionel. "Essays on Intra-household Decision-making, Gender and Socio-Economic Development". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/246695.
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This dissertation comprises four chapters, which mainly deal with female's participation in household decision-making, a very important aspect of female's bargaining power within the household and closely linked to female's empowerment. The first three chapters, which all deal with female's participation in household decision-making, are two sides of the same coin, in that while the first one delves into the determinants of female's participation in household decision-making, the second and third chapters deal with its beneficial consequences. The fourth chapter is linked with Chapter 1. As a matter of fact, the data used in Chapter 1 has been collected in Rural Burundi, in the framework of the FNRS/FRFC-funded project “Microfinance Services, Intra-household Behavior and Welfare in Developing Countries: A Longitudinal and Experimental Approach”, which funded my PhD scholarship. In 2012, the project funded data collection in Rural Burundi. In respect to the experimental component of the project, these are baseline data. The 2012 household survey targeted a sample of rural households that have been interviewed in 1998 and 2007. This is where the longitudinal design of the project comes into play. Independently from the experimental research, the longitudinal nature of the data, that is to say three waves of data (1998, 2007 and 2012), had the advantage of allowing panel analysis of interesting and relevant issues in development, including for example the long-term welfare effects of shocks at either individual or household levels.In Chapter 1, entitled “The Power of The Family: kinship and Intra-household Decision-making in Rural Burundi” and co-authored with Bram De Rock and Philip Verwimp, we delve into the determinants of female's participation in household decision-making, by laying a particular emphasis on the role of female's kinship. We show that in rural Burundi the characteristics of the female's kinship are highly correlated with her decision-making power. First, a female whose own immediate family is at least as rich as her husband's counterpart enjoys a greater say over children- and asset-related decision-making. Second, the size, relative wealth and proximity of the extended family also matter. Third, kinship characteristics prove to be more important than (standard) individual and household characteristics. Finally, we also show that the female's say over asset-related decision-making is positively associated with males' education, more than with female's education per se. All these correlation patterns can inform policies aiming at empowering women or targeting children through women's empowerment.In Chapter 2, entitled “The Returns of I Do: Multifaceted Female Decision-making and Agricultural Yields in Tanzania?”, I use the third round of the Tanzanian National Panel Survey to investigate the effect of multifaceted female's empowerment in agriculture on agricultural yields. The classic approach in the empirical literature on gender gap in agriculture includes the gender of the plot's owner/manager as the covariate of interest and interprets the associated coefficient estimate as the gender gap in agricultural productivity. Unlike this classic approach in the analysis of productivity differentials, my approach lays emphasis on the overlapping and interaction effects of manifold aspects of female's empowerment in agriculture, including female plot's ownership, female plot's management and female output's control. I find significant productivity gaps, which the classic empirical approach does not bring out in the same context. As compared to plots (solely) owned, managed and controlled by male, (i) plots merely owned by female and (ii) those owned & managed (but not controlled) by female are less productive, but those owned, managed & controlled by female are not. Furthermore, the latter are the more productive among plots at least owned by female. All these productivity gaps are predominantly explained by the structural effect, that is differences in productivity returns to observable production factors. Our findings are robust along a number of dimensions and suggest that female's management and control rights are of prime importance. Therefore, female plot's owners should be entitled the rights to manage their plot and, subsequently and most importantly, the rights to control the (agricultural) output of their work, for their productivity to be enhanced and the gender gap in agriculture to be closed. In Chapter 3, entitled “Say On Income and Children's Outcomes: Evidence from Nigeria”, I delve into the effect of female bargaining power on child education and labor outcomes in Nigeria. Female bargaining power is proxied by “female say on labor income”, rather than by her income per se. This is motivated by the fact the female labor force participation might be low in some contexts, while control over income is by all means what matters the most. The empirical methodology accounts for a number of empirical issues, including endogeneity and sample selection issues of female say on labor income, the multi-equation and mixed process features of the child outcomes, as well as the fact that hours of work are left-censored. My findings are consistent with the overall idea that female say on income leads to better child outcomes, rather than female income earning per se. Nevertheless, the type of income under female control, child gender and child outcome matter. Chapter 4, entitled “Violence Exposure and Welfare Over Time: Evidence From The Burundi Civil War” and co-authored with Marion Mercier and Philip Verwimp, investigates the relationship between exposure to conflict and poverty dynamics over time. We use a three-wave panel data from Burundi, which tracked individuals and reported local-level violence exposure in 1998, 2007 and 2012. Firstly, the data reveal that headcount poverty has not changed since 1998 while we observe multiple transitions into and out of poverty. Moreover, households exposed to the war exhibit a lower level of welfare than non-exposed households, with the difference between the two groups predicted to remain significant at least until 2017, i.e. twelve years after the conflict termination. The correlation between violence exposure and deprivation over time is confirmed in a household-level panel setting. Secondly, our empirical investigation shows how violence exposure over different time spans interacts with households' subsequent welfare. Our analysis of the determinants of households' likelihood to switch poverty status (i.e. to fall into poverty or escape poverty) combined with quintile regressions suggest that, (i) exposure during the first phase of the conflict has affected the entire distribution, and (ii) exposure during the second phase of the conflict has mostly affected the upper tail of the distribution: initially non-poor households have a higher propensity to fall into poverty while initially poor households see their propensity to pull through only slightly decrease with recent exposure to violence. Although not directly testable with the data at hand, these results are consistent with the changing nature of violence in the course of the Burundi civil war, from relatively more labor-destructive to relatively more capital-destructive.Doctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Ho, Chinh Quoc. "An Investigation of Intra-Household Interactions in Travel Mode Choice". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/9533.
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AN INVESTIGATION OF INTRA-HOUSEHOLD INTERACTIONS IN TRAVEL MODE CHOICE This thesis develops a modelling framework to integrate intra-household interactions with tour-based mode choice. The findings provide evidence of intra-household interactions in travel mode choice of each household member and highlight factors associated with joint household activities and shared ride arrangements, with a distinction between weekdays and weekends. The results indicate that household resources, mobility and social constraints, and opportunities to coordinate household members’ activities play an important role in arranging joint household travel. Also, modelling outputs signal the differences that interpersonal interactions make to model elasticities and the implications for transport policy. The originality and the contribution of this research lie in four main areas. First, it tests the relevance of interactions between household members to household mode choice decisions and adds an additional ‘layer of interactions’ to the activity-based modelling framework. The study offers an analysis of household travel decisions embedding context and situation effects, thereby reflecting more realistically the nature of travel decisions. Second, this study offers a typology of joint household tour patterns embedded in a modelling approach which permits a variety of activity-travel patterns amongst all household members together with intra-household interactions. Third, the research provides evidence on the effects of land use factors measured at the micro-level so as to identify which aspects of the built environment are most likely to support policy change for sustainable transport choices. Finally, by separating weekend activity-travel from their weekday counterparts, this study is able to quantify empirically differences which suggest different transport management measures aimed to alleviate traffic congestion and promote public transport use.
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Schneebaum, Alyssa, i Katharina Mader. "The gendered nature of intra-household decision making in and across Europe". WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2013. http://epub.wu.ac.at/3995/1/wp157.pdf.
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After surveying the literature on the economics of household decision-making, we employ data from the 2010 European Union Survey on Income and Living Conditions
(EU-SILC) to study the relationship between personal characteristics such as gender and decision-making power and responsibility. We find that across Europe, women
more often make decisions about everyday spending and purchases for children, while it is mainly men who make the financial decisions in a household. Greater intrahousehold
inequality in income and education is correlated with a lower probability of couples making decisions together, as is having a housewife in the home. Interesting
patterns of household decision-making across countries emerge; in the Southern European countries, for example, educational differences do not seem to be strongly related to decision-making power and responsibility, and women in Eastern European countries are more likely to make financial decisions when the household reports facing
difficult economic conditions. (authors' abstract)Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series
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Murmu, Johnny. "Household decision-making in developing economics: investigation into- intra-household income distribution, educational mobility and health status in rural west Bengal". Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2017. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/2771.
Pełny tekst źródłaKsiążki na temat "Intra-household decisions"
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Kanbur, S. M. Ravi. Children and intra-household inequality: A theoretical analysis. Washington, DC (1818 H St., NW, Washington 20433): Office of the Vice President, World Bank, 1991.
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Cherchye, Laurens. Opening the black box of intra-household decision-making: Theory and non-parametric empirical tests of general collective consumption models. Bonn, Germany: IZA, 2005.
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Suminar, Panji. Intra-household distribution of workload, income and decision making: A case study of irrigated and rainfed rice production in west Java, Indonesia. North York, Ont: University Consortium of the Environment, 1995.
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Chiappori, Pierre-André, i Costas Meghir. Household Labor Economics. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/9781789903546.
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This Research Collection surveys the main contribution to labor supply decisions within the family. It covers both theory, from the initial ‘unitary’ model that postulates that the family behaves as a single decision maker, to modern ‘collective’ approaches that concentrates on differences in preferences and power relationships and empirical applications. Including an original Introduction by the Editors, a special emphasis is placed on dynamic approaches, in particular issues related to intra-household commitment, and on policy implications.
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Guidance for Measuring Intra-household Power and Decision-making. United Nations, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/9789210055451.
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Baland, Jean-Marie, i Roberta Ziparo. Intra-Household Bargaining in Poor Countries. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198829591.003.0004.
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This chapter assesses the relevance of the collective model for the analysis of households in poor countries. As an economic unit, a household creates the possibility of mutual gains for spouses thanks to the possibility of joint consumption of public goods, risk sharing, etc. The collective model assumes that households behave efficiently, in the sense that there is no misallocation or waste of household resources, given the outside options of each spouse. This chapter bridges the theoretical literature describing efficient intra-household behaviour and the development literature that collects empirical regularities pointing toward the existence of strategic decision making among spouses. It examines the key elements of the collective model and discusses its relevance to analysing intra-household behaviour in poor countries. It explores the role that risk and uncertainty, information asymmetries, power imbalances, arranged marriages, strategic investment, gender norms, and extended households play in the attainment of efficiency.
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Chiappori, Pierre-Andre. Welfare and the Household. Redaktorzy Matthew D. Adler i Marc Fleurbaey. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199325818.013.26.
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Inequality measures typically consider inequality between households, whereas one should ultimately be interested in inequality between individuals. We review some conceptual issues raised by the evaluation of intra-household inequality, in particular in the presence of public consumptions. We then describe recent theoretical and empirical advances in modelling household behavior, which are based on the collective model of household behavior. Lastly, we discuss normative issues involved, in particular when the weighting of individual welfare that is implicit in the household’s decision process is not socially optimal.
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Gross, Elena, i Raymond Boadi Frempong. Socioeconomic and cultural drivers of women’s formal work in rural Ghana. Wyd. 22. UNU-WIDER, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2021/956-3.
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We study socioeconomic indicators of female labour force participation in off-farm formal employment in a subsistence agriculture setting in northern Ghana, where a new commercial farm provides a positive demand shock for low-skilled labour. We use a set of quantitative and qualitative data examining determinants of female labour force participation, the social effects arising from it, and the influence on female decision-making power in their households. In line with other micro-studies, we find that education is not a driver of female labour participation in low-skilled jobs. Women from wealthier households and those with young children have a significantly lower probability of starting off-farm work. Polygamy and male dominance reduce women’s labour force participation. Women who earn off-farm income are strengthened in their intra-household decision-making position and can spend more money on themselves.
Części książek na temat "Intra-household decisions"
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Almås, Ingvild, Orazio Attanasio i Pedro Carneiro. "Household decisions and intra-household distributions". W Handbook of the Economics of the Family, Volume 1, 111–49. Elsevier, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/bs.hefam.2023.01.008.
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Medgyesi, Márton, i Ildikó Nagy. "Income sharing and spending decisions of young people living with their parents". W Youth Labor in Transition, 358–85. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190864798.003.0012.
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This chapter examines income sharing by young adults living with their parents. Using data from EU-SILC 2010, the chapter explores the determinants of contributions to household expenses among young adults (aged 18–34 years) living with their parents in 17 European Union countries. The examination finds that income sharing in the household tends to attenuate income differences between household members and to help members with low resources. The results also show inequalities in young adults’ experience of co-residence with parents: young adults in low-income households tend to contribute more to the household than do those in higher income homes. In addition, the results show that the majority of young adults benefit from intra-household sharing of resources. There is, however, a minority of young adults whose income is lower when the actual extent of income pooling is taken into account in the calculation of equivalized household income.
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"Intra-household decision making and conflict negotiation". W The Micro-politics of Microcredit, 84–114. Routledge, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315691688-5.
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"Indicators of intra-household power and decision-making". W Guidance for Measuring Intra-household Power and Decision-making, 27–67. United Nations, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/9789210055451c007.
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"Relevant questions in other international survey initiatives". W Guidance for Measuring Intra-household Power and Decision-making, 112–17. United Nations, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/9789210055451c014.
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"Bibliography". W Guidance for Measuring Intra-household Power and Decision-making, 99–106. United Nations, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/9789210055451c011.
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"Inventory of surveys and survey questions on intra-household power and decision-making". W Guidance for Measuring Intra-household Power and Decision-making, 120–61. United Nations, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/9789210055451c016.
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"Conceptual background". W Guidance for Measuring Intra-household Power and Decision-making, 8–12. United Nations, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/9789210055451c005.
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"Preface". W Guidance for Measuring Intra-household Power and Decision-making, iii. United Nations, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/9789210055451c001.
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"Acronyms and Abbreviations". W Guidance for Measuring Intra-household Power and Decision-making, viii. United Nations, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/9789210055451c003.
Pełny tekst źródłaRaporty organizacyjne na temat "Intra-household decisions"
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Frisancho, Verónica. How to Raise Household Savings in LAC: Constraints and Best Practices. Inter-American Development Bank, kwiecień 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009286.
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This technical note examines demand-side constraints households in Latin America and the Caribbean face when making saving decisions, particularly households from lower income deciles. This emphasis is important because poverty can impact individuals' ability to process information, manage their time efficiently, or resist temptation, thus limiting their ability to make sound financial choices, forecast, or plan ahead. The note first reviews the main formal constraints on saving such as transaction costs, regulatory barriers and limited trust in financial systems. The note then considers constraints on saving in general, whether formal or informal, including social pressure, intra-household allocation issues, information and knowledge gaps, and behavioral biases when making financial choices. Reviewing advances in behavioral economics, particular emphasis is placed on how features of individual behavior can impact savings. Alleviating behavioral constraints could yield large welfare gains at relatively low costs.
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Ngom, Pierre, Salome Wawire, Timothee Gandaho, Pierre Klissou, Toussaint Adjimon, Mbaye Seye, Emile Akouanou i Laurie Winter. Intra-household decision-making on health and resource allocation in Borgou, Bénin. Population Council, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh4.1121.
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Aju, Stellamaris, Berber Kramer i Waithaka Lilian. Edutainment, gender and intra-household decision-making in agriculture: A field experiment in Kenya. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.136486.
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Abdurazzakova, Dilnovoz, Katrina Kosec i Ziyodullo Parpiev. Women’s involvement in intra-household decision-making and infant and young child feeding practices in central Asia. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.134760.
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Abdurazzakova, Dilnovoz, Katrina Kosec i Ziyodullo Parpiev. Women’s involvement in intra-household decision-making and infant and young child feeding practices in central Asia, No. 2. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.136487.
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Mwakanyamale, Devis, Steven Cole, Jessica Heckert, Innocensia John, Gundua Fischer, Greg Seymour i Shiferaw Feleke. A process guide for the development of a mixed-methods research tool for measuring and understanding intra-household decision making. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.136594.
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