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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „International legislation”

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Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021

Data aktualizacji: 31 stycznia 2023

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1

Marković, Savo. "Legislative Prospective of the Arrest of Ships in Montenegro". PROMET - Traffic&Transportation 21, nr 4 (2.03.2012): 285–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v21i4.241.

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In the existing legislative process, the Montenegrin judicature faces a series of questions imposed by the practice of arresting ships. Legislation tries to respond to them by innovating the current regulations, based on the 1977, i.e. 1998 Maritime and Inland Navigation Act (MINA), and by taking into consideration the achievements of foreign, similar jurisprudences and legislations, as well as of international conventions. The proposed solutions in the draft of the Maritime Navigation Act represent a certain change in legislative systematization of the legal institute of temporary measure of ships arrest. KEY WORDS: arrest of ships, national legislation, International Arrest Conventions

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Kashirkina, Anna, i Andrey Morozov. "Theoretical Approaches of the European Commission for Democracy Through Law (the Venice Commission) to the Assessment of Anti-Terrorism Legislation: international Legal Discourse and Implementation Problems". Russian Journal of Criminology 14, nr 3 (30.06.2020): 411–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2500-4255.2020.14(3).411-422.

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The topic of the article is highly relevant due to the importance of basing the legislative regulation of counter-terrorism activities on international treaties in this sphere. Besides, the legislative regulation of counteracting terrorism should be developed in accordance with the current international law acts and should take into account international obligations that they entail. The authors believe that the improvement of counter-terrorism legislation is facilitated by the work of the European Commission for Democracy through Law (the Venice Commission), which conducts an expert evaluation of the national legislations of member states. The goal of this research is to analyze the current international law regulation in the sphere of counteracting terrorism and in identifying the specifics of its application by the Venice Commission in its assessment of national counter-terrorism legislations. The authors examine some issues connected with the work of the Venice Commission on preparing conclusions and recommendations that contain its assessment of the counter-terrorism legislation of a number of countries (the Republic of Moldova, the French Republic). They note the specifics of the work of the Venice Commission as a special auxiliary body of the Council of Europe that analyzes and assesses the legislative acts of member states based on the poly-functional guidelines of the Council of Europe. While assessing national legislations, the Venice Commission uses international law acts that contain, among other things, universally recognized principles and norms of international law, so the authors of the article show the significance of the international law regulation of counteracting terrorism through international treaties both between different countries and under the aegis of international organizations and integration unions; they also identify the problems connected with their implementation in national legislations. Based on the conducted research, the authors come to the following conclusions: the legislative regulation of counteracting terrorism should be amended with strict observance of the universally recognized principles and norms of international law incorporated, among other things, in international treaties; it is necessary to develop the international law regulation in the sphere of counteracting terrorism while taking into account new challenges and threats brought about by globalization and use the potential of international law instruments; international bodies play an important part in improving national counter-terrorism legislations, specifically, the Venice Commission, which, through its expert work, contributes to the development of legislation based on international legal acts.

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Magill-Cuerden, Julia. "International midwifery legislation". British Journal of Midwifery 10, nr 12 (5.12.2002): 732–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjom.2002.10.12.732.

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de Ruiter, Willem. "International maritime legislation". WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs 5, nr 1 (kwiecień 2006): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03195077.

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RAKHIMOVA, Gakku N., Sergazy KUSSAINOV, Baurzhan O. ZHANGUTTIN, Zhomart K. SIMTIKOV, Yermek A. BURIBAYEV i Zhanna A. KHAMZINA. "The Welfare State in Kazakhstan: Development Based on International Experience and International Standards". Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics 9, nr 6 (1.11.2019): 2108. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jarle.v9.6(36).26.

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The relevance of the article lies in the need to modernize the social protection system of Kazakhstan to solve the problems of poverty. The study aims to offer opportunities for the transformation and implementation of international experience in the field of social security in the legislation of Kazakhstan. Applying the legal comparative method, the authors identified the main parameters of the social protection systems of the European member states of the International Labor Organization and the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. Analysis of the development of legislation on social security and social insurance has revealed the possibility of transforming the legislation of Kazakhstan in accordance with foreign standards and suggest steps to be taken to build a welfare state: systematization and codification of legislation on social security and social insurance; the continuation of the formation of the legal framework for compulsory social insurance for temporary disability, for pregnancy and childbirth; updating health insurance legislation; legislative consolidation of specific criteria and standards that will allow more clearly determine the types and volumes of guaranteed social security.

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Truby, Jon. "International Investment Law, Trade in Services and Customs: Legislative Strategies for States Hosting International Competitive Events". Global Trade and Customs Journal 12, Issue 1 (1.01.2017): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/gtcj2017006.

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Any nation hosting a mega sports event faces an onerous and pressing legislative task with an inflexible deadline to introduce or amend essential legislation in order to accommodate the many demands of the event. The requirements of international investors and the laws governing trade in services all need due consideration prior to the execution of such an event. Never before have the demands of legislative reform been more pressing than on the State of Qatar in its mammoth efforts to host the 2022 FIFA World Cup QatarTM, with a 2017 deadline to do so. The demands on a host nation to enact adequate Enabling Legislation adequate to deliver a mega sporting event are so significant and require such accuracy that before even considering what type of legislation should be passed, lawmakers must strategize as to their method of enacting wide-ranging, reformist and potentially contentious legislation. In the context of the FIFA World Cup Qatar and other mega sporting events, this article evaluates the variety of possible legislative strategies for enacting the legal reforms required to host such an event. It does this by considering how previous tournament hosts, including South Africa, Russia and Brazil have undertaken this, as well as how London managed with the Olympic games. It then considers how best these laws can be passed to include also laws that would leave a positive legacy for the host nation. Finally it considers how the use of emergency legislation could have a detrimental affect on the host nation, and warns against overruling certain constitutional freedoms and rights.

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Doomen, Jasper. "Realism in International Legislation". Volume 4 Issue 1 (2012) 4, nr 1 (1.01.2012): 2–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.33178/ijpp.4.1.3.

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The status of ‘international law’ is examined critically. In the first section, the basis of (national) legislation is described. This consists of an inquiry into a credible meaning of ‘natural law’. It is focused on the question whether universal principles exist and, if so, of what kind. Section 2 deals with the issue of enforcement. National legislation invariably realizes this, but this is not obvious at the international level. Section 3 deals with human rights. It is discussed whether their presence points to the existence of ‘international law’. To this end, a possible reason for these rights to have developed is expounded.

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Nicholson, Emma. "International computer security legislation". Computer Fraud & Security Bulletin 1990, nr 10 (październik 1990): 9–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0142-0496(90)90104-s.

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Watson, Kaitlyn E., Judith A. Singleton, Vivienne Tippett i Lisa M. Nissen. "Do disasters predict international pharmacy legislation?" Australian Health Review 44, nr 3 (2020): 392. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah19093.

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ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to explore whether a relationship exists between the number of disasters a jurisdiction has experienced and the presence of disaster-specific pharmacy legislation. MethodsPharmacy legislation specific to disasters was reviewed for five countries: Australia, Canada, UK, US and New Zealand. A binary logistic regression test using a generalised estimating equation was used to examine the association between the number of disasters experienced by a state, province, territory or country and whether they had disaster-specific pharmacy legislation. ResultsThree of six models were statistically significant, suggesting that the odds of a jurisdiction having disaster-specific pharmacy legislation increased as the number of disasters increased for the period 2007–17 and 2013–17. There was an association between the everyday emergency supply legislation and the presence of the extended disaster-specific emergency supply legislation . ConclusionsIt is evident from this review that there are inconsistencies as to the level of assistance pharmacists can provide during times of crisis depending on their jurisdiction and location of practice. It is not a question of whether pharmacists have the skills and capabilities to assist, but rather what legislative barriers are preventing them from being able to contribute further to the disaster healthcare team. What is known about the topic?The contributing factors to disaster-specific pharmacy legislation has not previously been explored in Australia. It can be postulated that the number of disasters experienced by a jurisdiction increases the likelihood of governments introducing disaster-specific pharmacy legislation based on other countries. What does this paper add?This study compared five countries and their pharmacy legislation specific to disasters. It identified that as the number of disasters increases, the odds of a jurisdiction having disaster-specific emergency supply or disaster relocation or mobile pharmacy legislation increases. However, this is likely to be only one of many factors affecting the political decisions of when and what legislation is passed in relation to pharmacists’ roles in disasters. What are the implications for practitioners?Pharmacists are well situated in the community to be of assistance during disasters. However, their ability to help patients with chronic disease management or providing necessary vaccinations in disasters is limited by the legislation in their jurisdiction. Releasing pharmacists’ full potential in disasters could alleviate the burden of low-acuity patients on other healthcare services. This could subsequently free up other healthcare professionals to treat high-acuity patients and emergencies.

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Yurkova, Marina A. "Features of international educational legislation". Leningrad legal journal, nr 1 (2021): 145–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.35231/18136230_2021_1_145.

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Alrfua, Amal Yusuf, Ahmad Hasan Abu Sabah i Ayman Yousef Mutlaq Alrfoua. "Parliamentary Immunity in International Legislation". Asian Social Science 14, nr 6 (28.05.2018): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v14n6p71.

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A Legislature is one of the most important bodies in a country, because in addition to its primary duty of passing legislations it also monitors the executive body and holds it accountable for the execution of its duties. Due to this responsibility the national legal systems have granted legal protection for members of the legislature to aid them to carry out their assigned responsibilities in accordance with the constitution, this protection is known as Parliamentary immunity.We have clarified the concept of Parliamentary immunity and its legal nature, in addition we have also discussed its types (objective and procedural) and made clear the differences between them. In addition, we pointed out the procedure of lifting the immunity, legal reasons that require it be lifted and the position of some constitutions in regard it.We have also explained and indicated whether Parliamentary immunity was successful in protecting the legislature from intimidation or strong-arming of the executive authority.

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Гаджиев, Ханлар, i Hanlar Gadzhiev. "JUDICIAL LEGISLATION IN INTERNATIONAL JUSTICE". Journal of Foreign Legislation and Comparative Law 4, nr 3 (21.09.2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/art.2018.3.16.

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Zhang Zhihui. "Domedtic Legislation of International Crimes". Korean Journal of Comparative Criminal Law 11, nr 2 (grudzień 2009): 797–812. http://dx.doi.org/10.23894/kjccl.2009.11.2.034.

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Seehausen, Jesper. "The ‘Rebirth’ of the EU as an Audit Legislator". European Business Law Review 32, Issue 2 (1.04.2021): 355–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eulr2021013.

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In April 2014, important new audit legislation was adopted by the European Parliament and the Council, i.e. the 2014 Auditing Directive and the PIE Regulation. In the author’s opinion, the role of the EU as an audit legislator has significantly changed over time. More specifically, the new audit legislation indicates the ‘rebirth’ of the EU as an audit legislator. The article focuses on the role of the EU as an audit legislator, even though the EU also has an important role to play as an accounting legislator. The most important legislative acts when it comes to EU audit legislation are discussed. A number of important trends in EU audit legislation are also identified and discussed. These include an increased legislative focus on Public-Interest Entities (PIEs), a change from a ‘directive only’ to a ‘directive and regulation’ legislative paradigm, a legislative change from the ‘periphery’ to the ’core’ of auditing, ‘codification’ of provisions from the International Standards on Auditing (ISAs) in EU legislation as well as a discussion on a possible EU adoption of the ISAs. Auditing, audit legislation, 8th directive, green paper, financial crisis, auditing directive, pie regulation, public-interest entities (pies), international standards on auditing (ISAs)

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Lauterpacht, Elihu. "Are International Organizations Doing their Job? International Legislation". Proceedings of the ASIL Annual Meeting 90 (1996): 593–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0272503700087231.

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Желдыбина, Татьяна, i Tatiana Zheldybina. "Trends in the development of Russian legislation in the light of comparative law". Comparative Research In Law and Politics 2, nr 1 (15.06.2014): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/5059.

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The article studies the main trends in the Russian legislation in line with the development of one of the most important areas of research is Comparative Law. The factors contribute to the interaction of national and international law. Particular emphasis is placed on the increasing influence of international law and legislation on national law and legislation. The tendency of the approximation of laws is the Commonwealth of Independent States, as well as the need to develop a model and framework legislation. The author notes the important role of comparative jurisprudence, the importance of which increases sharply in the present conditions as a kind of course, with which is possible to solve legislative problems and acting as an important means of harmonization of legislation in modern Russia. Found that the need to harmonize national and supranational legislation under interstate associations in accordance with international norms and standards is an admitted fact. The article concludes that the significant influence of comparative law to build a modern system of legislation of the Russian Federation. Development of domestic and international law and legislation reflects the direction of convergence of legal regulation that is leading the trend of development of Russian legislation in the light of comparative law.

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Hanif Al Qahtani, Nayef. "Standards of consistency of Saudi sports legislation with international legislation". Assiut Journal of Sport Science and Arts 2017, nr 3 (1.12.2017): 341–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/ajssa.2017.138804.

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Al Qahtani, Nayef. "Standards of consistency of Saudi sports legislation with international legislation". Assiut Journal of Sport Science and Arts 417, nr 4 (1.10.2017): 341–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/ajssa.2017.70494.

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Mancini, Marina. "Italy’s Implementation of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court and its Amendments: Unresolved Issues". Italian Yearbook of International Law Online 31, nr 1 (11.11.2022): 263–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22116133-03101014.

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Abstract The present article investigates whether the international crimes listed in the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court and its amendments are punished under Italian law and, if not, what changes to domestic law are necessary so that perpetrators can be prosecuted before the Italian courts. To this end, firstly, it recalls Italy’s efforts to enact ad hoc legislation implementing the Statute. Secondly, it scrutinizes the existing Italian legislation on international crimes and identifies gaps and inconsistencies with the Statute. Finally, it considers the recent Government’s initiative for adopting a code of international crimes. The author finds that the Italian legislation does not provide a proper legal basis for the prosecution of most of the aforementioned international crimes and advocates a major legislative effort to make all of them prosecutable before the domestic courts.

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Simonova, Olga. "Issues concerning legal support of international shipping". SHS Web of Conferences 134 (2022): 00123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202213400123.

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The article focuses on international shipping governed by regulatory sources of a dual nature. This circumstance is due to the fact that international shipping is regulated both by international legal sources, for example, conventions, international treaties and customs, and by domestic legislation and judicial practice of the countries participating in international transportation. The research findings have indicated that, unfortunately, in practice there are often cases when the norms of national or international law have loopholes. Thus, a number of provisions of the International Shipping Rules do not coincide with the Russian Charter of Water Transport. In addition, the concept of “bill of lading” is often used in international law and is absent in Russian legislation. Therefore, the author proposes to eliminate the existing loopholes causing either high costs or litigation by finalizing national and international legislation. In this regard, the author considers specific examples and makes appropriate proposals aimed to close the identified loopholes in international and national legislation in order to minimize the costs and losses of the parties to the international transport agreement, and to reduce the number of controversies. Such urgent problems as the problem of piracy and the problem of pollution of the seas and oceans by ships also arise in freight forwarding business. The author proposes to toughen measures of responsibility for maritime piracy and for pollution of the seas and oceans by ships at the legislative level.

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Boviatsis, Michael, i George Vlachos. "Sustainable Operation of Unmanned Ships under Current International Maritime Law". Sustainability 14, nr 12 (16.06.2022): 7369. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14127369.

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The aim of this paper is to evaluate the current international maritime legislative framework and assess its relevance in sustaining the operations of unmanned ships while addressing the issue of liability from system malfunctions. The paper initially explores the legal definition of a ship and evaluates whether the existence of an on-board crew is an integral part of the definition. Subsequently, the analysis continues with assessing the legal implications and challenges for the sustainable operation of unmanned ships, such as the governing flag state legislation that defines liability parameters, taking into consideration the existing levels of vessel automation. The paper concludes with an evaluation of the contractual issues and potential stakeholder liability related to governing a flag state. In addition, the potential transfer of liability from the ship operators to manufacturers as pertains to unmanned ship operation is also addressed. The concluding remarks suggest that unmanned ship operation is sustainable under the current international maritime legislative framework; however, the current legislation should be considered as a baseline from which specific legislation for the operation of unmanned ships can be drawn. The methodology utilised for this paper is based on the legal doctrine.

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Streng, William P. "US: Proposed 1985 international tax legislation". Intertax 13, Issue 8 (1.08.1985): 193–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/taxi1985066.

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Rubino-Sammartano, Mauro. "New International Arbitration Legislation in Italy". Journal of International Arbitration 11, Issue 3 (1.09.1994): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/joia1994023.

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Ageychev, A. S. "Internet Legislation: Russian and International Experience". Comparative Politics (Russia) 7, nr 2(23) (29.04.2016): 73–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.18611/2221-3279-2016-7-2(23)-73-84.

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Doomen, Jasper. "A realistic perspective on international legislation". Acta Juridica Hungarica 53, nr 2 (czerwiec 2012): 133–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/ajur.53.2012.2.2.

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Shevchenko, K. D. "Harmonization of International Legislation on Migration". Humanities and Social Sciences. Bulletin of the Financial University 10, nr 2 (22.04.2020): 98–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/2226-7867-2020-10-2-98-100.

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Zhilina, Natalia Yu, Elena F. Lukyanchikova, Dmitrij V. Kovalenko, Ivan V. Mironuk i Marina L. Prokhorova. "Terminological description of extremism in international acts and national criminal laws". Linguistics and Culture Review 5, S3 (4.11.2021): 942–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.21744/lingcure.v5ns3.1670.

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Based on a meaningful analysis of international legal act provisions and criminal legislation of foreign states, the article presents the approaches to the terminological characterization of the concept of "extremism" and its legislative regulation. The conclusion is made about the lack of a united strategy to the definition of the studied theory, which complicates international relations and collaboration in the realm of countering extremist crimes. A comparative analysis of the legislative regulation of extremist crimes in foreign countries allows us to identify common features and trends in the development of legal responsibility for extremism in foreign countries, to establish differences in the legal regulation of this problem, and to develop approaches to the unification of this concept at the level of international legislation.

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Andreeva, T. "Main Directions of UK and EU Immigration Policy". World Economy and International Relations, nr 9 (2011): 100–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2011-9-100-113.

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The author of the article retraces the development of the British immigration and asylum legislations which occurs under the impact of the Common European immigration legislation development. The subject of the article is the assessment of the British and EU immigration legislation mutual enrichment degree which shows the will and ability of Great Britain to integrate in the EU immigration legislation in order to strengthen its role in the modern international relations.

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Okowa, Phoebe. "THE PITFALLS OF UNILATERAL LEGISLATION IN INTERNATIONAL LAW: LESSONS FROM CONFLICT MINERALS LEGISLATION". International and Comparative Law Quarterly 69, nr 3 (lipiec 2020): 685–717. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020589320000238.

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AbstractThis article examines the compatibility of the extraterritorial application of unilateral legislation with the project of international law. Focusing on two instruments, the Dodd-Frank Act passed by the United States Congress and intended to regulate the activities of US listed companies operating in the Congo and the EU conflict minerals legislation, the article challenges their underlying premises that revenues from natural resources perpetuate conflict and resulting human rights abuses. In so far as these instruments make no provision for meaningful participation by the foreign populations which are the objects of legislation, it is argued that there is a tension between these unilateral instruments and the basic premises of law-making in international law as a democratic enterprise centred around governmental representation. By exclusively directing sanctions and other disciplinary measures at rebels, both legislative instruments have the problematic effect of strengthening the exploitation of natural resources by kleptocratic regimes and undermining the right of populations in conflict zones to civil disobedience as an inescapable component of their right of self-determination.

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Хабибуллина, Анна, i Anna Khabibullina. "CONCEPT AND PECULIARITIES OF THE US OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY LEGISLATION". Journal of Foreign Legislation and Comparative Law 1, nr 4 (29.10.2015): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/14317.

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This article reviews topical issues of the US occupational safety legislation. The author highlights the following development stages for the legislative rules on occupation safety in the USA: 1) creation of the US occupational safety legislation in XIX century; 2) the US occupational safety legislation in XX century; 3) the US legislative rules on occupational safety adopted in XXI century. Special attention is paid to international standards on occupational safety and health, constitutional frameworks, federal and regional legislation on occupational safety. The US Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 is analyzed in depth: the adoption purpose, its scope, rights and obligations of employees and employers in the occupational safety sphere, responsibility for the violation of the occupational safety standards. The author groups all US states with regard to the legislative regulation on occupational safety relations as follows: 1) states where regional laws apply to the employees of private and state organizations; 2) states where regional acts are adopted only in public sector, while the US Act of 1970 is in effect in private sector; 3) states, where there are no special regional legislative acts and the US Act of 1970 is in force. The methodological framework of the research includes comparative and legislative analysis of the occupation safety legislation, which is one of the most important methods of the juridical science that allows identifying common pattern of legal development of the state for the purpose of theoretical understanding of various legal phenomena, as well as the necessity to resolve practical tasks facing not only national systems, but also the international community. Scientific novelty of the research involves highlighting the system of the US occupational safety legislation, which, being part of a labor legislation, represents a set of legislative acts that regulate the relations on ensuring the employees’ lives and health in the process of engaging in labor activity. At the same time considering the issues on occupational safety legislation of two federal states — the Russian Federation and the United States of America, with reference to each other and in comparison, can allow taking into account and summarizing the experience of the two leading countries in the development and adoption of new regulatory acts that deal with occupational safety both inside the state — on the federal and regional levels, and on various levels of international legal regulation of labor.

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Shcherbovich, Andrey A. "Comparative analysis of the legislation in sphere of Internet governance in Central and Eastern Europe". Prawo 327 (11.06.2019): 325–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0524-4544.327.21.

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The article deals with a comparative analysis of provisions of national legislation and draft legislation initiatives of the nations of Central and Eastern Europe on regulation of the Internet. Special attention is paid to legislative measures infringing human rights of Internet users. Here we need to stress the importance of international law which could guarantee realization of the human rights of users, as well as integrity of the Internet. Finally, the article suggests the most important provisions of the international rules for these purposes.

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Diehl, Katharina, Karla S. Lindwedel, Sonja Mathes, Tatiana Görig i Olaf Gefeller. "Tanning Bed Legislation for Minors: A Comprehensive International Comparison". Children 9, nr 6 (24.05.2022): 768. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children9060768.

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Tanning beds have been classified as carcinogenic to humans. As a result, many countries have enacted laws regulating the use of commercial tanning beds, including bans for minors. However, there is no international overview of the current legal status of access restrictions for minors that provides details on their specific design regarding age limits and possible exceptions to the statutory regulation. Therefore, we performed a comprehensive web search of current tanning bed legislation for minors on the three continents North America, Australia, and Europe. Our findings regarding the existence and concrete design of access restrictions are presented graphically, using maps. We found a wide variety of different legislations. In Australia, a total ban on tanning beds exists, while in New Zealand, tanning bed use is banned for minors. In Europe, about half of the countries have implemented a strict ban for minors. In North America, we found differences in the age limit for access restrictions between the states, provinces, and territories for those regions that implemented a ban for minors. In the United States, some states have rather “soft bans” that allow use by minors with different types of parental consent. The patchwork in legislation calls for harmonization. Therefore, our comparison is an important starting point for institutions such as the World Health Organization or the European Commission to advance their goals toward a harmonization of tanning bed legislation in general and for minors in particular.

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Zhang, Jianwei, Xiaoyi Jiang i Xiaobin Pan. "Regional legislation to address climate change in China: necessity and feasibility". International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management 11, nr 4 (19.08.2019): 536–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijccsm-05-2018-0046.

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Purpose Legislation plays an essential role in addressing climate change in China. However, many barriers to formulating national legislation to address climate change have so far prevented its enactment. The bottom-up approach adopted in the international climate regime sets a good example. Accordingly, the purpose of this paper is to discuss the regional legislation to address climate change in China through exploring the following two questions: whether it is necessary to enact climate change legislation at regional level first and whether it is feasible to develop such regional legislation in the absence of national climate change law. Design/methodology/approach This paper analyses the necessity and feasibility of regional legislation to address climate change. Section 2 introduces the current legislative framework on climate change in China. Section 3 investigates whether it is better to push the legislative agenda at regional, rather than national level. Section 4 analyses the feasibility of establishing regional legislative systems. Section 5 explores the key issues in formulating and promoting regional legislation. Findings This paper concludes that it is necessary and feasible to pilot regional legislation before enacting national legislation. Under these circumstances, local governments can take the initiative to begin formulating regional legislation. Originality/value Addressing climate change needs immediate action and effective measures. It is, thus, necessary to reconsider the approach that China should adopt when developing legislation on climate change. This paper contributes to broadening current knowledge of regional climate change legislation in China.

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Smith, David, i Matthew Ryan. "International postal, quarantine and safety regulations". Microbiology Australia 40, nr 3 (2019): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma19032.

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There are numerous legislative regulations that impact on microbiology, microbial Biological Resource Centres (mBRCs) and culture collections, with which all microbiologists must comply. These affect access for collection, handling, distribution/shipping and utilisation of microbial resources. Areas where regulations are triggered are international post, quarantine and safety. The legislation and supporting documents are often difficult to find and understand, therefore the World Federation for Culture Collections (WFCC) has a long history in providing advice and guidance to help compliance with such legislation. A visit to the WFCC library (http://www.wfcc.info/wfcc_library/) will provide information on postal requirements shipping dangerous goods and on control measures in place for biosecurity to control access to dangerous pathogens. This paper will update such communications and provide relevant information on: Health and Safety (H&S); Quarantine regulations; and Postal Regulations and Safety. Other papers in this special issue will address elements that impact on distribution and use of microorganisms for example in packaging, legislation on the proliferation, distribution and misuse of dangerous pathogens, export licensing measures, the Convention on Biological Diversity and the Nagoya Protocol, ownership of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) and the provision of safety information to the recipient of microorganisms. The advice is generic and users are advised to refer to their own National guidance and implementation acts to ensure they are compliant. The work was compiled from authors' efforts in their management of an mBRC and most recently contributions to the EMBRIC project (http://www.embric.eu/) in particular Deliverable 6.1 ‘Microbial pipeline from environment to active compounds' (http://www.embric.eu/deliverables).

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Dukhnevych, Andrii V., Nataliia V. Karpinska i Iryna V. Novosad. "Phytosanitary examination: Ukraine experience and international standards". Journal of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine 28, nr 2 (25.06.2021): 262–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.37635/jnalsu.28(2).2021.262-268.

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The article explores Ukraine’s experience in conducting phytosanitary expertise based on international standards. It was stated that Ukraine should develop a series of draft in national legislation in the field of quarantine and plant protection, which would be adapted to the legislation of the European Union and at the same time meet the requirements of the International Plant Protection Convention. In this area, Ukraine has already partially implemented some structural reforms in the phytosanitary sector, but these processes require continued state support and encouragement, international coordination that will facilitate the development of agriculture in general. Such coordination can be undertaken primarily in the framework of international universal organisations within the UN system, in particular within FAO. It has been emphasised that Law of Ukraine No. 2501-VIII “On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine on Regulation of Some Phytosanitary Procedures” came into force on February 2, 2019. Among the innovations are the granting of the right to carry out expert examination to private laboratories, new terms in the field of plant quarantine and the creation of the Register of Phytosanitary Certificates issued. It has been concluded that Ukraine is currently actively applying international standards, participating in their development and registering official translations of international standards for phytosanitary measures. Developing national and applying international standards, as a key factor in creating a quality system in the field of plant quarantine, not only ensure full fulfilment by Ukraine of its obligations under the IPPC and SPS, agreeing on the phytosanitary safety of exported quarantine cargoes, but also increase the competitiveness of the domestic vegetal products in the world market. This creates a positive image of Ukraine as a reliable trading partner that does not violate the requirements of other countries and guarantees the conformity of product quality, phytosanitary procedures to internationally recognised standards. Therefore, for qualified phytosanitary examinations, the mechanism of guaranteeing compliance with national and international standards, amending legislation, introducing effective penalties for violation of the rules and procedure for conducting phytosanitary examinations should be a promising area

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Vos, J. A. "World Legislation as Deliberation about the Common Good of International society". International Organizations Law Review 8, nr 1 (2011): 241–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157237411x601589.

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AbstractThis contribution describes how the phenomenon of world legislation by the Security Council highlights the interrelationship between the entrustment of the common good of international society and a concentration of legislative and executive powers in an organ of an international institution. The notion of the trias politica seems unsuitable to address this dichotomy, in so far as the practice of the Security Council may be analyzed in policy, legislative and executive terms. Seeking to contain these powers through other international organs evokes the specter of the super-State, consistently rejected in ICJ jurisprudence. The contribution ends by suggesting how deliberative and representative aspects may direct us to seeing the action of both organs of international institutions and the members of international society as informing the common good of international society.

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Tubić, Bojan. "International and European Norms on the Rule of Law from the Perspective of the Republic of Serbia". Central European Journal of Comparative Law 2, nr 1 (14.05.2021): 229–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.47078/2021.1.229-244.

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This paper examines international and European norms concerning the principle of the rule of law and its implications for the Republic of Serbia’s legal order. There is no universally accepted definition of the rule of law, but some common elements can be found in international legislative acts and jurisprudence. The European Union and Council of Europe have substantial legislation on this issue; with their courts’ jurisprudence, they have a significant influence on their Member States’ comprehension of the rule of law principle. The Republic of Serbia has embraced the principle in its Constitution and developed it in its legislation. It will also accept and include European interpretations of the rule of law in its legislation and judicial and administrative practice by joining the European Union.

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Tretyakov, I. L., Yu B. Shubnikov, E. D. Guseinova i G. A. Agayev. "Theoretical foundations of the poaching study: problems of legal regulation". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 937, nr 2 (1.12.2021): 022031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/937/2/022031.

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Abstract The paper is concerned with theoretical and practical aspects of the poaching phenomenon as national and transnational environmental crime. It critically examines Russian legislation on the use of biological resources in general and countering poaching in particular and presents a review of research con-ducted internationally and in Russia as well as statistical data provided by international organizations and state bodies of the Russian Federation. It also defines the concept of poaching and its legal characteristics, highlights key challenges to countering poaching both within Russia and at the transnational level. Particular emphasis is placed on poaching across the Russia-China border adjacent to the Far Eastern and Siberian Federal Districts which ac-count for the rarest flora and fauna species in Russia. The paper outlines challenges to regulating federal anti-poaching legislation and current pitfalls in combating illicit trafficking of species at the state level. It considers op-posing viewpoints of researchers engaged in this field, their strengths and weaknesses, and suggests possible solutions to the identified problems. The paper concludes that methods of combating poaching are still underdeveloped and require certain legislative improvements at the level of national legislation and international cooperation.л.

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Kume, A. "Analysis of the Albanian national legislation in the light of the international legal framework relevant to the conservation and use of animal genetic resources". Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 28, nr 4 (2012): 879–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah1204879k.

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The Albanian legislation on conservation, management and sustainable economic use of Farm Animal genetic Resources is an intensive developing process. It aims to the FAnGR development in accordance with the requirements and obligation arising from the accession to various international convention (CDB, WTO etc...), and to align it with other legislations of EU member states. The legislative development is part of the work that Albania is implementing in the context of the Global Plan of Action for the Conservation of Animal Genetic Resources (FAO). Albanian current legislation treats only generally the entirety of the requests that should be fulfilled in order to enable the conservation and administration of the biological diversity of farm animals. It is necessary to develop it in order to solve the entirety of the problems regarding the need and necessity of the administration of this national asset, to meet, in an optimal way, the food security of current and future generations.

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Leschber, R. "International Report: Sludge management and related legislation". Water Science and Technology 46, nr 4-5 (1.08.2002): 367–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0627.

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This report comprises the present sludge management practices with special view to agricultural utilization in the European Union and some accessing countries in eastern Europe in comparison with countries from Asia, the United States of America, South Africa and Australia. Information is given on the respective legislation and on future trends.

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Horlick, Gary N. "US Climate Change Legislation and International Trade". Global Trade and Customs Journal 4, Issue 11/12 (1.11.2009): 403–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/gtcj2009049.

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Muxamadiyev, Khojiakbar Aslitdinovich. "Constitution: National election legislation and international standards". Asian Journal of Multidimensional Research 10, nr 10 (2021): 1207–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2278-4853.2021.00791.6.

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Rogers, John M., i Elisabeth Zoller. "Enforcing International Law through U. S. Legislation". Human Rights Quarterly 9, nr 3 (sierpień 1987): 436. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/761885.

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Field, Charlotte, i Martin Curtice. "Assisted dying: a review of international legislation". British Journal of Hospital Medicine 70, nr 5 (maj 2009): 280–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/hmed.2009.70.5.42226.

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Goldsmith, Peter. "UK Terrorism Legislation in an International Context". RUSI Journal 151, nr 3 (czerwiec 2006): 18–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03071840609442014.

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Jukes, D. J. "Codes of practice, legislation and international harmonization". Food Control 1, nr 1 (styczeń 1990): 5–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0956-7135(90)90107-n.

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de Boer, Alie, i Aalt Bast. "International legislation on nutrition and health claims". Food Policy 55 (sierpień 2015): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2015.06.002.

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Serohin, Vitalii Oleksandrovych, Svitlana Hryhorivna Serohina, Liliya Mykolayivna Gryshko i Kateryna Petrivna Danicheva. "Recognizing and Implementing International Human Rights Standards in Domestic Legislation: An Exposure Under Ukrainian Law". Ius Humani. Law Journal 10, nr 2 (23.12.2021): 161–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.31207/ih.v10i2.291.

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Everything about human right is inalienable void of violation from the human race. It is therefore that responsibility of the international community in ensuring the effective preservation and respect of these rights without any threat of violations. In ensuring its recognition and implementation, international standards have been established where there is the need of States parties to these international human right treaties in ensuring its incorporation in its various domestic legislations. The content and specific features of the introduction of international human rights standards into national legislation have been analyzed in the article. The methodological basis of research is a set of general scientific and special methods, in particular, dialectical, historical-legal, epistemological, comparative-legal. International standards for the protection of human rights have been defined as principles and norms enshrined in international regulatory legal acts that define fundamental human rights and freedoms, the obligation of the State to respect them, to assist in their realization, preservation and protection against unlawful encroachments, and to establish liability for their violations and methods of protection. It has been clarified that the procedure of implementation of international human rights standards into national legislation includes the following stages: (i) recognition of human rights by the State and their enshrinement in national legislation; (ii) institutionalization of the standard of human rights protection; (iii) bringing the current legislation in line with the international human rights standard and interpreting the latter; (iv) establishment of measures and means of protection and defense of human rights; (v) determining the procedure for the realization of the enshrined right; (vi) control over the observance of the international human rights standard.

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Goncharov, Vitaly Viktorovich, Tatiana N. Mikhaleva, Grigory A. Vasilevich, Evgeny Sergeevich Streltsov, Aleksandra Alekseevna Milkova i Jacek Zalesny. "Russian legislation on public control". LAPLAGE EM REVISTA 7, nr 1 (4.01.2021): 374–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.24115/s2446-6220202171741p.374-382.

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This article is devoted to constitutional legal analysis of international legal bases of the legislation of the Russian Federation on public control. The work substantiates the position that to understand the constitutional legal mechanism of public control in Russia it is necessary to study the international legal framework of control of civil society over public authority in connection with the implementation of generally recognized principles and norms of international law in the legal system of the Russian Federation as a priority the rules of the legal regulation under Part 4 of Article 15 of the Constitution.

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Gordon, John-Stewart, i Felice Tavera-Salyutov. "Remarks on disability rights legislation". Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal 37, nr 5 (18.06.2018): 506–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/edi-12-2016-0114.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine and comment on disability rights legislation by focusing on international documents on people with impairments of the last decades, in order to provide more information on the dynamics of the disability rights movement and their moral plea for full inclusion. Design/methodology/approach By analyzing the international legislation and most important guidelines with respect to people with impairments, it is possible to portray a socio-political change by unfolding the agenda of the historical dimension of the decisive events. Findings The long and difficult struggle of people with impairments to beneficiaries of full human rights protection is a fundamental socio-political change that is documented by adhering to important international legislation and guidelines. Originality/value The examination of recent international legislation with respect to people with impairments provides historical context for current developments in the context of disability and full inclusion by conceding human rights as their moral and legal foundation.

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