Artykuły w czasopismach: „International litigation”

1

Smit, Hans. "International Control of International Litigation: Who Benefits?" Law and Contemporary Problems 57, nr 3 (1994): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1191964.

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Thompson, Dennis. "The International Tin Council Litigation". Journal of World Trade 22, Issue 5 (1.10.1988): 103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/trad1988047.

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Greenwood, Christopher. "Some Challenges of International Litigation". Cambridge Journal of International and Comparative Law 1, nr 1 (2012): 7–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.7574/cjicl.01.01.2.

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Sands, Phillippe. "Enhancing participation in international litigation". Commonwealth Law Bulletin 24, nr 1-2 (styczeń 1998): 540–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03050718.1998.9986501.

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Sands, Philippe. "International Environmental Litigation: What Future?" Review of European Community & International Environmental Law 7, nr 1 (kwiecień 1998): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9388.00120.

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Arévalo-Ramírez, Walter. "Constitutions Challenging the International Court of Justice’s Jurisdiction to Adjudicate Territorial Disputes in Latin America". Zeitschrift für ausländisches öffentliches Recht und Völkerrecht / Heidelberg Journal of International Law 82, nr 2 (2022): 425–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17104/0044-2348-2022-2-425.

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Latin America has shown an increment in litigation before the international Court of Justice (ICJ) in cases related to territorial and maritime delimitation disputes. The ICJ has been their ‘natural’ jurisdiction thanks to broad competence clauses included in regional dispute settlement treaties such as the Pact of Bogotá. As a consequence of this increased litigation and the variety of results attained in judgements by the ICJ defining boundaries and sovereign rights around Latin America, a strange behaviour has become common place between the litigating States when they are not pleased with the result. Several Latin American States have opposed their constitutions to the ICJ judgements, invoking a particular constitutional clause, common in the regional historic embrace of the uti possidetis iuris principle, known as the ‘constitutional territory clause’.

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Meurling, E., i B. Volders. "Umbrella Clauses in International Investment Litigation". European Procurement & Public Private Partnership Law Review 2, nr 2 (2007): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.21552/epppl/2007/2/54.

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Bradley, Curtis A., i Jack L. Goldsmith. "Pinochet and International Human Rights Litigation". Michigan Law Review 97, nr 7 (czerwiec 1999): 2129. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1290183.

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Legum, Barton. "Developments in International Human Rights Litigation". Proceedings of the ASIL Annual Meeting 90 (1996): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0272503700085797.

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Fitchen, Jonathan. "International Commercial Litigation by Richard Fentiman". Modern Law Review 74, nr 3 (maj 2011): 496–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2230.2011.849-1.x.

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Sun, Xiangzhuang. "A Chinese Approach to International Commercial Dispute Resolution: The China International Commercial Court". Chinese Journal of Comparative Law 8, nr 1 (1.06.2020): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cjcl/cxaa015.

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Abstract This article critically reviews the establishment and operation of the China International Commercial Court (CICC) from an insider’s perspective. It offers a detailed introduction to a few of the innovative measures of the CICC, including the International Commercial Expert Committee, the ‘one-stop’ forum for a dispute settlement mechanism integrating litigation, mediation, and arbitration, more convenient litigation procedures, and the use of advanced technology in dispute resolution. More importantly, it candidly discusses the challenges facing the CICC and makes several recommendations for its improvement towards more professionalism and internationalization.

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Alexander, Charlotte S. "Litigation Migrants". American Business Law Journal 56, nr 2 (20.05.2019): 235–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ablj.12138.

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Churchill, Robin, i Joanne Scott. "THE MOX PLANT LITIGATION: THE FIRST HALF-LIFE". International and Comparative Law Quarterly 53, nr 3 (lipiec 2004): 643–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iclq/53.3.643.

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In 2001 Ireland commenced litigation against the United Kingdom (UK) over the construction and operation of a plant to produce mixed oxide fuels at the Sellafield nuclear complex in north-west England. This litigation, which had been only partially concluded at the time of writing, raises a series of fascinating and often complex issues of both international and EU law. These include the potential for overlapping jurisdiction between different international tribunals; the division of competence between the EC and its Member States in relation to participation in treaties; and the use of litigation as a strategy for settling inter-State disputes. The aim of this article, apart from giving a snapshot of the position that the increasingly tortuous course of this litigation had reached by January 2004, is to explore these issues. The article begins by setting out the background to the litigation and giving a quick overview of its course so far. It then explores in more detail the questions of overlapping jurisdiction of international tribunals and of EC law raised by the litigation, before concluding with a few, rather speculative, thoughts about Ireland's choice of litigation as a strategy.

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Jones, Douglas. "Third-Party Funding in International Arbitration: Useful Experience from Australia". BCDR International Arbitration Review 5, Issue 2 (1.12.2018): 336–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/bcdr2018011.

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Australia is renowned as a leading jurisdiction for litigation funding, underpinned by an expanding market and generally supportive legislature and judiciary. Less clear is the Australian approach to third-party funding in international arbitration. In an exploration of the Australian litigation funding landscape, this article seeks to understand whether any lessons can be gleaned in addressing the growing role of third-party funding in international arbitration.Through a consideration of the discrete issues of disclosure, confidentiality, costs orders, and security for costs, it is clear that both the Australian and international responses to litigation funding offer valuable guidance on issues surrounding third-party funding in international dispute resolution.

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Meguro, Maiko. "Litigating climate change through international law: Obligations strategy and rights strategy". Leiden Journal of International Law 33, nr 4 (9.09.2020): 933–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156520000473.

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AbstractLitigation has presented itself as a serious means to vindicate normative commitments about climate change by forcing governments to review their policy priorities. Today, the use of such litigation is not limited to the domestic arena. International law now provides the new principal avenue for such litigation. Two litigation strategies stand out: obligations strategy and rights strategy. Obligations strategy consists of bestowing an erga omnes character to existing obligations regarding the protection of the global environment, thereby providing standing for a non-injured party before international courts. Rights strategy, on the other hand, significantly increases in practice. It consists in the invocation, before national and international courts, of remedies for environmental damages through the legal categories of human rights law.This article sheds light on the potential and limits of these litigation strategies in international law. The argument builds on the specific evolution in the legal architecture of international obligations under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The current structure of the UNFCCC now makes it substantially impossible to bring a claim against individual states regarding their specific measures against climate change. The article, by referring to the history of drafting which produced the specific structure, questions the ability of these litigation strategies to remedy the lack of international consensus and to accommodate the technical intricacy of how to turn normative commitments into actual action for climate change.

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Pérez Aznar, Facundo. "Local Litigation Requirements in International Investment Agreements: Their Characteristics and Potential in Times of Reform in Latin America". Journal of World Investment & Trade 17, nr 4 (19.08.2016): 536–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22119000-12340003.

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A number of international investment agreements (IIAs) set out a ‘local litigation requirement’, i.e. specify that recourse to investor-State arbitration becomes possible only after a certain period of time spent litigating in domestic courts. Numerous tribunals have dealt with this type of provision but they have followed different approaches as to its nature, function and scope, or as to whether non-compliance with it can be excused. This article focuses on the different aspects of local litigation requirement clauses in search of an interpretation that gives effectiveness to the provision, paying particular attention to the experience of Latin American countries and arbitral decisions discussing this topic, which in most cases involve countries from this region. It is argued that this precondition has an enormous potential to foster good governance and could serve to achieve a better coexistence between investor-State dispute settlement (ISDS) and local tribunals.

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Adjovu, Nana Amma. "Litigation or Adr: Which Benefits International Relations". International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science 06, nr 08 (2022): 288–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2022.6813.

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El-Hakim, Jacques. "Syrian Rules of Evidence in International Litigation". Arab Law Quarterly 5, nr 4 (1990): 282–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157302590x00206.

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Parlett, Kate. "Parties’ Engagement with Experts in International Litigation". Journal of International Dispute Settlement 9, nr 3 (26.04.2018): 440–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jnlids/idy018.

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Lowe, Vaughan. "THE FUNCTION OF LITIGATION IN INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY". International and Comparative Law Quarterly 61, nr 1 (styczeń 2012): 209–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020589311000613.

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The title of this article1 is drawn from Sir Hersch Lauterpacht's famous monograph, published in 1933, entitled The Function of Law in the International Community.2 Writing in a decade when the shattering effects of the physical destruction wrought by World War I were giving way to the debilitating effects of the Great Depression, and when the invasions of Manchuria and Abyssinia would sit side-by-side with the rise of Fascism in Germany and the great Stalinist terror in Russia, Lauterpacht was, not unnaturally, seeking a better way to a peaceful future under the Rule of Law. At that time, the recently established International Court in The Hague was dealing with acutely political cases, such as the question of the compatibility of the Austro-German Customs Union with the post-war peace settlement;3 and the cool rationality of debate in the Peace Palace seemed to offer a better way.

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Fawcett, J. J. "Multi-Party Litigation in Private International Law". International and Comparative Law Quarterly 44, nr 4 (październik 1995): 744–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iclqaj/44.4.744.

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Maffei, Stefano. "C. F. Amerasinghe, Evidence in International Litigation". Nordic Journal of International Law 75, nr 1 (2006): 183–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181006778530849.

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Hendriani, Mutia Marta. "LOANS SETTLEMENT AT FEDERAL INTERNATIONAL FINANCE Ltd. (FIF) BANDAR LAMPUNG CITY". Cepalo 5, nr 2 (31.12.2021): 121–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.25041/cepalo.v5no2.2363.

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There are many ways to purchase a vehicle, including a credit system. However, various problems arise in its application regarding the settlement of bad loans caused by default debtors. This study aims to analyse the efforts made by Federal International Finance Ltd. (FIF) Bandar Lampung City in resolving motor vehicle bad loans due to default debtors. This study uses empirical normative legal research methods and qualitative descriptive methods. The data is obtained from direct observations and interviews, then linked to legal regulations concerning the default problem. The results indicate that Federal International Finance Ltd. has an ideal solution to resolve bad Loans through litigation and non-litigation. Efforts to settle bad loans through non-litigation could be made by giving a subpoena to the debtor. Furthermore, the creditor could take litigation by filing a civil lawsuit against the debtor for default according to Article 1243 of the Civil Code.

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Parrish, Austen L. "Kiobel's Broader Significance: Implications for International Legal Theory". AJIL Unbound 107 (2013): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2398772300009648.

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The U.S. Supreme Court's decision in Kiobel v. Royal Dutch Petroleum Co. has ushered in a new era for human rights enforcement. Unanimously, the Court ended so–called foreigncubed human rights cases, that is, litigation where foreign plaintiffs sue foreign defendants for activity occurring abroad. The broadest form of universal civil jurisdiction that the Second Circuit's decision in Filártiga v.Pena–Irala once appeared to promise is over. Alien Tort Statute (ATS) litigation, while not foreclosed, has become more limited.

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KIM, Moonsoook. "International Jurisdiction regarding Personal Status Litigation in Japan －on amended Personal Status Litigation Act－". Korea Private International Law Journal 25, nr 2 (31.12.2019): 403–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.38131/kpilj.2019.12.25.2.403.

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Huo, Zhengxin, i Man Yip. "COMPARING THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL COURTS OF CHINA WITH THE SINGAPORE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL COURT". International and Comparative Law Quarterly 68, nr 04 (19.09.2019): 903–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020589319000319.

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AbstractThe article critically reviews the litigation framework of the Chinese International Commercial Court (‘CICC’) using a comparative approach, taking as a benchmark the Singapore International Commercial Court (‘SICC’)—another Asian international commercial court situated within the Belt and Road Initiative (‘BRI’) geography. It argues that the CICC, despite being lauded as a visionary step toward an innovative, efficient and trustworthy dispute resolution system, does not live up to those grand claims on closer scrutiny. The discussion shows that the CICC is in many respects insular and conservative when compared with the SICC. The distinctions between the two litigation frameworks may be explained by the differences in objectives. Whereas the SICC was created to compete for international judicial business and bolster Singapore as a leading dispute resolution hub, the CICC is presently designed to provide a legal safeguard in BRI disputes with Chinese elements. This article also identifies major challenges confronting the CICC and sets out proposals for change.

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Chaturvedi, Eeshan. "Climate Change Litigation: Indian Perspective". German Law Journal 22, nr 8 (grudzień 2021): 1459–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/glj.2021.85.

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AbstractThis article covers the recent trends in climate change litigation in India, capturing the peculiarities of the Indian judicial system that lend it the will, ability, and credibility to accommodate emerging principles of climate change laws within the law of the land. While tracing the historical underpinnings of judicial activism, environmental considerations, and strength of democratic institutions, this Article discusses some of the current developments in climate change case law in the country. Finally, in showcasing an increasing and immersive trend towards the inculcation of international principles of environmental law, this article establishes the dichotomy between an active judicial system applying international environmental principles at the domestic level and the roadblocks in terms of climate litigation in the recent times.

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Buxbaum, Richard. "Federalism and Corporate Litigation". European Business Organization Law Review 2, nr 3-4 (wrzesień 2001): 493–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1566752900000562.

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Izzati, Nur Arissa, Chusnul Qotimah Nita Permata i Miftah Santalia. "Assessing the Effectiveness of Settling Indonesian Sea Border Disputes through Litigation and Non-Litigation Paths". Lex Scientia Law Review 4, nr 1 (8.05.2020): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/lesrev.v4i1.38261.

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Conflicts or disputes over maritime boundaries often occur, disputes that cause two or more countries are one of the authorities of their respective countries to conduct negotiations so as not to cause prolonged conflict or dispute. Border disputes between sea, island, and state are included in the affairs of the international court through the role of international law, such as the dispute between Indonesia and Vietnam in the Natuna Sea region which mutually claims sea borders both the continental shelf boundaries and the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) boundaries, disputes between Indonesia and Malaysia in the Malacca Strait, the South China Sea Dispute, and so on. The existence of unilateral claims from each country there are still problems regarding sea borders that cause relations between countries experiencing conflict. Problems that cause disputes between countries are caused because the negotiations between the two parties have not been completed, violations occur by the disputing countries, there are still unclear sea boundaries, and others. The United Nations Convention on The Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) 1982 is an international maritime law that applies in the resolution of disputes at sea, but only countries that have ratified UNCLOS can apply this international sea law. In resolving this dispute a country can do with two channels namely litigation and non-litigation, where litigation is used for the last point in this dispute through ITOLS. The purpose of writing this article is to find out how the effectiveness of sea base dispute resolution in Indonesia through litigation and non-litigation.

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Welsh, Ron, i Kevin O'Gorman. "High-Stakes National and International Litigation: Management Issues". Journal of Petroleum Technology 57, nr 06 (1.06.2005): 46–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0605-0046-jpt.

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Heinemann, Andreas. "International Antitrust Litigation. Conflict of Laws and Coordination". Rabels Zeitschrift für ausländisches und internationales Privatrecht 77, nr 2 (2013): 388. http://dx.doi.org/10.1628/003372513x665720.

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Bendel, Justine, i Tim Stephens. "Turning to international litigation to protect the Amazon?" Review of European, Comparative & International Environmental Law 30, nr 2 (17.12.2020): 173–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/reel.12387.

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Forbes, Vivian Louis. "International litigation, by and against India: a commentary". Journal of the Indian Ocean Region 15, nr 1 (15.10.2018): 113–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19480881.2018.1534672.

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Ugalde, Sergio, i Juan José Quintana. "Managing Litigation before the International Court of Justice". Journal of International Dispute Settlement 9, nr 4 (20.07.2018): 691–724. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jnlids/idy027.

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Bhattacharya, Utpal, Neal Galpin i Bruce Haslem. "The Home Court Advantage in International Corporate Litigation". Journal of Law and Economics 50, nr 4 (listopad 2007): 625–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/519817.

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Blake, Janet. "Illicit antiquities and international litigation–the Turkish experience". Antiquity 72, nr 278 (grudzień 1998): 824–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00087421.

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In March, we discussed the founding of the Illicit Antiquities Research Centre (IARC) at the McDonald Institute in Cambridge (ANTIQUITY 72: 4–5). Here we publish a contribution towards the debate on the theft of antiquities from Turkey and their acquisition by museums in the USA. Turkey has long had an active policy in fighting cases for restitution of its heritage, and Janet Blake describes their success.

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McKibbin, Sarah. "Commercial Issues in Private International law". University of Queensland Law Journal 39, nr 1 (28.03.2020): 147–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.38127/uqlj.v39i1.3897.

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Interest in Australian private international law has rekindled over the past decade. Australian courts are contending with more transnational litigation than ever before, facilitated by the ease with which people, business and information now cross borders.

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Lisitsyna, Maria. "Strategic litigation against torture: Why domestic courts matter". Torture Journal 32, nr 1-2 (13.06.2022): 201–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/torture.v32i1-2.131921.

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Strategic human rights litigation is often associated with filing cases before international courts and treaty bodies. While international litigation is an important avenue of seeking social change and setting new standards of rights protection, it has its limitations and needs to be combined with domestic litigation to maximize the impact of legal action for seeking accountability and reparations for torture. This article argues that significant advances in protecting the rights of victims of torture and similar crimes can be achieved through domestic courts even in countries with limited respect for the rule of law. This article is not a review of global practice, it is based on lessons and reflections from personal experience of over 25 years of strategic litigation and advocacy against torture; learnings from the work of partner organizations and lawyers from around the world, as well as the study on the impacts of strategic litigation on torture in custody published by the Open Society Justice Initiative. The article discusses selected examples of strategic human rights litigation against torture before domestic courts in different countries. It argues that domestic courts can be better placed than their international counterparts to address some of the elements of protection of victims’ rights. It does not cover universal jurisdiction cases but rather focuses on how domestic courts can be used to address torture that takes place in the same country. It concludes with lessons learned from these experiences.

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Kennett, Wendy, i Peter McEleavy. "I. Civil and Commercial Litigation". International and Comparative Law Quarterly 51, nr 2 (kwiecień 2002): 463–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iclq/51.2.463.

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There continues to be a steady stream of cases, particularly those raising questions of interpretation of international instruments. Many nevertheless involve the application of those instruments to particular facts, rather than fundamental points of principle. The following are among the more significant.

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Yanguas, Tatiana, i Marco Tulio Molina Tejeda. "Litigating WTO Disputes in Spanish or French". Global Trade and Customs Journal 16, Issue 10 (1.10.2021): 523–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/gtcj2021062.

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WTO Members may resolve their disputes in any of the WTO official languages: English, Spanish, or French. This article addresses the litigation of WTO disputes in Spanish and French. We provide a general overview of the WTO disputes that have been conducted in these languages and address the strategic considerations that should be made before choosing a language other than English for litigation. We conclude that the final decision on what language is more suitable for litigation will respond to each party’s individual needs, and thus, will inevitably vary from one party to another. GATT, WTO, dispute settlement, languages, Spanish, French, international litigation

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Zhou, Suzanne, Evita Ricafort, Davi Bressler i Rachel Kitonyo Devotsu. "Litigation in tobacco control: past, present and future". Tobacco Control 31, nr 2 (marzec 2022): 291–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2021-056561.

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This paper reviews progress in tobacco litigation since Tobacco Control’s founding 30 years ago, with a focus on cases which are ongoing or recently decided. Litigation in tobacco control falls into several classes: legal challenges brought by the tobacco industry to block implementation of tobacco control measures, public interest litigation brought by civil society to push for higher standards of implementation of tobacco control measures and liability litigation by governments and individuals to hold the tobacco industry accountable for the harm it causes. In each class of cases, there are a number of major case studies which show the importance of international frameworks, including most significantly the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, to tobacco litigation.

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Babcock, Sandra. "The Role of International Law in United States Death Penalty Cases". Leiden Journal of International Law 15, nr 2 (czerwiec 2002): 367–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156502000183.

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The United States has repeatedly failed to notify detained foreign nationals of their rights to consular notification and access under Article 36 of the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations. In capital cases, US non-compliance with this ratified Treaty has led to litigation by foreign governments and individual lawyers in domestic courts and international tribunals. While these efforts have had mixed results in individual cases, litigation by Mexico, Germany and other actors has led to increased compliance with Article 36, and a growing recognition of the significance of US treaty obligations.

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Zdravkovic, Uros. "Ex officio Claimant: A Challenging Proposal for Reforming the WTO". Journal of World Trade 54, Issue 2 (1.04.2020): 265–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/trad2020012.

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The members of the World Trade Organization (WTO) are still very reserved in pursuing cases and rather willing to seek traditional negotiating methods for settling their disputes. Decisions to engage in litigations are subject to numerous non-legal determinants. Moreover, many developing and least-developed WTO members face the problem of accessibility of the system provided by the Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes (DSU). Those states have been standing aside the DSU arena with no opportunity to enjoy the benefits of legal protection. Finally, affected private companies cannot access the DSU system, nor participate in procedures as third parties. Those entities always need to exert pressure on their governments to bring a claim and to obtain financial support for litigations. All those circumstances in the pre-litigation stage prevent effective delivery and distribution of justice in the WTO community. Therefore, the author proposes a reform of the DSU system by means of establishing a new central institution in the WTO – the ‘Independent Surveillance Body’ (ISB). This expert body would act as an institutional ex officio claimant empowered to survey the implementation of the WTO norms and to initiate procedures against members that violate the WTO law. World Trade Organization, Dispute Settlement System, Ex-officio Claimant, Pre-litigation, Distributive Justice.

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Bookman, Pamela K. "Doubling Down on Litigation Isolationism". AJIL Unbound 110 (2016): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2398772300002403.

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Last year in the Stanford Law Review, I described an emerging trend in U.S. courts: litigation isolationism. Through developments in personal jurisdiction,forum non conveniens, international comity, and the presumption against extraterritoriality, I argued, courts have developed increasingly strong tools for avoiding transnational litigation. Decisions advancing litigation isolationism often fail to accomplish their stated goals—typically promoting separation of powers, avoiding interstate friction, and protecting defendants from the inconvenience of U.S. litigation. They also undermine important U.S. interests, often by excluding or dismissing cases that have close ties to the United States. At the end of that article, I cautioned against the continuation of the trend.

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Stephens, Tim. "The Limits of International Adjudication in International Environmental Law: Another Perspective on the Southern Bluefin Tuna Case". International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 19, nr 2 (2004): 177–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1571808041220083.

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AbstractThe Southern Bluefin Tuna case has provoked extensive commentary examining the implications of the litigation for the settlement of controversies involving the dispute settlement mechanisms of multiple treaties. However the case has a much broader significance. Drawing upon an analysis of the impact of the litigation on the Commission for the Conservation of SBT, this article explores the role of international adjudication in securing positive environmental outcomes. The case illustrates the significance of provisional measures in responding to environmental threats. However, judicial settlement is subject to several major limitations: generally it is reactive, can only involve a few parties and can only deal with a limited set of legal questions. More fundamentally, the effectiveness of international courts or arbitral panels may be constrained by the nature of environmental instruments themselves, which often lack precision in terms of objective rules of conduct and are often deeply ambivalent in terms of their objects and purposes.

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Lindblom, Per Henrik. "Group litigation in Scandinavia". ERA Forum 10, nr 1 (28.02.2009): 7–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12027-009-0102-y.

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Petersen, Clement Salung. "Treaties in Domestic Civil Litigation: Jura Novit Curia?" Nordic Journal of International Law 80, nr 3 (2011): 369–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181011x581236.

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AbstractMany international treaties regulate relations between states and private individuals (vertical treaty rules) and transnational relations between private individuals (transnational treaty rules), and domestic civil litigation often plays an important role in the enforcement of such rules. The actual impact of treaty rules in domestic civil litigation depends inter alia on the procedural principles governing the judicial application of law. In the European legal tradition of civil law, these principles are often expressed by the Latin adages “jura novit curia” (the court knows the law) and “da mihi factum, dabo tibi jus” (give me the facts, I give you the law). This article analyses how such procedural principles affect the obligations of domestic courts to apply vertical and transnational treaty rules in civil litigation and how, at the same time, international law can influence these domestic procedural principles in ways which create a complex relationship between international law and domestic civil procedure law.

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Butler, William Elliott. "Proceeding on Cases with the Participation of Foreign Persons in International Procedure Law of Russia and Belarus (The end)". Gosudarstvo i pravo, nr 11 (2021): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s102694520017460-7.

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This article is dedicated to one of the most interesting aspects of International Procedural Law – litigation with the participation of foreign persons. Authors focused on a comparative analysis of Russian and Belarus legislation concerning the regulation of international procedural relations. Article includes two parts: the first one considers international jurisdiction of Russian arbitrazh courts and Belarus economic courts on commercial matters; the second one examines the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments in commercial matters on the territory of Russia and Belarus. Authors deeply scrutinized a wide range of legal documents including domestic legislation, bilateral and multilateral international treaties of regional character in order to show the convergences and divergences in Russian and Belarus procedural law concerning participation of foreign persons in international commercial litigation

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Butler, William E. "Proceeding on Cases with the Participation of Foreign Persons in International Procedure Law of Russia and Belarus". Gosudarstvo i pravo, nr 10 (2021): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s102694520017271-9.

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This article is dedicated to one of the most interesting aspects of International Procedural Law – litigation with the participation of foreign persons. Authors focused on a comparative analysis of Russian and Belarus legislation concerning the regulation of international procedural relations. Article includes two parts: the first one considers international jurisdiction of Russian arbitrazh courts and Belarus economic courts on commercial matters; the second one examines the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments in commercial matters on the territory of Russia and Belarus. Authors deeply scrutinized a wide range of legal documents including domestic legislation, bilateral and multilateral international treaties of regional character in order to show the convergences and divergences in Russian and Belarus procedural law concerning participation of foreign persons in international commercial litigation.

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Elfakharani, Ashraf M. A., Rohana Abdul Rahman i Nor Anita Abdullah. "Arbitration or Litigation: International High-Tech Business Disputes Resolutions". American Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 4, nr 1 (2019): 68–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.20448/801.41.68.74.

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