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Holló, Péter. "Biztonságiöv-viselési arányok Magyarországon és külföldön". Közlekedéstudományi Szemle 70, nr 6 (2020): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.24228/ktsz.2020.6.5.
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Az egyik legfontosabb közlekedésbiztonsági teljesítménymutató a biztonságiöv-viselési arány. A hazai értékek alakulása és elemzése, más országokhoz történő viszonyítása fontos információkkal szolgál. Az írás a biztonságiöv-viselési arány hazai értékeinek alakulását elemzi más országokhoz képest. Erre az IRTAD (International Traffic Safety Data and Analysis Group), az OECD tagországok közúti forgalmi és baleseti adatbankja ad lehetőséget, ugyanis ez az útkategóriák szerint tartalmazza a személygépkocsik különböző ülésein megfigyelt biztonságiöv-viselési arányokat.
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Hima, Drita. "INFLUENCE OF ROAD NETWORK STRUCTURE AND MOBILITY FLOWS ON THE SCALE OF TRAFIC FATALITIES". Interdisciplinary Journal of Research and Development 6, nr 1 (20.03.2019): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.56345/ijrdv6n105.
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This paper is adapted from the literature (EWGT 2012 -Kazimierz Jamroz * - 15th meeting of the EURO Working Group on Transportation), according to the EU guidelines for getting "Best Practice" as a guide material to be used in the opening of the horizon in the Road Safety Study related to the description of the effect of selecting the "Road Network Structure", which should be the basis of "policy making" for defining the National Plan of Infrastructure Development of the Road Network of Albania, the change in "Mobility Flows" defined in the National Transport Plan, and the "Death at Traffic Accidents" (VAT) scale. The conclusions of this article are based on the study data of a number of countries around the world and therefore have a general value over which it has become possible to develop some non-linear factors analysis models that help identify these effects and make a decision Strategic Seas required for: Economic Development of the Country, Predicted Road Network Systems, Motorization Rate (1000 Population Vehicles), and Infrastructure Development . We have to bear in mind that the 2010 "White Paper" of the EU Commission for the EU Road Safety Objectives for 2020 as the main objective is foreseeing the halving of "Mortality in Traffic Accidents". The same objective has been set in the "National Road Safety Plan 2011-2020" for our country. Through this reference we do not want to show that we have done science, but we want to recommend a good scientific direction, demonstrated in an international forum, the 15th meeting of the EURO Working Group on Transportation, to be used as a good experience the studies of this field and our country.
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Ali, Nadir, Sadaf Sajid, Fatima Arshad, Usama Ahmad i Humza Naveed. "Motorization Rate Resulting in a Road Traffic Accident an Epidemiological Audit of Injuries and Factors in the Medium-Scaled Cities of Punjab, Pakistan". Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, nr 7 (30.07.2022): 347–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22167347.
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Background: Motor vehicles are increasing exponentially day by day all over the world with a global increasing prevalence of road traffic accidents. This situation of mass motorization has affected developing countries like Pakistan as well. Due to a lack of popper legislation and implementation of the law, the RTA situation is worse and requires proper research of epidemiological factors and medico-legal evaluation of injuries. Purpose: To see the pattern of RTA injuries and various epidemiological factors influencing them in the medium-scaled city like Sargodha, Gujranwala, Sialkot, and Gujarat Punjab, Pakistan. Study design: It is a retrospective study to evaluate and assess the pattern, severity, and epidemiological factors concerning RTA injuries and their medico-legal relationship during four years period from 2016 to 2019 in the medium-scaled cities of Punjab, Pakistan. Nearly 300 cases were selected to get information on predesigned Performa from Hospital records of DHQ Teaching Hospitals of Sargodha, Gujranwala, Sialkot, and Gujarat. Method and materials: After collecting data on designed Performa, the information was collected about epidemiological factors, type of injuries, the pattern of injury, outcome of injury, and medico-legal outcome for furthering justice. A descriptive statistical method was applied for the analysis and evaluation of collected data. Furthermore, standard deviation, F-statistics, and Chitest p-value were also applied to see the association of epidemiological factors with RTA injuries. Results: In a total of 300 cases of road traffic accidents, the average age was found 28.5years of age with gender male in most of the cases (86%). The 15-35 years age group was identified in more than 70 % of cases with the majority of accidents being motorcyclists with pillion riders and pedestrians. The majority of victims suffered RTA injuries while crossing the roads and constituted 30.66 % of all the cases followed by the victims passing by the side of roads with 24 %. The head and neck injuries were the most affected in most of these cases followed by extremities injuries. Conclusion: Motorcyclists with pillion riders were mostly involved in road traffic accidents. Males in the age group 20-30 years were the most affected victims being the socially active age group involved in motoring. The grievous and life-threatening injuries are increasing resulting in a very high rate of mortality and morbidity in society. The study suggests strict legislation and proper implementation of health and safety measures to avoid high RTA rates. Keywords: Motorization, RTA, automobile accidents, grievous injuries, health & safety measures.
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Shi, Zhenwei, Zhizhong Kang, Yi Lin, Yu Liu i Wei Chen. "Automatic Recognition of Pole-Like Objects from Mobile Laser Scanning Point Clouds". Remote Sensing 10, nr 12 (27.11.2018): 1891. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10121891.
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Mobile Laser Scanning (MLS) point cloud data contains rich three-dimensional (3D) information on road ancillary facilities such as street lamps, traffic signs and utility poles. Automatically recognizing such information from point cloud would provide benefits for road safety inspection, ancillary facilities management and so on, and can also provide basic information support for the construction of an information city. This paper presents a method for extracting and classifying pole-like objects (PLOs) from unstructured MLS point cloud data. Firstly, point cloud is preprocessed to remove outliers, downsample and filter ground points. Then, the PLOs are extracted from the point cloud by spatial independence analysis and cylindrical or linear feature detection. Finally, the PLOs are automatically classified by 3D shape matching. The method was tested based on two point clouds with different road environments. The completeness, correctness and overall accuracy were 92.7%, 97.4% and 92.3% respectively in Data I. For Data II, that provided by International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing Working Group (ISPRS WG) III/5 was also used to test the performance of the method, and the completeness, correctness and overall accuracy were 90.5%, 97.1% and 91.3%, respectively. Experimental results illustrate that the proposed method can effectively extract and classify PLOs accurately and effectively, which also shows great potential for further applications of MLS point cloud data.
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Gao, Chuang, Jiabin Yu, Xiaoguang Zhao, Haibao Wang, Zhiyong Liu i Yaodong Gu. "The Effect of Built Environment on Older People Leisure-Time Walking and Physical Activity in Different Sex Groups in the City of Ningbo, China". Sustainability 14, nr 11 (27.05.2022): 6562. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14116562.
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The aim of this study was to examine the effect of built environment (BE) elements on older people’s (OP) leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and leisure-time walking (LTW) level in the city of Ningbo. Older participants numbering 312 were randomly recruited using cross-sectional survey in 2019. International Physical Activity Questionnaire-short version (IPAQ-S) and Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale—abbreviated (NEWS-A)—were used to gather LTPA data and the perceive scores of BE, respectively. Liner regression analysis was performed to investigate the association relationship between the perceived scores of BE and OP’s LTW and LTPA. The study’s results showed that, when not considering different sex groups, OP’s LTW was significantly related with the perceived scores of access to services (AE, p = 0.045), walking/cycling facilities (W/CF, p = 0.007), aesthetics, and land use mix diversity (LUMD, p = 0.04). OP’s LTPA was significantly related with AE (p = 0.04) and aesthetics (p < 0.001). The association relationships of BE with LTW and LTPA varied in different sex groups. Three elements (AE, W/CF, and LUMD) and one element (pedestrian/traffic safety and P/TS) of BE were found be related with older male and older female’s LTW, respectively. One element (aesthetics) and two elements (aesthetics, LUMD) of BE were found be related with older male and older female’s LTPA, respectively. The results indicated that the effects of BE on OP’s LTW and the effects of BE on OP’s LTPA were different. The effect also varied in different sex groups. More studies are needed to confirm the effect of BE on OP’s LTW and LTPA in different sex groups to globally enrich the scientific data base.
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Andrews, Peter JD, H. Louise Sinclair, Aryelly Rodríguez, Bridget Harris, Jonathan Rhodes, Hannah Watson i Gordon Murray. "Therapeutic hypothermia to reduce intracranial pressure after traumatic brain injury: the Eurotherm3235 RCT". Health Technology Assessment 22, nr 45 (sierpień 2018): 1–134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/hta22450.
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Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of disability and death in young adults worldwide. It results in around 1 million hospital admissions annually in the European Union (EU), causes a majority of the 50,000 deaths from road traffic accidents and leaves a further ≈10,000 people severely disabled. Objective The Eurotherm3235 Trial was a pragmatic trial examining the effectiveness of hypothermia (32–35 °C) to reduce raised intracranial pressure (ICP) following severe TBI and reduce morbidity and mortality 6 months after TBI. Design An international, multicentre, randomised controlled trial. Setting Specialist neurological critical care units. Participants We included adult participants following TBI. Eligible patients had ICP monitoring in place with an ICP of > 20 mmHg despite first-line treatments. Participants were randomised to receive standard care with the addition of hypothermia (32–35 °C) or standard care alone. Online randomisation and the use of an electronic case report form (CRF) ensured concealment of random treatment allocation. It was not possible to blind local investigators to allocation as it was obvious which participants were receiving hypothermia. We collected information on how well the participant had recovered 6 months after injury. This information was provided either by the participant themself (if they were able) and/or a person close to them by completing the Glasgow Outcome Scale – Extended (GOSE) questionnaire. Telephone follow-up was carried out by a blinded independent clinician. Interventions The primary intervention to reduce ICP in the hypothermia group after randomisation was induction of hypothermia. Core temperature was initially reduced to 35 °C and decreased incrementally to a lower limit of 32 °C if necessary to maintain ICP at < 20 mmHg. Rewarming began after 48 hours if ICP remained controlled. Participants in the standard-care group received usual care at that centre, but without hypothermia. Main outcome measures The primary outcome measure was the GOSE [range 1 (dead) to 8 (upper good recovery)] at 6 months after the injury as assessed by an independent collaborator, blind to the intervention. A priori subgroup analysis tested the relationship between minimisation factors including being aged < 45 years, having a post-resuscitation Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) motor score of < 2 on admission, having a time from injury of < 12 hours and patient outcome. Results We enrolled 387 patients from 47 centres in 18 countries. The trial was closed to recruitment following concerns raised by the Data and Safety Monitoring Committee in October 2014. On an intention-to-treat basis, 195 participants were randomised to hypothermia treatment and 192 to standard care. Regarding participant outcome, there was a higher mortality rate and poorer functional recovery at 6 months in the hypothermia group. The adjusted common odds ratio (OR) for the primary statistical analysis of the GOSE was 1.54 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03 to 2.31]; when the GOSE was dichotomised the OR was 1.74 (95% CI 1.09 to 2.77). Both results favoured standard care alone. In this pragmatic study, we did not collect data on adverse events. Data on serious adverse events (SAEs) were collected but were subject to reporting bias, with most SAEs being reported in the hypothermia group. Conclusions In participants following TBI and with an ICP of > 20 mmHg, titrated therapeutic hypothermia successfully reduced ICP but led to a higher mortality rate and worse functional outcome. Limitations Inability to blind treatment allocation as it was obvious which participants were randomised to the hypothermia group; there was biased recording of SAEs in the hypothermia group. We now believe that more adequately powered clinical trials of common therapies used to reduce ICP, such as hypertonic therapy, barbiturates and hyperventilation, are required to assess their potential benefits and risks to patients. Trial registration Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN34555414. Funding This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full in Health Technology Assessment; Vol. 22, No. 45. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information. The European Society of Intensive Care Medicine supported the pilot phase of this trial.
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Minenko, Evgen, Olexandr Pyna, Olga Belenchuk i Tetyana Bondar. "ANALYSIS AND RESULTS OF MEASURES TO ENSURE ROAD SAFETY IN UKRAINE FOR THE PERIOD". Dorogi i mosti 2021, nr 24 (1.10.2021): 134–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.36100/dorogimosti2021.24.134.
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Introduction. Undesirable consequences of fast increase of the vehicle fleet are an increase in the level of accident rate and the number of deaths and injuries in traffic accidents (hereinafter accidents). The positive experience of other countries shows that objectives indicators for reducing the number of traffic accident victims by implementing reasonable measures to eliminate the dominant causes of accidents is the most effective way to achieve the desired result in improving traffic safety. Problem statement. Considering the enormous economic lost caused by traffic accidents, improving of traffic safety has been a priority in the policies of many countries around the world in recent decades. In this regard, the international community pays considerable attention to the development of targeted programs and implementation of traffic safety measures directed at preventing the road traffic injuries. In particular, on March 2, 2010, the UN General Assembly adopted Resolution No. 64/255 «Improving Traffic Safety Worldwide», which proclaimed the 2011–2020 «Decade of Traffic Safety Actions» to reduce deaths from injuries sustained as a result of traffic accident — by 50%. Ukraine, through which seven international transport corridors run [1], did not stay away from solving the common problem and joined in 2011 to the UN initiative regarding reducing the death rate due to traffic accidents by at least 30 % [2]. For evaluation of the achieved result, it is important to analyze the accident statistics and determine whether the planned results were achieved through the implementation of planned measures to improve traffic safety. Purpose. The article considers the dynamics of accident rate and the number of traffic accidents victims in Ukraine for the period 2011–2020, as well as analyzes the main causes of traffic accidents on the public roads, including roads of state importance, to evaluate the outcome of the Decade of Traffic Safety Actions and providing the recommendations for further decreasing of mortality on domestic roads. Materials and methods. The study used the method of statistical processing of data on the number of accidents and their victims in Ukraine and the method of systematic analysis of risk factors that contributed to the accidents. Results. It is determined that the total number of fatalities in traffic accidents for the period 2011–2020 decreased in Ukraine by 27.8 %, and on the public roads — by 44.0 %. However, considering that since 2014 there are no data on traffic accidents in Autonomous Republic of Crimea and partly in Donetsk and Luhansk regions, the indicator of decreasing of deaths per 100 traffic accidents and the result shows more modest achievements: in Ukraine it was possible to reduce deaths by 100 traffic accidents per 100 14 %, and on the public roads — only 5.4 %. Conclusions. Accident rate analysis provides an information basis for understanding the scale of the problem of traffic injuries, evaluating the results of implemented measures to improve traffic safety, the dynamics of positive or negative developments, and allows to plan reasonably the measures to improve road conditions to reduce mortality on roads.
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Reyad, Passant, Tarek Sayed, Mohamed H. Zaki i Shewkar E. Ibrahim. "School zone safety diagnosis using automated conflicts analysis technique". Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 44, nr 10 (październik 2017): 802–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2016-0586.
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School safety is a high priority for road safety agencies worldwide due to the growing concerns about student safety and emphasis on community livability. However, the lack of consistent data available at schools makes it challenging for engineers to understand the safety issues faced accurately. Traffic conflicts have been advocated in the literature as a surrogate safety measure due to the advantages it offers for road safety evaluations. This paper demonstrates the capability of automated traffic safety diagnosis at a school using computer vision techniques. The selected school is located in a residential area in the City of Edmonton, Alberta, and is on a main roadway in the neighbourhood. The age group of the school is from 5 to 16 years old (corresponding to Grade 1 to 9 respectively). Data are collected during the fall and winter terms. The severity and frequency of conflicts and traffic violations were analyzed to quantify the safety concerns. These concerns included driving violations, jaywalking violations as well as conflicts between pedestrians and vehicles as well as between vehicles and each other. Hourly and seasonal trends were observed and analyzed to assist in the selection of treatments and recommendations to improve the safety around schools. The results show that pedestrian safety has improved in winter due to lower vehicle speeds.
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Teng, Ying Xiang, Hu Gang Zhao, Jie Yang i Jin Lu Sheng. "Water Traffic Safety Evaluation Based on the Grey Correlation Grade Analysis". Applied Mechanics and Materials 571-572 (czerwiec 2014): 295–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.571-572.295.
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Aiming at the deficiency of the water traffic safety evaluation method in our country, the water traffic safety evaluation model was established after full discussing, which is based on grey relational grade analysis. The water traffic safety status of shipping companies was evaluated through their correlation, which is on the basis of the Five index method, after the original data in a reasonable manner of dimensionless processing. Through a case of a shipping group, it is proved that the grey correlation greed analysis method can evaluate enterprise's security situation simply and effectively on the basis of original index of death toll, the number of accidents above General level, the number of ship destroyed and direct economic loss. Additionally, the evaluation is more objective and scientific.
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Macioszek, Elżbieta, i Damian Lach. "Analysis of exceedings the speed limit in Poland". WUT Journal of Transportation Engineering 120 (1.03.2018): 253–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.4778.
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Driving with excessive speed is considered as one of the main factors affecting traffic safety. This factor affects not only to the risk associated with the participation in a traffic accident, but also on the consequences of these accidents. The paper presents the analysis of the number of exceeding the speed limit in Poland. The analysis was based on data obtained from the Center of Automatic Supervision of Road Traffic. Of all Polish voivodships, the highest number of exceeding the speed limit was disclosed in the Mazowieckie and Śląskie Voivodships. Furthermore, in all voivodeships, the highest number of exceeding the speed limit was recorded in the range of 11-30 km/h. The smallest drivers group is exceeding the speed limit over 50 km/h. A positive phenomenon is the fact that as the speed increases, the number of vehicle drivers exceeding the speed limit is decreases. The presented data confirms that the basic tool used to improve road traffic safety is proper speed management and supervision.
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Perkins Coppola, Matthew. "Talking and Writing to Learn: The Physics of Traffic Intersection Safety, Part One". Hoosier Science Teacher 41, nr 1 (15.02.2018): 6–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.14434/thst.v41i123677.
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Physics students learn to engage in argument-based inquiry through mathematical modeling and analysis of real-world data collected from a traffic intersection in their own neighborhood. In this first part of the lesson, students focus on a single traffic intersection. Groups of students used equations of motion to construct simple mathematical models to describe how a driver approaches a yellow light at a traffic intersection. Students tested these mathematical models with a fictitious data set, then as a group collected and analyzed data from an actual traffic intersection of their choosing. Students determined the safety of the traffic intersection and presented their findings to their peers and invited members of the community. This practical research project set the stage for students (in Part Two) to tackle the larger question of whether cameras should be used to enforce traffic laws.
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Susanti, Susanti. "Pengkajian Tingkat Kelelahan Petugas Air Traffic Controller (ATC) Dalam Meberikan Pelayanan Lalu Lintas PEnerbangan di Bandara Juanda Surabaya". WARTA ARDHIA 37, nr 3 (30.09.2011): 211–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.25104/wa.v37i3.168.211-222.
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Assessment of Air Traffic Controllers (ATC) Fatigue Level in Providing flight Traffic services at Juanda International Airport Surabaya is to know how the description of Air traffic controller fatigue level in guiding services air traffic that impact on aviation safety. Assessment method used descriptive quantitative method by using Paired Sample T-Tesf method analysis, comparing the condition of fatigue before and after the ATC on duty, as well as exposure and detailed explanation based on the primary and secondary data compilation and the data have been processed. The assessment result shows that there are level of fatigue of Air Traffic Controller that significant, both of physical and psychological factors.
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Renddy Wandhana Suryaman, Gunawan Wang i Viany Utami Tjhin. "Application of Data Mining for Slot Time Prediction at International Airports in Indonesia: J48 Algorithm". Aptisi Transactions on Technopreneurship (ATT) 4, nr 3 (30.09.2022): 215–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.34306/att.v4i3.263.
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Abstract
In aviation, the safety and smooth flow of flight traffic is a business core, where every flight traffic service is expected to avoid delays caused by aircraft movement either in the air or on land. Therefore, the time slot at the airport is essential for the accuracy of the movement of aircraft, both Departure and Arrival, and this is intended to avoid delays caused by the accumulation of queues of planes that will depart and planes that will land, with a large number of aircraft movements at the International Airport. Soekarno Hatta requires analysis with data mining techniques such as the J48 algorithm and Decision Tree, and Naïve Bayes.
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Erviana, Vera Yuli, Oktomi Wijaya i Farid Suryanto. "Problem and needs analysis for the development of traffic safety education for elementary school students in Yogyakarta". International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE) 13, nr 4 (1.08.2024): 2230. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v13i4.28572.
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<span lang="EN-US">The establishment of a traffic safety culture in Indonesia is a challenge, and there are many factors that contribute to this difficulty. To instill awareness and culture, the concept is taught through education from an early age. Therefore, this study aimed to develop traffic safety education for elementary school students in Yogyakarta using a qualitative approach. Data were obtained through four focus group discussion (FGD) sessions with school principals, teachers, parents, and school security officers. The analysis was conducted by transcribing, extracting important statements, formulating meanings, and categorizing the findings into themes. The results showed four themes from the analysis, such as unsafe behavior, education content, teaching methods, and stakeholder support. Traffic safety education was taught from an early age to elementary school students, and the content was delivered using appropriate teaching methods. The success of education required support from different parties in Yogyakarta City.</span>
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Wijaya, May Sekar, i Djoko Widagdo. "Analysis of Apron Movement Control Coordination in Plotting Parking Stands to Support Flight Safety at Adi Soemarmo Airport Solo". AURELIA: Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat Indonesia 2, nr 2 (4.07.2023): 1512–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.57235/aurelia.v2i2.752.
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Apron Movement Control (AMC) at Adi Soemarmo International Airport is aimed at monitoring all traffic movements in the apron area consisting of air traffic, vehicles and personnel at the airport, supervision here provides the meaning of the steps needed to prevent accidents from happening. in this case the case of a collision between the three elements forming the apron traffic, where they carry out joint activities. In addition, supervision is also intended so that traffic control can take place smoothly, if the parking stand plotting is not in accordance with the existing SOP, plotting errors will occur. This research is to find out the role of AMC in coordinating Plotting Parking Stands to support flight safety and to find out what are the constraints of AMC in coordinating Plotting Parking Stands to support flight safety at Adi Soemarmo Solo Airport. This research is a qualitative research. Data collection techniques used are observation, interviews and documentation. Observation of this study by direct observation of the handling of AMC coordination in plotting parking stands at Adi Soemarmo International Airport. The interviews in this study were Apron Movement Control (AMC) unit officers, tower unit officers and Ground Handling officers at Adi Soemarmo International Airport. Data analysis consists of data reduction (data reduction), data presentation (data display) and drawing conclusions (drawing/ verification). The validity of the data using triangulation techniques. The results of this study can be concluded that the important role of AMC in coordinating plotting parking stands is very large and has great responsibility in each of its operations, one of which is regarding plotting parking stands. As well as coordination carried out by AMC with towers and ground parties. One of the obstacles faced by Apron Movement Control was the implementation of the parking stand plotting procedure carried out by AMC for the tower and ground which had to be taken by one of the parties due to communication constraints carried out by the relevant parties, because if the plane is delayed, damaged or there are many requests it must be coordinated swiftly and responsively with competent personnel as stated by AMC.
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Yang, Jiale. "Measuring road safety advance by IW-EDAS-KNN: A case study for OAS countries". Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 27 (27.12.2022): 743–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v27i.3840.
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Road Safety is an important aspect when considering the public health of a nation. Road Safety is becoming an increasing concern among nations, and road safety hazards remained a huge problem in some nations, causing financial loss and fatalities. Estimated results demonstrates that road traffic injuries cost the government approximately 3% of GDP, and up to 5% in low- and middle-income countries [1]. Since the road traffic incidence created substantial financial burden, it is necessary to control risk factors and improve the road safety advance. By evaluating the road safety conditions of each individual states, or by comparing the road safety status of a group of states, we can identify the potential strengths and weaknesses of each state hence give suggestions for future improvements. This paper looks at a ten-year data (2009-2019), source from the World Health Organization, the Pan American Health Organization, and the Traffic Safety Data and Analysis Group. The aim of this research is to evaluate and benchmark the road safety conditions of the members states of the Organization of American States by applying Evaluation Based on Distance from Average Solution, a Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) technique for classification; identify the continuity in development and advancement of road safety conditions for each state; group the member states of OAS into classes by applying K-Nearest Neighbor Analysis, an algorithm for classification and regression that group objects into classes based on its k nearest neighbors; and make suggestion for future improvements for each member states with respect to their group members. It is concluded that certain indicators are underperformed by a majority of OAS members, which allowed policymakers to identify the potential weakness in road safety performance and offer effective intervention. Additionally, suggestions are made for under-performing countries of the OAS to refer to the road safety procedure from the best-performing nations for future road safety advances.
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Brzozowska-Rup, Katarzyna, i Marzena Nowakowska. "Modelling road traffic safety indices by means of regression with panel data". Engineering Management in Production and Services 12, nr 4 (1.12.2020): 40–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/emj-2020-0026.
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Abstract Although the occurrence of road accidents and the number of road accident casualties in almost all Polish voivodeships has decreased over the last few years, the rate of this change varies considerably from region to region. To provide a better understanding of such a tendency, panel data regression models are proposed to conduct this pilot research which evaluates the relative performance of Polish regions in terms of their road traffic safety. Panel data are multi-dimensional data which involve measurements over time. In the research, a voivodeship is a unit analysed at a group level, whereas a year is a unit analysed at a time level. A two-way error component regression model has been applied to survey the impact of regressors, the group effects, and time effects on a dependent variable. The analysis has been conducted using data acquired from the Statistics Poland Local Data Bank website, as well as from the General Directorate for National Roads and Motorways. The panel data from 16 regions in Poland and the 2012–2018 period have been investigated. The examined models refer to road traffic safety indices defined based on the following characteristics: the number of road accidents, the number road fatalities, and the number of people injured. The results of all the three models indicate a negative effect as regards the GDP per capita, (car) motorisation rate, the indicator of government expenditure for current maintenance of national roads, and the road length per capita. A positive association has been found between the truck motorisation rate and the indicator of local government expenditure on roads. The impact of the region's urbanisation indicators on road safety is ambiguous as, on the one hand, its increase causes a reduction in the road accident and accident injury indices, but, on the other hand, it produces a rise in the accident fatality index. In the models, the significance of time effects has been identified; a decreasing time trend suggests a general improvement in road safety from year to year. Most of the group effects have turned out to be highly significant. However, the effects differ as regards both the road accident and the accident injury indices in magnitude and direction.
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Wang, Liang, Yaohua Wang, Xiaoqiang Yang, Kai Cheng, Haishan Yang, Baoguo Zhu, Chengfei Fan i Xinwei Ji. "Coding ATC Incident Data Using HFACS: Intercoder Consensus". International Journal of Quality, Statistics, and Reliability 2011 (20.11.2011): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/379129.
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Reliability studies for coding contributing factors of incident reports in high hazard industries are rarely conducted and reported. Although the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS) appears to have a larger number of such studies completed than most other systems doubt exists as the accuracy and comparability of results between studies due to aspects of methodology and reporting. This paper reports on a trial conducted on HFACS to determine its reliability in the context of military air traffic control (ATC). Two groups participated in the trial: one group comprised of specialists in the field of human factors, and the other group comprised air traffic controllers. All participants were given standardized training via a self-paced workbook and then read 14 incident reports and coded the associated findings. The results show similarly low consensus for both groups of participants. Several reasons for the results are proposed associated with the HFACS model, the context within which incident reporting occurs in real organizations and the conduct of the studies.
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Reyad, Passant, Emanuele Sacchi, Shewkar Ibrahim i Tarek Sayed. "Traffic Conflict–Based Before–After Study with Use of Comparison Groups and the Empirical Bayes Method". Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2659, nr 1 (styczeń 2017): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2659-02.
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Road safety evaluations mainly rely on the analysis of crash data that are challenged by well-recognized availability and quality issues. The statistical models used to predict the safety level of road sites—that is, safety performance functions—have recently been successfully developed with the use of traffic conflict observations instead of crashes. As such, it is possible to adopt and transfer the statistical techniques used in crash-based road safety analysis to conflict-based analysis. The use of statistically rigorous techniques in crash-based before-and-after (BA) studies is essential for evaluation of the effectiveness of road safety countermeasures. In particular, the use of Bayesian methods, such as the empirical Bayes (EB) technique, is vital to control for confounding factors that can operate simultaneously with the countermeasure and may affect road safety performance. The main objective of this paper was to estimate the treatment effectiveness of two traffic signal (visibility) improvement projects in the city of Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, with a conflict-based BA study using the comparison group and the EB methods. More than 300 h of video data with traffic conflict observations was automatically collected and analyzed by computer vision techniques for two treatment intersections and two control (untreated) intersections before and after the signal improvement projects. The results of the comparison group method showed a statistically significant 24% reduction in the average number of rear-end conflicts per hour, whereas the EB method showed a statistically significant 24.5% reduction in the average number of total conflicts per hour.
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Berhanu, Yetay, Esayas Alemayehu i Dietrich Schröder. "Examining Car Accident Prediction Techniques and Road Traffic Congestion: A Comparative Analysis of Road Safety and Prevention of World Challenges in Low-Income and High-Income Countries". Journal of Advanced Transportation 2023 (25.07.2023): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/6643412.
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Road accidents are a significant negative outcome of transportation systems, causing injuries, fatalities, traffic congestion, and economic losses. As cities expand and the number of vehicles on the road increases, traffic accidents (TAs) have become a significant problem. Studies have shown that urban development plays a more significant role in transportation safety than previously thought. Low-income countries have higher fatality rates than high-income countries, according to the Permanent International Association of Road Congress (PIARC) and the World Health Organization (WHO). Predicting and preventing the occurrence of accidents and congestion is necessary worldwide, especially in developing countries where fatality rates are higher. The objective of this study is to examine and make a comparative analysis in low-income and high-income countries of the existing literature on the global challenge of car accidents and use its prediction techniques to enhance road safety and reduce traffic congestion. The study evaluates various approaches such as logistic regression, decision tree, random forest, deep neural network, support vector machine, random forest, K-nearest neighbors, Naïve Bayes, empirical Bayes, geospatial analysis methods, and UIMA, NSGA-II, and MOPS algorithms. The research identifies current challenges, prevention ideas, and future directions for preventing accidents and congestion on the road network. Integrating GIS-based spatial statistical methods and temporal data and utilizing advanced optimization algorithms and machine learning methods can result in accurate prediction models that can help identify accident hotspots and reduce congestions and enhance traffic safety and mitigate their occurrence. Effectively preventing urban traffic congestion requires the integration of spatial data into precise accident prediction models. By employing spatial analysis, road safety planning can be enhanced, high-risk areas can be identified, interventions can be evaluated, and resources can be optimally allocated to facilitate effective road safety measures and decision-making, especially in settings with limited resources. Therefore, it is crucial to consider ML and spatial analysis techniques and advanced optimization algorithms to enhance traffic flow control, in road safety research and transport planning efforts.
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Pyra, Mariusz. "Safety of Cyclists in Poland in the Context of European Road Traffic". Sustainability 16, nr 9 (28.04.2024): 3682. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16093682.
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The growing interest in cycling as a means of urban transport has led to an increased focus on cyclist safety as a key aspect of urban planning and transport policy. Simulation studies conducted by the International Transport Forum have demonstrated that reductions in CO2 and other pollutants can be achieved in the context of urban transport, thus realising the goals of decarbonising road transport. The spread of modal transport in cities is a potential reality within the next decade. Bicycles play a significant role in this context. This article presents an analysis of data on accidents involving cyclists. National and international data were analysed to identify the main risk factors. The aim of the paper is to analyse the risk to cyclists with an attempt to identify and map the five biggest risks to cyclists in urban traffic. The aim of the research is to raise awareness of cyclist safety issues and to identify directions for further action to reduce accidents and improve overall road safety. The results of the conducted analyses indicate that the risk for cyclists in road traffic (including urban traffic) has been on a noticeable downward trend over the past five to ten years. This trend allows for the mapping of the most significant types/risks in cycling in urban environments, thereby enabling the implementation of risk management strategies based on the method of risk mapping.
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Kim, Yun Jeong, i Hyun Jeong Lee. "The Effects of Situational Role Playing-Centered Safety Education through Fairy Tales on Children's Safety Knowledge and Safety Problem Solving Ability". Forum of Public Safety and Culture 20 (30.01.2023): 65–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.52902/kjsc.2023.20.65.
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This study investigated the effect of situational role playing-centered safety education through fairy tales on children's safety knowledge and safety problem-solving ability.
The study selected 50 five-year-old children in Y Kindergarten in I Metropolitan City as the study subjects; the children were divided into experimental and control groups of 25 children each. Both groups carried out each assigned program with the same safety topics based on the seven standards for school safety, but the experiment group conducted the safety education program based on situational role playing through fairy tales planned by the researcher, and the control group conducted the annual safety education programs that were planned in kindergarten. Both pre-and post-tests were conducted across two weeks, and the experimental treatment was conducted twice a week for 12 weeks, resulting in a total of 24 sessions. The mean and standard deviation were calculated from the collected data, and covariance analysis was performed to determine the difference between the groups.
The results of this study showed that first, the experimental group improved significantly compared to the control group in terms of safety knowledge and its sub-factors, such as life safety, traffic safety, violence prevention and personal protection, prevention of drug and cyber addiction, disaster safety, occupational safety, and first aid. Second, the experimental group showed a significant improvement over the control group in terms of the ability to solve safety problems and their sub-factors including playing, complying with traffic safety rules, and emergency response.
This suggests that it is necessary to make active efforts to provide concrete and practical child safety education activities in order to derive sustainable effectiveness in each area of the seven standards for school safety education in the field of early childhood education by utilizing situational role playing-centered safety education programs through fairy tales.
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Kim, Mi-ju, Yu-bin Go, So-yeon Choi, Nam-sun Kim, Cheol-hee Yoon i Wonhyung Park. "A Study on the Analysis of Law Violation Data for the Creation of Autonomous Vehicle Traffic Flow Evaluation Indicators". Journal of Internet Services and Information Security 13, nr 4 (2.12.2023): 185–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.58346/jisis.2023.i4.013.
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The study analyzes the reason for the steady increase in the number of traffic accidents in Yongin City, Gyeonggi-do, despite the improvement of Korea's traffic accident system and the decrease in the number of traffic accidents. Seven years of traffic accident data is collected to analyze major legal violations and accident risks and to derive accident-prone areas and road risk indices through QGIS mapping. Based on this analysis, it identifies the causes of accidents in multiple accident areas, proposes improvement measures like the installation of a median strip and an unmanned traffic control device near a crosswalk, and emphasizes the significance of driver awareness and safety education. The aim of the study is to analyze road risk factors and suggest improvement measures to prevent traffic accidents, with the goal of improving the traffic situation in Yongin city.
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Li, Mao-sheng, i He-lai Huang. "Road-safety recognition and network equilibrium with perceived route-choice sets". Transportation Safety and Environment 1, nr 2 (1.11.2019): 126–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tse/tdz009.
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Abstract Safety is regarded as the second basic need in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs (1943), and safety recognition and circumvention behaviour in the route-choice decision-making process should therefore be accommodated in network-traffic equilibrium analysis frameworks. This paper proposes a framework by which crash frequency, forecasted using the safety-analysis method or compiled from historical data for intersections, is used to measure the safety consciousness of drivers. Drivers are then classified into different groups according to their acceptable-risk thresholds, and each group has its own route-choice set. Decision behaviour whereby drivers are willing to bear additional costs in order to circumvent travel risk is incorporated into the variational inequality model based on the user equilibrium in the perceived route-choice set (UE-PRCS), which is an extension of Wardrop’s first principle. The Frank–Wolfe algorithm, based on the convex combination method, is employed to obtain the solution. A small road network is used as a case study to illustrate the proposed framework, incorporating risk recognition and circumvention behaviour under different combinations of traffic demand and risk-sensitivity group ratio. The results show that the standard user equilibrium is a special case of the UE-PRCS, but that the UE traffic state is more common than the UE-PRCS under different parameters.
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Biancardo, Salvatore Antonio, Francesco Abbondati, Francesca Russo, Rosa Veropalumbo i Gianluca Dell’Acqua. "A Broad-Based Decision-Making Procedure for Runway Friction Decay Analysis in Maintenance Operations". Sustainability 12, nr 9 (25.04.2020): 3516. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12093516.
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The evaluation of friction is a key factor in monitoring and controlling runway surface characteristics. For this reason, specific airport management and maintenance are required to continuously monitor the performance characteristics needed to guarantee an adequate level of safety and functionality. In this regard, the authors conducted years of experimental surveys at airports including Lamezia Terme International Airport. The surveys aimed to monitor air traffic, features of geometric infrastructure, the typological and physical/mechanical characteristics of pavement layers, and runway maintenance planning. The main objective of this study was to calibrate specific models to examine the evolution of friction decay on runways in relation to traffic loads. The reliability of the models was demonstrated in the light of the significance of the friction measurement patterns by learning algorithms and considering the traffic data by varying the geometric and performance characteristics of the aircraft. The calibrated models can be implemented into pavement management systems to predict runway friction degradation, based on aircraft loads during the lifetime of the surface layers of the pavement. It is thus possible to schedule the maintenance activities necessary to ensure the safety of landing and takeoff maneuvers.
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Claresta, Gianiti, i Michael Baldauf. "Vessel Traffic Services (VTS) and e-Navigation to safely and efficiently connect Regions". Journal für Mobilität und Verkehr, nr 6 (10.11.2020): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.34647/jmv.nr6.id46.
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VVessel Traffic Services (VTS) are shore-based systems to ensure safe and efficient flow of shipping along coast lines and from and to ports. They are standardized and regulated by United Nation’s International Maritime Organization (IMO) with major contributing work from International Association of Marine Aids to Navigation and Lighthouse Authorities (IALA). VTSs serve as an additional safety barrier by contributing to the avoidance of maritime accidents and incidents. In the era of digitalization and automation shore-based services are becoming increasingly popular and an important tool to protect the marine environment. The Straits of Sunda divides the region of Western Java and Sumatra island. The straits serving national and international shipping and are characterized by high traffic density in its coastal waters, including crossing passage of the national heaviest ferry traffic. Consequently, it is one of the major safety concerns in Indonesia. Four accidents of ships’ collision, grounding, and fire on board have been recorded in the area from 2011-2019 as officially reported by the national safety committee (KNKT). At the same time, VTS provides valuable services to mariners. The implementation of operational standards that comply with international rules and regulations, such as IMO Resolution A.857(20), and IALA Guideline 1111, should be further developed to benefit from the broader set of VTS function. A basic marine engineering study has been done to investigate the roles of Merak VTS implemented at Sunda Strait using German VTS operation as sample cases. In this respect, empirical studies were used to collect primary qualitative data and analysis of secondary data concerning the aspects of human element, the technical and administrative work. The research is to investigate how Merak VTS could potentially improve its contributions to traffic safety and in what way the new routeing and the mandatory ship reporting systems can be integrated to ensure positive effects. The outcome of first basic studies suggests that well adapted procedures, proper equipment, and especially well-trained VTS staff may provide a huge potential to further improve as well as optimize the operation of Merak VTS.
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WNUK, Aneta, i Beata STASIAK-CIEŚLAK. "PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES AS TRAFFIC ACCIDENT PARTICIPANTS IN A ROAD SAFETY DATABASE IN POLAND". Transport Problems 18, nr 1 (1.03.2023): 217–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.20858/tp.2023.18.1.18.
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Actions related to the improvement of the safety of disabled road users have multiple levels and are burdened with problems related to the collection and proper analysis of road incidents. A meta-analysis of databases could provide a better understanding of the causes of these events and prevent them in the future. Currently, residual information on participants of road accidents can be found in the Accident and Collision Record System; the data are analyzed by the Polish Road Traffic Observatory and submitted to the International Road Traffic and Accident Database and the Community Road Accident Database. In connection with the above, an article was prepared containing a propaedeutic review of research materials to date, as well as domestic and foreign databases constituting the diagnostics of the research area. An international literature search was also conducted on accidents involving people with disabilities. The findings indicate the need to collect and expand information about disabled participants of road incidents, fill this gap in databases, and systematize them as the starting material for the development of remedial actions.
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Saputro, Dryo, Lina Handayani i Maya Kusuma Dewi. "PENGARUH PENYULUHAN SAFETY RIDING DENGAN MEDIA AUDIO VISUAL TERHADAP PENINGKATAN PERILAKU BERKENDARA". Jurnal Cakrawala Promkes 1, nr 2 (1.08.2019): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.12928/promkes.v1i2.577.
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Indonesia is a country with a high level of traffic accidents. Traffic accidents in Indonesia according to the World Health Organization is the third largest killer under coronary heart disease and tuberculosis. Traffic accidents are caused by several factors including human factors, vehicle factors, road factors, environmental factors and weather factors. Teenagers are one of the biggest contributors to traffic accidents. Age 13-18 years is the early teens where they just felt an interest in trying to ride a motorcycle. Teenagers think that they are mature enough to drive vehicles on the road, with the knowledge of shallow driving causing accidents. Traffic safety is greatly influenced by driver’s discipline. Driver’s discipline can increase the level of traffic safety. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of providing audiovisual safety riding counselling to the knowledge and attitude of driving. The research was a quasi-experimental with one-group pre-test post-test design. Respondent in this study was 70 Muhammadiyah 4 Yogyakarta high school students. The sample was gathered by purposive sampling technique. The instrument used was a questionnaire. The study began with a pre-test and then a video screening and conducted a post-test with the same questionnaire. The data analysis test was the parametric paired sample T-test, the non-parametric Wilcoxon test. The results of the non-parametric Wilcoxon test analysis obtained p-value of 0.000. The results showed that there was an influence of counselling with audiovisual safety riding methods on knowledge. The results of the paired sample T-test test analysis obtained 0.000 which shows the effect of providing audiovisual safety riding on attitudes. There is an effect of counselling using audiovisual safety riding methods on students' knowledge and driving attitudes.
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Kapskiy, D. V., E. N. Kot, S. V. Bogdanovich, A. G. Rybinskiy i K. Ibrayev. "Analysis of Placement Conditions on Roads and Characteristics of Railway Crossings in the Republic of Kazakhstan". Science & Technique 20, nr 3 (3.06.2021): 224–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/2227-1031-2021-20-3-224-233.
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Road traffic accidents of vehicles with a rolling stock of railways lead to the most serious consequences. Many level crossings are places of long delays of vehicles both before and after the traffic. In this case and in many others, the intersections of highways with railways sharply limit the capacity of the highway. Level crossings require the utmost attention of the traffic organization, since they must include not only devices for the movement of cars, but also pedestrian and sidings. Despite the fact that the problem of road traffic accidents at level crossings is not new, research and analysis of statistics in this area continues around the world. The paper considers the level crossings on the Republican highways of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Research has been carried out on ways to improve traffic safety at such crossings. The situation at the level crossings of the roads of Republican significance, as well as possible restrictions and regulatory requirements, have been studied in the paper. The paper presents results of a detailed collection of data at the facilities, which will serve as the basis for the development of a detailed program for improving the regulatory and technical base of the road sector in Kazakhstan to improve the safety of road transport infrastructure, taking into account existing standards. Recommendations are given for the implementation and generalization of advanced international experience in organizing road traffic at railway crossings, which will contribute to the adaptation of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the context of the development of transport and communications.
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Chen, Tim, Stepan Nikolaevich Morozov i C. Y. J. Chen. "Hazard Data Analysis for Underwater Vehicles by Submarine Casualties". Marine Technology Society Journal 53, nr 6 (1.11.2019): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.53.6.2.
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AbstractThe need to improve underwater vehicles in the coming decades has arisen from their increase in numbers and the movement away from the fields of marine research to marine tourism. This study explores the causes of submarine incidents from 1900 to 2009, using the SPSS 17.0 program to distinguish and decompose patterns. The results show that the root causes of such setbacks are flooding and sinking, fire, and explosion. In fact, even the most advanced atomic submarines were plagued by the problem of defects and human error. Given the camouflage innovations created by submarines, governments should consider establishing international agreements with different countries, similar to flight identification zones but for submarines, to offset the imaginable potential impact. In addition, the preparation and training of all diving vehicle managers should be strengthened because human error is one of the main drivers of submarine setbacks. Therefore, avoiding such mistakes is the basis for successful endeavors. The survey results presented during this inspection can increase the safety of underwater traffic.
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Zhang, Xue, Yi Lu, Xianwen Huang i Aizhao Zhou. "Research on the Effective Reduction of Accidents on Operating Vehicles with fsQCA Method—Case Studies". Applied Sciences 12, nr 24 (12.12.2022): 12737. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122412737.
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Traffic accidents are caused by man mainly, especially improper driving. The effective way to reduce safety accidents caused by improper driving is to find out the cause and path causing the accident, block the accident formation chain, and then reduce safety accidents. Therefore, using data from 337 road transport safety accidents in operating vehicles caused by improper driving behavior as the initial research sample, this paper uses the fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis method to conduct a group analysis of typical cases and identifies the cause and path of safety accidents. The research results show that there are mainly four types of paths leading to safety accidents. According to the distribution of their core conditions, safety accidents are highly correlated with passenger transport and the degree of individualization of business models on operating vehicles. The following measures can be taken to prevent safety accidents: strengthen the supervision of operating enterprises (especially individual operations and individual-affiliated operations), carry out detailed safety training, and fully use advanced technology such as big data and high-tech means. The research results will help traffic and road transport management departments to prevent road safety accidents more effectively, which is of great significance to promoting the healthy development of road transport.
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González-Sánchez, Guadalupe, María Isabel Olmo-Sánchez, Elvira Maeso-González, Mario Gutiérrez-Bedmar i Antonio García-Rodríguez. "Needs for International Benchmarking of Road Safety Management Based on Mobility Exposure Measures and Risk Patterns". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, nr 23 (6.12.2021): 12851. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182312851.
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Each year, 1.35 million people worldwide die due to Road Traffic Injuries (RTI), highlighting the need for further research. The risk of RTI is usually estimated as the number of casualties divided by the level of exposure in a population. Identifying the most appropriate exposure measures is one of the most important current challenges in this field. This paper presents an analysis of exposure measures used in empirical studies on road accidents. The results show a large variability in the exposure measures used, ranging from more general measures (such as population figures or vehicle fleet) to more specific measures related to mobility (such as number of trips, distances or travel time). A comparison of the risk patterns found shows that there is a partial consensus on the profiles with the highest risk of road traffic injuries. In conclusion, there is a need for the international standardization of criteria and data to be recorded, at least injury severity and measures of exposure to mobility, as the travel time disaggregated by socio-demographic variables and mode of transport. Such data would provide higher-quality results on risk profiles and facilitate the implementation of more effective, knowledge-based road safety policies.
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Skorobogatchenko, D. A., V. V. Borovik i A. I. Frolovichev. "Assessment automation of road traffic safety with account for road conditions of an individual itinerary". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2091, nr 1 (1.11.2021): 012051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2091/1/012051.
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Abstract The paper substantiates the need to develop an automated system for traffic safety assessment in urban agglomerations, taking into account road conditions. The authors suggest a methodology for assessment of road traffic accidents, which makes it possible to take into account a wide range of factors affecting them. The methodology is based on complementing the traditional approach of final accident rate calculation with algorithms for collecting and analyzing data using Big Data tools, in particular, convolutional neural networks, fuzzy neural networks such as ANFIS, and cluster analysis using the k-means method. All accident rates are grouped according to the principle of homogeneity of acquisition of information for their calculation. Further, one of the data processing tools is applied to each group. As a result, labor intensity is reduced and the effectiveness of the application of the method of final accident rates increases. For practical calculations, the authors have developed a client-server application that uses data on geometric characteristics, current traffic situation, weather and climatic effects at the time of the trip along a specific itinerary. By means of application use, the analysis of traffic safety on a number of routes in Volgograd was carried out and the results are presented in comparison with the calculations made via the traditional method. It is shown that the use of information about the current situation on a specific section of the road network in terms of the current time significantly increases the accuracy of calculations.
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Cieśla, Maria. "Modern Urban Transport Infrastructure Solutions to Improve the Safety of Children as Pedestrians and Cyclists". Infrastructures 6, nr 7 (9.07.2021): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures6070102.
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This article presents the issues and needs for modern solutions in building urban infrastructure, based on the smart city idea to improve the living standards of residents. Particular attention is paid to one of the most important aspects of life, related to road safety of children as pedestrians and cyclists. Pedestrian sidewalks and bicycle paths with high pedestrian traffic are classified as dangerous areas in many countries. More than 3% of the injuries and fatalities among pedestrian road users that are victims of accidents occur due to crossing the road. Therefore, it is necessary to apply various technical infrastructure solutions to improve the safety of this group of inhabitants. The scientific purpose of this article is the assessment of the safety level of children in pedestrian and bicycle traffic and the analysis of road solutions supporting the maintenance of high-level city safety. The research was based on the analysis of statistical data of accidents and the diagnostic survey method determining the safety of the inhabitants of southern Poland. As a result, an analysis of the level of child safety in urban traffic was developed, as well as key factors affecting the levels of road safety, based on the opinions of respondents. Potential places with the greatest risk of collision with minors have also been identified. There are also proposals for infrastructure solutions aimed at minimising accident risk levels in designated areas.
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Zafri, Rony i Adri. "Analysis of Pedestrian Crossing Speed and Waiting Time at Intersections in Dhaka". Infrastructures 4, nr 3 (2.07.2019): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures4030039.
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Pedestrian crossing speed and waiting time are critical parameters for designing traffic signals and ensuring pedestrian safety. This study aimed to carry out microscopic level research on pedestrian crossing speed and waiting time at intersections in Dhaka. To fulfill this aim, crossing-related data of 560 pedestrians were collected from three intersections in Dhaka using a videography survey method. Descriptive and statistical analyses were carried out, and then two multiple linear regression (MLR) models were developed for these two parameters by using the collected data. From the results, 1.15 m/s was found to be the design pedestrian crossing speed. Results also show that the crossing speed of pedestrians was associated with intersection control type, gender, age, crossing type, crossing group size, compliance behavior with control direction, and crossing location. In case of waiting time, findings show that pedestrians did not want to wait more than 20–30 s to cross the road. Furthermore, the waiting time of the pedestrians varied with intersection control type, gender, age, minimum gap, waiting location, and vehicle flow. Findings of this study will help to alleviate traffic safety problems by designing an effective intersection control system.
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ASMAEL, Noor M., i Mohanned Q. WAHEED. "ANALYSIS OF PEDESTRIAN CHARACTERISTICS CROSSING ALONG ROADS". Transport Problems 18, nr 4 (31.12.2023): 189–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.20858/tp.2023.18.4.15.
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Pedestrian crossing represents a substantial problem. In Iraq, there are no spaces marked specifically for pedestrians, which causes many conflicts between vehicles and pedestrians that lead to many accidents. The pedestrian death rate has increased recently due to the deficiency in adequate pedestrian infrastructure. However, to date, limited research has measured pedestrian behavior at crossing intersections in Iraq. There is a need to carry out in-depth studies to analyze crossing behavior to increase traffic efficiency and pedestrian crossing safety. Pedestrian crossing behavior is a serious issue to be addressed to provide adequate pedestrian facilities to enhance the pedestrian traffic environment. Road safety can be improved by locating crossing locations at the right locations and enforcing laws for pedestrian crossing. This study analyzes pedestrian crossing behavior in Baghdad City, Iraq, for four intersections at an unmarked crossing in the Central Business District (CBD) area. All required data were collected by video recording and a field questionnaire. Then, the data were extracted from video recordings and classified according to the selected variables. The period for observing the behavior was during the morning peak hours (November; time: 8:00 to 9:00 a.m.) for three days per week during normal conditions. This study examines pedestrian characteristics, vehicle/pedestrian flow characteristics, and traffic environment. Crossing patterns were followed for different gender and age groups. The finding reveals that the mean pedestrian speed is 1.33 m/sec. Also, males have a higher speed than females. The influences of age, gender, group size, and road width significantly affected pedestrian speed. The pedestrian speed decreased as pedestrian age increased. Gender and group size had significant effects on distinct crossing speeds. In addition, there is a weak significant correlation between pedestrian speed and selected variables. The study recommended specific marked places where a pedestrian must be located, and according to the pedestrian speed estimated in this study, a signal control for a pedestrian is recommended to be set up beside the street to organize the crossing with appropriate time for crossing safely.
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M. Tariq, N. Q. Mehmood i S. Z. Mahfooz. "Discovering associated factors behind road accidents using association rule mining: A case study from Gujarat, Pakistan". World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 15, nr 3 (30.09.2022): 001–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2022.15.3.0885.
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Traffic and road safety is an international issue that is among the major concerns of the respective governing bodies around the world. Regulations and restrictions surrounding this issue can be legislated and applied only after identifying and understanding the numerous factors and conditions that increase the likelihood of traffic accidents. In this research work, we study and analyze the road accidents data and figure out the major factors that contribute to these incidents. The data was collected from Gujrat rescue office and outstanding results are achieved by applying association rules mining using Apriori algorithm. Our research and analysis found that some factors are greater contributors than others and need careful enforced legislation. Other researchers have also used the Apriori algorithm to analyze traffic accidents data from their regions and like our experience this algorithm has produced accurate and effective results. We also try to provide additional insights through visualization that may serve as guidelines to regulate better traffic control systems
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Lović Obradović, Suzana, Hamidreza Rabiei-Dastjerdi i Stefana Matović. "Identifying spatiotemporal variability of traffic accident mortality employing a geospatial approach aiming at sustainable urban traffic management". Central European Journal of Geography and Sustainable Development 4, nr 2 (28.12.2022): 78–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.47246/cejgsd.2022.4.2.5.
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Traffic accident mortality (TAM) is a significant global problem and is a part of the sustainable development goals strategy. In Serbia, a decline in the number of deaths in traffic accidents is evident, but in certain time intervals and areas, the number of deaths is higher than in others. This paper adopted Joinpoint regression analysis and a geospatial approach to assessing spatial, temporal, and spatiotemporal mortality variability due to traffic accidents in Belgrade from 2016 to 2021. Results suggested statistically significant change during each year and spatial clustering of higher values of deaths in central Belgrade municipalities. Spatiotemporal analysis of traffic accidents data indicated a change in spatial clusters over time, pointing out two types of hotspots for traffic accident mortality—Sporadic- and New hotspots along the international highway, main, and local roads, in the broader area of the city. The main findings of this paper pointed to the areas in Belgrade where the population is more endangered in traffic compared to others. The obtained results and conclusions can serve traffic managers and decision-makers as a basis for more detailed research and local-specific traffic safety strategies.
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Mendonca, Flavio A. C., Julius Keller i Chenyu Huang. "An analysis of wildlife strikes to aircraft in Brazil: 2011-2018". Journal of Airline and Airport Management 10, nr 2 (21.12.2020): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3926/jairm.160.
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Purpose: Aircraft accidents due to wildlife hazards have become a growing safety and economic problem to the Brazilian and international aviation industries. These safety occurrences have resulted in significant direct and indirect economic losses as well injuries and fatalities worldwide. The purpose of this study was to develop empirical information obtained from the analysis of wildlife strike and aircraft operations data in Brazil that could be used for accident prevention efforts.Design/methodology: The research team collected and analyzed aircraft operations as well as wildlife strike data from the 32 busiest commercial airports in Brazil, from 2011 through 2018. Researchers obtained the number of aircraft operations at each of those 32 Brazilian airports from the Brazilian air traffic operations annual reports published by the Air Traffic Control Department. Wildlife strike data from the studied airports were obtained from the Brazilian national wildlife strike database. Descriptive data analysis was adopted to provide an intuitive and overall trend of wildlife strikes at and the 32 busiest commercial airports in Brazil.Findings: Results indicate that the number of wildlife strikes at and around the investigated airports increased 70% even though the number of aircraft operations at these airports declined by 12% during the period studied. Birds were involved in 88% of the reported events. Most reported strikes (59%) and damaging strikes (39%) occurred during the arrival phases-of-flight. Most (33%) strikes were reported by airport personnel. A finding of concern was that the majority of wildlife strikes (97%) and damaging wildlife strikes (96%) occurred within the airport environment.Originality/value: The current project contributes to the safety management of wildlife hazards in Brazil by conducting a comprehensive analysis of wildlife strike and aircraft operations data (2011-2018) in the 32 busiest Brazilian commercial airports.
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Aylward, Katie, Reto Weber, Yemao Man, Monica Lundh i Scott N. MacKinnon. "“Are You Planning to Follow Your Route?” The Effect of Route Exchange on Decision Making, Trust, and Safety". Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, nr 4 (13.04.2020): 280. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8040280.
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The Sea Traffic Management (STM) Validation project is a European based initiative which focuses on connecting and updating the maritime world in real time, with efficient information exchange. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate two functions developed during the project: a ship to ship route exchange (S2SREX) function and rendezvous (RDV) information layer, collectively referred to as S2SREX/RDV. S2SREX displays the route segment consisting of the next seven waypoints of the monitored route of a collaborating ship and the RDV layer that predicts a meeting point. S2SREX/RDV provides supplementary information to data acquired by existing navigation systems and is intended to improve situational awareness and safety through a more comprehensive understanding of the surrounding traffic. Chalmers University of Technology and Solent University completed an experiment using twenty-four experienced navigators in bridge simulators. Six traffic scenarios were developed by subject matter experts and tested with and without S2SREX/RDV functionalities. Qualitative data were collected using post-test questionnaires and group debriefs to evaluate the participants’ perceptions of S2SREX/RDV in the various traffic scenarios, and quantitative data were collected to assess the ship distances and behavior in relation to the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGs). The results revealed that participants generally trusted the S2SREX/RDV information, and most used S2SREX/RDV for decision support. The quantitative assessment revealed that the COLREGs were breached more often when S2SREX/RDV was used. Experimental findings are discussed in relation to safety, trust, reliance, situational awareness, and human-automation interaction constructs.
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Rajee Olaganathan i Roli Angelo H Amihan. "Impact of COVID -19 on Pilot Proficiency – A Risk Analysis". Global Journal of Engineering and Technology Advances 6, nr 3 (30.03.2021): 001–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gjeta.2021.6.3.0023.
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Pilot proficiency is essential in the aviation industry to maintain a safety record for successfully operating airlines. The current COVID-19 scenario has made it practically difficult for pilots to achieve the federal requirements stated in Title 14 CFR 121.439 (a) and 14 CFR 61.57 (a) (1). It has placed a burden on pilots to maintain their currency and proficiency related to cost and lack of aircraft access due to furloughs and lay-offs. The purpose of the first part of this study was to assess the impact of COVID-19 on global air traffic based on the data collected from the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and the U.S. Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS). The second part of this research study aims to assess the pilot’s proficiency before and after COVID-19 was officially declared as pandemic to identify any threats to aviation safety based on the incident reports submitted in the Aviation Safety Reporting System. The findings show that the highest reduction in flight operations was observed during May 2020 with -70.67 % compared with May 2019 at the global level. Middle East region witnessed a -57.35 % reduction in flight operations. Based on the number of flights operated in the year 2020, the Asia-Pacific region was the most affected region with 4,913,303 fewer flights than in the year 2019. For the U.S. domestic air traffic, a severe impact occurred in May 2020 with a -70.88 % reduction and 532,834 fewer flights than in May 2019 which was similar to the global air traffic trend. The number of incident reports filed by pilots regarding proficiency-related to COVID-19 issues in the ASRS data analysis increased by 1000% during this pandemic period. The results and recommendations of this research study will provide valuable information to the aviation industry that can aid in developing mitigation measures to decrease future aviation accidents related to pilot proficiency.
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Kearns, Suzanne K., i Julie Aitken Schermer. "Survey of Attitudes Toward Aviation Safety Management System (SMS) Training". Aviation Psychology and Applied Human Factors 7, nr 1 (kwiecień 2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/2192-0923/a000109.
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Abstract. With a growing volume of traffic, the aviation industry is moving to fully embrace a predictive approach to safety management, which requires the implementation of safety management system (SMS) training on an international scale. An online survey was distributed through an International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) State Letter to solicit perceptions of SMS training from a variety of international aviation professionals. The survey collected 1,103 complete responses. The results identified robust differences in how SMS training is perceived by men and women and by professionals from different geographic regions. Female respondents had more negative attitudes toward training than did males. Regarding regional differences, Middle Eastern participants had the most positive attitudes while Europeans reported the most negative attitudes toward SMS training. The data suggest caution is warranted before global distribution of SMS training and illustrate the importance of a learner analysis, as individual differences among learners may impact the effectiveness and adoption of SMSs.
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Šarić, Željko, Goran Zovak, Danijel Brkić i Tomislav Kučinić. "Analysis characteristic of hazardous locations in urban environments". Put i saobraćaj 66, nr 1 (26.03.2020): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31075/pis.66.01.06.
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International experience, as well as previous research in the Republic of Croatia, shows that successful identification and remediation of hazardous locations results in a significant reduction in the number of traffic accidents, especially those with the most severe consequences. One of the most important steps in the process of identifying and remediation hazardous locations is the direct inspection of the location on the ground by an expert team, which in the most relevant way identifies deficiencies on the road and related equipment. Total of 117 locations have been inspected in the Republic of Croatia in the past year, which represented potentially hazardous locations on state roads, of which 61 is in located in urban areas. Based on the reviews of potentially hazardous locations in urban areas, significant data were collected on the condition of the road and related equipment, the results of which were analysed in detail and presented in this paper. Based on these results, remediation measures have also been proposed, which enable increased road safety and reduced traffic accidents.
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Espinoza-Molina, Fabricio Esteban, Christian Fernando Ojeda-Romero, Henry David Zumba-Paucar, Giovanny Pillajo-Quijia, Blanca Arenas-Ramírez i Francisco Aparicio-Izquierdo. "Road Safety as a Public Health Problem: Case of Ecuador in the Period 2000–2019". Sustainability 13, nr 14 (19.07.2021): 8033. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13148033.
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Background: Road safety is a significant public health problem because it causes negative consequences on victims and families. The objective was to analyze the most significant changes in traffic crashes in Ecuador during the period from 2000 to 2019. With data obtained from the National Institute of Statistics and Census, we performed the analysis to identify: the number of traffic crashes, the number of victims, and other study variables. Methods: Descriptive and analytical statistics and the contrast of proportions were used to analyze data from 2000 to 2019. Results: According to the ideal joinpoint analysis model, there was a significant decrease in the number of recorded traffic accidents from 2015 to 2019 of −8.54 per year, while the tendency to die increased in females (2.05 per year) and males (3.29 per year). The most common crash was a collision, and the automobile appeared as the most involved vehicle from 2015 to 2019. The hypothesis test contrast is used to determine if statistically significant differences exist between age groups by gender of the driver injured in the period 2017–2018. Conclusions: This study determines the most significant changes in the variables related to traffic crashes, where mortality due to this cause in the last four years has had a growth rate of 1.8% compared to collisions that presented a rate of −31.12%. The contrast of the hypothesis test shows significant differences in the injury level between males and female drivers, depending on the age group.
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Ganiron Jr, Tomas U., Bernna Mae A. Ecija, Sean Lewis F. Quisao i Henry Lean E. Romero. "Bicycle Lanes Design for Road User Safety". DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION, MAINTENANCE 4 (18.07.2024): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/232022.2024.4.6.
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This study addresses the use of non-motorized transportation. The global benefits of the bike paths, bike lanes, and other types of bicycle-specific infrastructure consist of a reduction in traffic congestion and a decrease in emissions of greenhouse gasses and other pollutants that commuters face today. Additional indirect benefits, of no less value, demonstrate the benefits and viability of bicycles and non-motorized transport. The aim of this study is to design a bicycle lane north–south road from Commerce Avenue in Metro Manila and determine the characteristics of the bikers in the area and to analyze the treats affecting bicycle riders using descriptive survey. The results of the data analysis show that familiarization of paths & facilities in north-south road was the main treats leading for a protected bike lane. A bicycle safety programs for ecotourism was recommended from the results of data analysis and through purposive sampling, a group of transportation engineers validated the bicycle program as well as the bikeway program.
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Zhang, Chun Mei, Min Zhao i Lu Lu Zhai. "Study on Sustainable Development of Highway Traffic in China". Applied Mechanics and Materials 380-384 (sierpień 2013): 4628–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.380-384.4628.
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Based on sustainable development,the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) with eight input indexes and four output indexes, was applied to evaluate the highway traffic sustainable development of 31 provinces in China. The result shows that the input and output of highway construction has reached the best combination at Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Tibet. GDP(Group Domestic Product) and social total retail sales of consumer goods can be improved by increasing input in eleven provinces. From the perspective of traffic safety,accident rates will be no major increase when the government enlarge investment of highway building in our country,These results imply that China is making strong progress in the road traffic environment.
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Hesse, Christian A., John B. Ofosu i Samuel K. Darkwah. "The Effect of Age on Road Traffic Fatality Index in Ghana". International Journal of Statistics and Probability 5, nr 4 (21.06.2016): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijsp.v5n4p111.
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In this paper, data on road traffic casualties by age groups, from 2009 to 2013, will be used. Using published road traffic casualty statistics from the National Road Safety Commission of Ghana, a 2 ´ 8 contingency table is used to determine whether road traffic casualty and age group are independent. A one factor analysis of variance tests shall be used to conduct a comparative analysis of the rate of road traffic fatalities per 100 casualties across the various age groups in Ghana. A multiple comparison test, using the Fisher least significance difference (LSD) method, shall be conducted to determine which pairs of age groups are significantly different.The study will show that road traffic casualty is not independent of age group. The analysis of variance will show that there are significant differences in road traffic fatality indices (fatality per 100 casualties) among various age groups in Ghana. The risks of dying in a road traffic accident among children under 6 years and older population who are over 65 years are both significantly higher than those of other age groups. This points to the fact that, although smaller number of children under 6 years and older population who are over 65 years die in road traffic accidents each year, more and more people as a proportion of the recorded number of casualties, are being killed through road traffic accidents among these two categories of age groups. Thus, the probability of being killed in a fatal road traffic accident is significantly high in each of these two age groups.
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Simpeh, Fredrick, i Mariam Akinlolu. "A comparative analysis of the provision of student housing safety measures". Journal of Facilities Management 19, nr 3 (22.02.2021): 377–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfm-11-2020-0080.
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Purpose Security, safety, environment and health have become an integral part of facility management (FM). Therefore, FM departments within organisations are required to put measures in place to safeguard facility users. This paper thus aims to investigate and compare the safety and security measures that are provided in the student housing of two universities in South Africa. Design/methodology/approach A mixed method approach was adopted; interview was used to collect qualitative data, whereas a questionnaire was used as an instrument to collect quantitative data. Content analysis was used to analyse the qualitative data, whereas both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the quantitative data. Findings It became evident that university B had a better provision of safety and security measures in the student housing than university A. The study also found that both universities had some lapses in the safety and security measures provided in the student housing. Measures that were lacking in both universities were weapon detector, closed-circuit television (CCTV), water sprinkler system, burglar bars on the doors, lift for disabled students, disabled toilet facility, traffic light, tags for vehicles, first aid box, accident book and medically trained personnel. Research limitations/implications Data were collected from only two universities, making it difficult to generalise the findings of the research. For a broader perspective, a study that expands the number of participating universities is recommended. Practical implications The facility management and safety department in the universities can use the recommendations to improve on the safety and security measures required in the student housing. Moreover, the recommendations can contribute to the development of policy frameworks for student housing safety. Originality/value There is a paucity of studies on student housing safety/security worldwide, and South Africa in particular. With this study, the authors contribute to the body of knowledge in this area of research.
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Giummarra, Melita J., Ben Beck i Belinda J. Gabbe. "Classification of road traffic injury collision characteristics using text mining analysis: Implications for road injury prevention". PLOS ONE 16, nr 1 (27.01.2021): e0245636. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245636.
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Road traffic injuries are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Understanding circumstances leading to road traffic injury is crucial to improve road safety, and implement countermeasures to reduce the incidence and severity of road trauma. We aimed to characterise crash characteristics of road traffic collisions in Victoria, Australia, and to examine the relationship between crash characteristics and fault attribution. Data were extracted from the Victorian State Trauma Registry for motor vehicle drivers, motorcyclists, pedal cyclists and pedestrians with a no-fault compensation claim, aged > = 16 years and injured 2010–2016. People with intentional injury, serious head injury, no compensation claim/missing injury event description or who died < = 12-months post-injury were excluded, resulting in a sample of 2,486. Text mining of the injury event using QDA Miner and Wordstat was used to classify crash circumstances for each road user group. Crashes in which no other was at fault included circumstances involving lost control or avoiding a hazard, mechanical failure or medical conditions. Collisions in which another was predominantly at fault occurred at intersections with another vehicle entering from an adjacent direction, and head-on collisions. Crashes with higher prevalence of unknown fault included multi-vehicle collisions, pedal cyclists injured in rear-end collisions, and pedestrians hit while crossing the road or navigating slow traffic areas. We discuss several methods to promote road safety and to reduce the incidence and severity of road traffic injuries. Our recommendations take into consideration the incidence and impact of road trauma for different types of road users, and include engineering and infrastructure controls through to interventions targeting or accommodating human behaviour.
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Stević, Željko, Dillip Kumar Das i Miloš Kopić. "A Novel Multiphase Model for Traffic Safety Evaluation: A Case Study of South Africa". Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (11.06.2021): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5584599.
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Identification of key indicators that cause safety challenges and vulnerable roads is crucial for improving traffic safety. This paper, therefore, entails to the development of a novel multiphase multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) model to evaluate the vulnerability of urban roads for traffic safety. This was conducted by using data from 17 important roads of a South African city and combining several methods such as CRiteria Importance through Intercriteria Correlation (CRITIC), data envelopment analysis (DEA), and measurement of alternatives and ranking according to compromise solution (MARCOS). Taking the elements of the DEA method, two new approaches for calculating the weights of criteria, the DEA-1 and DEA-2 models, were formed and integrated with the CRITIC method to obtain the final values of criteria weights. The MARCOS method was applied to evaluate 17 alternatives, for each direction separately. The aim of developing such a model is to use the advantages of obtaining objectivity of criteria weights through linear programming and correlation of values of the collected data. Also, the MARCOS method, as one of the newer and applicable methods, provides additional significance. Extensive sensitivity analyses were conducted to validate the model. The findings suggest that there are a certain number of roads that have a high level of safety for both directions, as well as a group of risky roads, which need traffic improvement measures. Thus, the results indicate that the model is sensitive to various approaches and can prioritize vulnerable roads comprehensively based on which safety measures can be taken.