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Gray, Jennifer Mary Knightley. "A study of Babylonian goal-year planetary astronomy." Thesis, Durham University, 2009. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/101/.
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Throughout the Late Babylonian Period, Mesopotamian astronomers made nightly observations of the planets, Moon and stars. Based on these observations, they developed several different techniques for predicting future astronomical events. The present study aims to improve our understanding of a particular empirical method of prediction, which made use of planetary periods – a period of time over which a planet‘s motion recurs very closely – to predict that planet‘s future motion. Various planetary periods are referred to in many Late Babylonian astronomical texts. By collecting together these periods and analysing their effectiveness, it was found that, generally, the most effective of the planetary periods were those which were used in the production of a particular type of text known as a Goal-Year Text. The Goal-Year Texts contain excerpts of astronomical observational records, with the planetary records having been taken from particular observation years with these planetary periods in mind – such that each planet‘s motion will recur during the same, specific, future year. It has been suggested that they form an intermediate step towards the compilation of the non-mathematical predictive texts known as Almanacs and Normal Star Almanacs. An analysis of theoretically calculated dates of planetary events showed that, if the Goal-Year Texts were to be used as a source for making empirical predictions, particular corrections (specific to each planet) would need to be applied to the dates of the planetary records found in the Goal-Year Texts. These corrections take the form of regular corrections to the day of an event (a ―date correction‖), and more irregular corrections of ±1 month (a ―month shift‖). An extensive investigation of the Babylonian non-mathematical texts demonstrated that the observed differences in the dates of events, when comparing equivalent records in all known extant Almanacs and Normal Star Almanacs with those in the Goal-Year Texts, were extremely consistent with theoretical expectations. This lends considerable support to the theory that the Goal-Year Texts‘ records formed the ―raw data‖ used in the compilation of the Almanacs and Normal Star Almanacs. It was also possible to analyse several other aspects of Late Babylonian non-mathematical astronomy during the course of this study. These topics include the usage of particular stars in the predictive texts, the meaning of certain terminology found in records of the Babylonian zodiacal signs, and the specific issues related to the planet Mercury‘s periods of visibility and invisibility. Therefore, this investigation enhances many aspects of our knowledge of Late Babylonian astronomical practices.
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Slack, Nathan William. "Simulations for the International X-ray Observatory." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2011. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1576/.
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The subject of this thesis is the simulation of X-ray cluster surveys and related issues, with a focus on the research that can be conducted with the International X-ray Observatory (IXO), or a similar next-generation X-ray observatory. A general purpose X-ray image simulator has been developed. It uses a modern cosmological simulation and cluster scaling relations to produce simulated cluster images that are well motivated by theory and observation. A distribution of point sources and various instrumental effects are also included. The simulator is complemented by a source identification method. The IXO selection function is mapped over a varying surface brightness parameter space. Simulated IXO surveys are used to explore the biases present in X-ray cluster surveys. These reveal that it is necessary to correct for biases using a detailed and carefully applied selection function to recover the true evolution of the luminosity-temperature relation. This is crucial for shallow surveys. Simulations of IXO using different angular resolutions are found to have only a minor effect on the number and distribution of detected clusters.
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Inthanoochai, Kamron. "Industrial development in Thailand : the five-year development plans and their implementation." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.237280.
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Appiah, Eric Kweku. "Factors that Impact International Students’ Learning of Introductory Physics at Georgia State University." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/phy_astr_theses/13.
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This study uses a combination of quantitative and qualitative enquiry to focus on determining the most salient factors that affect international students’ learning of introductory physics in Georgia State University. For purposes of the study, “international students” were defined as those who attended high school in a country other than the US. These students comprise a significant portion of the physics courses at Georgia State, and this study was motivated by the desire to support their success. The study involved a collaboration with the newly emerging Physics and Astronomy Education Research Group who has recently begun the routine collection of student learning data in all of its introductory physics courses. The factors considered in the research design were informed by the literature on student learning for all students while including the possibility of new factors emerging in interviews with international students. Factors probed included students’ previous study of mathematics, previous study of physics, language issues, pedagogical differences (i.e., style of teaching, classroom culture & environment) between GSU and the student’s country of origin. For international students who are proficient in English, classroom environment and culture (pedagogy) emerged as the most important factor. For International students who are not very proficient in English, language remains the most important factor. The effect of language issues on international students’ learning of physics turned out to be more complex than originally considered. Some students understood instructors differently depending on what country the students come from and on what country the instructor comes from. Instructor office hours and general accessibility for addressing questions emerged as especially important options for international students who felt uncomfortable asking questions in front of the whole class. An unanticipated outcome of the study was to discover how the vast differences in the structure of high school mathematics education in non-US countries has serious implications for the way we advise and query international students in physics vis-à-vis their academic background before entering Georgia State. Moreover, the study revealed that students who had taken a high school physics course generally scored no better than those who had not taken a high school course on a pre-test of conceptual knowledge in physics. However, students who had taken a physics class in high school had dramatically higher learning gains when given a post-test near the end of the Georgia State physics course. This phenomenon suggests that more consideration should be given to prior course-work in combination with a diagnostic pre-test to advise students about which math and physics courses to take when they arrive at Georgia State.
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Nicolas, Julien Pierre. "Atmospheric Change in Antarctica since the 1957-1958 International Geophysical Year." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1397747086.
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Darby, Mark Gene. "UNDERSTANDING WHY INTERNATIONAL STUDENT APPLICANTS CHOOSE A PUBLIC FOUR-YEAR INSTITUTION." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/132.
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The purpose of Understanding Why International Student Applicants Choose a Public Four-Year Institution was to apply a mixed-methods research approach to California State University, San Bernardino’s (CSUSB) international student population to better understand the factors associated with an international student’s decision-making processing to study abroad.
Internationalization by institutions reflects the current two million international students studying around the world. In recent years internationalization has become more of an economic driving force, whereas in the past it was an opportunity for diversifying knowledge and research. Studies on push and pull factors reflect reasons why international students have decided to go abroad. Factors range from lack of access at home institutions for various programs to the desire to learn about Western culture. Seeing as the population of these studies is so diverse ethnically and culturally, it is important to be mindful of the various forms of capital students possess as an international student and the uniqueness this brings to each students experience.
A questionnaire was utilized to gather quantitative data to provide descriptive statistics of the population, and interviews were conducted with participants to acquire the rich stories. The questionnaire submissions resulted in 52 returned surveys for a response rate of five percent. Six interviews were conducted, which provided a diverse group of international student representation for the analysis of the rich text allowing for a strong understanding of this specific case study.
Based on the interviews conducted, responses reflected many of those that previous studies found. All but one interviewee mentioned the costs of attending as a deciding factor. Reputation of the institution and prestige of a US degree were also factors mentioned by the majority of participants. Both participants from African countries mentioned a lack of program availability as a reason to go abroad, while both Indian participants mentioned the desire to work after graduating for experience before returning home. Interestingly, most participants mentioned a connected family member to either the institution itself or the state of California as a reason for choosing CSUSB.
The data that were collected for the purposes of this study did show some correlation to previous studies findings. The qualitative data proved useful in better understanding the needs of specific students, while also alluding to potential geographic considerations that need to be had when recruiting abroad and meeting the needs of international students around the world.
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Van, Den Elzen Brad L. "Ports of entry an exploration of international undergraduate sojourners' first year experiences /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1164678550.
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Saleh, Mustafa Jamal. "Foreign aid efficiency in Jordan during the three cycles of the five year development plan ( 1976-1990)." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.331983.
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Richardson, Noel Douglas. "A Five-Year Spectroscopic and Photometric Campaign on the Supergiant Star Deneb." See Full Text at OhioLINK ETD Center (Requires Adobe Acrobat Reader for viewing), 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=toledo1153428105.
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Aljassim, Mohammad A. "A 6-Year Study of Long Period Variable Stars in the Globular Cluster NGC 6388." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1499442952467274.
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Lowe, Leroy. "Improving student's intrinsic motivation levels in a two year college international business diploma program." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0019/MQ56789.pdf.
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Barker, Thomas S. "The Status of the Implementation of International Education in Texas Four-Year Colleges and Universities: a Comprehensive Study." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1994. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278649/.
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This study examined international education programs in Texas 4-year colleges and universities to determine how they compare to models found in the literature. A second purpose of the study was to compare Texas 4-year colleges and universities with out-of state benchmark institutions with a history of international education programs for over a decade. Areas examined in the study were: (a) administration of international education; (b) instructional activities of international education; (c) international student support services; and (d) outreach both in the community and abroad.
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Lamm, Tamara Lee Burton. "Curriculum development of Elang 105 : a GE first-year academic literacy course for international students /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2005. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1135.pdf.
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Conner, Jerusha Osberg. "Student engagement during the senior year : experiences with the international baccalaureate diploma program's extended essay /." May be available electronically:, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.
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Moe, Leslie D. McCarthy John R. "Evaluation of marketing strategies for the recruitment of international students to United States four-year institutions." Normal, Ill. Illinois State University, 1997. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ilstu/fullcit?p9819896.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Illinois State University, 1997.<br>Title from title page screen, viewed June 29, 2006. Dissertation Committee: John McCarthy (chair), George Padavil, Rodney Riegle, William Tolone. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 115-127) and abstract. Also available in print.
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Moglen, Daniel Justin. "Social Environments, Writing Support Networks, and Academic Writing| A Study of First Year International Graduate Students." Thesis, University of California, Davis, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10264425.
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<p> This dissertation is an inquiry into the social experiences of first year international graduate students, and how those social experiences inform their academic writing development. Drawing from the sociocognitive perspective (Atkinson, 2002; Lantolf, 2000), this study recognizes that the university is social in nature, and language learning occurs in the mind, body, and world (Atkinson et al., 2007). The international graduate students in this study were recruited from the first quarter academic writing class in fall 2014 (n=113), and were surveyed at four time points throughout the academic year. The dissertation focuses on four students, Luiza from Brazil, Camila from Chile, Q from Korea, and Kira from China as illustrative examples of the social environments that students have as well as trajectories of writing development. The focal students participated in three interviews throughout the year and written texts were also collected at three time points (at the end of the fall, winter, and spring quarters). Findings from the students’ social environments suggest that students tend to gravitate towards co-nationals in social settings. In terms of receiving writing support, students in the study relied primarily of colleagues and friends, followed by professors. Writing tutors and family members were sought out the least for writing support. Peers tended to be more accessible and approachable than professors, while professors were rated as more helpful than peers. In terms of the writing development of the students, this study focuses on clausal, phrasal, and lexical complexity. Findings from the textual analysis portion suggest that the writing of the focal students became more complex based on these measurements. In particular, students generally scored higher on the number of modifiers per noun phrase measure throughout the year, suggesting that their noun phrases were becoming more complex, although there were some deviations to this pattern. Also, students used more words from the academic word list and field specific jargon throughout the year. The implications of this study are relevant to writing professors, STEM professors, international student services, and the university as a whole.</p><p>
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David, Timothy Wemimo. "Investigation of plasma upwellings from the Earth's upper atmosphere during the International Polar Year 2007 campaign." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/40448.
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EISCAT Svalbard Radar data, obtained during the IPY-ESR 2007 campaign at a period of deep solar minimum, has been examined to study ionospheric upflow events with fluxes exceeding 10¹³m⁻²s⁻¹. Ion upflow newly categorized, classifies the upflow events into low, medium and high flux upflows, and the incidence and seasonal distribution of these different classes are discussed. Over 300,000 field-aligned profiles have been considered and analysed. It is observed that, while high upflow fluxes are comparatively rare, low flux upflow events are a frequent phenomenon. Analysis of the ESR data shows that the occurrence frequency of the upward flux maximizes around local noon for all levels of upflow, with occurrence peaks of 31%, 16% and 2% being observed for low, medium and high upflow fluxes respectively during geomagnetically disturbed periods. Analysis of the seasonal distribution reveals that while high-flux upflow has its peak around local noon in the summer, with its occurrence being driven predominantly by high geomagnetic disturbance, the occurrence of low-flux upflow is broadly distributed across all seasons, geomagnetic activity conditions and times of day. The ambipolar electric force drives upflows about seven times more frequently as the Joule heating mechanism. This study finds that, though rare, Poynting flux leads to substantial upflow flux of 4.67×1013 m−2 s−1 even in the absence of precipitating flux. Upflow occurrence was found to correlate better with solar wind density than speed, and fits better with number density and dynamic pressure below about 20 cm−3 and 5 nPa respectively. Moreover, it was found that occurrence maximizes when the IMF clock angle is southward however, analysis showed a preference for duskward asymmetry of the cusp in comparison to dawnward’s. Analysis shows that reconnection is not compulsory for upflow flux, but only enhances its occurrence.
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Harris, Jenny Lynn Mcgee. "The Silent Majority: Conservative Perception, Mobilization, and Rhetoric at the Utah State International Women's Year Conference." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2005. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd703.pdf.
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Pullen, Carrie A. "A phenomenological study of families who participate in long term independent international travel| The family gap year." Thesis, Pepperdine University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3713885.
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<p> Moustakas (1994) emphasizes that phenomenological study arises from the experiences and passions of the researcher that in turn focus and drive the research. This researcher’s own experiences include a 9-month trip around the world with my family that led me to conduct this study exploring the phenomenon of the family gap year. Existing research focuses on the traditional gap year taken by a young person in between graduation from high school and beginning college. This study seeks to add to that knowledge by exploring the related, but also unique, experience of families who take an extended time period off from career and formal school in order to participate together in a multi-continent international trip. The study addresses why families may decide to take such a trip, what they hope to gain from such an experience and whether or not the trip actually met those expectations. It is also attempts to establish whether or not any changes in family members were identified by participants and believed to be attributable to the experience of the family gap year. Findings from this study indicate that the families examined chose this experience because of a desire to travel and see the world with their children. Subjects agreed that the experience met or exceeded expectations in that it provided a unique opportunity to learn about other peoples and cultures and also provided concentrated time to be together and grow closer as a family. Subjects also however referred to less desirable aspects of the trip related to the maintenance required to keep the family on the road, such as travel planning and laundry. Finally many of the participants in the study referenced learning and personal growth in family members that they attributed to the experience of the family gap year. Together these findings represent an early effort to establish an understanding of the phenomenon of the family gap year.</p>
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Bonnand, Chloe. "Mixed-Method Study Exploring International Students' Career Readiness at a Four-Year Private University in the Midwest." Thesis, Lindenwood University, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=13863432.
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<p> This study explored international students’ career readiness in a four-year, private university in the Midwest. In order to measure career readiness, the researcher reviewed three factors: financial support, academic major, and country of origin. International students graduating in May 2018 received a survey from the researcher on career readiness. A total of 38 students completed the survey. The final question of the survey was an invitation to participate in an individual interview and/or a focus group. The qualitative data from the survey showed that financial support impacted international students’ career readiness. International students with financial support were more prepared to enter the workforce than students who did not have financial support. Academic majors also impacted career readiness. Students with Business majors pointed out that due to the numerous different fields within the field of Business, it was difficult to show proficiency in one area needed by an employer. Students pursuing other degrees such as Science and Education had a clear idea of the steps to take after graduation and what employers were looking for in new graduates. Country of origin did not have an impact on career readiness as all international students pointed out the difficulties and uncertainties met after graduation due to the immigration restrictions on student and work visas in the United States.</p><p>
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Claflin, Ray III. "CURRENT TIME SCALES AND CHALLENGES: GPS 1999 WNRO AND THE YEAR 2000." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/608442.
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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 25-28, 1999 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada<br>This paper describes the current internationally recognized atomic time scales of International Atomic Time (TAI), Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), and Global Positioning System (GPS) Time as well as solar based Universal Time. The concept of Leap Seconds and the differences between the time scales are discussed. A brief history of the international agreements that created organizations responsible for maintaining these time scales is provided. A brief review of the GPS 1999 (Week Number Roll Over) WNRO with its potential GPS user problems is provided. Prudent personal precautions are proposed for the Year 2000 (Y2K) Rollover.
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Siczek, Megan Margaret. "Negotiating Socioacademic Space| The Lived Experience of International Second-Language Students in a Mainstream First-year Writing Course." Thesis, The George Washington University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3633219.
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<p> This research study was situated in the policy context of the internationalization of higher education, motivated by the increased presence of culturally and linguistically diverse students in U.S. educational settings and elevated discourses related to student global engagement. It explored the lived experience of 10 second-language (L2) speaking international students enrolled in a mainstream required writing course at a private, urban university in Washington, DC. This study investigated how participants experienced and understood being a part of this required writing course, and more specifically how the thematic nature of the course mediated their experience. This research conceived of a classroom as a socioacademic space, a shared environment where course content and formal academic tasks are combined with mediated social interactions among members of the classroom community. It engaged a hermeneutic phenomenological research approach to tap into both the details of the lived experience and how it was made sense of by the participants who experienced it. Through a series of three interviews, at the beginning, middle, and end of the semester, participants revealed their sociocultural histories, the arc of the lived experience over time, and their reflection on the experience at the end of the semester. </p><p> Findings for this study were organized along four major themes: The context for mobility; Entering the first-year writing course: Hopeful but unsure; The negotiation of the FYW experience: Interactions; Reflection on the lived experience: You get what you put in. Findings highlighted the significance of interactions in socioacademic settings, as well as the strategic ways L2 students responded to both the classroom environment and the tasks it required. The course topic was also found to have a strong influence over participants' experiences, though writing clearly occupied more of their attention during the second half of the semester. The findings of this study add dimension to our understanding of this phenomenon; further develop the literature bases of the internationalization of higher education, second-language writing, and first-year writing; and have implications for future research, institutional arrangements and attitudes, and curricular and pedagogical approaches. </p>
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Hammarsten, Michael. "A statistical study of incoherent scatter plasma line enhancements during the International Polar Year ’07-’08 in Svalbard." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Rymdteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-60158.
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There was a large radar campaign during 2007 and 2008, the International Polar Year (IPY),and at that time the EISCAT Svalbard Radar was operated and measured the ionosphere continuouslyat most times. This report presents statistical results from an electron enhancementpoint of view. Until now there has been some research into the field and results based on theions in the ionosphere, and the enhancements we refer to as Naturally enhanced ion acousticlines (NEIALs). Plasma line data from May 2007 to February 2008 has been analysed inorder to find and classify enhancements as NEIALs have been classified but with respect tothe electron distribution instead of the ion distribution. A method of detection was developedin order to differentiate the enhancements from the background with a relation between theminimum and maximum power of each measured dump. Results show that there is a largedifference between the downshifted plasma lines and the upshifted plasma lines, both has arange distribution peak at 180 km and the upshifted plasma line has another peak at 230 kmwhich the downshifted plasma line does not. The occurrence rate of the enhancements was1.64 % for the downshifted plasma line and 4.69 % for the upshifted plasma line. Threedifferent types of enhancements are classified using the variance distribution for the peakfrequency of that detected dump, Single, Profile, and Diffuse. The Single enhancements havea bit different spectral, range, and time of day distributions than of the Profile and Diffusedistributions. The Diffuse classifications are mostly wrong classifications and aliasing and itis very similar to Profile enhancements as seen by its distribution.
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Zhang, Jie. "An analysis of the tuition price elasticity of international undergraduates at four-year institutions in the United States." Thesis, University of Missouri - Columbia, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10157766.
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<p> The purpose of this study is to examine how out-of-state tuition and fees affects international undergraduate enrollment at U.S. four-year institutions. This study adopts the student demand theory as the theoretical framework to guide the quantitative design of the research. The data source was the Delta Cost Project version of IPEDS. The dependent variable of this study was the total number of international undergraduate enrollment at a four-year institution. The key independent variable was the out-of-state tuition and fees charged by an institution. Additionally, three vectors of variables for measuring the quality of institutional inputs, process, and outputs respectively were added as controls. Analytically, fixed effects regression was conducted to both a full sample data range from 1991 to 2010 and a shorter sample focused on the specific period of 2005-2010. The results of this study suggest international undergraduate students are generally inelastic to the changes of tuition and fees during the last two decades (1991- 2010), but tend to become less inelastic in recent years (2005-2010). However, this general inelastic relationship between international undergraduate enrollment and tuition and fees can vary significantly across different institution types. The findings of this study have important implications to student demand theory, institutional policy-making and future research.</p>
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Orth, Ashley Mark. "International students' perceptions of their experience of higher education in Australia: A focus on Saudi Arabian students in their first year of a business course in a major Australian university." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2015. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/84623/4/Ashley_Orth_Thesis.pdf.
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This study examined perceptions of international students from Saudi Arabia living and studying in Australia. As a qualitative study that featured case study methodology, the thesis discusses the experiences of Saudi Arabian students in the light of two important factors: students' expectations prior to coming to Australia and the impact of intercultural competency on students' experiences. The study found that while study participants reported mostly positive experiences, there were challenges faced such as coping with English language and culture shock. The thesis culminates in a comprehensive list of implications for educators in the light of the study's findings.
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Potgieter, Damien. "An analysis of the turn-of-the-year effect in South African equity returns." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007605.
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This study investigates FTSE/JSE All Share index monthly and daily equity returns for evidence of the January and TY effect. Four different measures of monthly return are analysed for the 1995-2006 period, whilst daily returns are analysed during the 1995-2005 period. In addition to this, analysis is conducted on monthly Fama-MacBeth risk premium estimates tor the FTSE/JSE All Share Index. Descriptive statistics are first analysed, followed by ANOV A or Kruskai-Wallis tests, the paired t-test and finally dummy variable regression analysis in investigating the seasonality of FTSE/JSE All Share Index returns and risk premia. Analysis on monthly returns reveals an absence of the January effect, however a positive slightly statistically significant December effect is found. Thus, investors earn abnormal returns on equity during the month of December. The results from the Fama-MacBeth risk premia estimates reveals highly statistically significant negative risk premia seasonal patterns during March, July and September. Thus, investors are in fact penalised for investing in equities during these months. In addition, the analysis reveals an absence of a December effect in risk premia, which contradicts the risk-return trade-off central to modem finance. The daily return analysis reveals a highly significant Turn-of-the-Year effect (TY), which suggests that investors earn abnormal returns on days at the turn of the year. Therefore, it is concluded that a December effect is apparent in South African equity monthly returns, whilst a March, July and September effect is apparent in South African equity risk premia contradicting the risk-return trade-off central to modem finance. In addition to this, a TY effect is present in South African equity daily returns.
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Antonino, Raffaello. "The crossroad : experiences of non-EU/EEA international Masters students in their last year of study in the UK." Thesis, London Metropolitan University, 2017. http://repository.londonmet.ac.uk/1218/.
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Background: International students (IS) are arguably a population facing both educational and migratory challenges. These are understood within Culture Shock (CS, Oberg, 1960), a process of culture learning. Available literature on IS seems to focus mainly on the phases of CS between the arrival in the host country until adaptation, or at the later stage of returning home. The last part of the IS journey in the host country, before the possible return home, appears neglected. Research suggests that in this period, named the ‘crossroad’ in this study, important decisions could be made, such as whether to stay in or leave the host country. Rationale: Internal struggles, dilemmas and uncertainty can arise due to the possible changes to self that IS can develop while abroad, and could be exacerbated by immigration laws. Thus, the crossroad can be a phase of psychological struggle, which can be of interest to mental health professionals. There is limited qualitative evidence on this sub-phase of CS on IS and this research attempts to address this gap by looking holistically at the subjective experiences of these students and letting their specific psychological needs arise. Methodology and main findings: An interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) was chosen for this research, using semi-structured interviews. Three superordinate themes emerged from the analysis of the transcripts: a) Changes to self and identity; b) Uncertainty, temporariness and emotional responses; c) Dilemmas at the crossroad. The crossroad emerged from the results as a phase dominated by uncertainty towards the future, leading to experiencing difficult emotions such as worry, anxiety and low mood. From the participants’ accounts, it seemed that the limitations imposed by the UK immigration law were the main trigger for such uncertainty, and that IS perceived their circumstances as largely out of their control. The IS’ psychological and emotional responses seemed connected with having developed a sense of belongingness to the UK, resulting from a process of changes to self and identity experienced during their time abroad.
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Zienczuk, Natalia. "High-sugar drinks, acculturation and obesity in the Canadian high Arctic: International polar year Inuit health survey, 2007-2008." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=103753.
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Inuit populations of northern Canada have a high prevalence of overweight and obesity based on BMI and waist circumference. Increasing obesity prevalence has been observed among Inuit over the past few decades, during which time Inuit have also undergone an acculturation process resulting in decreased hunting and harvesting activities, settlement in towns and villages, and increased consumption of a diet rich in carbohydrates, particularly refined carbohydrates, saturated fat, and trans fat with implications for emerging obesity and obesity-related chronic diseases among Inuit. Data from the cross-sectional International Polar Year Inuit Health Survey conducted in 2007 and 2008 investigated the correlates of an at-risk BMI (>25 kg/m2) among Inuit adult participants from thirty-six communities across the Canadian Arctic. The overall prevalence of an at-risk BMI was 64%. Consumption of high-sugar drinks (>13% of total energy intake) was significantly related with having an at-risk BMI (OR = 1.5; 95% CI:1.1-2.0), whereas the % E from total carbohydrate evaluated as a continuous variable and as quartiles was inversely related to an at-risk BMI (p-trend <0.05) with significantly reduced risk in the highest quartile vs. the lowest quartile (OR= 0.68 95% CI= 0.49-0.95) in logistic regression analyses adjusting for age, sex, region, walking, high-sugar drinks, % E carbohydrate, % E from high-fat foods. While % E from high-fat foods was positively related to an at-risk BMI, the findings were not significant in a model controlling for high-sugar drinks and %E from carbohydrate. The prevalence of overweight and obesity is of public health concern among Inuit. The current findings highlight the obesogenic potential of high-sugar drink consumption in an ethnically distinct population undergoing rapid cultural changes and raises concerns regarding carbohydrate restricted diets. Health promotion programs aimed at preventing the development of an unhealthy body weight should focus on the social disparities in obesity prevalence and high consumption of nutrient poor and energy dense foods.<br>La prévalence de surplus de poids et d'obésité déterminée avec l'IMC et le tour de taille est élevée chez la population inuite du Nord du Canada. Une augmentation de la prévalence d'obésité a été observée chez les Inuits durant les dernières décennies, décennies durant lesquelles ce peuple a subi un processus d'acculturation causant une diminution des activités de chasse et de récolte, l'établissement en villes et villages, et une augmentation de l'apport alimentaire en glucides, particulièrement en sucres raffinés, et en acides gras saturés et en acides gras trans, ces derniers ayant des conséquences sur l'apparition de l'obésité et des maladies chroniques qui y sont reliées chez les Inuits. La prévalence et les corrélats du surplus de poids et de l'obésité chez les Inuits du Canada ont été estimés dans le cadre de cette étude. La prévalence totale chez ceux ayant un IMC à risque était de 64%. La consommation de breuvages riches en sucre (>13% en énergie) était significativement reliée à un IMC à risque (OR=1,5; IC 95%: 1,10-2,00). À l'opposé, le pourcentage d'énergie totale provenant des glucides, analysé en quartiles d'une variable continue, était inversement relié à un IMC à risque (p tendance ≤ 0,05) et à un risque significativement diminué lorsque les quartiles plus élevé et plus faible étaient comparés lors de régression logistique contrôlant pour l'âge, le sexe, la région, la marche, l'apport en breuvages riches en sucre et les pourcentages d'énergie provenant des glucides et d'aliments riches en gras (OR=0,68; IC 95%: 0,49-0,95). Même si le pourcentage d'énergie provenant d'aliments riches en gras était positivement associé à un IMC à risque, les résultats n'étaient plus significatifs dans un modèle contrôlant pour l'apport en breuvages riches en sucre et le pourcentage d'énergie provenant des glucides. La prévalence de surplus de poids et d'obésité est un problème de santé publique chez les Inuits. Les résultats présentés mettent en évidence le potentiel obésogène des breuvages riches en sucre chez une population ethniquement distincte vivant de rapides changements culturels et soulèvent des inquiétudes quant aux diètes hypocaloriques en glucides. Les programmes de promotion de la santé visant la prévention du gain de poids devrait mettre l'emphase sur les disparités sociales reliées à la prévalence de l'obésité et à la consommation élevée d'aliments pauvres en nutriments et riches en énergie.
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Apol, Michael Jay. "Getting away with murder : the forty year jurisdictional gap Over DoD civilians stationed overseas and the Military Extraterritorial Jurisdiction Act of 2000 /." (Requires Adobe Acrobat Reader), 2001. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA396061.
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Hofmann, Paul Norman. "Examining Factors of Acculturative Stress on International Students as They Affect Utilization of Campus-Based Health and Counseling Services at Four-Year Public Universities in Ohio." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1288203526.
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Wang, Yuche Jerry. "A study to identify international business competencies needed by business graduates of four-year colleges and universities in Taiwan, R.O.C. /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9998523.
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Huang, Shanshan. "The Facilitative Role of A Community-based Non-profit Organization in First-year International Graduate Students’ Sociocultural Adjustment in A Midwestern University." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1274013121.
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Draper, Clair Naomi. "A study of children's experiences of transition into a British international primary school in Vietnam : perspectives of children and parents in the first year." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2018. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10054780/.
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This thesis is a qualitative study that addresses an apparent current gap in the literature regarding children’s experiences of transition at non-normative times, in an international context. The research takes place in a British international primary school in Vietnam. Thirty-four children participated in a series of nine semi-structured group interviews with three to five children in each. The children participated in a drawing activity in their group interviews to further reflect on their experiences of transition. Eight parents were interviewed either individually or with their partners, resulting in a total of six semi-structured interviews. School policies and documents were also examined using discourse analysis. A sociocultural and ecological theoretical model was used to analyse the interview responses. The findings highlighted many complexities that created a unique and challenging transition for the children involved. From both children and parents’ perspectives, forming new friendships was essential to feeling comfortable and a part of the new school. The children experienced many different emotions during this year, from anxiety to excitement and these feelings were linked both to friendships and also managing academic expectations. Children joined the school having experienced varying educational systems from different countries and part of their transition included learning how to be a pupil in this particular school. While for some children, academic demands were easier, for others it was more difficult. The study concludes with a recommendation that more research could be done in international primary schools to continue this area of work in further exploring children’s experiences of transition and how we can best support pupils during the first year of joining a new school.
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Tsai, Shiao-Chen. "Academic Listening and Note-Taking: A Multiple-Case Study of First-Year International Undergraduate Students’ Experiences in Different Instructional Contexts at an American University." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1498740906480853.
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Lovisetti, Luisa. "From the Earth to the Sun: the quest for the Astronomical Unit by means of the 1761 and 1769 Venus transits." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021.
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In the mid-eighteenth century, the primary and most urgent astronomical problem was to determine the exact value of the Earth-Sun distance (the so-called Astronomical Unit, A.U.). With that value in hand, thanks to Kepler’s third law, all the planet distances would have been easily derived and, as a consequence the entire solar system real dimension would have been determined too. The most promising methods for measuring the A.U., due to Halley and Delisle, were taking advantage of a rare phaenomenon: Venus transit over the Sun. It would have been sufficient that two observers, located in the two Earth hemispheres, had taken accurate measures of the transit to derive from the solar parallax and hence the A.U. The phaenomenon is rare but occurs always in close pairs and thus the attention of the whole scientific community was engaged twice in the eighteenth century: in 1761 and in 1769.
While the European powers were fighting in the Seven Years War and in the subsequent struggles for colonial hegemony, 250 astronomers and scholars from different nations, animated by a common purpose in the spirit of Enlightenment, gave life to a joint venture, never attempted before, leaving for the farthest and most inaccessible locations of the known world, such as Siberia, the island of Newfoundland and the mysterious Australia, to observe Venus transit. Along with the astronomical results, those expeditions also improved geographical knowledges, discovered new lands, gave an impulse to the production of scientific instruments, resulted in collection of natural samples and, above all, constituted the first international and collaborative project in the whole history of science. At the crucial point, some astronomers faced a desolately cloudy sky, one passed out from his emotions, others had not even reached their destination, and someone never returned home. This is their story.
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Hoang, Thinh Quoc. "Exploring Vietnamese first-year English-major students’ motivation: A longitudinal, mixed-methods investigation." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2021. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2423.
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Learner motivation is recognised as a crucial determinant of successful second language (L2) learning. However, to date, little research has been directed into the motivational dimensions of L2 learning in Vietnam, where English has currently become the most popular foreign language with millions of learners nationwide. Further, there is a limited amount of research internationally that explores the motivational levels and development of L2 students at the transition from school level to higher education.
This study aimed to develop a profile of the motivation and learning experiences of a cohort of Vietnamese first-year English-major students over one academic year. As an attempt to integrate the L2 research field with mainstream educational psychology, the study drew theoretically from Eccles et al.’s expectancy-value theory (EVT). This framework, though recognised as one of the most influential motivation theories, has received limited attention in the L2 field. Specifically, the research explored: the EVT constructs of attainment value (personal importance), intrinsic value, utility value, cost, perceived competence, and expectancies for success; their variations across the cohort over one year; their correlations; and their impacts on motivational indicators of English-major choice, English learning effort and willingness to communicate. The study also offers explanations for those variations.
Informed by critical realist perspectives, the study adopted a longitudinal, explanatory mixed-methods design. A cohort of 149 first-year English-major students at one Vietnamese university were surveyed three times over one academic year. Drawing on the results of the first survey, a sample of 15 participants exhibiting a range of motivational profiles were recruited to take part in three rounds of individual interviews over the same year.
Results demonstrated various explanatory powers that the EVT constructs had in understanding Vietnamese English-major students’ motivated behaviours. For example, while personal importance and utility value linked to English seemed to be more potent reasons for participants enrolling in an English major, their L2 learning engagement and willingness to communicate in English were linked more strongly to intrinsic value and expectancies for success.
The study further revealed different developmental trajectories of student values and beliefs. While the students maintained relatively stable levels of personal importance and utility value, studying English became slightly less interesting to them. Regarding cost dimensions, the participants reported an increase in opportunity cost they perceived from iv studying English while becoming less anxious about speaking the language. For the two competence-related beliefs, while the students perceived an improvement in their English proficiency, they reported decreasing levels of expectancies for success and became more realistic about the potential to improve their English. The participants also reported a lower investment in learning effort and less willingness to communicate in English, which paralleled the declines in intrinsic value and expectancy beliefs. Interviews with participants revealed the impacts of different contextual and individual factors, especially those of teaching and learning activities on their L2 motivation.
Overall, the findings of this study suggested that expectancy-value model provided a fresh but effective theoretical approach to understanding the motivational patterns of Vietnamese first-year English-major students and is potentially applicable to inquiry into L2 motivation in other contexts. Moreover, this study’s findings also contribute to extending current understandings of the EVT constructs. Finally, the findings from this study provide valuable insights and suggestions to better support English language learners in Vietnamese tertiary institutions and similar contexts.
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Garcia, Erin. "Students’ Meaning-Making Journeys Towards Self-Authorship Through Self-Designed Gap Year Experiences." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3831.
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This phenomenological, qualitative study addressed student perceptions of their meaning-making process towards self-authorship in a self-designed gap year experience and was conducted in a public higher educational institution in the Southeast. Data was gathered through interviews from a purposeful sample of gap year program participants and program administrators. Emerging themes and categories were identified by coding and analyzing the interview data, such as continual reflection reinforces the value of individual meaning-making, self-expectations versus self-worth, the influence of societal expectations are minimized, and self-designed learning helps to solidify changes in self-authorship. The data showed a strong connection between multiple meaning-making contexts for students and an enhancement in their authorship, as well as multiple-identities. The findings may be useful in gap year program reflection and redesign, and provide implications for self-design in experiential learning opportunities and gap year outcomes.
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Cates, Sarah Elizabeth. "An Analysis of National HIV/AIDS Education Efforts Among 15-39 Year Olds and Health Care Workers Applying the Health Belief Model (HBM) in Six Cities in Sonsonate, El Salvador." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26201.
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This descriptive research used the Health Belief Model (HBM) to assess HIV/AIDS knowledge, perceived severity, perceived susceptibility, and behavioral practices within the population throughout the State of Sonsonate, El Salvador. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) was also utilized to display the results of this population study. The study population was composed of 15-39 year olds consisting of a total sample size of 1,500 (250 participants from each of the six cities). The basis of this study was to evaluate where this population fit within the Health Belief Model (HBM) and also to practically represent the results pictorially. Also, this information was collected so that the government of El Salvador could see and understand where their educational deficits existed so that future programs could be established to alleviate these discrepancies.
An instrument consisting of 65 items including demographics, knowledge, perceived severity, perceived susceptibility, and behavioral practices was used for the general population. The analysis of the data was two-fold using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) mapping and statistical analysis. GIS mapping was used to graphically pinpoint areas of knowledge deficit and misinformation about HIV/AIDS.
Results were based on a general population of 1,454. Various indices were created to show the level of knowledge or frequency of safe behavioral practices. The Perceived Severity and Perceived Susceptibility sections were not aggregated into an index but rather treated as individual variables. An item analysis of the questionnaire found that on average the general population responded correctly to 78% of the knowledge questions. However, a total of 11 questions in the knowledge section had less 75% (n=385) of the general population answering correctly. Another 3 questions in the behavior section were also found to have less than 75% (n=385) indicating safe behavioral practices. Linear regression analyses were performed to explore correlations between the areas of demographics, knowledge level, perceived severity, and perceived susceptibility to safe behavior. GIS maps were created to pictorially show where this population's deficiencies were in regard to the HBM. This research helped to pinpoint where this population fits within the construct of the Health Belief Model so that future educational efforts can be targeted in geographic areas with the greatest need. This will help to move this sample toward behavioral change.<br>Ph. D.
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Ambe-Cohen, Rossy. "Hospitality Education Assessment: A Case Study on the Learning Experience of Chinese Students in a 4-year Program at a U.S. Institution." FIU Digital Commons, 2015. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2296.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the learning experience of Chinese hospitality students in a 4-year program at a U.S. institution in order to bridge the gap between Chinese and American education. This study could challenge traditional education and produce more culturally savvy and diverse graduates, in a field as personal and interactive as Hospitality Management, it could also help American students who want to study, work or teach in China, as they would be knowledgeable of the cultural and educational differences. This study used a qualitative approach. The researcher conducted in-depth, semi-structured interviews with Chinese hospitality students in a 4-year program at a U.S. institution based on the research questions presented regarding the perceived differences in learning experiences of Chinese Hospitality students. Findings of this study could have implications for the hospitality industry and more importantly the way hospitality education is being taught in a 4-year program at a U.S. institution.
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Callahan, Angelina Long. "Satellite meteorology in the cold war era: scientific coalitions and international leadership 1946-1964." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/50350.
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In tracing the history of the TIROS meteorological satellite system, this dissertation details the convergence of two communities: the DOD space scientists who established US capability to launch and operate these remote sensing systems and the US Weather Bureau meteorologists who would be the managers and users of satellite data. Between 1946 and 1964, these persons participated in successive coalitions. These coalitions were necessary in part because satellite systems were too big—geographically, fiscally, and technically—to be developed and operated within a single institution.
Thus, TIROS technologies and people trace their roots to several research centers—institutions that the USWB and later NASA attempted to coordinate for US R&D. The gradual transfer of persons and hardware from the armed services to the non-military NASA sheds light on the US’s evolution as a Cold War global power, shaped from the “top-down” (by the executive and legislative branches) as well as the “bottom-up” (by military and non-military scientific communities).
Through these successive coalitions, actor terms centered on “basic science” or the circulation of atmospheric data were used to help define bureaucratic places (the Upper Atmospheric Rocket Research Panel, International Geophysical Year, NASA, and the World Weather Watch) in which basic research would be supported by sustained
and collaboration could take place with international partners.
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Gallagher, Judith. "A Study of Department Chairs in Two-Year Colleges: A Comparison of the 1992 International Community College Chair Survey to Department Chairs in the North Texas Community College Consortium." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2003. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4329/.
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A study was conducted to gather information from department chairs serving in the 26 two-year colleges that are members of the North Texas Community College Consortium using the International Community College Chair Survey (ICCCS). The ICCCS is designed to gather insights into four aspects of the chairs' professional lives: personal characteristics, responsibilities challenges, and strategies. The study compared the demographic data and the respondents' perceptions of the challenges their units will face in the next 5 years to the original survey conducted in 1992. The regional sample included 616 first-line administrators, and a 30.5% response rate was achieved. The demographic distribution of the regional respondents shows significant shifts in gender, age, education, experience and release time but constancy in race and stability of the population. Similarities between the two samples exist regarding the challenges of maintaining program quality, providing technology, and managing financial issues. The regional sample expresses greater concern about the challenges of distance education, external accountability, and student matters.
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Anderson, Elizabeth. ""Am I just a hippy doctor on the outside looking in?" : A study exploring student journeys through medical school following a year out to do a degree in international health." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.679717.
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Medical students are able to take a year out to intercalate and study another subject during their medical degree. They may choose one that is informed by subjects that have different epistemological traditions to medicine, such as the social sciences. The aim of this study was to explore medical students' experience of intercalation in international health (an exemplar of a degree that includes social science components) and of their return to medical training. It is important to understand this multi-epistemic journey, as integrating social science teaching into the medical curriculum is currently advocated as one of the means with which to produce doctors who can practice with a global remit. The study adopted a constructivist perspective and a longitudinal design. Data were gathered via informal interviews (conversations) with and emails from six medical students in one university in the UK over a three year period during and after intercalation in international health, and from two students during their first year as junior doctors. The methodology adapted Douglas Moustakas' heuristic enquiry (Moustakas 1990) and incorporated narrative methods to preserve the student voice during data analysis and interpretation. The main findings were that following an intensive exposure to other disciplines' ways of knowing these medical students had some problems of reintegration and that the term "hippy doctor" was used to describe this experience. Whilst they sometimes struggled to bring together different ways of knowing and apply these to clinical medicine, these students also provided accounts that showed that such multi-epistemic experiences appear to make a valuable contribution to students' overall education and identity formation. The findings suggest that medical educators would benefit from paying attention to students' experience of crossing epistemological boundaries and to the potential of this hybrid space to support their development as doctors.
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Wilders, Charlotte. ""I thought it was going to be really cool but actually it was a bit boring" : children's perceptions of the transition from Foundation Stage (Maternelle) to Year 1 in an International School." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/16830/.
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Research across different international contexts has identified how social, physical and pedagogical changes influence children’s early educational transition experiences. Concerns have been raised regarding children not being ready for these changes and thus undergoing a negative transition experience, which can impact on future learning and well-being. This study aims to gain a deeper understanding of children’s perspectives of the educational transition they make from a Foundation Stage setting to Primary School (Year 1), in an English section of a European school in Brussels. I employed a case study approach, utilising the following multiple-methods, interviews, drawings, photographs, small world play and tours to enable the six child participants to recall and explain their transition experiences. I again used interviews to gain the perspectives of the children’s parents and the teaching staff who were involved in this transition. Findings indicated that whilst the children talked positively about this transition they expressed negative feelings towards changes related to discontinuity in pedagogical approaches to teaching and learning, and towards the rules governing their new environment which influenced their perception of classroom ethos. The children related identified changes to their responsibility to adapt, and the negative feelings were strongly associated with the desire to belong; in other words they wanted to belong and were aware that in order to do so they must adapt to meet the demands of these significant changes. The conclusion revealed that current policy privileges a ‘child ready’ approach to transitions; that is, it is the children’s responsibility to adapt in order to be ready. Whilst the children did manage to adapt and conform they still desired more continuity of familiar experiences and expressed concerns associated with changing demands. The recommendation was thus made that policy makers and educators should search for solutions to minimise challenging changes by considering how schools can adapt to be ready for children.
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Rodling, Emma, and Maria Ekman. ""En skål för andras lidande" : Bildanalys av vinnarbilderna i World Press Photo of the Year mellan 1999-2008." Thesis, Mid Sweden University, Department of Information Technology and Media, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-11142.
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<p>En undersökning av vinnarbilderna i World Press Photo of the Year mellan 1999-2008. World Press Photo är världens största fototävling och är prestigefylld att vinna för pressfotografer. Syftet var att undersöka vad de senaste årens bildjournalistik förmedlar till sina betraktare genom nyhetsbilderna som vunnit World Press Photo of the Year under 2000-talet. Syftet har förgrenat sig i frågeställningarna:</p><p>Vilka teman har vinnarbilderna i World Press Photo of the Year mellan 1999-2008?</p><p>Vad förmedlar innehållet i bilderna?</p><p>Vad finns det för likheter och skillnader mellan bilderna?</p><p>Studien är en kvalitativ undersökning där vi gjort bildanalyser av vinnarbilderna i World Press Photo of the Year mellan 1999-2008. Vi har använt oss av semiotisk och retorisk bildanalys. Resultaten visar att vinnarbilderna som representerar det bästa inom bildjournalistiken visar ett begränsat antal teman, krig, sociala problem och fattigdom samt naturkatastrofer. De flesta bilderna är från Asien och framförallt Mellanöstern. Bilderna är negativt laddade och människorna på bilderna visar oftast sorg och lidande.</p>
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Schreiner, Camilla. "Exploring a ROSE-garden : Norwegian youth's orientations towards science - seen as signs of late modern identities : based on ROSE (The Relevance of Science Education), a comparative study of 15 year old students' perceptions of science and science education /." [Oslo] : Department of Teacher Education and School Development, Faculty of Education, University of Oslo : Unipub, 2006. http://www.uv.uio.no/forsk/disputaser/gamledisp/gamledisp2006/CamillaSchreinerskammendrag.html.
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Rudá, Eliška. "Segmentace evropského trhu s ohledem na postproduktivní složku obyvatelstva." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-73926.
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The first step of the hierarchical approach to the international market segmentation is described and demonstrated in this master's thesis. The theoretical part that covers the methodology, statistical background and secondary data sources is followed by the illustration of cluster analysis. The outcome is the division of thirty European countries into five segments with respect to the post-productive population. The formed segments are then characterised and interpreted. Their usability is shown in three challenges in the European Year of 2012, which is dedicated to Active Ageing.
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Aguiar, João Henrique Catraio Monteiro. "Anni Iano: um estudo de caso sobre as temporadas culturais franco-brasileiras de 2005 (Brésil, Brésils) e de 2009 (França.Br2009)." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2012. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=3917.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>As manifestações culturais e a cultura, em geral, têm adquirido relevância e protagonismo nas relações internacionais contemporâneas. Tal fenômeno possibilitou maior quantidade de pesquisas, teorias e trabalhos no campo das Relações Internacionais dedicadas a essa dimensão. Almeja-se com este trabalho contribuir com uma análise no plano das Relações Culturais Internacionais, enfocando o Ano do Brasil na França (2005) e o Ano da França no Brasil (2009). Através da análise destas duas temporadas culturais, analisa-se a densidade dessa profunda relação histórica entre Brasil e França, marcada pelos cálculos estratégicos de ambos os países. Esta pesquisa pretendeu mostrar que as temporadas culturais tornaram-se um dos modelos de diplomacia cultural adequados aos desafios da nova ordem global. Por isso, foi feito um estudo de caso sobre as temporadas franco-brasileiras de 2005 e 2009, através de pesquisa monográfica teórico-histórica; a qual demonstrou como as referidas temporadas culturais conciliam forças culturais em oposição na atualidade, ao mesmo tempo em que promoveram o intercâmbio cultural.<br>The cultural events and the culture, in general, have acquired relevance and leading role in the contemporary international relations. This phenomenon permitted largest amount of researches, theories, and works, on the field of International Relations, dedicated to this dimension. Aiming in this work to contribute with an analysis in terms of Cultural International Relations, it will be focus the Year of Brazil in France (2005) and the Year of France in Brazil (2009). Through this analysis of the two cultural seasons the density of this profound historical relation (between Brazil and France) marked by strategic calculations of both countries have been analyzed. The research intention was to show that cultural seasons have turned into one of the models of cultural diplomacy adequate to the challenges of the new global order. For that, it was done a case study on the French-Brazilian seasons of 2005 and 2009, through a monographic and theoretical-historical research, through which it was shown that the cultural seasons have been conciliating cultural seasons in opposition nowadays, at the same time it have been promoting the cultural exchange.
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Buhre, Anna, and Elisabeth Mörck. "Är tioårsregeln i 3 kap. 19 § Inkomstskattelagen förenlig med EG-rätten? : Vad blir konsekvenserna av den nya lydelsen?" Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Commercial Law, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-7468.
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<p>Uppsatsens syfte är att utreda huruvida tioårsregeln i 3 kap. 19 § IL strider mot EG-rätten. Vidare undersöks konsekvenserna utav den utvidgade regeln i förhållande till den internationella skatteavtalsrätten.</p><p>Avsaknad av total harmonisering inom skatteområdet i EU resulterar i att praxis från EGD är vägledande och av stor vikt för medlemsstaterna. Skatteregler i intern rätt får inte utformas på ett sätt att de strider mot någon av de grundläggande rörelsefriheterna i EG-fördraget.</p><p>Tioårsregeln innebär i grova drag att kapitalvinster som uppstår vid avyttring av tillgångar, skall beskattas i Sverige under de tio nästföljande åren efter utflyttning från Sverige. Tioårsregeln i dess tidigare lydelse har inte fungerat ändamålsenligt. Numera omfattar tioårsregeln utländska andelar och delägarrätter om dessa förvärvades under tiden den skattskyldige var obegränsat skattskyldig i Sverige. Tioårsregelns syfte är att hindra skattskyldiga att undandraga den svenska staten skatteintäkter vid utflyttning.</p><p><em>Exitbeskattning</em> är en synonym till <em>utflyttningsbeskattning</em>. Exitskatt avseende kapital innebär att beskattning sker på en orealiserad latent vinst på grund av att den skattskyldige flyttar ut från staten. Tioårsregeln kan sägas vara en typ av exitskatteregel eftersom den grundas på en utsträckt hemvistprincip.</p><p>Bestämmelser om exitskatter avseende kapitalvinster är generellt sett svåra att rättfärdiga eftersom en mängd krav ställs för att sådana regler skall betraktas förenliga med EG-rätten. EGD har genom praxis stadgat vissa krav avseende utformning av exitskatteregler. Exitskatter i sig har inte ansetts strida mot EG-rätten, vilket kan utläsas från <em>Lasteyrie</em>-domen. I det senare avgjorda <em>N</em>-målet konstaterades att regler om exitskatt i form av uppskovsbeskattning måste anses godkända av EGD, i alla fall då de inte är förenade med alltför hårda krav för den skattskyldige. För att inte strida mot EG-rätten bör värdenedgångar efter utflyttning beaktas samtidigt som krav på säkerhet och dylikt inte får ställas på den skattskyldige.</p><p>Artikel 13 i OECD:s modellavtal gällande kapitalvinster reglerar inte problematiken kring olika staters bestämmelser <em>om </em>kapitalskatt skall tas ut eller på vilket <em>sätt</em> kapitalvinst skall beskattas. Artikeln reglerar i stället <em>hur</em> skatteanspråket avseende kapitalvinst skall fördelas mellan staterna. Det är inte alltför ovanligt att de svenska skatteavtalen skiljer sig från OECD:s modellavtal i vissa avseenden. Begränsningarna i Sveriges beskattningsrätt innebär ofta en inskränkning i de antal år som Sverige har rätt att beskatta kapitalvinster och/eller att svenska delägarrätter samt andelar endast omfattas av den svenska beskattningsrätten.</p><p>Utvidgningen av tioårsregeln är verkningslös eftersom de svenska skatteavtalen är formulerade på ett sätt som leder till att Sverige förhindras att utöva sin beskattningsrätt enligt tioårsregeln, som avtalen föreskriver. Tioårsregeln har inte effektiviserats med hjälp av utvidgningen till att även omfatta utländska andelar på grund av skatteavtalens neutraliserande effekt. Skatteavtalen leder till att tioårsregeln är verkningslös och för att syftet med den utvidgade tioårsregeln skall uppnås måste Sverige omförhandla sina skatteavtal.</p><p>Om en skattskyldig person vid utflyttning behandlas negativt av tioårsregeln i jämförelse med en skattskyldig person som fortsätter vara bosatt i Sverige, kan regeln fungera hindrande. Eftersom beskattning av kapitalvinst enligt tioårsregeln sker på samma sätt för den utflyttade personen som för den i Sverige kvarvarande personen föreligger ingen negativ särbehandling, vilket innebär att regeln är förenlig med EG-rätten.</p><p>Tioårsregeln bör ersättas av ett system bestående av exitbeskattning med möjlighet till uppskov, vilket vi betraktar som en mer ändamålsenlig lösning. Vår utredning påvisar att förslaget uppnår samma syfte som tioårsregeln strävar efter samtidigt som det framstår förenligt med EG-rätten. Problematiken avseende skatteflykt och skatteundandragande som tioårsregeln kan medföra är dock inte löst i sin helhet i och med det framställda förslaget. Problematiken med skatteflykt och skatteundandragande vid utflyttningssituationer kvarstår så länge Sveriges skatteavtal inte omförhandlas.</p><br><p>The aim of this thesis is to investigate whether the ten-year-rule in chapter 3 section 19 of the Income Tax Law is contrary to EC-law. The consequences of the extended rule in connection with international contract law regarding taxation agreement are furthermore investigated.</p><p>The lack of complete harmonization within tax law in the EU brings case law from the European Court of Justice into a position of great importance since it serves as guidance for the member states. Tax rules in national law may not be constructed in a way that is contrary to the right of free movement in the EC-treaty.</p><p>A general explanation of the ten-year-rule is that capital gains which arise from disposal of assets shall be subject to Swedish tax during a ten-year period following emigration from Sweden. The former wording of the ten-year-rule has not been working appropriately. The present outline of the ten-year-rule also comprises foreign shares if they were acquired during a period when the taxpayer was liable to unlimited taxation in Sweden. The aim of the ten-year-rule is to hinder taxpayers avoiding paying governmental taxes after emigration.</p><p>Exit tax is a synonym for emigration tax. Exit tax regarding capital leads to taxation of gains that has not yet been subject to realization due to the taxpayer’s emigration. The ten-year-rule can be regarded as an exit tax since it is based on an extended domicile principle.</p><p>Rules regarding exit tax of capital gains are generally difficult to justify because of the various requirements to be fulfilled in order to comply with EC-law. ECJ has through case law enacted certain requirements regarding construction of exit tax rules in national law. From the judgment of the <em>Lasteyrie</em>-case it can be understood that exit taxes per se is not contrary to EC-law. The later ruled <em>N</em>-case established that exit tax rules supplemented with a possibility of tax deferral has to be considered approved by ECJ, at least when not combined with far too strict requirements for the taxpayer. In order for exit tax rules in national law not to be contrary to EC-law shall rate decrease be considered after emigration and security requirements cannot be demanded.</p><p>Article 13 of the OECD's Model Tax Convention regarding capital gains does not regulate <em>if</em> capital gains shall be taxed or in <em>what way</em> capital gains shall be taxed. Instead the article regulates <em>how</em> the tax claim regarding capital gains shall be divided between the contractual parties. It is not uncommon that the Swedish taxation agreements are in some aspects different from the Model Tax Convention. Limitations of the Swedish tax claim often leads to restriction in the time period in which Sweden has the right to confer taxation of capital gains and/or that Swedish shares only are included in the Swedish tax claim.</p><p>The extension of the ten-year-rule is ineffective since the Swedish taxation agreements are constructed in a way that leads to Sweden being prevented from practicing the tax claim according to the ten-year-rule which the agreement prescribes. The extension to also include foreign shares in the ten-year-rule has not made the rule more efficient due to the neutralizing effect of the taxation agreements. The Swedish taxation agreements affect the ten-year-rule to become inoperative and in order for the extended rule to be effective, Sweden has to renegotiate the agreements. </p><p>If an emigrating taxpayer is treated in a less favorable manner in comparison with a taxpayer keeping its residence in Sweden due to the ten-year-rule, the rule can be considered as a hindrance. Since taxation of capital gains in accordance with the ten-year-rule is conducted in the same manner for the emigrating person as for the person remaining in Sweden, no derogatory treatment exists which means that the rule is compatible with EC-law.</p><p>The ten-year-rule should be replaced by a system consistent of exit tax rules combined with an opportunity for tax deferral, which we consider to be an appropriate solution. Our investigation demonstrates that this solution achieves the same purpose as the ten-year-rule is striving for at the same time as it seems to be in compliance with EC-law. The difficulty regarding tax avoidance and tax evasion that the ten-year-rule might contribute to is however not completely solved by this presented solution. The problem regarding tax avoidance and tax evasion remains as long as Swedish taxation agreements are not renegotiated.</p>
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Mason, Thomas J. Jr. "An Analysis of the Decline in Long-Term Study Abroad Participation Among Students at Elite U.S. Universities, with a Focus on Japan." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1556805857911929.
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Senate, University of Arizona Faculty. "Faculty Senate Minutes April 3, 2017." University of Arizona Faculty Senate (Tucson, AZ), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/623515.
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