Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / International Monetary Fund

Gotowa bibliografia na temat „International Monetary Fund”

Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021
Data aktualizacji: 31 lipca 2024

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "International Monetary Fund"

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Officer, Lawrence H. "The International Monetary Fund". Proceedings of the Academy of Political Science 37, nr 4 (1990): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1173770.

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Lee, Simon. "The International Monetary Fund". New Political Economy 7, nr 2 (lipiec 2002): 283–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13563460220138880.

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SCHUMACHER, E. F., i T. BALOCH. "AN INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND". Bulletin of the Oxford University Institute of Economics & Statistics 6, nr 6 (1.05.2009): 81–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0084.1944.mp6006001.x.

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Buckley, Ross P. "Reforming the International Monetary Fund". Global Policy 3, nr 1 (14.12.2011): 102–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1758-5899.2011.00105.x.

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Peña Neira, Sergio. "25. International Monetary Fund (IMF)". Yearbook of International Environmental Law 21, nr 1 (1.01.2010): 637–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/yiel/yvs048.

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Argyropoulou, Venetia. "25. International Monetary Fund (IMF)". Yearbook of International Environmental Law 29 (1.01.2018): 512–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/yiel/yvz043.

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Polad Mammadova, Zarifa. "THE ROLE OF INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND IN ECONOMIC RELATIONS". SCIENTIFIC WORK 15, nr 2 (9.03.2021): 116–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/63/116-119.

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The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an international organization that plays an important role in regulating the economy and aims to prevent the economic crisis by providing various loans to many developing countries. At the same time, one of the IMF's priority goals is to reduce poverty. The article clarifies the issues related to the regulation of economic relations between the IMF and its consequences, as well as examines the legal and factual aspects of this regulation. Key words: The International Monetary Fund, organization, governance, surveillance, financial and technical functions, poverty reduction
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Hoover, Steven. "International Monetary Fund Publications2009112International Monetary Fund Publications. Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund Last visited December 2008. Gratis URL: www.imf.org/external/pubind.htm". Reference Reviews 23, nr 3 (27.03.2009): 20–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09504120910945146.

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Woo, Byungwon, i Amanda Murdie. "International Organizations and Naming and Shaming: Does the International Monetary Fund Care about the Human Rights Reputation of Its Client?" Political Studies 65, nr 4 (22.09.2017): 767–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032321717715397.

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Does a country’s abuse of human rights influence its ability to get a loan from the International Monetary Fund? We examine whether human rights conditions matter for the likelihood that a country participates in an International Monetary Fund program. We argue that human rights conditions are unlikely to be enough by themselves to influence International Monetary Fund decision-making; there are simply too many countries with poor human rights conditions that are under economic distress. Instead, it is the publicity and information that human rights organizations provide about countries that reduce the likelihood of International Monetary Fund program participation. We test the implications of this reasoning in a global analysis from 1990 to 2009 using an accepted model of International Monetary Fund program participation. We find much support for our hypothesis. We further demonstrate that it is those countries closer to the United States that are most likely to have human rights organization information reduce their likelihood of International Monetary Fund program participation.
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Ayee, Joseph R. A. "Swaziland and the International Monetary Fund". Verfassung in Recht und Übersee 24, nr 1 (1991): 52–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0506-7286-1991-1-52.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "International Monetary Fund"

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Saravia, Tamayo Diego. "International Monetary Fund programs and capital market access /". College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/1579.

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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2004.
Thesis research directed by: Economics. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Al-Ajlani, Riad. "Some issues regarding IMF and Third World relations". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.261828.

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Darrow, Mac. "Between light and shadow : the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund and international human rights law /". Oxford [u.a.] : Hart, 2003. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/364972661.pdf.

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George, Dion. "Perpetual Dependency: An Analysis of the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) and the Relationship with the International Monetary Fund". DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 2019. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/cauetds/172.

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This study examined the relationship between CARICOM governments and the International Monetary Fund (IMF). The study focused on three research questions: (1) What do the CARICOM leadership and other stakeholders believe are the major reasons why they continue to rely on the financial assistance and intervention of the IMF? (2) Under which paradigm of development do these leaders and stake holders perceive their relationships with the IMF? (3) How do younger and older CARICOM citizens perceive the future growth of their countries, under the leadership of the IMF? Both quantitative and qualitative methods were used in this study to analyze the research questions; therefore, this study used a mixed-methods design. Research question one was analyzed using a qualitative design, while the second and third research questions used a quantitative analysis in the form of descriptive statistics. The analysis, which was limited to six interviews, contained 13 questions. Thematic analysis explored themes such as unique crafting of policies to meet challenges; rationale to undergo IMF programs; ability to meet domestic and international payment obligations; and most applicable economic paradigm to CARICOM. This study also examined the economic paradigms undergirding CARICOM leaders’ decision to use the International Monetary Fund in addressing the socioeconomic and political development issue of the region. The sample consisted of 49 participants. The study concluded that the IMF policies are uniquely crafted to suit the specific CARICOM countries’ needs. These countries tend to invite the IMF interventions out of a sheer necessity and often are reluctant to do so. Yet, doing so provides access to additional funding and other resources that would likely have been otherwise unavailable. While the intent of the IMF programs is to eliminate the inefficient use of resources in these states, sometimes government spending can be impacted by its political nature and yield unintended consequences.
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Petersmann, Hans Gerhard. "Financial assistance to developing countries : the changing role of the World bank and International monetary fund /". Genève : Institut universitaire de hautes études internationales, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35013369s.

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Young, Eric Wight. "The International Monetary Fund and Social Safety Net Construction Failure in Indonesia 1997-1998". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32074.

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Throughout the International Monetary Fundâ s history it has been criticized for failing to address the negative impact its adjustment programs have on the poor in borrowing countries. This study examines the Fundâ s declared intention and actions regarding the construction of a social safety net in Indonesia from October 1997 until May 1998. A historical narrative using Constructivism as a theoretical framework is used to explain the relationship between the IMF, Suharto and the effect their interaction had on social safety net construction. This historical perspective reveals that rather than working towards building a social safety net, the Fundâ s main priority was the decentralization of Indonesian political and economic structures.
Master of Arts
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Azrieli, Naomi. "Soviet economic diplomacy, 1941-1947". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324974.

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Hasdemir, Fatih. "The reform of the economies of developing countries under the influence of international financial institutions : the case of Turkey". Thesis, University of Hull, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318996.

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Gardner, Jennifer Lynn. "IMF Conditionality and Political Dissent in Developing Nations". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42591.

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Conditionality refers to the program policies required by international institutions, such as the World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF), in order for countries to be eligible to receive access to resources provided by such institutions. In the case of the IMF these resources are available in the form of loans. The proper role of conditionality as a component of the Fundâ s financial arrangements with developing nations has been a topic of debate in both the political science and economic fields of study. On the political science side the argument has centered on whether or not austere and structural conditionality can in effect cause political dissent in the developing nations, and whether or not the process of conditionality violates the sovereign rights of nations. In this research study three Latin American countries (Brazil, Argentina, and Costa Rica) were utilized as case studies to try and determine whether or not their was a casual link between the implementation of IMF conditionality and instances of political dissent manifested as protests, riots, and strikes. Evidence of political dissent directly related to the implementation of IMF conditionality was found in all three case studies at varying levels. The instances of political dissent were then analyzed individually and as a group to try and determine specific cause, group dynamics, and the economic context in which they took place. The study concluded that as practiced in the 1990s and early 2000s conditionality can interfere with the democratic process in developing nations.
Master of Arts
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Kim, Jung-Kwan. "Monetary policy and exchange rate during the Asian Crisis". free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3052187.

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Książki na temat "International Monetary Fund"

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Fund, International Monetary, red. International Monetary Fund. Washington, D.C: International Monetary Fund, 2004.

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Salda, Anne C. M. International Monetary Fund. Oxford: Clio Press, 1992.

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Cooper, Mary H. International Monetary Fund. 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks California 91320 United States: CQ Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/cqrglobal19990129.

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Driscoll, David D. What is the international monetary fund? Washington, D.C: External Relations Department, International Monetary Fund, 1995.

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Driscoll, David D. What is the international monetary fund?. Washington D.C: International Monetary Fund, 1992.

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Driscoll, David D. What is the international monetary fund?. Washington D.C: International Monetary Fund, 1989.

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Brau, Eduard, i Ian McDonald, red. Successes of the International Monetary Fund. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230239494.

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International Monetary Fund. International Monetary Fund Annual Report 1997. Washington, D.C.: International Monetary Fund, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781451945102.011.

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International Monetary Fund. International Monetary Fund Annual Report 1999. Washington, D.C.: International Monetary Fund, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781451945232.011.

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International Monetary Fund. International Monetary Fund Annual Report 1997. Washington, D.C.: International Monetary Fund, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781451949957.011.

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Części książek na temat "International Monetary Fund"

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House, Brett, David Vines i W. Max Corden. "International Monetary Fund". W Banking Crises, 158–91. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137553799_18.

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Guilmard, Patrice. "International Monetary Fund". W American Translators Association Scholarly Monograph Series, 73. Binghamton: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ata.ii.16gui.

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House, Brett, David Vines i W. Max Corden. "International Monetary Fund". W The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 1–28. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95121-5_1966-1.

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Corden, Warner Max. "International Monetary Fund". W Lucky Boy in the Lucky Country, 181–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65166-8_15.

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House, Brett, David Vines i W. Max Corden. "International Monetary Fund". W The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 6767–94. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95189-5_1966.

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Goddard, C. Roe, i Melissa H. Birch. "The International Monetary Fund". W International Political Economy, 215–35. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-24443-0_15.

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van Meerhaeghe, M. A. G. "The International Monetary Fund". W International Economic Institutions, 23–71. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3576-4_2.

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van Meerhaeghe, M. A. G. "The International Monetary Fund". W International Economic Institutions, 25–65. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-5565-7_2.

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Van Meerhaeghe, M. A. G. "The International Monetary Fund". W International Economic Institutions, 21–66. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1930-8_2.

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Van Meerhaeghe, M. A. G. "The International Monetary Fund". W International Economic Institutions, 23–72. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1933-9_2.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "International Monetary Fund"

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Harper, Richard, i Abigail Sellen. "Collaborative tools and the practicalities of professional work at the international monetary fund". W the SIGCHI conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/223904.223920.

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Xu, Chenheng. "Analysis and Research of VAR Listed Monetary Fund Based on Big Data". W 2021 IEEE International Conference on Electronic Technology, Communication and Information (ICETCI). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icetci53161.2021.9563351.

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Barnett, Casey, i Bunthorn Yem. "Effectiveness of Synchronous Online Learning Compared to Face-to-Face Learning Among Higher Education Students in Cambodia during the COVID-19 Pandemic". W International Research Symposium on How did a Health Crisis Translate to an Economic Crisis? The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic. ALLIED PUBLISHERS PVT. LTD., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.62458/camed/oar/symposium/2021/79-90.

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INTRODUCTION The International Monetary Fund reported that global gross domestic product (GDP) contracted by 3.5 percent in 2020 compared to positive growth of 2.8 percent in 2019 (International Monetary Fund [IMF], 2021). This economic loss means more people will suffer the effects of poverty. The economic loss is largely due to COVID and its effects which include safety measures such as restrictions on gatherings and movement. One safety measure implemented by countries has been the prohibition of face-to-face learning in schools. However, the closure of schools may have ongoing negative economic consequences for years to come. A study by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) estimates that “due to lost productivity, one year of lost primary and secondary school learning will result in an economic loss equivalent to 202 percent of future GDP” (Hanushek & Woessmann, 2020, p. 9). Empirical studies are showing that learning loss arising from school shutdowns is proportional to the duration of the shutdown. For example, a study of national exam results for approximately 350,000 students in the Netherlands found that an 8-week shutdown resulted in a learning loss equivalent to the same period of the shutdown (Engzell et al., 2021).
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NEAMTU, Daniela Mihaela. "The Strategy of International Monetary Fund in the Recovery of the Post-Crisis Economy in Latin America". W The 14th Economic International Conference: Strategies and Development Policies of Territories: International, Country, Region, City, Location Challenges, May 10-11, 2018, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, Romania. LUMEN Publishing House, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/lumproc.63.

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Radojević, Tijana, Danica Rajin, Jelena Nikolić i Ričardas Butėnas. "The significance of international monetary fund credit arrangements in fostering the sustainable development of the Republic of Serbia". W FINIZ 2023. Belgrade, Serbia: Singidunum University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.15308/finiz-2023-35-41.

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Chikobava, Malkhaz. "CBDC - Digital Currency of Central Banks: Advantages and Disadvantages". W V National Scientific Conference. Grigol Robakidze University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55896/978-9941-8-5764-5/2023-196-204.

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The article discusses the advantages and possible disadvantages of CBDC (Central Bank Digital Currencies). This issue gained special relevance after the global financial crisis of 2008-2009. It is no exaggeration to say that in recent years the entire world has been swept up in the fever of creating Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC). More than a hundred central banks are engaged in this topic. Central banks of the People's Republic of China, India, Sweden, Kazakhstan, the Russian Federation and some other countries can be considered the most advanced in this matter. In about a dozen countries, the authorities have already announced the introduction of digital currency. But it's mostly the smaller jurisdictions that experts say are being used as testing grounds. The Bank for International Settlements (BIS) has studied the issue of CBDC in depth. It provides advisory assistance to individual countries' central banks in the preparation of digital currency projects and also initiates projects to connect individual countries' digital currency systems to use CBDC as a means of payment between countries. Some experts suggest that the BIS has far-reaching goals to create a single CBDC for all countries - a global digital currency that should replace the US dollar (Heller, 2021). As for the International Monetary Fund (IMF), until recently the topic of CBDC was of peripheral interest to it. However, by 2023, the IMF's interest has shifted towards digital currency. In April of this year, the annual spring session of the governing bodies of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank (WB) was held in Washington, where there were a number of speeches on the topic of CBDC. Keywords: digital currency, cryptocurrency, bitcoin, central bank digital currency, commercial banks, central banks.
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Luchian, Ivan, i Angela Filip. "The evolution of global financial imbalances in conditions of pandemic crisis". W International Scientific Conference “30 Years of Economic Reforms in the Republic of Moldova: Economic Progress via Innovation and Competitiveness”. Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53486/9789975155663.41.

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Global imbalances combine all forms of relations between different elements of the world economy, which have a certain negative impact, ie they bring some negative consequences for the global economy as a whole or for certain regions and countries. Based on the recognition of their existence and their interconnection through different transmission channels, the Generalized Model of Global Imbalances Synergy was elaborated by authors Kovalev and Paseko, which in our opinion could be adjusted to the current situation. The application of this model makes the onset of new financial crises predictable. The purpose of this research was to test this hypothesis. Research on the applicability of the mentioned model started from the works of Model’s authors and continued by examining of international financial institutions reports, statistical reports published on the Internet, as well as analyses of experts in this field from different countries. The International Monetary Fund specialists’ works confirm, to a certain extent, the viability of nominated model. The research carried out allows highlighting of some global imbalances in the context of the COVID-19 crisis. It is about global monetary imbalances, imbalance between income and consumption in certain categories of countries, the imbalance between the size of world economy and global debt, the imbalance between the excess liquidity and investment mechanisms functioning. The pandemic crisis in turn contributed to creation of new global imbalances of anti-crisis economic and financial measures. It must be mentioned the discrepancy between developed and developing countries through the prism of economic-financial intervention as anti-crisis measures. However, undertaking these activities require the attracting of additional funds, which in itself generates new problems. The results of conducted research allow drawing certain conclusions regarding current trends in the functioning of global financial mechanisms and their impact on financial market in the Republic of Moldova.
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Ciolomic, Ioana Andreea, i Ioana Natalia Beleiu. "THE ROLE OF INTERNATIONAL AND PROFESSIONAL ORGANISATIONS’ IN DEFINING STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES". W Fourth International Scientific Conference ITEMA Recent Advances in Information Technology, Tourism, Economics, Management and Agriculture. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/itema.2020.83.

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owned enterprises (SOEs) have an essential role in national economies worldwide, but regardless of their acknowledged contribution to the global markets, divergent opinions and approaches can be observed when defining and characterizing these entities. On the other hand, international organizations such as OECD, International Monetary Fund, European Commission, United Nations, World Trade Organizations, World Bank, Asian Development Bank, and professional organizations such as IPSASB and Chartered Institute of Management Accountants have an essential role in SOEs' activity. One of the biggest challenges that professional bodies have nowadays is to find a unique definition to match the need of practitioners and capture the complexity of SOEs. Even if there can be identified some common approaches between academicians, international, and professional organizations, there are some delicate areas that require substantial efforts for clarifications. The paper addresses this topic, aiming to clarify the main aspects concerning the definition of SOEs from international and professional organizations' points of view based on qualitative research methods.
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Stupachev, Sergey. "Some aspects of assessing the effectiveness of international financial assistance to the Republic of Moldova". W The 3rd International Scientific Conference "Development through Research and Innovation". Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53486/dri2022.18.

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The problem of assessing the effectiveness of financial assistance by international financial institutions (the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank) to the Republic of Moldova is considered. It is shown that the effectiveness of financial assistance should be determined on the basis of assessing the degree of its impact on the economic stability and economic development of the Republic of Moldova. The author's definition of the economic stability of the economic system is given, as well as the concept of its optimal structure. It is proposed to assess the sustainable economic development of the country using an indicator obtained on the basis of the rank parametric distribution of the economic cenosis. This indicator characterizes the stability and change in the structure of its economy. The parameters and structural changes in the rank parametric distribution of the economic cenosis make it possible to assess economic stability and economic development, as well as to identify problem areas in the country's economy.
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Pargaru, Ion, Marius Andra, Raluca Ana Vasilescu, Gombos Svetlana Platagea i Mihai Dinu. "Consequences of choosing the exchange rate regime on International trade". W International Scientific Conference “30 Years of Economic Reforms in the Republic of Moldova: Economic Progress via Innovation and Competitiveness”. Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53486/9789975155649.08.

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In the context of significant global economic turmoil and increasing financial, political and social risks leading to a decrease in aggregate demand worldwide and beyond, external competitiveness becomes a key variable in terms of the resumption of economic growth in Romania as integrated process in the aggregate evolution of the European economy. This paper aims to analyze the link between the exchange rate regime and international trade, in order to demonstrate whether there is an influence of the choice of exchange rate regime on the volume of trade. It also analyzes the influence of exchange rate volatility on international trade. The objectives of this research were: knowing the options for choosing an exchange rate regime; distinguishing the factors that determine the choice of an exchange rate regime; understanding the theories presented on exchange rate regimes; analysis of the impact of choosing an exchange rate regime in the countries of Central and South-Eastern Europe All data used in the paper were collected from articles, reports, summaries, statistics, books, but also official sites such as the International Monetary Fund or the Eurostat website. The data used were selected after deepening and understanding the ideas underlying the choice and influences of exchange rate regimes.
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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "International Monetary Fund"

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Bordo, Michael, i Anna Schwartz. From the Exchange Stabilization Fund to the International Monetary Fund. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, styczeń 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w8100.

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Takagi, Shinji. The G20 and International Monetary Fund reform. East Asia Forum, listopad 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.59425/eabc.1289055602.

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Reinhart, Carmen, i Christoph Trebesch. The International Monetary Fund: 70 Years of Reinvention. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, grudzień 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w21805.

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Bordo, Michael, i Harold James. The International Monetary Fund: Its Present Role in Historical Perspective. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, czerwiec 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w7724.

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Edwards, Sebastian. The International Monetary Fund and the Developing Countries: A Critical Evaluation. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, marzec 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w2909.

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Winters, Paul, Benjamin Wakefield, Irene Toma, Anneke Schmider, Frini Chantzi i Osman Dar. Facilitating progress towards SDG2: Zero Hunger. Royal Institute of International Affairs, luty 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55317/9781784135072.

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Sustainable Development Goal 2: Zero Hunger (SDG2) remains out of reach. SDG2 progress has slowed over the last few years, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic is expected to exacerbate the problem. Improving the leadership, governance and coordination of the three UN Rome-based agencies (RBAs) – the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) and the World Food Programme (WFP) – is crucial to achieving this objective. Lessons from comparable institutions, such as the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank Group and the World Health Organization may prove vital in realizing SDG2. While there are many actors that will influence progress towards this goal, the RBAs are best placed to lead on this initiative through improved transparency and leadership selection processes; the consolidation of RBA meetings and higher-level dialogue at those events; and enhanced collaboration at the regional, country and global levels.
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Storm, Servaas. The Art of Paradigm Maintenance: How the ‘Science of Monetary Policy’ tries to deal with the inflation of 2021-2023. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, październik 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp214.

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The macroeconomic models used by major institutions including the Federal Reserve and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) failed to predict the inflation surge during 2021-2023. The output gap, the unemployment gap, the New Keynesian Phillips curve and inflation expectations did not give timely and relevant signals. The re-emergence of inflation thus threw the ‘science of monetary policy’ off the rails. Faced with the choice between changing their paradigm and proving that there is no need to do so, the ‘scientists of monetary policy’ got busy on the proof. As a result, a number of ad-hoc epicycles have been added to the New Keynesian analytical core—with the help of which one can claim to be able to explain the sudden acceleration of inflation post-factum. This paper critically reviews the theoretical and empirical merits of three recent tweaks to the New Keynesian core: using the vacancy ratio as the appropriate measure of real economic activity; hammering on the considerable risk of an imminent wage-price spiral; and the resurrection of the non-linear Phillips curve. The paper concludes by drawing out sobering lessons concerning the art of paradigm maintenance as practiced by the ‘scientists of monetary policy’
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Abdo, Nabil, Dana Abed, Bachir Ayoub i Nizar Aouad. The IMF and Lebanon: The long road ahead – An assessment of how Lebanon’s economy may be stabilized while battling a triple crisis and recovering from a deadly blast. Oxfam, październik 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2020.6652.

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Lebanon is extremely unequal and has been rocked by massive protests in recent months. The country is facing a financial crisis and is in talks with the International Monetary Fund (IMF) about a potential bailout programme. Other IMF programmes in the region have focused on austerity and have driven increases in poverty and inequality. A business-as-usual approach by the IMF in Lebanon could have serious and far-reaching adverse impacts. Any potential policies pushed by the IMF in Lebanon must first be shown not to impact negatively on economic and gender inequalities, and must be drawn up transparently in consultation with local communities, civil society organizations and social movements.
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Mariscal, Rodrigo, i Andrew Powell. Forecasting Inflation Risks in Latin America: A Technical Note. Inter-American Development Bank, czerwiec 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009040.

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There are many sources of inflation forecasts for Latin America. The International Monetary Fund, Latin Focus, the Economist Intelligence Unit and other consulting companies all offer inflation forecasts. However, these sources do not provide any probability measures regarding the risk of inflation. In some cases, Central Banks offer forecast and probability analyses but typically their models are not fully transparent. This technical note attempts to develop a relatively homogeneous set of methodologies and employs them to estimate inflation forecasts, probability distributions for those forecasts and hence probability measures of high inflation. The methodologies are based on both parametric and non-parametric estimation. Results are given for five countries in the region that have inflation targeting regimes.
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Bustos, Sebastián, Luis Felipe Céspedes, John Leon-Diaz i María Orduz. From Discussion to Action: Characterizing Areas of Reform in Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, wrzesień 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0005171.

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Structural reforms modify the institutional and regulatory framework to foster economic growth and improve welfare. While initially linked to economic liberalization, the concept has expanded to encompass a more comprehensive array of sector-specific interventions. However, the increased level of detail in these reforms presents significant challenges in accurately identifying the specific type of reform implemented by each country. In this study, we employ a comprehensive analysis of the policy discussions in Article IV Staff Reports of the International Monetary Fund to shed light on the dynamic nature of reforms and unveil regional disparities in reform priorities. The findings demonstrate a notable shift in Latin American and the Caribbean countries, where there is a growing emphasis on reforms that prioritize transparency, enhance institutional quality, advance education and healthcare systems, and strengthen safety nets.
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