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Fehrer, Julia A., Jodie Conduit, Carolin Plewa, Loic Pengtao Li, Elina Jaakkola i Matthew Alexander. "Market shaping dynamics: interplay of actor engagement and institutional work". Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing 35, nr 9 (24.09.2020): 1425–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbim-03-2019-0131.
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Purpose Combining institutional work and actor engagement (AE) literature, this paper aims to elucidate how the collective action of market shaping occurs through the interplay between market shapers’ institutional work and engagement of other market actors. While markets are shaped by actors’ purposive actions and recent literature notes the need to also mobilize AE, the underlying process remains nebulous. Design/methodology/approach This paper is conceptual but supported by an illustrative case study: the Winding Tree. This blockchain-based, decentralized travel marketplace shapes a market by decoupling existing resource linkages, creating new ones and stabilizing others through a dynamic, iterative process between the market shaper’s institutional work and others’ AE. Findings The paper develops a dynamic, iterative framework of market shaping through increased resource density, revealing the interplay between seven types of market shapers’ institutional work distilled from the literature and changes in other market actors’ engagement dispositions, behaviors and the diffusion of AE through the market. Originality/value This research contributes to the emergent market shaping and market innovation literature by illustrating how the engagement of market actors is a fundamental means of market shaping. Specifically, it advances understanding of how market shapers’ institutional work leads to new resource linkages and higher resource density in emergent market systems through AE. The resultant framework offers an original, critical foundation for future market shaping research.
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Ali Zaman Shah. "Geopolitical Significance of Balochistan: Interplay of Foreign Actors". Strategic Studies 37, nr 3 (16.10.2017): 126–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.53532/ss.037.03.00213.
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The geographical location of Balochistan makes it an important region. The province, being the best possible and the shortest route to the Arabian Sea, has attracted the key international and regional players, including China, India, the US, Iran, the Central Asian Republics (CARs) and Afghanistan. Each player wanted to utilise this region to pursue its geopolitical and geostrategic interests. The building of Gwadar port and the development of Balochistan under the China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is going to be a game changer for Pakistan’s socio-economic development. A fully operational Gwadar port will enhance Pakistan’s commercial activities and its connectivity with oil-rich Gulf states, the CARs, Afghanistan, China and with the rest of the world. Therefore, CPEC, under the Chinese One Belt One Road (OBOR) initiative, has enhanced the significance of the Balochistan province. However, it has also added to the concern of the adversaries of Pakistan and China, particularly India and the US. To counter the viability of Gwadar, India has started to invest considerably in the development of the Iranian Chabahar port. Since China’s rivalry with the US and India’s with Pakistan has been a recurring theme in the global and regional politics respectively. It is Iran’s strategic partnership with India, which has been stirring doubts in Pakistan. The episode of arrest of the Indian spy, Kulbhushan Jhadav, has confirmed the involvement of India’s intelligence agency — Research and Analysis Wing (RAW) — and endorsed all other reports on the foreign involvement in supporting the insurgency in Balochistan. In this milieu, this study is an effort to factor in the foreign elements in the current instability in the province.
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Freytag, Per Vagn, i Kristian Philipsen. "Shaping business through and within networks: evolving from a traditional to a digital firm". Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing 34, nr 5 (3.06.2019): 1079–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbim-10-2018-0302.
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Purpose Although individual and business actors are often mentioned as an important part of clarifying the stages that firms and their networks go through from starting up to becoming established, most studies have emphasised activities and resources rather than actors. Therefore, more needs to be known about how actors shape and are shaped through and within firms’ networks. Design/methodology/approach To clarify the process of reshaping business in networks, the focus of this study is on the role of actors in firms’ networks during the main stages of development. The major events for each stage are described in terms of how these events affect the interaction, alignment and interfaces between individual actors and business actors with a focus on individual and collective interests. Findings The individual actor plays a key role in the start-up stage, whereas the business actor has a key role in the final stage when the firm has become an important player in the industry. In later stages, the individual actor plays a gradually decreasing role and the business actor an increasing role. However, it appears that an analysis of the interplay between the two levels of analysis provides deeper insight into the shaping. Originality/value This study provides new insights into the role of the actor and how the actor shapes and is shaped by a firm and its network in different stages. Further, the study contributes by clarifying actors’ roles on two levels of analysis and shows the roles of interests, conflicts, interfaces and alignment in shaping firms and their networks.
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Avarmaa, Mari, Lasse Torkkeli, Laivi Laidroo i Ekaterina Koroleva. "The interplay of entrepreneurial ecosystem actors and conditions in FinTech ecosystems: An empirical analysis". Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Innovation 18, nr 4 (2022): 79–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.7341/20221843.
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PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of actors and ecosystem conditions in the development of the FinTech ecosystems in Tallinn and Moscow. METHODOLOGY: The study develops a framework for investigating entrepreneurial ecosystems, combining ecosystem actors with ecosystem conditions. The framework is implemented through a comparative case study of FinTech ecosystems in Tallinn and Moscow, with data drawn from 35 semi-structured interviews and processed by means of thematic analysis. The primary data is supplemented with data from secondary sources. FINDINGS: The findings show how the ecosystem conditions and actors are interdependent in the FinTech ecosystems. Tallinn is an example of a strong entrepreneurial culture with its small market, advanced technological infrastructure, and talent, which leads to the dominance of the FinTech start-ups and the emergence of an active FinTech cluster organization. In Moscow, the institutional context, concentration of financial capital, and its large home market with a loyal customer base limit start-ups’ ability to grow and form the ecosystem. IMPLICATIONS: The study contributes to the literature on entrepreneurial ecosystems and emerging technologies by integrating the streams of research on entrepreneurial ecosystems and FinTech ecosystems, combining FinTech actors with entrepreneurial ecosystem conditions. It also highlights the implications of variations of entrepreneurial culture, characteristics of the domestic demand and formal institutions in the development of ecosystems. It demonstrates that ecosystem conditions are likely to contribute to the emergence of the dominant actor in a particular ecosystem. Our results also suggest that when aiming to develop the FinTech ecosystem in a city, the support given to FinTech cluster organizations is essential. Facilitating university–industry cooperation through the cluster organizations or direct partnerships can contribute to the development of FinTech ecosystems. ORIGINALITY AND VALUE: To our knowledge, this is the first study to illustrate how specific entrepreneurial ecosystem conditions lead to configurations with different types of ecosystem actors, and to illustrate how specific ecosystem conditions impact the way in which actors develop and operate and how the ecosystem configuration is structured. These have been notable omissions in extant entrepreneurial ecosystem research until now. The present study also illustrates sectoral variations in entrepreneurial ecosystems while highlighting the distinct features of emerging ecosystems. It also contributes to the emerging literature on FinTech ecosystems through a comparative empirical perspective, thereby enhancing understanding of local conditions necessary for developing and maintaining FinTech ecosystems in different contexts.
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Bogdanova, Elena, Konstantin Filant, Medeya Ivanova, Tatiana Romanenko, Ludmila Voronina, Kamrul Hossain, Praskovia Filant, Sergei Andronov i Andrey Lobanov. "Strengthening Collaboration of the Indigenous Peoples in the Russian Arctic: Adaptation in the COVID-19 Pandemic Times". Sustainability 14, nr 6 (9.03.2022): 3225. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14063225.
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The article presents the challenges of the Indigenous peoples’ interplay with the key actors (Indigenous communities, Indigenous associations, regional governments, corporate businesses, and scientific institutions) in the Russian Arctic. Invoking actor–network theory offered knowledge to analyse how the effectiveness of this collaboration may lead to Indigenous peoples’ social adaptation in the COVID-19 times. It revealed the main problems increasing their vulnerability and making barriers to meeting sustainable development goals (SDGs). The primary sources included the data collected from expert interviews in the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, and the Murmansk region in 2020–2021. The main findings proved the gaps in the interplay of Indigenous peoples with key actors in the Russian Arctic due to insufficient interregional and international cooperation, indirect communication of governments with Indigenous peoples via Indigenous associations and communities focused mostly on supporting elites, and the lack of systematic feedback of all key actors. This collaboration must be focused on meeting SDGs and guaranteeing their economic, social, and cultural rights to maintain a traditional lifestyle and livelihoods, involving them in natural resource management, improving quality of life and well-being, increasing access to ethnocultural education, reducing inequality, and promoting Indigenous peoples’ self-government.
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Krisnajaya, I. Made, Suripto Suripto, Novi Paramita Dewi, Ambar Teguh Sulistiyani i Lutfi Untung Angga Laksana. "The Political Process of Bureaucratic Reform: Wonosobo Regional Government Experience from 2011-2015". Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik 23, nr 2 (26.12.2019): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jsp.42589.
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This study examines the political process of bureaucratic reform in Wonosobo regional government from 2011-2015. The article uses political and bureaucratic frameworks to describe the interplay of bureaucrats and politicians in the phases of bureaucratic reform. Data collection for this study employed document review and in-depth interviews with key informants. Results of the study show that the political process of bureaucratic reform mainly involved dialectical interactions between actors in the Wonosobo Regional Government and the Regional House of Representatives. The interplay of actors can then be explained through the actors’ configuration, issues that are confronted by the actors, conflicts of interest between actors, and influence tactics used by actors in managing issues and struggling for their interests. The experience of the Wonosobo regional government shows that bureaucratic reform does not only concern technical and administrative capacities in carrying out institutional arrangement, but it also involves political aspects namely visionary leadership, strong political will to conduct reform, and effective use of influential tactics to gain political supports for the reform.
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Pellinen, Katja. "The Interplay of Entrepreneurial and Network Activities in the Entrepreneurial Process". International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation 15, nr 1 (luty 2014): 17–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/ijei.2014.0137.
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Research on the entrepreneurial process has focused on either structural or agency-related aspects from the point of view of an individual entrepreneurial actor, while the concrete activities and their relationality have gained less scholarly attention. This study analyses the interplay between entrepreneurial and network activities in the entrepreneurial process through a case study of technology incubator firms. The study shows how entrepreneurial actors' understanding of their resources and positions varies and develops during the process, and how they use networks and relationships in various ways. The results help to explain the variety inherent in entrepreneurial processes and highlight the multifaceted role of networks in those processes.
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Guan, Benny Teh Cheng. "Region Construction: The Dynamics of Cross-Level Networking in East Asia". Copenhagen Journal of Asian Studies 33, nr 2 (5.01.2016): 12–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/cjas.v33i2.4964.
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This article seeks to explore the dynamics of region construction in East
Asia, through both formal regional institutions and informal regionalization
processes. Regionalism, particularly in Southeast and East Asia, is often
explained as a formal regionalist project. ASEAN serves as a prime example
but many other intra-regional processes, such as the ASEAN plus Three, the
East Asia Summit and the ASEAN Regional Forum, are also cases in point.
These processes, representing state actors, do not necessarily work in autonomous
spaces and discrete spheres, but rather interact with non-state entities
through multi-level networking. This networking provides opportunities for
the development of either 'positive' or 'negative' regionalism. As such, this
article looks at the interplay of cross-level actor-networks and how they affect
the direction and scope of regionalization in East Asia. It aims to show the
dynamic interplay of multiple regional actors that can consciously or unconsciously
contribute to the strengthening or weakening of region construction.
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Dopieralski, Marta. "Gollum—Disassemble the Monster to Reassemble the Hybrid Actor". International Journal of Actor-Network Theory and Technological Innovation 7, nr 3 (lipiec 2015): 34–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijantti.2015070103.
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This article aims to outline the distributed agency within the creation of computer-generated characters for live-action movies that use Motion Capture techniques. This technique requires a tight interplay between human actors, technical artefacts and digital processes. With the help of ANT the relationships within this heterogeneous collective can be presented more precisely in order to assign agency to human and non-human participants. Considerations concerning a combined interplay of humans and computer-driven actions result in the figure of the hybrid actor. Gollum, a computer-generated character from Peter Jackson's adaptation of the Lord of the Rings, serves as case example to carve out the attributes of this composite agent. The aim of the article is to show how these types of agents tackle the film industry's inherent ontology revolving around human actors and their products. The article contributes an insight how the mentioned network reacts to the emerging problem of crediting in the context of Motion Capture as technical innovation and how the involved community preserves their notion of artistry.
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Laurila, Juha S. "Interplay of Actors in the Emergence of Innovative Actions: A Comparative Micro-Historical Study". Academy of Management Proceedings 2018, nr 1 (sierpień 2018): 12019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2018.12019abstract.
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Gladstone, Eric, Kathleen M. O’Connor i Wyatt Taylor. "The Push and Pull of Network Mobility: How Those High in Trait-Level Neuroticism Can Come to Occupy Peripheral Network Positions". Behavioral Sciences 9, nr 7 (28.06.2019): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs9070069.
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Field research shows that people’s network positions are determined, at least in part, by their traits. For instance, over time, actors higher in trait-level neuroticism move out to the network periphery. What is unknown is how this happens. Drawing on personality and social psychological theory, we generated a model that could explain the movement of actors who are higher in neuroticism. Our aim is to add to the existing empirical literature on the interplay of actor level traits and social networks, and do so using methods that can establish possible causal pathways. In four experiments, we tested two explanatory mechanisms—aversion on the part of alters and avoidance on the part of focal actors. Results showed that potential alters indeed perceived actors higher in neuroticism as aversive, leading them to block these actors from well-connected spots. Specifically, low perceived levels of likability prevented actors from being nominated to better positions. In a test of avoidance, actors higher in neuroticism recognized the benefits of better-connected network positions, but also saw them as costly, and thus, declined opportunities to occupy them. This work shows how both alters and egos can determine egos’ place in networks, and specifies how this is done.
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Sarosa, Samiaji, i Arthur Tatnall. "Failure to Launch". International Journal of Actor-Network Theory and Technological Innovation 7, nr 4 (październik 2015): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijantti.2015100101.
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One of the main causes of delayed and failed information systems project development is scope creep. The increasing number of features demanded by stakeholders to be built into the applications within a fixed time limit is a recipe for failure. This article looks into the process of a web application development failure, where scope creep was deemed as the main cause. An in depth look into the time line of the project also reveal another cause, which was the failure of the application itself along with the platform (hardware and software) to actually execute the software. It is believed that an Actor-Network Theory framework is appropriate to analyse this case where a number if both human and non-human actors were involved. Data for this research was collected using participative observation. An analysis was conducted to find patterns of negotiations and communications between all the stakeholders during the design process. Actor-Network Theory was used to explain the power plays between actors. A model was constructed showing all the actors (stakeholders) and how the interplay among them developed.
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Lagin, Madelen, Johan Håkansson, Carin Nordström, Roger G. Nyberg i Christina Öberg. "Last-mile logistics of perishable products: a review of effectiveness and efficiency measures used in empirical research". International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management 50, nr 13 (11.08.2022): 116–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijrdm-02-2021-0080.
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PurposeCurrent online business development redistributes last-mile logistics (LML) from consumer to retailer and producer. This paper identifies how empirical LML research has used and defined logistic performance measures for key grocery industry actors. Using a multi-actor perspective on logistic performance, the authors discuss coordination issues important for optimising LML at system level.Design/methodology/approachA semi-systematic literature review of 85 publications was conducted to analyse performance measurements used for effectiveness and efficiency, and for which actors.FindingsFew empirical LML studies exist examining coordination between key actors or on system level. Most studies focus on logistic performance measurements for retailers and/or consumers, not producers. Key goals and resource utilisations lack research, including all key actors and system-level coordination.Research limitations/implicationsCurrent LML performance research implies a risk for sub-optimisation. Through expanding on efficiency and effectiveness interplay at system level and introducing new research perspectives, the review highlights the need to revaluate single-actor, single-measurement studies.Practical implicationsNo established scientific guidelines exist for solving LML optimisation in the grocery industry. For managers, it is important to thoroughly consider efficiency and effectiveness in LML execution, coordination and collaboration among key actors, avoiding sub-optimisations for business and sustainability.Originality/valueThe study contributes to current knowledge by reviewing empirical research on LML performance in the grocery sector, showing how previous research disregards the importance of multiple actors and coordination of actors, efficiency and effectiveness.
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Leite, Emilene, Cecilia Pahlberg i Susanne Åberg. "The cooperation-competition interplay in the ICT industry". Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing 33, nr 4 (8.05.2018): 495–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbim-02-2017-0038.
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Purpose Building on a business network perspective, the paper addresses the following question: Why do firms move between cooperation and competition in the context of high-tech industry? Hence, the purpose of this study is to contribute to the understanding of the complex cooperation–competition interplay between actors in a business network. Design/methodology/approach A single case study within the information and communication technology industry is undertaken and illustrates the cooperation–competition interplay in projects of technology. Findings The authors discuss the implications of interdependence on relationship dynamics. The main argument is that business relationships survive despite periods of competition if interdependence is high. Thus, firms move between a state of cooperation and a state of competition within business relationships, rather than ending the relationships when starting to compete. Practical implications This study suggests that managers need to pay attention to how different degrees of interdependence lead firms to be embedded in cooperative or competitive forms of relationships. Originality/value The paper contributes to the ongoing debate about cooperation, competition and coopetition within international business and industrial marketing literature. An interesting aspect in the paper is the cooperation–competition interplay, which is associated with positioning. A centrally positioned actor will choose who to bring into the partnership, with positioning concomitantly changing from project to project. The willingness of being a central actor, i.e. a project leader, places traditional buyer–supplier partners in competition. Thus, cooperation and/or competition becomes contextual.
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Petersen, Trine Brun, i Vibeke Riisberg. "Pockets, Buttons and Hangers: Designing a New Uniform for Health Care Professionals". Design Issues 32, nr 1 (styczeń 2016): 60–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/desi_a_00365.
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The aim of this article is to study how a new uniform for health care professionals in a Danish region came into being as a negotiation between a number of heterogeneous actors who fundamentally influenced the final design. The crux of this type of design is formed by conflicting demands: that the garment should be able to accommodate the user's bodily existence and that it must be adapted to the lean and rational maintenance processes of modern day health care. Drawing on Actor-Network Theory, the article explores the complex interplay between the different actors involved in the design process and discusses the uniform as a design product that combines the meticulous functional analysis of industrial design with concerns about self-presentation and identity of fashion and dress.
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Grenz, Tilo, i Paul Eisewicht. "Variants of Interplay as Drivers of Media Change". Media and Communication 5, nr 3 (22.09.2017): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/mac.v5i3.971.
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This article conceptualizes acting on media in terms of different interplays between focal actors, users, and user communities. It is argued that—in times of mediated visibility, the increasing entanglement of social and technological change, and accelerated feedback loops—arenas of negotiation emerge and therewith the complexities of relations between producers and users increases. Using insights from the fields of Wii hacking, Circuit Bending, and online poker tools, three variants of interplay are presented and discussed: integration, segregation, and permanent confrontation. Whilst a process-oriented perspective on reciprocal action is developed the paper contributes (a) to a balanced perspective on what is often a one-sided discussion regarding the actions leading to media change, and (b) to the understanding of the relation between media change and reflexive modernity.
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Norlund, Anita, i Marianne Strömberg. "En kritisk in- och utzoomning av ett samtida starkt hjärnintresse i utbildning". Nordisk Tidskrift för Allmän Didaktik 4, nr 1 (30.04.2018): 18–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.57126/noad.v4i1.12211.
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The aim of this article is to contribute with a critical understanding of the popular brain interest in contemporary education. The study is framed by the theory of practice architectures in combination with the concept of recontextualization. As a first step, we zoom in on an ecology of municipal school practices and its elements of a brain interest. The empirical material for this step includes remedial action plans, interviews with teacher teams and student health teams, and self reports. Here, the neuromythical idea of learning styles constitutes one of the manifestations. The second step is built on a zooming-out process in order to trail actors who potentially nurture general and specific brain interests. The analysis shows that many actors are involved, among which we find teacher union journals, book publishers and so forth. The analysis also shows that these actors work in a harmonious interplay. Towards the end of the article we cast a critical eye on the interest and on this interplay.
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Mortensen, Mette, i Nina Grønlykke Mollerup. "The Omran Daqneesh imagery from the streets of Aleppo to international front pages: Testimony, politics and emotions". Global Media and Communication 17, nr 2 (10.06.2021): 261–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17427665211021617.
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This article studies the virality and assigned iconicity of visual icons by examining the roles and interplays between photographers and other media actors contributing to early phases of making and sharing the Omran Daqneesh images from Aleppo, 2016. We draw on theoretical frameworks concerning the mobilization of iconic imagery in today’s digitalized and globalized media landscape as well the interpretive continuum of documentary evidence and emotional appeal typically applied to iconic imagery of children. Empirically, we take our point of departure in interviews with photographers, NGO workers, editors and journalists involved in facilitating, producing and initially disseminating the Omran Daqneesh imagery, to explore how – in contrast to the seemingly straightforward communication offered by visual icons – they are in effect the result of an intricate interplay between these actors, which in different ways and for different reasons contribute to spreading the images and determining their significance and meaning.
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Kornprobst, Markus. "How Rhetorical Strategies Reproduce Compromise Agreements: The Case of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Regime". Government and Opposition 47, nr 3 (2012): 342–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-7053.2012.01366.x.
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AbstractHow do actors, once they have reached agreement on a compromise, make this compromise persist? Being rooted in mutual concessions, it can never be taken for granted that compromises, once agreed upon, stay in place. Contestation about compliance is something that is very much to be expected and does not inevitably destabilize a compromise. Whether such a destabilization occurs or not depends on how actors communicate with one another. I contend that whether compromise persists or not has a great deal to do with the interplay of offensive and defensive rhetorical strategies that actors employ. I identify six offensive strategies (recourse, elaboration, entrapment, accusation, ostracism, abandonment) and six defensive ones (accommodation, placation, denial, deflection, inattentiveness, rejection), and chart the degrees to which offensive–defensive exchanges of strategies are conducive to reproducing compromises. Recourse–accommodation interplays on the one hand (most conducive) and abandonment–rejection interplays on the other (least conducive) form the poles of the spectrum of exchanges. I probe my theoretical framework by inquiring into the stability of the grand compromise that underpins the nuclear non-proliferation regime. The findings support my framework. The parties have tended to stay away from heavy rhetorical artillery and stuck to less robust rhetorical strategies. Elaboration and placation strategies have played a particularly important role for making the grand compromise persist.
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Farrell, Mary. "Group Politics in Global Development Policy: From the Millennium Development Goals to the Post-2015 Development Agenda". Hague Journal of Diplomacy 12, nr 2-3 (1.02.2017): 221–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1871191x-12341367.
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This article examines the group politics in global development policy from the Millennium Development Goals (mdgs) to the Sustainable Development Goals (sdgs). The discussion tracks the actors and forces that shaped both sets of goals, and highlights the centrality of multilateral processes in framing the background for the interplay of group politics. With the expansion in the number and diversity of actors, and the United Nations system facilitating the engagement of multiple actors, ultimately the negotiation of the sdgs reflected a new diplomacy derived from mediation of multiple interests within a multilateral context.
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Pettrachin, Andrea. "Opening the ‘Black Box’ of asylum governance: decision-making and the politics of asylum policy-making". Italian Political Science Review/Rivista Italiana di Scienza Politica 50, nr 2 (13.09.2019): 191–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ipo.2019.30.
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AbstractComplementing and challenging the existing literature on the Italian asylum crisis, this article develops an actor-centred approach to open the ‘black box’ of asylum governance, showing the constitutive effects of governance on the asylum issue. It then applies this approach to the case of the Veneto region in Italy during the recent ‘refugee crisis’. By doing so, the article, first, investigates the cognitive mechanisms that shape key actors’ asylum policy decisions. Drawing concepts and ideas from framing and sensemaking theories, it shows that, while there is certainly a strategic element that shapes actors' policy preferences, there is also a meaningful cognitive component in asylum governance. Indeed, it argues that actors' strategies are shaped, more than by anti-immigration public attitudes per se (as often assumed), by how political actors make sense of these attitudes. The article then applies SNA to examine how actors' understandings are located within and depend upon network relations and investigate actors' agency, power and interactions. It ultimately shows that local asylum policy outcomes are deeply influenced by the ‘politics of policy-making’, that is by power dynamics and how powerful actors position themselves, behave and mobilize their understandings. Finally, by examining the impact of policy outputs on cognitive micro-level mechanisms, the article sheds light on the interplay between the ‘regulatory’ and the ‘public reaction’ dimensions of the Italian asylum crisis, illustrating the relationship between public attitudes on migration, frame emergence, asylum policy-making, politics and public mobilizations in the active constitution of the Italian asylum crisis.
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Amoroso, Nicola, Loredana Bellantuono, Alfonso Monaco, Francesco De Nicolò, Ernesto Somma i Roberto Bellotti. "Economic Interplay Forecasting Business Success". Complexity 2021 (19.03.2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8861267.
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A startup ecosystem is a dynamic environment in which several actors, such as investors, venture capitalists, angels, and facilitators, are the protagonists of a complex interplay. Most of these interactions involve the flow of capital whose size and direction help to map the intricate system of relationships. This quantity is also considered a good proxy of economic success. Given the complexity of such systems, it would be more desirable to supplement this information with other informative features, and a natural choice is to adopt mathematical measures. In this work, we will specifically consider network centrality measures, borrowed by network theory. In particular, using the largest publicly available dataset for startups, the Crunchbase dataset, we show how centrality measures highlight the importance of particular players, such as angels and accelerators, whose role could be underestimated by focusing on collected funds only. We also provide a quantitative criterion to establish which firms should be considered strategic and rank them. Finally, as funding is a widespread measure for success in economic settings, we investigate to which extent this measure is in agreement with network metrics; the model accurately forecasts which firms will receive the highest funding in future years.
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Zhang, Danlei, i Yong He. "The Roles and Synergies of Actors in the Green Building Transition: Lessons from Singapore". Sustainability 14, nr 20 (15.10.2022): 13264. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142013264.
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Transforming the building sector toward sustainability based on green building (GB) technologies is a multi-faceted, multi-actor process of socio-technical transition. Understanding the different roles of primary actors in both technological and non-technological dimensions of GB transition is pivotal for effectively engaging multiple GB stakeholders during this process. However, relevant research is rare in the GB literature. This paper conducts an actor analysis based on a conceptual framework constructed on the actor and power relation typology from the multi-actor perspective approach and regime insights from the multi-level perspective theory. A qualitative case study of Singapore is adopted to exemplify the roles of the government, developers, citizens and NGOs, determined by their respective power and multi-actor power relations, and to evaluate their synergetic influence on the technological, social and governance dimensions of the GB transition. It was found that the government leads all three dimensions of GB transition and it has an indirect impact on promoting the technological transformation and social adaption by synergizing the other three actors. As the intermediary between government and non-government actors, NGOs indirectly influence GB transition by primarily assisting the government. Developers and citizens directly contribute to technological transformation and social adaption, respectively, and they have an indirect impact on the opposite dimensions through interacting with one another. We argue that a successful GB transition entails synergies from multi-actor interactions and the interplay of technical and non-technical development. This paper offers a heuristic framework for multi-actor analysis in the multi-faceted GB transition and generates policy lessons for other cities.
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Benítez-Ávila, Camilo, Andreas Hartmann i Geert Dewulf. "Contractual and Relational Governance as Positioned-Practices in Ongoing Public–Private Partnership Projects". Project Management Journal 50, nr 6 (10.06.2019): 716–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/8756972819848224.
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This article introduces a process framework based on the realist social theory for studying governing in ongoing public–private partnerships (PPPs). Contractual and relational practices are defined as activities enacted and re-created by virtue of actors’ dual positions: at both the partnership and the parent organizational levels. In PPPs, complementarities and contradictions between public, rule-bureaucratic logic and private, market-oriented logic define structural demands on actors. Nonpredictive and innovative governing activities emerge from the actors’ reflexive capacity to balance different demands. The framework allows the examination of the complex interplay of relational and contractual practices, illustrated in a PPP Dutch case.
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Opgenhaffen, Tim, i Johan Put. "Searching and Seizing Evidence at Lawyers’ and Doctors’ Premises: Belgium, France and The Netherlands Put to the European Court of Human Rights Test". European Journal of Crime, Criminal Law and Criminal Justice 23, nr 4 (17.11.2015): 359–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718174-23032078.
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Search and seizure procedures at lawyers’ and doctors’ premises put pressure on professional secrecy. In order to protect secrecy Belgium, France and The Netherlands introduced procedural guarantees based on the interplay of the examining magistrate, the representative of the professional association and the lawyer or doctor. Although the actors are similar, the level of protection differs. Under the terms of the European Convention on Human Rights a minimal level of protection is nevertheless vital. This contribution compares the interplay between the actors in Belgium, France and The Netherlands and evaluates whether all three countries meet the minimal level of protection required by the European Court of Human Rights. It subsequently concludes that an evaluation based on human rights is blind at one eye: although the rights protected by professional secrecy are decently preserved, professional secrecy itself is not.
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Paavola, Jouni, Andrew Gouldson i Tatiana Kluvánková-Oravská. "Interplay of actors, scales, frameworks and regimes in the governance of biodiversity". Environmental Policy and Governance 19, nr 3 (maj 2009): 148–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eet.505.
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Roth, Stefan, Sophie Mentges i Thomas Robbert. "Actor Engagement in Business Model Innovation - The Role of Experimentation in New Ventures' Business Model Design". Marketing ZFP 43, nr 4 (2021): 45–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.15358/0344-1369-2021-4-45.
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This study emphasizes the interplay between thought experimentation (Felin and Zenger 2009) and actor engagement (Brodie et al. 2019) in the pre-seed phase of the business model design process for new ventures (Snihur and Zott 2020). The review on entrepreneurial learning and action revealed that, while the experiential learning benefits of experimentation are largely undisputed, we know little about cognition and thought experimentation in business model innovation. This aspect, however, is crucial to new ventures, which are particularly vulnerable to uncertainty and financial constraints. Experimentation needs to be considered at a more profound level of analysis. This study draws on qualitative interviews with founders to uncover three forms of thought experimentation: purposeful interactions, incidental interactions, and theorising. We perceive thought experimentation as a process by which entrepreneurs cognitively and through interactions with other actors, evaluate their business model. The study also specifies six roles of engagement behaviour, including teaching, supporting, mobilising, co-developing, sharing, and signalling, by which actors influence the three forms of thought experimentation.
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Konlechner, Stefan, Markus Latzke, Wolfgang H. Güttel i Elisabeth Höfferer. "Prospective sensemaking, frames and planned change interventions: A comparison of change trajectories in two hospital units". Human Relations 72, nr 4 (30.05.2018): 706–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018726718773157.
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Changing organizations is difficult. In this article, we analyze how sensemaking that follows the initiation of change projects relies on the interplay of prospective and retrospective aspects, and we elucidate how organization members’ frames develop over time based on this interplay. Our data, 38 in-depth interviews with nursing and medical staff held at four different points in time, reveal how expectations impact the dynamics of meaning construction in change processes. Our findings demonstrate that the frames through which actors make sense of change initiatives develop continuously, although the expectations embedded in them are ‘sticky’ to some extent. The degree of ‘stickiness’ depends on expectations that are formed through initial prospective sensemaking, as these expectations influence actors’ tolerance regarding dissonant cues. Change initiatives fail when this tolerance becomes exhausted. Our study contributes to theory on sensemaking and change by elaborating on the undertheorized role of prospective sensemaking during change processes.
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Hug, Simon. "Endogenous Preferences And Delegation In The European Union". Comparative Political Studies 36, nr 1-2 (luty 2003): 41–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010414002239371.
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The interplay among intergovernmental and supranational actors is a defining feature of the institutional life of the European Union (EU). Too often, however, these actors are considered independent of each other, and their autonomy is assessed in a vacuum. This is problematic because if there is such a thing as "endogenous preferences" in the EU, it appears exactly through this interdependence of intergovernmental and supranational actors. None of the institutionalist approaches to the EU has come to grips with this fact yet. Based on some very simple gametheoretic ideas, I offer in this article a rationale for "endogenous preferences" and discuss their impact on issues of delegations. Some cursory empirical evidence supports the claims that the preferences of supranational actors are related to those of the actors who select or appoint them. Similarly, the analyses presented here suggest that preferences over delegation to supranational actors are influenced by differences in policy views between principals and agents.
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Krähenmann, Sandra. "The Interplay Between International Humanitarian Law, Terrorism and the “Foreign Terrorist Fighter” Regime". Proceedings of the ASIL Annual Meeting 112 (2018): 307–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/amp.2019.26.
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There seems to be a natural connection between armed conflict and terrorism: both involve acts of violence by nonstate armed actors. The acts of armed groups during armed conflicts are frequently labeled as acts of terrorism. Similarly, both international humanitarian law (IHL) and the international legal regime governing terrorism address acts of violence committed by nonstate armed actors. Yet, these superficial similarities obscure the significant conceptual differences between acts of violence in armed conflicts and those outside armed conflicts as well as the differences in the legal regimes governing them. Before turning to an analysis of UN Security Council (UNSC) Resolution 2178 (2014), it is necessary to briefly explain how IHL addresses acts of terrorism, followed by a brief description of the international treaty regime governing terrorism, including how this regime regulates its relationship with IHL.
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Nolte, Kerstin, i Susanne Johanna Väth. "Interplay of land governance and large-scale agricultural investment: evidence from Ghana and Kenya". Journal of Modern African Studies 53, nr 1 (12.02.2015): 69–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x14000688.
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AbstractThis comparative analysis examines how large-scale agricultural land acquisitions are implemented in Ghana and Kenya, using embedded case studies of two specific investment projects. We find that insufficiencies in these countries' land governance systems are partly caused by discrepancies betweende jureand de facto procedures and that powerful actors tend to operate in the legal grey areas. These actors determine the implementation of projects to a large extent. Displacement and compensation are highly emotive issues that exacerbate tensions around the investment. We also find that large-scale land acquisitions have a feedback effect on the land governance system, which suggests that large-scale land acquisitions can be drivers of institutional change. We suggest there may be a window of opportunity here to reform these land governance systems.
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EBERLEIN, BURKARD. "The Making of the European Energy Market: The Interplay of Governance and Government". Journal of Public Policy 28, nr 1 (kwiecień 2008): 73–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143814x08000780.
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ABSTRACTThis case study asks whether delegated, sectoral governance by private actors and arm’s-length agencies enhances policy efficacy or does sectoral governance require a shadow of hierarchy cast by government actors to deliver desired policy results? EU energy market liberalisation shows that sectoral governance successfully mobilises regulatory expertise, capacity and legitimacy and delivers workable norms and rules for market transactions in a complex policy environment. However, it also finds that the efficacy of sectoral governance mechanisms is constrained by distributive conflicts between different national jurisdictions and sector interests. If deadlock occurs, the European Commission as governmental principal casts a double shadow of hierarchy over sectoral governance agents: the threat of further legislation and of EU competition law. While both instruments enhance policy efficacy, they cannot substitute for the intrinsic rule-making qualities of sectoral governance: governance and government play complementary roles in the policy process.
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Sarjito, Aris. "Dinamika Pengaruh Eksternal dalam Pengambilan Keputusan Kebijakan Pertahanan". JISHUM : Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Humaniora 2, nr 4 (7.06.2024): 359–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.57248/jishum.v2i4.379.
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In contemporary geopolitics, the formulation of defense policies is subject to a complex interplay of external factors, ranging from the influence of powerful actors to economic interests and ideational factors. This research aims to deepen our understanding of the external factors shaping defense policy decisions and their implications for national security strategies. Drawing upon qualitative research methods using secondary data analysis, this study investigates three key dimensions: "The Interplay of Power: External Actors and National Defense Policy," "The Intersection of Money and Muscle: Economic Interests in Defense Policy," and "The Power of Ideas: How Ideational Factors Shape Defense Policy." The findings reveal the significant role of external actors, such as superpowers and international organizations, in shaping defense policy decisions through various mechanisms of influence. Moreover, economic interests, including arms trade and energy security considerations, emerge as critical determinants of defense policy priorities. Furthermore, conceptual factors, such as security narratives and public perceptions of threats, profoundly influence defense policy formulation. This research contributes to the existing literature by comprehensively analyzing the multifaceted nature of external factors shaping defense policy decisions. The novelty lies in the holistic approach that integrates insights from political science, economics, and security studies. Keywords: defense policy, economic interests, external factors, ideational factors
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van Bochove, Marianne, i Lieke Oldenhof. "Institutional Work in Changing Public Service Organizations: The Interplay Between Professionalization Strategies of Non-Elite Actors". Administration & Society 52, nr 1 (19.07.2018): 111–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095399718786880.
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It is often argued that increased volunteer participation in public service organizations will lead to de-professionalization of established professionals. Adopting a relational approach, this article shows that professionalization of new actors can actually initiate and reinforce the professionalization of others. This article focuses on the interplay between nonelite actors in social care that carry out institutional work aimed at pursuing three strategies: classic professionalization of volunteer coordinators, proto-professionalization of volunteers, and advanced professionalization of social care practitioners. Potential negative implications of these professionalization strategies are the hollowing out of paid social care work and the exclusion of vulnerable volunteers.
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Keilbach, Judith. "Instant TV. The Forgotten History of Video Tape Recording (and the Coverage of the Eichmann Trial)". TMG Journal for Media History 27, nr 1 (26.06.2024): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.18146/tmg.876.
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This article adopts a media archaeological approach to the Eichmann trial (1961) to explore the technology and media constellations that enabled its global television coverage. Drawing on extensive archival research, it offers insights into the technological setup and institutional cooperation crucial for the broadcast. In this context, video tape recording played a pivotal role, facilitating instantaneous reporting from around the world. Informed by actor-network theory, the article highlights the interplay of different (non)human actors who were interested and enrolled in a short-lived actor-network that soon became obsolete with the advent of communication satellites. Through recounting the story of the trial coverage, it not only recalls the forgotten use of a technology but also sheds light on emerging television formats and infrastructures that persisted far beyond the brief prominence of Instant TV.
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Croidieu, Grégoire, i Phillip H. Kim. "Labor of Love: Amateurs and Lay-expertise Legitimation in the Early U.S. Radio Field". Administrative Science Quarterly 63, nr 1 (17.01.2017): 1–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0001839216686531.
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Many actors claim to be experts of specialized knowledge, but for this expertise to be perceived as legitimate, other actors in the field must recognize them as authorities. Using an automated topic-model analysis of historical texts associated with the U.S. amateur radio operator movement between 1899 and 1927, we propose a process model for lay-expertise legitimation as an alternative to professionalization. While the professionalization account depends on specialized work, credentialing, and restrictive jurisdictional control by powerful field actors, our model emphasizes four mechanisms leading to lay-expert recognition: building an advanced collective competence, operating in an unrestricted public space, providing transformational social contributions, and expanding an original collective role identity. Our analysis shows how field expertise can be achieved outside of professional spaces by non-professionalized actors who master activities as a labor of love. Our work also reveals that lay-expertise recognition depends on the interplay between collective identities and collective competence among non-professional actors, and it addresses the shifting power dynamics when professional and non-professional actors coexist and strive for expertise recognition.
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Zilber, T. B. "INSTITUTIONALIZATION AS AN INTERPLAY BETWEEN ACTIONS, MEANINGS, AND ACTORS: THE CASE OF A RAPE CRISIS CENTER IN ISRAEL." Academy of Management Journal 45, nr 1 (1.02.2002): 234–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3069294.
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Zilber, Tammar B. "Institutionalization as an Interplay Between Actions, Meanings, and Actors: The Case of a Rape Crisis Center in Israel". Academy of Management Journal 45, nr 1 (luty 2002): 234–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/3069294.
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Worthington, Helena. "Discursive Features of United States Foreign Policy Phetoric Towards the Middle East". Studia Philologica, nr 22 (2024): 193–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/2412-2491.2024.2214.
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In the contemporary international order, marked by increasing global interdependence and complex power relations, understanding the role of the United States as a global actor is crucial. This paper explores the interplay between American identity, discourse, and U.S. foreign policy rhetoric, particularly in its engagement with the Middle East. Rooted in the concept of American exceptionalism, it investigates the selective and strategic nature of U.S. rhetoric towards key Middle Eastern actors. The research integrates linguistics and international relations, with Critical Discourse Analysis as the primary theoretical framework. By addressing research questions concerning American identity, discursive strategies and their linguistic realisations, and rhetorical selectivity, this paper contributes to a deeper understanding of U.S. foreign policy rhetoric towards the Middle East.
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Jibat, Endalew, Feyera Senbeta, Tesfaye Zeleke i Fitsum Hagos. "The role and interplay of institutions in water governance in the Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia". F1000Research 12 (6.11.2023): 1434. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.138939.1.
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Background Institutions can play a key role in coordinating how natural resources are effectively managed and used without over-exploitation. Institutions are laws, policies, and organizational arrangements that permit, forbid or regulate human action. This study aimed to look into the roles of formal and informal institutions, and their interactions in water resources governance in the Central Rift Valley (CRV), Ethiopia. Methods Key informant interviews, focus group discussions, and secondary data sources were employed to collect relevant data. Results The result of the study indicated that the influence of informal institutions on formal institutions or vice versa was insignificant, and unable to change the actions of water users in the CRV. Other limitations observed in water resources governance in the CRV include a lack of actors’ clear roles and responsibilities, absence of meaningful decentralization, limited engagement of key actors in policy development, lack of synergy between the institutions, and absence of enforcement mechanisms. Conclusion Considering the local contexts and community’s traditional knowledge of water governance in water-related policy, rules, and regulations, and enhancing the capacity of local-level institutions, strong interplay among all institutions involved in water governance, and meaningful actors’ engagement were recommended to advance the role of institutions in water resources governance in the CRV and in the country.
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Törrönen, Jukka. "Relational Agency and Identity Navigation in Life Stories on Addiction: Developing Narrative Tools to Analyze the Interplay Between Multiple Selves". International Journal of Qualitative Methods 21 (styczeń 2022): 160940692210783. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/16094069221078378.
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In life stories on addiction, in which dependence is experienced as an antagonistic force, agency manifests as enigmatic. As narrators in these stories usually describe how they lost their agency to a substance, we may ask who then takes over the agency and is the actor. Can material things act with agency? By taking influences from actor–network theory, Bambergs’ narrative positioning theory, Greimas’ narrative semiotics, symbolic interactionism, and critical discourse studies, I propose that addiction stories can be productively approached with an ontology that conceptualizes actors’ agency as relational. According to this ontology, individuals develop addiction in relation to heterogeneous attachments that form an enabling assemblage. Moreover, I propose that life stories on addiction are narratives in which narrators navigate their addiction by negotiating with multiple selves. These selves can be productively identified and analyzed from the perspectives of “story,” “interaction,” and “identity claim.” As a story, in which actors are positioned vis-à-vis one another, life stories on addiction can be approached as narratives that describe the confrontation between the trajectory of the self that is driven by addiction and the trajectory of the self that seeks mastery over one’s life. As an interaction between narrators and interlocutors, life stories on addiction can be examined as performances of interactive selves who do positive face-work to neutralize, rationalize, and justify their “deviant” behavior. And as identity claims, life stories on addiction can be considered embodiments of ideal or normative selves that are articulated in relation to the dominant discourses and master narratives of surrounding culture. By using examples from life stories on addiction, the article aims to clarify with what kinds of concepts and narrative tools we can analyze the interplay between multiple selves in addiction stories.
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Mulwa, Martina Mutheu, i Timothy Mwololo Waema. "Understanding Mobile Banking from a Theoretical Lens". International Journal of Innovation in the Digital Economy 7, nr 1 (styczeń 2016): 54–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijide.2016010105.
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Characteristic of every developing nation, Kenya has found itself at crossroads; defining the banking industry with the urge to provide banking services to majority of the unbanked populations. Mobile banking is a banking model that has been adopted by Kenyan Banks to reach out to unbanked populations. This paper is based on a case study conducted in Kenya on selected mobile banking products in 2012. The Actor Network theory methodology was used to identify and follow actors. Using in-depth interviews with key informants, survey of users and agents as well as focus group discussions and observation, it was established that agent phones and Point of service (POS) devises were used to deliver traditional banking services to users whose access mode was their mobile phone or debit cards. There existed partnerships between banks and mobile network operators whose operations were regulated by the Central Bank of Kenya and the Communications Authority of Kenya. This paper seeks to explore fundamental requirements for the interplay of actors in the execution of mobile banking services. It critically analyses data collected, with reference to the Network Society theory by Manuel Castells and Actor Network theory by Michael Callon and Bruno Latour, to inform on cross-sectoral partnerships and user attributes necessary in mobile banking uptake and use.
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Brosnan, Sarah F., Lucie Salwiczek i Redouan Bshary. "The interplay of cognition and cooperation". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 365, nr 1553 (12.09.2010): 2699–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0154.
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Cooperation often involves behaviours that reduce immediate payoffs for actors. Delayed benefits have often been argued to pose problems for the evolution of cooperation because learning such contingencies may be difficult as partners may cheat in return. Therefore, the ability to achieve stable cooperation has often been linked to a species' cognitive abilities, which is in turn linked to the evolution of increasingly complex central nervous systems. However, in their famous 1981 paper, Axelrod and Hamilton stated that in principle even bacteria could play a tit-for-tat strategy in an iterated Prisoner's Dilemma. While to our knowledge this has not been documented, interspecific mutualisms are present in bacteria, plants and fungi. Moreover, many species which have evolved large brains in complex social environments lack convincing evidence in favour of reciprocity. What conditions must be fulfilled so that organisms with little to no brainpower, including plants and single-celled organisms, can, on average, gain benefits from interactions with partner species? On the other hand, what conditions favour the evolution of large brains and flexible behaviour, which includes the use of misinformation and so on? These questions are critical, as they begin to address why cognitive complexity would emerge when ‘simple’ cooperation is clearly sufficient in some cases. This paper spans the literature from bacteria to humans in our search for the key variables that link cooperation and deception to cognition.
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Guimezanes, Marie. "An Inquiry into the Life and Death of Indicators". International Organizations Law Review 12, nr 1 (20.11.2015): 116–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15723747-01201005.
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This article identifies the actors and dynamics involved in the process of ‘indicatorization’ in the aid effectiveness regime, from the initial decision to use indicators to the impact the indicators’ monitoring produces. It contributes to the existing and growing literature on indicators, and gives a specific example of the use of indicators in global governance. Because of its iterative perspective, the aid effectiveness regime enables an analysis of the trial and error process in the making of indicators and of the interplay of different actors, mainly States and international organizations, over time. This case study shows how actors can ‘play’ with indicators that are supposed to define their actions, and ultimately the tension that might exist between the indicator’s logic (the uniformity of the numerical measurement) and the regime principles, based on the ownership paradigm.
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Amir, Amar, i Djamal Alkama. "Analysis of the game of actors for the management of the urban extension. case of the urban pole of the city of Bouira". Technium Social Sciences Journal 39 (8.01.2023): 659–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v39i1.8266.
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The city is a very complex system produced by the various interventions carried out by different actors. The diversity of these actors influences the different decisions taken concerning the future, the development and the management of urban spaces in cities. In this perspective, it is essential to question the transformations experienced by these cities from the actors, while emphasizing their role and their impacts. Bouira is a medium-sized city that has undergone significant development in recent years, particularly in terms of spatial growth, which has been to the detriment of land with high agricultural potential. All the interventions in the city are carried out by different actors working in various fields, whose interests are not necessarily convergent. Indeed, "without a detailed analysis of the interplay of actors, the scenarios lack relevance and coherence" (Michel Godet, 2007). To this end, this article aims to analyze the game of actors contributing to the construction of a future image of the city of Bouira. Through the use of the Mactor method, we will define the nature of the relations between the different actors concerning the project of the urban pole of Bouira, while trying to define their roles, their direct and indirect influences between them and to identify their convergences and divergences.
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Jelavić, Sanda Rašić, Ana Aleksić i Ivana Načinović Braje. "Behind the Curtain: Workplace Incivility—Individual Actors in Cultural Settings". Sustainability 13, nr 3 (25.01.2021): 1249. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13031249.
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Uncivil behavior at work can have numerous consequences for individuals and the organization. This paper examines the interplay of personality traits and organizational culture as antecedents of workplace incivility. Empirical research on a sample of 251 employees has shown that the perceptions and occurrence of workplace incivility can be significantly related to personality traits and features of organizational culture. When looking at the combined effect of personality and organizational culture, culture determines one’s perception and experience of incivility stronger than personality traits alone. The research showed that personality trait agreeableness and emphasizing values related to clan, market or adhocracy culture could reduce the odds of workplace incivility.
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Fernández-Sánchez, Pablo Antonio. "The Interplay Between International Humanitarian Law and Refugee Law". Journal of International Humanitarian Legal Studies 1, nr 2 (2010): 329–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187815211x560988.
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AbstractInternational humanitarian law (IHL) is not the sole body of international law that applies in armed conflicts. Among the different legal bodies that may be subject to the simultaneous application during armed conflicts is refugee law. The questions considered in this article are the protection of refugees under IHL, including the right of non-refoulement during armed conflicts. The cumulative application of IHL and refugee law is another focus of analysis. This article deals with inter alia the reinforced extension of alien rights to refugees during armed conflict, the possibility to grant refugee status to new actors which appear during armed conflict, the obligation to disarm and separate armed elements, the forced transfer of refugees for military or humanitarian reasons, and the right of ex-combatants to be treated as civilian refugees once they have disarmed and their legal status can be determined.
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Verbruggen, Paul, i Tetty Havinga. "Introduction to the Special Issue on the Patterns of Interplay between Public and Private Food Regulation". European Journal of Risk Regulation 6, nr 4 (grudzień 2015): 482–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1867299x00005043.
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This Special Issue aims to develop a deeper understanding of the interplay between public and private actors in the regulatory governance of food. It starts from the observation that the traditional concept of law as command-and-control legislation and law enforcement by national governmental bodies, including inspectorates and courts, is not adequate to capture today's world of food governance. Nowadays, a broad range of public and private entities acting at national and international level seek to shape and influence the production, trade and handling of food and the risks involved therein. Drawing on data from Europe and the United States, the contributions to this Special Issue seek to unravel the intimate, yet complex ties between public and private actors within governance arrangements regulating food safety and sustainability. The articles are focused around the various phases of the policy cycle for food governance, thus addressing the interaction in stages of agenda-setting and rule-making, adoption and implementation, monitoring and enforcement, and evaluation and review. In descriptive terms, each contribution lays out the ‘who’ (actors), the ‘what’ (activity), the ‘why’ (rationale) and the ‘how’ (instruments) of food governance. In evaluative terms, the papers discuss and explain the results and challenges of the design of the public private governance arrangements. Jointly, the contributions offer original and invaluable empirical insights explaining the rise, design and challenges of mixed governance arrangements in the food sector.
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Jibat, Endalew, Feyera Senbeta, Tesfaye Zeleke i Fitsum Hagos. "The role and interplay of institutions in water governance in the Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia". F1000Research 12 (8.04.2024): 1434. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.138939.2.
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Background Institutions can play a key role in coordinating how natural resources are effectively managed and used without over-exploitation. Institutions are laws, policies, and organizational arrangements that permit, forbid or regulate human action. This study aimed to look into the roles of formal and informal institutions, and their interactions in water resources governance in the Central Rift Valley (CRV), Ethiopia. Methods Key informant interviews, focus group discussions, and secondary data sources were employed to collect relevant data. Results The result of the study indicated that the influence of informal institutions on formal institutions or vice versa was insignificant, and unable to change the actions of water users in the CRV. Other limitations observed in water resources governance in the CRV include a lack of actors’ clear roles and responsibilities, absence of meaningful decentralization, limited engagement of key actors in policy development, lack of synergy between the institutions, and absence of enforcement mechanisms. Conclusion Considering the local contexts and community’s traditional knowledge of water governance in water-related policy, rules, and regulations, and enhancing the capacity of local-level institutions, strong interplay among all institutions involved in water governance, and meaningful actors’ engagement were recommended to advance the role of institutions in water resources governance in the CRV and in the country. Hence, a mechanism that enables to harmonize formal and informal institutions in water management system can enhance the governance of water resources in the study area and elsewhere in the country.
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Pryce, Josephine. "Interplay of Organisational Resilience and Organisational Culture". Journal of Resilient Economies (ISSN: 2653-1917) 1, nr 2 (30.12.2021): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.25120/jre.1.2.2021.3870.
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The literature on organisational resilience (OrgRes) evidences that this phenomenon has experienced increasing attention in recent years. Studies show that understanding of organisations as complex socio-technical systems is important to understanding OrgRes. Often, these studies focus on micro- and macro-perspectives that address individuals as actors in systems. Or they address organisational factors that can be improved (for example, employee training, risk management policies, and operational processes) in order to anticipate and respond to various events. Some of these studies suggest the need for a more holistic perspective that includes formal and informal approaches. Building on these insights, here it is argued that understanding and attention to ‘organisation culture’ provides a lens by which organisations can better prepare for future challenges, especially where contexts of high uncertainty and volatility may prevail. Using the metaphor of an iceberg for organisational culture (OrgCulture), cultivation of resilience within organisations, allows for the embedding of a resilience-based approach into the fabric of organisations, such that it permeates organisational values and principles and informs policies and practices. Such conceptualisation of OrgRes, will enable establishing of deep internal ideologies that effect enduring ‘ways of thinking and doing’ that better prepare organisations for the future.