Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Internet regulation

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Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Internet regulation”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021

Data aktualizacji: 11 marca 2023

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Internet regulation"

Neznamova, Alla Andreevna. "Legal Regulation of Internet Services". Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamical and Control Systems 12, SP7 (25.07.2020): 971–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5373/jardcs/v12sp7/20202190.

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Saxby, S. "Internet regulation". Computer Law & Security Review 23, nr 1 (styczeń 2007): 86–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clsr.2006.10.007.

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Akdeniz, Yaman. "Internet Content Regulation". Computer Law & Security Review 17, nr 5 (wrzesień 2001): 303–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0267-3649(01)00505-2.

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d’Udekem-Gevers, Marie, i Yves Poullet. "INTERNET CONTENT REGULATION". Computer Law & Security Review 17, nr 6 (listopad 2001): 371–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0267-3649(01)01103-7.

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d’Udekem-Gevers, Marie, i Yves Poullet. "INTERNET CONTENT REGULATION". Computer Law & Security Review 18, nr 1 (styczeń 2002): 11–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0267-3649(02)00103-6.

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McCauley, James M. "Internet regulation — I". Computer Law & Security Review 13, nr 2 (marzec 1997): 110–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0267-3649(97)89747-6.

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Leng, Ter Kah. "Internet regulation II". Computer Law & Security Review 13, nr 2 (marzec 1997): 115–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0267-3649(97)89749-x.

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최경진. "Internet and Self-Regulation". Journal of Sports and Entertainment Law 16, nr 2 (maj 2013): 181–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.19051/kasel.2013.16.2.181.

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GyoohoLee. "Internet Regulation and Jurisdiction". Dankook Law Riview 33, nr 2 (grudzień 2009): 53–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.17252/dlr.2009.33.2.003.

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Weiss, Aaron. ""Regulation" of the Internet". netWorker 12, nr 3 (wrzesień 2008): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1435535.1435545.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Internet regulation"

Tusikov, Natasha Marie. "Chokepoints : internet intermediaries and the private regulation of counterfeit goods on the internet". Phd thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/125030.

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This dissertation examines non-state regulation on the Internet, specifically the capacity of corporate actors to create private regulatory arrangements and the degree to which those efforts may rely upon the state. It critically traces the interactions and inter-dependencies between corporate actors and the state through the lens of corporate online anti-counterfeiting enforcement efforts. Between 2010 and 2013, small groups of multinational corporations and government officials from the United States, United Kingdom and the European Commission created a global private regulatory regime to control websites selling counterfeit goods. In this regime, for the first time, major U.S.-based Internet firms, like Google and PayPal, adopted so-called "voluntary best practices" agreements that guide their regulation of these websites on behalf of rights holders. This project examines eight of these agreements that pertain to five Internet sectors: advertising, domain name, marketplace, payment, and search services. In this particular case of private regulation, the state plays a strong, even central role. "Voluntary agreements" are a deliberate misnomer as government actors, acting in concert with rights holders, employed varying degrees of coercion to pressure major Internet firms and payment providers to adopt industry-derived best practices. Despite these coercive elements, however, there are common financial and reputational interests between rights holders and Internet firms. More importantly, these agreements serve strategic economic and national security interests, particularly those of the United States. The U.S. government, the principal architect of the regime, has interests in the protection of intellectual property because of its large stable of successful rights holders. In addition, it has national security interests in tapping into the vast troves of personal and commercial data that firms, such as Google and Yahoo, collect from their users. Corporate agreements to regulate the online distribution of counterfeit goods speak to private regulation on the Internet more generally. This dissertation contends that large corporate actors-both rights holders and Internet firms-can act as arbiters on the legality of technologies, services and applications on the Internet. In doing so, they can have significant influence in determining what types of new technologies and services prosper and which fail. Corporate anti-counterfeiting efforts demonstrate not only the considerable regulatory capacity of these Internet firms but also state and corporate interests in working with these firms to set rules and standards that govern Internet services.

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Guadamuz, Andres. "Networks, complexity and internet regulation scale-free law". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/7795.

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This book, then, starts with a general statement: that regulators should try, wherever possible, to use the physical methodological tools presently available in order to draft better legislation. While such an assertion may be applied to the law in general, this work will concentrate on the much narrower area of Internet regulation and the science of complex networks The Internet is the subject of this book not only because it is my main area of research, but also because –without over-emphasising the importance of the Internet to everyday life– one cannot deny that the growth and popularisation of the global communications network has had a tremendous impact on the way in which we interact with one another. The Internet is, however, just one of many interactive networks. One way of looking at the complex and chaotic nature of society is to see it as a collection of different nodes of interaction. Humans are constantly surrounded by networks: the social network, the financial network, the transport network, the telecommunications network and even the network of our own bodies. Understanding how these systems operate and interact with one another has been the realm of physicists, economists, biologists and mathematicians. Until recently, the study of networks has been mainly theoretical and academic, because it is difficult to gather data about large and complex systems that is sufficiently reliable to support proper empirical application. In recent years, though, the Internet has given researchers the opportunity to study and test the mathematical descriptions of these vast complex systems. The growth rate and structure of cyberspace has allowed researchers to map and test several previously unproven theories about how links and hubs within networks interact with one another. The Web now provides the means with which to test the organisational structures, architecture and growth of networks, and even permits some limited prediction about their behaviour, strengths and vulnerabilities. The main objective of this book is first and foremost to serve as an introduction to the wider legal audience to some of the theories of complexity and networks. The second objective is more ambitious. By looking at the application of complexity theory and network science in various areas of Internet regulation, it is hoped that there will be enough evidence to postulate a theory of Internet regulation based on network science. To achieve these two goals, Chapter 2 will look in detail at the science of complex networks to set the stage for the legal and regulatory arguments to follow. With the increase in reliability of the descriptive (and sometimes predictive) nature of network science, a logical next step for legal scholars is to look at the legal implications of the characteristics of networks. Chapter 3 highlights the efforts of academics and practitioners who have started to find potential uses for network science tools. Chapter 4 takes this idea further, and explores how network theory can shape Internet regulation. The following chapters will analyse the potential for application of the tools described in the previous chapters, applying complexity theory to specific areas of study related to Internet Law. Chapter 5 deals with the subject of copyright in the digital world. Chapter 6 explores the issue of peer-production and user-generated content using network science as an analytical framework. Chapter 7 finishes the evidence section of the work by studying the impact of network architecture in the field of cybercrime, and asks whether the existing architecture hinders or assists efforts to tackle those problems. It is clear that these are very disparate areas of study. It is not the intention of this book to be overreaching in its scope, although I am mindful that it covers a lot of ground and attempts to study and describe some disciplines that fall outside of my intellectual comfort zone. While the focus of the work is the Internet, its applications may extend beyond mere electronic bits. Without trying to be over-ambitious, it is my strong belief that legal scholarship has been neglectful in that it has been slow to respond to the wealth of research into complexity. That is not to say that there has been no legal research on the topic, but it would seem that lawyers, legislators and policy-makers are reluctant to consider technical solutions to legal problems. It is hoped then that this work will serve as a stepping stone that will lead to new interest in some of the theories that I describe.

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Kern, Bernhard Georg. "Das Internet zwischen Regulierung und Selbstregulierung". Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Juristische Fakultät, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16044.

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Das Internet hat nicht nur eine kaum vorhersehbare Revolution in der Kommunikation hervorgerufen, sondern stellt auch vielfältige Herausforderungen an das Recht. Die besondere Problematik ist dabei, dass die handelnden Personen dies praktisch anonym tun können und dass das Internet auf Grund seiner Struktur inhaltsneutral ist. Daraus wurde in der öffentlichen Diskussion abgeleitet, dass das Internet ein rechtsfreier Raum sei, was aber nicht sein dürfe. Darauf reagiert in einigen Fällen der Gesetzgeber, weitaus häufiger wird die Entwicklung aber von der Rechtsprechung vorangetrieben. Ziel der Arbeit ist es, die spezifisch auf das Internet bezogenen rechtlichen Entwicklungen des Rechts darzustellen und ihre spezifische Problematik aufzuzeigen. Im Kontrast dazu werden die Mechanismen der Rechtsetzung der Organisationen beschrieben, die für die Entwicklung des Internets verantwortlich sind und deren Verfahren auch Vorbild für staatliche Rechtsetzung sein könnten.
The Internet has not only caused a non foreseeable revolution in human communication, it also defies legislation and jurisprudence in many ways. Acting over the internet causes unknown problems as communication on the internet is due to its structure non discriminating regarding the content. Discussion in the public has therefore concluded, that the internet were a anarchic space, a state which could not persist. In many cases this has caused reactions by legislation, although most of the development is carried by jurisprudence. The target of this publication is to show the internet-specific legal developments in Germany and to show their specific problems. In contrast to the state law the mechanisms of standardization by the institutions developing the internet and its standards are described.

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Maida, Elisabeth M. (Elisabeth Marigo). "The regulation of internet interconnection : assessing network market power". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/79345.

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Thesis (S.M. in Technology and Policy)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Technology and Policy Program; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2013.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 59-64).
Interconnection agreements in the telecommunications industry have always been constrained by regulation. Internet interconnection has not received the same level of scrutiny. Recent debates regarding proposed mergers, network neutrality, Internet peering, and last mile competition have generated much discussion about whether Internet interconnection regulation is warranted. In order to determine whether such regulation is necessary, policymakers need appropriate metrics to help gauge a network provider's market power. Since Internet interconnection agreements are typically not published publicly, policymakers must instead rely on proxy metrics and inferred interconnection relationships. Alessio D'Ignazio and Emanuele Giovannetti have attempted to address this challenge by proposing a standard set of metrics that are based on and assessed using network topology data. They suggest two metrics, referred to as customer cone and betweenness, as proxies for market size and market power. This thesis focuses on the efficacy of the proposed customer cone and betweenness metrics as proxies for network market size and market power.
by Elisabeth M. Maida.
S.M.
S.M.in Technology and Policy

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Kiauzaris, Donatas. "Interneto teisės identifikavimo problema". Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2006. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2006~D_20060317_140950-34732.

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Magistriniame darbe nagrinėjama interneto teisės termino vartojimo tikslingumas, bei įvardijamos šio termino galimos alternatyvos, kurios sutinkamos moksliniuose darbuose. Apžvelgiami interneto teisei būdingi principai, jų teisinė paskirtis, bei įtaka. Vadovaujantis teisės teorijos sukurtais teisės šakos identifikavimo reikalavimais, iškeliama hipotezė, jog interneto teisė esanti atskira kompleksinė teisės šaka, bei pateikiamas šios teisės šakos apibrėžimas. Siekiant patvirtinti iškeltą hipotezę įvardijamos identifikacinės problemos (reguliavimo, jurisdikcijos) su kuriomis susiduria interneto teisė, ją taikant visuomeniniuose santykiuose, o taip pat šių problemų galimus sprendimus. Nustatoma ir pagrindžiama interneto teisės vieta teisės sistemoje ir jos vidinė struktūra. Trumpai aptariama Jungtinių Amerikos Valstijų, bei Lietuvos Respublikos teisinė praktika susijusi su interneto teise, bei galimi veiksmai siekiant padidinti šios teisės veikimo efektyvumą.
In Master’s Thesis discusses internet law term usage tendencies and expediency. Also it is setting forth the alternatives of this term which can be met in scholar studies. There is given review of basic internet law’s principles, their judicial purpose and influence. Main axes of internet law identification are requirements created by law theory and depending on them there have been raised hypothesis that internet law is a separate complexical law branch. There are shortly described Lithuanian and United State’s law practice based on internet law and the possibilities of raising the effectiveness of this law.

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Ruibytė, Agnė. "Žalingas interneto tinklapių turinys: reglamentavimas ir praktinės teisinės problemos". Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2006. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2005~D_20060317_142209-15675.

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The harmful Internet content, as one of the main problems related to the birth of Internet, has already attracted attention of international and national institutions. Regardless of two main problems arising in this field – the global nature of Internet and the subjective nature of malignancy, it‘s almost decade as European Union and the Council of Europe are trying to solve harmful Internet material related questions in such ways, that would be acceptable to all the region. The author of this work suggests that basis of Lithuanian law should be reviewed and the approach to the tendencies of international regulation should be more critical – special attention should be paid when implementing self-regulatory mechanisms.

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Young, Sherman. "An evaluation of the implementation of online services content regulation in Australia /". [St. Lucia, Qld], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18119.pdf.

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Williams, Elizabeth A., i n/a. "Regulating the Internet : privacy under the microscope". University of Canberra. Communication, 1997. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061114.094402.

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This thesis is an exploration of privacy as it relates to the Internet in general, and e-mail communication in particular. It looks at the philosophy of privacy and tracks the privacy debate in both an academic and legal framework. It examines the Australian Privacy Act of 1988 and similar legislation overseas. Current government approaches to privacy and privacy regulation are also examined providing a legislative/political context for the research. The fieldwork component of the thesis attempts to unravel individual perceptions of privacy. It overlays those perceptions of privacy with an examination of the effects of Internet technology on a conceptual understanding of privacy. There is no doubt that the discussion of privacy and the electronic age is extensive but discussion with individuals about their place in the debate and, indeed, the legislation is yet to be tackled in an extensive manner. Until we mesh the views of individuals in the community about their place in the new communications technology and privacy debate, we will not reap the full benefits of advances in communications technology. Consumers will remain reluctant about and suspicious of breaches of their privacy via the Internet.

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Hu, Ling, i 胡凌. "Shaping the virtual state: internet content regulation in China (1994-2009)". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46421701.

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Gazzaz, Osman Bakur. "Internet influence and regulation : a case study in Saudi Arabia". Thesis, University of Leicester, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/30569.

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This study focuses on how the country embraces the new technology of the Internet and its attendant effects while at the same time protecting the values and traditions which define the Saudi identity. This study also examines a range of theoretical and contextual debates that are relevant to the issues addressed in this research. Among the debates examined are: globalisation, Internet influence, censorship and regulation, sovereignty as well as the tensions emanating from interactions between political spaces and cultural flows. Materials for the study were collected through the use of in-depth interviews with top policy makers in Saudi Arabia as well as through the use of questionnaires to collect data on the views of the citizens of Saudi Arabia about their use of the Internet and views on Internet regulation in Saudi Arabia. The findings in the study indicate that while there is widespread adoption of the Internet in Saudi Arabia, there is still a wide range of debates on the extent to which it should be allowed a free reign in the society. While the arguments continue, the introduction of the Internet in Saudi Arabia has opened up a number of social and political spaces that might not be available without the Internet.

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Książki na temat "Internet regulation"

H, Smith Graham J., i Bird & Bird (Firm), red. Internet law and regulation. Wyd. 2. London: Sweet & Maxwell, 1999.

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Simon, Chalton, red. Internet law and regulation. Wyd. 3. London: Sweet & Maxwell, 2002.

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Hanley, Pam. Internet regulation: The way forward?. London: ITC, 2000.

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Regulation of securities on the Internet. Gaithersburg [Md.]: Aspen Law & Business, 2001.

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S, Cohen Ellen, red. Broadband Internet: Access, regulation, and policy. New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2007.

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Sorensen, Andrew. Trade practices and the internet. Pyrmont, N.S.W: Lawbook Co., 2003.

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Rikte, Katarina. Självsanering av Internet. Stockholm: Justitiedepartementet, 2003.

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Wallsten, Scott J. Regulation and internet use in Developing Countries. Washington, D.C: World Bank, 2003.

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Self-regulation in cyberspace. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2008.

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Brousseau, Eric, Meryem Marzouki i Cecile Meadel, red. Governance, Regulation and Powers on the Internet. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781139004145.

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Części książek na temat "Internet regulation"

Bhatt, Swati. "The Internet and Regulation". W How Digital Communication Technology Shapes Markets, 133–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47250-8_8.

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Lindenberg, Katajun, Sophie Kindt i Carolin Szász-Janocha. "Module 4: Emotion Regulation". W Internet Addiction in Adolescents, 115–30. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43784-8_9.

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Pia, Jeanne, i Mifsud Bonnici. "Self-Regulation of Internet Content". W Information Technology and Law Series, 33–75. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-6704-635-0_4.

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Polański, Przemyslaw Paul. "International Regulation of the Internet". W Information Technology & Law Series, 49–95. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-6704-469-1_4.

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Nair, Abhilash. "Introduction". W The Regulation of Internet Pornography, 1–10. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. | Series: Routledge research in IT and e-commerce law: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315726892-1.

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Nair, Abhilash. "Online child pornography". W The Regulation of Internet Pornography, 13–24. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. | Series: Routledge research in IT and e-commerce law: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315726892-2.

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Nair, Abhilash. "Transformation of child pornography laws". W The Regulation of Internet Pornography, 25–81. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. | Series: Routledge research in IT and e-commerce law: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315726892-3.

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Nair, Abhilash. "Virtual child pornography". W The Regulation of Internet Pornography, 82–97. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. | Series: Routledge research in IT and e-commerce law: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315726892-4.

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Nair, Abhilash. "Enforcement of child pornography laws". W The Regulation of Internet Pornography, 98–112. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. | Series: Routledge research in IT and e-commerce law: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315726892-5.

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Nair, Abhilash. "Extreme pornography". W The Regulation of Internet Pornography, 115–54. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. | Series: Routledge research in IT and e-commerce law: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315726892-6.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Internet regulation"

Feng, Xintong, Xiaoyi Wang i Ziming Yang. "Regulation on China Internet Finance". W 2021 3rd International Conference on Economic Management and Cultural Industry (ICEMCI 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.211209.484.

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Shirokanova, Anna, i Olga Silyutina. "Internet Regulation Media Coverage in Russia". W WebSci '18: 10th ACM Conference on Web Science. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3201064.3201102.

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Zhang, Xiaoyue. "Research on Internet Anti-monopoly Regulation". W 2021 International Conference on Social Science:Public Administration, Law and International Relations (SSPALIR 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210916.010.

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Wang, Na, i Jinguo Wang. "Development and Regulation of Medical Internet". W 2018 8th International Conference on Manufacturing Science and Engineering (ICMSE 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icmse-18.2018.14.

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"Genetic aspects of internet-dependence in teenagers". W Bioinformatics of Genome Regulation and Structure/ Systems Biology. institute of cytology and genetics siberian branch of the russian academy of science, Novosibirsk State University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/bgrs/sb-2020-160.

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Qiang Song i Gang Li. "Game Analysis on China's Internet Content Regulation". W 2008 International Seminar on Business and Information Management (ISBIM 2008). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isbim.2008.45.

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Jiang, Bo, Qingsu He i Junsheng Wang. "Internet Financial Regulation and Financial Consumer Protection". W 2016 7th International Conference on Education, Management, Computer and Medicine (EMCM 2016). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/emcm-16.2017.10.

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Song, Qiang, i Gang Li. "Cost-Benefit Analysis of China's Internet Content Regulation". W 2009 Fifth International Conference on Information Assurance and Security. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ias.2009.229.

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Myshok, Romana. "Political Video Blogging As Socio-Political Internet Behavior". W SOCIOLOGY – SOCIAL WORK AND SOCIAL WELFARE – REGULATION OF SOCIAL PROBLEMS. NDSAN (MFC - coordinator of the NDSAN), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32437/sswswproceedings-2020.rm.

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Sun, Yong, Baoju Li, Zhaorui Liu, Youshi Cui, Jiyue Fu i Yao Wang. "Frequency Regulation Strategy of Wind Farm Based on Frequency Deviation Regulation of Parallel Network". W 2021 IEEE 5th Conference on Energy Internet and Energy System Integration (EI2). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ei252483.2021.9713389.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Internet regulation"

Zhuo, Ran, Bradley Huffaker, KC Claffy i Shane Greenstein. The Impact of the General Data Protection Regulation on Internet Interconnection. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, listopad 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w26481.

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Jones, Emily, Beatriz Kira, Anna Sands i Danilo B. Garrido Alves. The UK and Digital Trade: Which way forward? Blavatnik School of Government, luty 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-wp-2021/038.

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The internet and digital technologies are upending global trade. Industries and supply chains are being transformed, and the movement of data across borders is now central to the operation of the global economy. Provisions in trade agreements address many aspects of the digital economy – from cross-border data flows, to the protection of citizens’ personal data, and the regulation of the internet and new technologies like artificial intelligence and algorithmic decision-making. The UK government has identified digital trade as a priority in its Global Britain strategy and one of the main sources of economic growth to recover from the pandemic. It wants the UK to play a leading role in setting the international standards and regulations that govern the global digital economy. The regulation of digital trade is a fast-evolving and contentious issue, and the US, European Union (EU), and China have adopted different approaches. Now that the UK has left the EU, it will need to navigate across multiple and often conflicting digital realms. The UK needs to decide which policy objectives it will prioritise, how to regulate the digital economy domestically, and how best to achieve its priorities when negotiating international trade agreements. There is an urgent need to develop a robust, evidence-based approach to the UK’s digital trade strategy that takes into account the perspectives of businesses, workers, and citizens, as well as the approaches of other countries in the global economy. This working paper aims to inform UK policy debates by assessing the state of play in digital trade globally. The authors present a detailed analysis of five policy areas that are central to discussions on digital trade for the UK: cross-border data flows and privacy; internet access and content regulation; intellectual property and innovation; e-commerce (including trade facilitation and consumer protection); and taxation (customs duties on e-commerce and digital services taxes). In each of these areas the authors compare and contrast the approaches taken by the US, EU and China, discuss the public policy implications, and examine the choices facing the UK.

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Solovyanenko, Nina I. ЮРИДИЧЕСКИЕ СТРАТЕГИИ ЦИФРОВОЙ ТРАНСФОРМАЦИИ АГРАРНОГО БИЗНЕСА. DOI CODE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/0131-5226-2021-70004.

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t.The development of global agricultural production and food trade in recent decades implies a digital transformation and the transition to a new technological order, which is an essential factor for sustainable development. Digitalization of agriculture and the food sector is carried out on the basis of IT 2 platforms, the Internet of Things, cloud computing, big data, artificial intelligence, and blockchain technology. Fragmented and unclear legal mechanisms, slow updating of legal regulation hinder the introduction of digital solutions. A modern regulatory framework based on digital strategies should strengthen the confidence of farmers in "smart agriculture". In Russia, the legal mechanism of strategic planning covers the development of the national platform "Digital Agriculture". Digital strategies also include updating basic legislation.

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Bergsen, Pepijn, Carolina Caeiro, Harriet Moynihan, Marianne Schneider-Petsinger i Isabella Wilkinson. Digital trade and digital technical standards. Royal Institute of International Affairs, styczeń 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55317/9781784135133.

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There is increasing impetus for stronger cooperation between the US, EU and UK on digital technology governance. Drivers of this trend include the economic incentives arising from opportunities for digital trade; the ambition for digital technology governance to be underpinned by shared values, including support for a democratic, open and global internet; and the need to respond to geopolitical competition, especially from China. Two specific areas of governance in which there is concrete potential to collaborate, and in which policymakers have indicated significant ambitions to do so, are digital trade and digital technical standards. - To leverage strategic opportunities for digital trade, the US, EU and UK need to continue identifying and promoting principles based on shared values and agendas, and demonstrate joint leadership at the global level, including in the World Trade Organization (WTO) on e-commerce. - Policy actors in the US, EU and UK should work individually and collectively to build on the latest generation of digital trade agreements. This will help to promote closer alignment on digital rules and standards, and support the establishment of more up-to-date models for innovation and governance. - Collaborating on digital technical standards, particularly those underlying internet governance and emerging technologies, offers the US, EU and UK strategic opportunities to build a vision of digital technology governance rooted in multi-stakeholder participation and democratic values. This can provide a strong alternative to standards proposals such as China’s ‘New IP’ system. - Policy actors should seek to expand strategic cooperation on standards development among the US, EU and UK, among like-minded countries, and among states that are undecided on the direction of their technology governance, including in the Global South. They should also take practical steps to incorporate the views and expertise of the technology industry, the broader private sector, academia and civil society. By promoting best-practice governance models that are anticipatory, dynamic and flexible, transatlantic efforts for cooperation on digital regulation can better account for the rapid pace of technological change. Early evidence of this more forward-looking approach is emerging through the EU’s proposed regulation of digital services and artificial intelligence (AI), and in the UK’s proposed legislation to tackle online harms. The recently launched EU-US Trade and Technology Council is a particularly valuable platform for strengthening cooperation in this arena. But transatlantic efforts to promote a model of digital governance predicated on democratic values would stand an even greater chance of success if the council’s work were more connected to efforts by the UK and other leading democracies

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de Figueiredo, John, i Rui J. P. de Figueiredo. The Allocation of Resources by Interest Groups: Lobbying, Litigation and Administrative Regulation. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, czerwiec 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w8981.

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Colomb, Claire, i Tatiana Moreira de Souza. Regulating Short-Term Rentals: Platform-based property rentals in European cities: the policy debates. Property Research Trust, maj 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52915/kkkd3578.

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Short-term rentals mediated by digital platforms have positive and negative impacts that are unevenly distributed among socio-economic groups and places. Detrimental impacts on the housing market and quality of life of long-term residents have been particular contentious in some cities. • In the 12 cities studied in the report (Amsterdam, Barcelona, Berlin, Brussels, Lisbon, London, Madrid, Milan, Paris, Prague, Rome and Vienna), city governments have responded differently to the growth of short-term rentals. • The emerging local regulations of short-term rentals take multiple forms and exhibit various degrees of stringency, ranging from rare cases of laissez-faire to a few cases of partial prohibition or strict quantitative control. Most city governments have sought to find a middle-ground approach that differentiates between the professional rental of whole units and the occasional rental of one’s home/ primary residence. • The regulation of short-term rentals is contentious and highly politicised. Six broad categories of interest groups and non-state actors actively participate in the debates with contrasting positions: advocates of the ‘sharing’ or ‘collaborative’ economy; corporate platforms; professional organisatons of short-term rental operators; new associations of hosts or ‘home-sharers’; the hotel and hospitality industry; and residents’ associations/citizens’ movements. • All city governments face difficulties in implementing and enforcing the regulations, due to a lack of sufficient resources and to the absence of accurate and comprehensive data on individual hosts. That data is held by corporate platforms, which have generally not accepted to release it (with a few exceptions) nor to monitor the content of their listings against local rules. • The relationships between platforms and city governments have oscillated between collaboration and conflict. Effective implementation is impossible without the cooperation of platforms. • In the context of the European Union, the debate has taken a supranational dimension, as two pieces of EU law frame the possibility — and acceptable forms — of regulation of online platforms and of short-term rentals in EU member states: the 2000 E-Commerce Directive and the 2006 Services Directive. • For regulation to be effective, the EU legal framework should be revised to ensure platform account- ability and data disclosure. This would allow city (and other ti ers of) governments to effectively enforce the regulations that they deem appropriate. • Besides, national and regional governments, who often control the legislative framework that defines particular types of short-term rentals, need to give local governments the necessary tools to be able to exercise their ‘right to regulate’ in the name of public interest objectives.

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Cnaani, Avner, Gordon Grau, Darren Lerner i Sheenan Harpaz. Gastrointestinal osmoregulatory activity in Tilapia and its effects on growth, an opportunity for fish diet developments. United States Department of Agriculture, lipiec 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7594393.bard.

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Fish living in freshwater and seawater environments experience constant osmotic pressure between their internal body and the surrounding water. Regulation of ion and water balance under these conditions is highly energetic demanding, and eventually, affects the fish growth. While the role of the gills in osmoregulation was extensively studied, the osmoregulatory activity of the gastrointestinal tract is less known. In this study we characterized the tilapia intestine as a multifunctional organ, having a role in both nutrition and in ion regulation. We studied the pituitary endocrine regulation of intestinal salinity adaptation, the salinity-dependent physiological activity along different intestinal sections, and specific genes that are linking nutrient absorption with ion and acid-base regulation. The results of this study indicate that different intestinal sections developed various specific activities. Their endocrine regulation is now better understood, a large data-set of salinity dependent gene transcript was developed, as well as new tools and methods to study new aspects of intestinal physiology.

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Morales, Paola, Daniel Osorio-Rodíguez, Juan S. Lemus-Esquivel i Miguel Sarmiento. The internationalization of domestic banks and the credit channel of monetary policy. Banco de la República, listopad 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.1181.

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How does the expansion of domestic banks in international markets affect the bank lending channel of monetary policy? Using bank-firm loan-level data, we find that loan growth and loan rates from international banks respond less to monetary policy changes than domestic banks and that internationalization partially mitigates the risk-taking channel of monetary policy. Banks with a large international presence tend to tolerate more their credit risk exposition relative to domestic banks. Moreover, international banks tend to rely more on foreign funding when policy rates change, allowing them to insulate better the monetary policy changes from their credit supply than domestic banks. This result is consistent with the predictions of the internal capital markets hypothesis. We also show that macroprudential FX regulation reduces banks with high FX exposition access to foreign funding, ultimately contributing to monetary policy transmission. Overall, our results suggest that the internationalization of banks lowers the potency of the bank lending channel. Furthermore, it diminishes the risk-taking channel of monetary policy within the limit established by macroprudential FX regulations.

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Marsden, Eric. La relation contrôleur-contrôlé dans les activités industrielles à risque. Fondation pour une culture de sécurité industrielle, marzec 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.57071/723uib.

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This document concerns the regulatory oversight and governance of high-hazard industrial activities. A complex set of laws, regulations and institutions contribute to the social control of these activities, reinforcing and serving as a complement to the risk prevention mechanisms put in place by operating companies. This document focuses in particular on the relationship between regulators and the regulated entities and the impact of the quality of this relationship on industrial safety. The scope is the prevention of major accident hazards in different industry sectors (process industry, transport, energy), in France and at an international level. The document addresses a broad range of meanings for the term “regulator”, including the entities and people who play an official role in regulatory control and societal governance: legislators, control authorities, inspectors, as well as certified third parties with a mandate to control specific activities, and the internal risk control organizations within firms. This document aims to outline the impacts of the regulator-regulatee relationship, its contribution to the governance and control of major accident hazards, and the factors that determine the quality of this relationship and its capacity to contribute to safety.

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Ohad, Nir, i Robert Fischer. Regulation of Fertilization-Independent Endosperm Development by Polycomb Proteins. United States Department of Agriculture, styczeń 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7695869.bard.

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Arabidopsis mutants that we have isolated, encode for fertilization-independent endosperm (fie), fertilization-independent seed2 (fis2) and medea (mea) genes, act in the female gametophyte and allow endosperm to develop without fertilization when mutated. We cloned the FIE and MEA genes and showed that they encode WD and SET domain polycomb (Pc G) proteins, respectively. Homologous proteins of FIE and MEA in other organisms are known to regulate gene transcription by modulating chromatin structure. Based on our results, we proposed a model whereby both FIE and MEA interact to suppress transcription of regulatory genes. These genes are transcribed only at proper developmental stages, as in the central cell of the female gametophyte after fertilization, thus activating endosperm development. To test our model, the following questions were addressed: What is the Composition and Function of the Polycomb Complex? Molecular, biochemical, genetic and genomic approaches were offered to identify members of the complex, analyze their interactions, and understand their function. What is the Temporal and Spatial Pattern of Polycomb Proteins Accumulation? The use of transgenic plants expressing tagged FIE and MEA polypeptides as well as specific antibodies were proposed to localize the endogenous polycomb complex. How is Polycomb Protein Activity Controlled? To understand the molecular mechanism controlling the accumulation of FIE protein, transgenic plants as well as molecular approaches were proposed to determine whether FIE is regulated at the translational or posttranslational levels. The objectives of our research program have been accomplished and the results obtained exceeded our expectation. Our results reveal that fie and mea mutations cause parent-of-origin effects on seed development by distinct mechanisms (Publication 1). Moreover our data show that FIE has additional functions besides controlling the development of the female gametophyte. Using transgenic lines in which FIE was not expressed or the protein level was reduced during different developmental stages enabled us for the first time to explore FIE function during sporophyte development (Publication 2 and 3). Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that FIE, a single copy gene in the Arabidopsis genome, represses multiple developmental pathways (i.e., endosperm, embryogenesis, shot formation and flowering). Furthermore, we identified FIE target genes, including key transcription factors known to promote flowering (AG and LFY) as well as shoot and leaf formation (KNAT1) (Publication 2 and 3), thus demonstrating that in plants, as in mammals and insects, PcG proteins control expression of homeobox genes. Using the Yeast two hybrid system and pull-down assays we demonstrated that FIE protein interact with MEA via the N-terminal region (Publication 1). Moreover, CURLY LEAF protein, an additional member of the SET domain family interacts with FIE as well. The overlapping expression patterns of FIE, with ether MEA or CLF and their common mutant phenotypes, demonstrate the versatility of FIE function. FIE association with different SET domain polycomb proteins, results in differential regulation of gene expression throughout the plant life cycle (Publication 3). In vitro interaction assays we have recently performed demonstrated that FIE interacts with the cell cycle regulatory component Retinobalsoma protein (pRb) (Publication 4). These results illuminate the potential mechanism by which FIE may restrain embryo sac central cell division, at least partly, through interaction with, and suppression of pRb-regulated genes. The results of this program generated new information about the initiation of reproductive development and expanded our understanding of how PcG proteins regulate developmental programs along the plant life cycle. The tools and information obtained in this program will lead to novel strategies which will allow to mange crop plants and to increase crop production.

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