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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "International commercial organisation"
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Донцова, Lyudmila Dontsova, Артёменко i I. Artemenko. "Detecting Bribes to Foreign Authorities During Audit and Related Services". Auditor 1, nr 12 (12.12.2015): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/16750.
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Th e article focuses on the role of Audit organisation in competing against bribing foreign authorities during
international commercial deals through disclosing such facts and taking measures according to the Law.
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Ferkins, Lesley, Gael Mcdonald i David Shilbury. "A model for improving board performance: The case of a national sport organisation". Journal of Management & Organization 16, nr 4 (wrzesień 2010): 601–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5172/jmo.2010.16.4.601.
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AbstractThe transition of many sport organisations from being predominantly volunteer-administered and anchored in an amateur ethos to professionally managed entities has created unique challenges for the governance of sport. This paper provides a contribution to the governance literature through the presentation of a situational case where a four-stage model, drawn from an action research approach, has been used for developing a board's strategic capability and subsequent improvement in organisational performance. Action research is founded on the premise that change and research are not mutually exclusive and that dual foci on improving practice and developing theory are possible (Coghlan & Brannick, 2001). Utilising a national sport organisation (NSO) in New Zealand the study developed and tested a structured model for improving board functioning and, specifically, strategic contribution. While the case to which the model has been applied is an NSO, the model and the subsequent reflections have value for non-profit as well as commercial entities particularly with regard to a greater understanding of the mechanisms associated with balancing the performance and conformance roles of the board.
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Blussé, Leonard. "X. The Run to the Coast: Comparative Notes on Early Dutch and English Expansion and State Formation in Asia". Itinerario 12, nr 1 (marzec 1988): 195–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115300023421.
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Certain stages of the European expansion process into Asia during the Age of Commercial Capitalism lend themselves well to the comparative historical approach because of the startling similarities and contrasts they offer. The Dutch and English commercial leaps forward into the Orient, for instance, occurred at the same time in the organisational framework of chartered East India Companies - the English East India Company (EIC) and the Dutch Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie (VOC) — which, moreover, chose the same theatre of action: Southeast Asia (Banten, Spice Islands) and South Asia (Surat and Coromandel). But although the aims, modes of operation and organisation of the two companies had much in common, these nonetheless each finally carved out their own sphere of influence in the trading world of Asia - the Dutch in Southeast Asia and the English in South Asia. While this consolidation process was taking place, the EIC and VOC gradually shed their semblance of being purely maritime trading organisations and, towards the second half of the eighteenth century, acquired the character of territorial powers. A shift in the balance of power also occurred between the two companies: if the Dutch were still paramount in the seventeenth century, the English totally overshadowed them as powerbrokers in Asian waters during the eighteenth. Did this transition of maritime hegemony occur gradually or should we rather speak of a ‘passage brusque et rapide’ as Fernand Braudel has suggested? Was it, as the traditional explanation has it, the inevitable outcome of the decline of the Dutch Republic to a second-rate power in Europe, or were local Asian developments, be they political or commercial, also involved?
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Ayinde, Adeboye Titus, i A. A. Oladoyinbo. "Work Value and Occupational Hazard as Correlates of Organisational Citizenship Behaviour Among Employees of International Brewery Plc. Ilesa, Nigeria". European Scientific Journal, ESJ 12, nr 29 (31.10.2016): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n29p156.
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The importance of organisational citizenship behaviour can never be over emphasised in organisation striving for competitive advantage. Thus, this study examined employees’ organisational citizenship behaviour in relation to factors such as perceived work value, occupational hazard and the combined influence of both factors on organisational citizenship behaviour among employees of International Brewery Plc, Ilesa, Osun State. This is with a view to determining factors that influence organisational citizenship behaviour among workers. Primary data were used for the study. The data were collected from the 269 respondents, which cut across eleven departments: Production, Distribution, Technical, Commercial, Research and Development, Security, Management Information, Quality Assurance, Human Resource, Personnel, Accounting and Audit and Financial department using stratified random sampling technique. Three standardized Psychological Scales were used in the study. These were the Work Value Facet of Personal Life Value Questionnaire (WVFPLV), Organisational Safety Climate Scale (OSCS), Organisational Citizenship Behaviour Checklist (OCB-C). Data collected were analyzed using the appropriate descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. Results showed a significant relationship between work value and organisational citizenship behaviour among employees of International Brewery Plc, Ilesa {r (267)=0.350), P 0.05}. The study concluded that work value has and occupational hazard jointly determined organisational citizenship behaviour.
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Douglas, Heather, Buriata Eti-Tofinga i Gurmeet Singh. "Hybrid organisations contributing to wellbeing in Small Pacific Island Countries". Sustainability Accounting, Management and Policy Journal 9, nr 4 (3.09.2018): 490–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sampj-08-2017-0081.
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Purpose This paper aims to examine the contributions of hybrid organisations to wellbeing in small Pacific island countries. Design/methodology/approach The concept and different forms of hybrid organisations are examined, and then the operation and contributions to wellbeing of three Fijian hybrid organisations are considered. Findings Hybrid organisations in this region operate with a commitment to the common good and an ethic of care. Fijian hybrid organisations improve social and economic wellbeing for individuals, families and communities by providing employment, schools and training facilities, financial and support services, sustainable agriculture projects and facilitating networking. These services improve individual and community social and economic wellbeing, build resilience, add to personal and family security, offer opportunities for the future, advance leadership skills and sustain the environment. Commercial activities that support these organisations in their wellbeing endeavours include product sales, service fees, project levies and investment income. Research limitations/implications Generalisability beyond the Pacific region is not assured, as this review only examines hybrid organisations in small Pacific island countries. Practical implications Hybrid organisations offer an alternative pathway to achieve a sustainable enterprise economy, an approach that is more culturally relevant for the Pacific region. Policies to nurture the development of these organisations, and research into the startup, operation, impact and effectiveness of different hybrid organisation models would help to improve wellbeing in this region. International charities and aid agencies could advance the wellbeing of people living in this region by supporting the development of hybrid organisations. External agencies seeking to support hybrid organisation development are advised to consider providing funding through a regional agency rather than engaging directly with national governments. Social implications Developing a robust hybrid organisation sector will improve social and economic wellbeing for people living in small island nations. Originality/value As one of the first studies to examine wellbeing and hybrid organisations, this review adds to hybrid business theory by its consideration of small Pacific island countries. The authors add to existing understandings of how hybrid organisations contribute to social and economic wellbeing for individuals, families and communities. The review identifies each form hybrid organisational form adopts. Each has a central commitment to generating social and economic value but different revenue sources. The review adds valuable new knowledge to the limited scholarship of this region by identifying the philosophical foundations and contributions to wellbeing of these hybrid organisations. A future research agenda and policy development process is proposed to improve wellbeing and advance hybrid organisations in the region.
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Clinch, Peter. "FLAG: The New Internet Gateway to Foreign Law Holdings in UK National and University Libraries". International Journal of Legal Information 31, nr 1 (2003): 62–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0731126500010325.
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Where in the UK can I locate the most extensive collection of the current legislation for the Cayman Islands?Which library has a comprehensive set of the World Trade Organisation International Trade Law Reports?Where can I find verbatim debates on bills as they pass through the New Zealand House of Representatives?Where are good collections of international environmental or commercial law?What are the opening hours and access conditions for a visiting researcher wishing to use the official publications collection of a particular major UK university?
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Clinch, Peter. "Flag The New Internet Gateway to Foreign Law Holdings in UK National and University Libraries". Legal Information Management 2, nr 4 (2002): 37–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1472669600001444.
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Where can I locate in the UK the most extensive collection of the current legislation for the Cayman Islands? Which library has a comprehensive set of the World Trade Organisation International Trade Law Reports? Where can I find verbatim debates on bills as they pass through the New Zealand House of Representatives? Where are good collections of international environmental or commercial law? What are the opening hours and access conditions for a visiting researcher wishing to use the official publications collection of a particular major UK university?
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Lucas, Stephen, i Yuriy Maltsev. "The Development of Corporate Law in the Former Soviet Republics". International and Comparative Law Quarterly 45, nr 2 (kwiecień 1996): 365–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020589300059030.
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The State enterprise was the most conspicuous symbol of the socialist economy. In the late 1980s the gradual demise of the command system based on State ownership and the restructuring of economic relations were accompanied by the introduction of a variety of new forms of commercial organisation into the Soviet legal system.
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Veenhof, Klaas R. "Ancient Assur: The City, its Traders, and its Commercial Network". Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 53, nr 1-2 (2009): 39–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/002249910x12573963244205.
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AbstractThe ancient city of Assur was an important emporium and a central place in the trade between Mesopotamia and Anatolia during the nineteenth-eighteenth centuries BC. Its traders exported to Anatolia large quantities of tin and expensive woolen textiles, which were sold for silver and gold, shipped back to Assur. The traders, traveling with donkey caravans, used a network of colonies and trading stations, where they could live and work on the basis of treaties with the local rulers. After a description of Assur’s commercial role, the activities, organization and status of the traders are analyzed. First of those in Anatolia, with reference to the colonial system and the main Anatolian emporia. Next of those in Assur—“merchant-bankers”, investors (in joint-stock funds), wholesale dealers, and moneylenders—and their relations to the “City-Hall”, the economic and financial heart of Assur, and the “City-Assembly”, whose decisions and verdicts reveal elements of a commercial policy and attempts to promote its interests. While the city, whose trade covered a particular circuit of a much wider international network, also had to consider local and international interests, the “colonial” traders were more focused on financial profits, also via the local trade in copper and wool. But the tensions due to diverging interests were restricted and the Assyrians were able to maintain a stable, profitable and highly developed commercial system for more than two centuries.Durant les dixneuvième et dix huitième siècles avant J.-C. la cité-état d’Assur fut un grand centre de commerce. Ses marchands exportaient des quantités d’étain et de laines de prix à l‘Anatolie, les y vendaient contre de l’or et de l’argent, et rentraient chez eux la bourse pleine d’argent. Des caravanes d’ânes, qui assuraient le transport, sillonnaient un réseau de colonies et de comptoirs. Les marchands assyriens pouvaient s’installer là-bas et y mener leur négoce grâce aux traités conclus entre les autorités assyriennes et les princes. La description de la fonction commerciale d’Assur est suivie d’une série d’analyses portant sur les activités des marchands, de leur organisation et de leur statut. Ce sujet cohérent nous mène d’abord en Anatolie pour regarder de près son système de colonies et ses principaux comptoirs. Ensuite à la ville d’Assur, avec ses ‘banquiers-commerçants’, ses investisseurs (des fonds remis aux sociétés commandites), ses commerçants de gros et ses prêteurs. Les relations entretenues par ces quatre groupes avec ‘l’hôtel de ville’ ‐ le cœur battant de l’économie et des finances d’Assur ‐, et ‘l’assemblée municipale’ sont explorées. Les décisions et les verdicts de cette assemblée retiennent notre attention parce qu’on y décèle des traces d’une politique commerciale et des tentatives d’avancer les intérêts commerciaux d’Assur. D’une part il fallait que la ville, dont les opérations commerciales s’étendaient sur un circuit distinct intégré au vaste réseau international, tenait compte aussi des intérêts locaux et internationaux. D’autre part les profits- y inclus ceux provenant du négoce anatolien de la laine et du cuivre ‐ étaitent le point de mire des ‘marchands-colons’. Néanmoins, les tensions dues à ces intérêts divergents étant limitées, durant plus de deux siècles les Assyriens surent maintenir un système de commerce stable, productif, et très sophistiqué.
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Roessler, R., P. Herold, H. Momm i A. Valle Zárate. "Organisation of breeding under difficult framework conditions – the case of smallholder pig breeding in mountainous areas in Northwest Vietnam". Archives Animal Breeding 55, nr 6 (10.10.2012): 590–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/aab-55-590-2012.
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Abstract. The concentration process in the international livestock breeding industry has led to an increasing competitive pressure for existing regional livestock breeding institutions. This represents an almost insuperable barrier for the competitive organisation of livestock breeding under difficult framework conditions, particularly in developing countries. The present study aimed at identifying possibilities how to develop the organisation of livestock breeding under difficult framework conditions, taking smallholder pig breeding in mountainous areas in Northwest Vietnam as example. Information was collected from group discussions with small-scale pig producers in Son La province and interviews in various private and public breeding institutions across northern Vietnam, complemented by information from documents. Results show that smallholder pig breeding is influenced by numerous external private and public factors, respectively institutions. These include small private boar keepers and medium-sized commercial pig farms at village and district level, but also globally acting private breeding companies and relevant legislations. Considering the identified institutional framework situation of smallholder pig breeding at village level and the generally positive attitude of smallholders towards cooperative structures, the establishment of boar keeper cooperatives is recommended as a first step in the development of a competitive breeding organisation at village level. Altogether, the current situation of smallholder pig breeding at village level makes the establishment of village breeding programmes reasonable, given a more rigorous implementation of supportive legislations that promote and recognise the self-determination of the proposed cooperative breeding organisations.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "International commercial organisation"
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Knijnik-Baumvol, Julia. "L' articulation entre le droit de l'OMC et le droit international". Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010295.
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Si l'idée d'un système juridique auto-suffisant est un véritable mythe, est-il possible d'affirmer, à l'heure actuelle, que l'articulation entre le droit de l'OMC et le droit international s'inscrit uniquement dans l'application, par le juge de l'OMC, de la règle coutumière d'interprétation du droit international public? En partant de l'hypothèse que depuis la création de cette organisation, les rapports entre le droit de l'OMC et le droit international sont devenus plus proches, plus intenses et plus diversifiés, ce travail a pour objectif d'examiner la pluralité de phénomènes qui peuvent avoir lieu lorsqu'il y a communication entre le droit de l'OMC et le droit international et plus particulièrement l'organisation de ces phénomènes, en mettant en lumière la contribution de cette articulation à l'existence et au développement de ces deux systèmes de droit. En raison du déni qui entoure son existence, le droit dérivé de l'OMC est au cœur de cette étude qui démontre, en premier lieu, que dans le cadre de l'élaboration du droit, le droit international encadre le processus d'élaboration du droit dérivé de l'OMC et peut être un outil indispensable à son identification. A l'inverse, compte tenu de sa spécificité, le droit dérivé de l'OMC a une influence au sein du processus graduel de formation des règles du droit international et en tant qu'outil d'harmonisation de la jurisprudence internationale. En second lieu, cette étude démontre que si le juge de l'OMC a délimité le contours de l'influence des règles du droit international dans l'interprétation et l'application du droit de l'OMC, cette influence reste néanmoins présente, en l'absence de tout dispositif d'incorporation.
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Moreau, Aurélie. "Le procès dans l'Organisation mondiale du commerce : étude de l'incidence des questions procédurales sur l'effectivité du droit". Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007VERS002S.
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Dans une organisation internationale économique, l’efficacité du système de règlement des différends est généralement associée à un minimalisme formel. Avec la multiplication des questions procédurales qui caractérise l’évolution actuelle du système de règlement des différends de l’O. M. C. , le paradoxe n’est en réalité qu’apparent au bénéfice de l’applicabilité du concept de procès. Ce dernier permet d’appréhender la pratique procédurale attestant d’une priorité donnée au règlement du litige par l’intercession d’un tiers disant le droit. Cette évolution intègre de facto le système commercial de l’O. M. C. Dans l’orbite du droit judiciaire international. Le renforcement global de la composante procédurale du litige qui en découle n’a pas affecté pour autant les marges étatiques, préservées par la nature fondamentalement mixte du système à l’étude. Au total, la régulation processuelle de l’O. M. C. , dotée d’un système de règlement des différends exclusif et contraignant, offre un terrain d’étude original à l’incidence de la procédure en termes d’effectivité des droitsIn an economic international organization, the efficiency of a dispute settlement system is generally associated to minimal formalism. Considering the multiplication of procedural issues that characterizes the current dispute settlement system of the WTO, the paradoxe is actually only apparent due to the concept of trial. The procedural practice points out the core role of the judge in the dispute settlement process. This evolution integrates the commercial system of the WTO within the sphere of judicial international law. It results in a global reinforcement of the procedural component of the dispute. Nevertheless, this reinforcement does not affect the margin of appreciation of the Member States of the WTO, which is preserved by the principle of mixity that underlines the system. The processual regulation of an exclusive and binding dispute settlement system, offers an original field of study about the incidence of procedure regarding the effectivity of law
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Rey, Vanessa Christine Elisabeth. "La régulation des conflits économiques et commerciaux transatlantiques". Strasbourg 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005STR30021.
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L'Europe d'aujourd'hui est, en partie du moins, le fruit de la politique étrangère américaine. Même si l'establishment des USA a continuellement soutenu l'intégration européenne, la montée en puissance de cette dernière a tout de même contribué à faire naître des tensions entre les deux entités. La première partie du devoir, intitulée " un soutien exacerbé de l'exportation ", a été scindée en deux titres, l'un relatif à la production et l'autre aux textes législatifs supposés l'appuyer. Dans cette dernière est mise à jour la tentative européenne de faire face aux attaques outre-Atlantique en soulevant certaines interrogations par rapport à diverses législations américaines concernant les importations et/ou exportations. La seconde partie du devoir traite des divergences politiques transatlantiques en matière de protection de l'environnement et de politique de défense, mais également des essais américains de protection de leur leadership en matière de recherche. Vu l'attraction exercée par le développement massif de la Chine et de l'Inde, l'Union doit nécessairement continuer à s'affirmer face aux USA sinon elle risquerait de ne jouer qu'un rôle secondaire au niveau internationalToday's Europe is partly the result of the American foreign policy. Even if they have always supported the European integration, its empowerment has contributed to create a certain unease between both parties. The first part of the composition, called " a worsen support to export ", has been divided in two titles, the first one of them directly related to the production and the other to a set of laws meant to promote it. This second title is underlined the European attempt, by raising certain questions about imports and/or exports, to cope with American assaults. The second part of the composition deals with transatlantic political discrepancies concerning environmental and defence policy questions, as well as the American attempts to protect their leadership in the research field. Considering the attraction caused by the quick development of China and India, the European Union must strive to assert itself against the US because if it didn't it could be condemned to play only a minimal role in international affairs
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Chambers, Angela, i not supplied. "Human rights - education and implementation in a commercial organisation". RMIT University. Management, 2006. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20070207.163032.
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This case study explored the process of incorporating human rights into the operation of an international commercial organisation. Constructing a dialogue to bridge the gap between human rights discourse and commercial realities, this case study identified the unique roles required to develop dialogue and created a model as a diagnostic and educational tool. The roles specific to human rights consulting, of interpreter, Champoin and Enabler afforded effective penetration into the participating industry partner's operational levels. These roles emerged from the process of constructing a human rights discourse and tensions therein where the existing theory of organisational change and consulting was found to be inadequate for human rights intervention. Based on the data of industry partner's existing practices and human rights concerns and on the process of collecting and analysing this data, the model for education and implementation was constructed. It is a flexible tool for examining human rights practices from bottom up as well as top down of an organisation. This research showed that having a comprehensive picture of the complexities involved sas an effective method of exploration and making sense of human rights education and implementation in a multinational industrial setting. The construction of the roles and of the model relied on the central premise of willingness of a multinational corporation to examine its practices and take an autonomous position of corporate citizenship and responsibility. This was consistent with the participatory research design of the study. Theretically this research challenges the appropriateness of traditional organisational change concepts when dealing with human rights; provides a diagnostic and educational tool for human rights consulting; and points to further research in this area.
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Nguyen-Trung-Hoang, Anne-Laure. "L'ASEAN dans le système commercial international : un accord commercial régional entre conformité et particularismes". Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010320.
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Formée à Bangkok, le 8 août 1967, l'Association des Nations d'Asie du Sud-Est, l'ASEAN comprend aujourd'hui le Brunei, le Cambodge, l'Indonésie, le Laos, la Malaisie, le Myanmar, les Philippines, Singapour, la lllai1ande et le Viêt-Nam. Définie par certains observateurs comme une " coquille vide ", l'ASEAN présente néanmoins les caractéristiques fragiles mais tangibles d'une organisation régionale à caractère économique. Marqué par une souplesse juridique et décisionnelle, le régionalisme pratiqué par l'Association oscille entre une collaboration nécessaire, mais redoutée, et la promotion de l'Etat-nation. Lorsque les intérêts nationaux et régionaux coi͏̈ncident, le régionalisme progresse. On observe ainsi une conformité sans ambigui͏̈té de l'Association aux règles du système commercial international, où l'ASEAN apparaît comme un accord commercial préférentiel partiel, puis comme une zone de libre-échange, l'un et l'autre fidèles aux règles édictées en matière de contrôle des intégrations régionales. Les notifications successives des accords commerciaux de l'ASEAN auprès du GATT /OMC retracent l'évolution des régimes juridiques applicables aux accords régionaux conclus entre pays en développement. La coopération commerciale régionale de l'Association est, quant à elle, déterminée par la primauté de l'intérêt national sur l'engagement régional : la réussite économique (le miracle asiatique) n'est pas liée à la coopération intra-ASEAN mais au développement des liens avec les pays tiers. L,a crise a révélé les failles de l'organisation, à savoir le manque d'assise juridique des pays membres et de cohésion régionale. .
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Pace, Virgile. "L'organisation mondiale du commerce (OMC) et le renforcement de la réglementation juridique des échanges commerciaux internationaux". Paris 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA020046.
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Le systeme institue par l'organisation mondiale du commerce (omc) consacre le renforcement sans precedent de la reglementation juridique des echanges commerciaux internationaux. Ce renforcement, incontestable, se traduit d'abord par l'extension quantitative de la reglementation juridique. De fait, il faut relever l'appel accru aux regles juridiques, l'instauration d'un systeme juridiquement plus contraignant et la condamnation expresse des elements extra-juridiques. Ce renforcement est aussi efficace, ce qui atteste de l'extension qualitative de la reglementation juridique. L'institutionnalisation de l'arbitrage, l'instauration d'une veritable procedure d'appel, l'etablissement d'une procedure de surveillance et de controle renforcee, attestent de la nature juridictionnelle des procedures. Plus rationnel, plus credible, plus impartial, le mecanisme de reglement des differends est dote d'une force juridique tres contraignante. Ce renforcement est enfin pragmatique, ce qu'illustre l'extension realiste de la reglementation juridique. Le droit de l'omc, relatif, se caracterise par sa grande souplesse. Specifique, il s'accommode tres largement de la composante regionale. Universel, il est amene a evoluer en permanence, pour repondre aux preoccupations des etats. Ce droit negocie librement par tous les etats membres confere aux regles de l'omc une acceptabilite juridique et politique tres forte. Il faut aller plus loin. Le renforcement de la reglementation juridique des echanges commerciaux internationaux exige aujourd'hui la reconnaissance de l'applicabilite directe du droit de l'omc dans les ordres juridiques internes des etats membresTHE SYSTEM ESTABLISHED BY THE WTO EMBODIES AN UNPRECEDENTED strengthENING OF THE LEGAL REGULATION IMPOSED ON GLOBAL TRADE. THIS MOVE MEANS FIRST AN INCREASE IN THE NUMBER OF JUDICIAL RULES. INDEED, AN INCREASING APPEAL TO JUDICIAL RULES IS TO BE NOTED TOGETHER WITH THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A MORE COERCITIVE LEGAL SYSTEM AND A CLEAR BLAMING OF ALL NON-JUDICIAL ELEMENTS. THIS strengthENING ALSO MEANS MORE EFFICIENCY IN THESE JUDICIAL RULES. INSTITUTIONALIZING ARBITRATION, ESTABLISHING A GENUINE APPEAL PROCEDURE, AND TIGHTENING SUPERVISION AND CONTROL SHOW THE JUDICIAL CHARACTER OF THESE PROCEDURES. MORE RATIONAL, MORE CREDIBLE AND MORE EVENHANDED, THE DISPUTE SETTLEMENT MECHANISM OPERATES IN A MOST POWERFUL JUDICIAL WAY. THIS strengthENING IS EVENTUALLY PRAGMATIC AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF JUDICIAL RULING IS REALISTIC. THE LIMITED RULING OF THE WTO IS MOSTLY FLEXIBLE. IT IS SPECIFIC AND CAN FIT A REGION BUT IT IS ALSO UNIVERSAL SO IT CAN EVOLVE INDEFINITELY TO MEET STATES'DEMANDS. THIS SET OF RULES FREELY NEGOCIATED BY ALL MEMBER STATES PROVIDES WTO WITH A FIRM LEGAL AND POLITICAL ACCEPTABILITY. FURTHERMORE, THE strengthENING OF JUDICIAL RULES ON GLOBAL TRADE REQUIRES THAT ALL DOMESTIC JUDICIAL BODIES ACKNOWLEDGE THAT WTO'S RULES CAN APPLY DIRECTLY IN MEMBER STATES
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Pace, Virgile. "L'Organisation mondiale du commerce et le renforcement de la réglementation juridique des échanges commerciaux internationaux /". Paris ; Montréal (Québec) : l'Harmattan, 1999. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37098092m.
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Lesaffre, Hubert. "Le réglement des différends au sein de l'O. M. C. Et le droit de la responsabilité internationale". Paris 10, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA100039.
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Cette étude porte sur la manière dont les organes de règlement des différends de l’O. M. C. Traitent des questions liées à la responsabilité des Etats membres. Elle cherche plus particulièrement à vérifier l’opinion souvent exprimée par la doctrine selon laquelle ce système serait à la fois spécifique et autonome du droit commun de la responsabilité internationale. Or un examen comparé des différends éléments constitutifs de la responsabilité en droit de l’O. M. C. Et en droit international général – fait générateur de responsabilité ; contenu de la responsabilité ; et mise en œuvre – a montré que ce postulat était, sinon erroné, du moins à fortement relativiser. Il n’est ni si spécifique, ni si autonome. Au contraire, il s’est imprégné des mécanismes de la responsabilité internationale, tout en les adaptant à ses propres fins : le respect du droit, comme garantie du maintien de l’équilibre des concessions et avantagesThis paper deals with the treatment of the responsibility of the States members by the dispute settlement bodies of the WTO. It particularly emphasizes the opinion expressed by literature which present the system as being both specific and independent from the common law for international responsibility. However, a compared analysis of the basic elements of responsibility in WTO law and in international public law, including source, content, and implementation, shows that such a premise, if not erroneous, is to be put into perspective. The system is not so specific, and not so self-contained. On the contrary, it relies on the mechanisms of international responsibility, and while adapting them to its own goals: the respect of the rule of law, as a guarantee of the balance between concessions and advantages
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Ouled, Ben Hafsia Lofti. "L'accès aux marchés, le système commercial multilatéral et le développement". Paris 5, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA05D010.
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Alors que les barrières commerciales tombent, les obstacles juridiques demeurent. Le nombre de pays a triplé au cours des 50 dernières années. Il y a 20 ans, le droit commercial était lié à une notion en particulier. Aujourd'hui, ce n'est plus possible. De nombreuses règles et pratiques commerciales internationales façonnent la manière dont les échanges sont menés. Qu'il s'agisse de l'agriculture, des services, des textiles et vêtements ou. . . , les accords de l'OMC dominent la scène commerciale internationale. L'ouverture des marchés a favorisé le commerce et la croissance économique partout dans le monde ces dernières décennies. Pourtant, les droits de douane restent encore un obstacle essentiel à "l'accès aux marchés". Des avantages considérables pourraient être tirés de leur réduction. Le Programme de Doha pour le développement, adopté en novembre 2001 par les ministres des pays membres de l'OMC, constitue une feuille de route pour les négociations commerciales multilatérales en cours, et demande une amélioration sensible de l'accès aux marchés, en particulier pour les PED. Nous devons trouver de nouveaux moyens pour faciliter les opérations commerciales, régler les différends et mettre en place un environnement juridique sûr en vue de rassurer les partenaires étrangersWhile trade barriers are falling, legal barriers are not. The number of countries has more than tripled in the past 50 years. Twenty years ago, people often associated business law with a particular nation. Today, they cannot afford to. A variety of international trade rules and practices are shaping the way trade is conducted. Whether we speak of agriculture, services, textiles and clothing, intellectual property. . . , WTO agreements dominate the international trade arena. The opening of markets has boosted trade and economic growth worldwide in the past few decades. Yet tariffs still remain a key obstacle to "market access". The potential benefits of further reducing this obstacle are significant. The Doha Development Agenda agreed in November 2001 by WTO ministers provides a roadmap for the current multilateral trade talks, calling for achievement of sybstantial improvements in market access, particularly for DC. We need new ways to facilitate business deals, settle disputes and create secure legal environments that attract foreign partners
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El, Moukahal Daria. "Litiges de l'Union européenne devant l'Organe de règlement des différends". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAD001.
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Le but de la recherche est d'identifier la stratégie de l'Union européenne dans le cadre du règlement des différends à l'OMC et de déterminer le rôle que jouent les différends commerciaux internationaux au niveau interne communautaire. La spécificité de la participation de l'UE par rapport aux autres Etats membres de l'OMC et les raisons de sa participation sont étudiées plus particulièrement dans le cadre d'une réflexion sur la manière dont les litiges internationaux s'inscrivent dans sa politique externe. Nous analysons en outre l'apport des litiges de l'Union européenne dans le développement du droit international. Le travail est articulé autour de deux axes qui contribuent à l'étude de la cohérence de la stratégie de l'UE au sein de l'ORD.Les politiques de l'Union européenne sont fréquemment mises en cause devant l'Organe de règlement des différends de l'OMC. L'UE utilise les litiges commerciaux internationaux comme un instrument de sa politique commercial, notamment dans le but de promouvoir à l'international ses valeurs non-commerciales et les intérêts primordiaux, ainsi que pour défendre son acquis historique selon les lignes directrices de ses politiques. Ces ambitions de l'Union expliquent la particularité de ses litiges commerciaux internationaux. La première partie analyse la nature spécifique des litiges commerciaux internationaux de l'UE et vise à répondre à la question de savoir par quels moyens l'UE essaye d'imposer son expérience de libéralisation des échanges au niveau international (Partie I).Dans la seconde partie nous procédons à l'analyse du choix des modalités de règlement de différends par l'Union en fonction de différents critères. Ainsi, le mode de règlement d'un différend dépend des parties impliquées dans le conflit et des enjeux en cause. En outre, nous examinons si les conditions institutionnelles de sa participation au règlement des différends commerciaux et les mécanismes spéciaux de la PCC existant au sein de l'UE sont compatibles avec les exigences du droit de l'OMC, et s'ils sont par conséquent « rentables » pour la défense efficace des intérêts de l'UE tant commerciaux que non commerciaux (Partie II)The main purpose of the research is to identify the European Union's strategy in the Dispute Settlement Body of the WTO and to determine the role that international trade disputes play on the European level. Particularly, the EU participation specificity, compared to other Members of the WTO and the reasons for its involvement, are examined in the frame of an analysis on the manner in which international disputes inscribe into its external policy. We also analyze the EU disputes contribution to the development of international law. The research articulates around two main parts which contribute to the study of coherence of the EU strategy in the DSB.EU policies are frequently attacked in front of the DSB. The EU uses recourse to international trade disputes as an instrument to promote to the international level its non trade values and essential interests and to defend its historical acquis according to main directions of its policies. These EU ambitions explain the specificity of its international trade disputes. The first part of the research analyses the particular nature of international trade disputes of the EU and intends to answer the question to know by what means the EU tries to impose its own experience of trade liberalization onto international level (Part I).In the second part we are analyzing the EU choice of modes of dispute settlement depending on different criteria. So, the dispute settlement means depends on the parties to the conflict and the stakes of the dispute. We also examine if institutional conditions for its participation to settlement of international trade disputes and special mechanisms of Common Commercial Policy existing in the EU are compliant with WTO law requirements, and if they are consequently profitable for efficient defense of the EU trade and non trade interests (Part II)
Książki na temat "International commercial organisation"
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Organization, World Trade. Trading into the future: WTO : the World Trade Organisation. Geneva: WTO, 1995.
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Chishti, Sumitra. Dispute settlement system under World Trade Organisation. New Delhi: Indian Institute of Foreign Trade, 2001.
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France. Conseil économique et social. L' Organisation mondiale du commerce: Séance des 27 et 28 février 1996. Paris: Direction des journaux officiels, 1996.
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The spatial organisation of multinational corporations. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1985.
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The spatial organisation of multinational corporations. London: Croom Helm, 1985.
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McGovern, Edmond. International trade regulation. Exeter: Globefield, 1995.
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Weekes, John. A CN trade relations forum: Opportunities and risks : Canada's trade policy in troubled seas. Edmonton: Western Centre for Economic Research, University of Alberta, 2012.
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Wei, Shang-Jin. Intra-national versus international trade: How stubborn are nations in global integration? Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1996.
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Jacquet, Jean-Michel. Droit du commerce international. Paris: Dalloz, 2007.
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Mamadou, Koné. Le nouveau droit commercial des pays de la zone OHADA: Comparaisons avec le droit français. Paris: L.G.D.J., 2003.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaCzęści książek na temat "International commercial organisation"
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Donaldson, T. H. "The Organisation of Credit Decisions, Credit Controls and Review". W Lending in International Commercial Banking, 98–117. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-19027-0_6.
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Osorio, Tom. "Networks for manage change in international commercial organisations". W Dynamic Learning Networks, 23–42. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0251-1_2.
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Draulans, Veerle, i Giovanni Lamura. "Introduction: Framing Exclusion from Services". W International Perspectives on Aging, 135–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51406-8_10.
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AbstractThis part presents three specific examples of how old-age social exclusion can take place in the field of service provision. These contributions refer to the key areas of care, transportation and information communication technology (ICT) based solutions, which represent some of the sub-domains of service-related exclusion in later life that are most frequently cited in the literature (Walsh et al. 2017; ROSEnet Services Working Group 2020). Given the current demographic trends, the availability of suitable services has become crucial to ensure social cohesion and inclusiveness. Governments, be it on national or community levels, social profit organisations and commercial companies offer a huge variety of services aimed at making people’s lives easier and more comfortable. In order to better contextualise the contributions presented in this part, this chapter will provide an overview of old-age service exclusion in general, highlighting in particular macro- and micro-level considerations. It will then briefly introduce each contribution.
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Justin, Monsenepwo. "Part 2 National and Regional Reports, Part 2.1 Africa: Coordinated by Jan L Neels and Eesa A Fredericks, 9 OHADA: The Organization for the Harmonization of Business Law in Africa and the Hague Principles". W Choice of Law in International Commercial Contracts. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198840107.003.0009.
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This chapter describes the relationship between the Organisation pour l’Harmonisation en Afrique du Droit des Affaires (OHADA; the Organization for the Harmonization of Business Law in Africa) and the Hague Principles. OHADA is an African supranational organization which was created on October 17, 1993. As per the Preamble and Article 1 of the OHADA Treaty, OHADA aims at creating simple, modern, and harmonized business law rules in Africa. To achieve this goal, OHADA has five institutions: (i) the Conference of Heads of State and Government; (ii) the Council of Ministers; (iii) the Common Court of Justice and Arbitration; (iv) the Regional Training Centre for Legal Officers; and (v) the Permanent Secretariat. Uniform Acts are the main instrument of OHADA. To understand the rules governing choice of law in commercial international contracts under OHADA law, it is important to examine the relation between the acts of OHADA (Uniform Acts and regulations) and the domestic law of the Member States. Meanwhile, there is no uniform codification of private international law under OHADA law. The chapter then explains that the Working Group on the Preliminary Draft Uniform Act on the Law of Obligations in the OHADA Region in 2015 did not use the Hague Principles, and why this omission should be reversed.
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Hiroshi, Oda. "4 Arbitral Institutions". W Russian Arbitration Law and Practice. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198712442.003.0004.
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This chapter focuses on arbitral institutions. After the new Law on Arbitration came into effect on 1 September 2016, permanent arbitral institutions are to be established in accordance with the amended Law. The problem was what was going to happen to the existing arbitral institutions after the Arbitral Reform. The Law provides that existing arbitral institutions that do not fulfil the requirement of the Law and thus did not receive a licence are not entitled to administer arbitration. On 1 November 2017, a vast majority of the existing arbitral institutions failed to meet the requirements of the Law on Arbitration, namely the requirement that they be set up by a non-commercial organisation, and ceased operation. There are now only two permanent arbitral institutions in Russia. Chapter 9 of the Law on Arbitration accommodates detailed rules on the organisational aspects of permanent arbitral institutions. This is different from the system before the 2015 Reform, which had almost no regulation in this respect. Chapter 9 is applicable not only to arbitral institutions which handle domestic arbitration, but also to international commercial arbitration. The chapter then looks at the institutional rules of arbitration as well as the rules on the administration of arbitration.
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Feys, Torsten. "State Policies and Their Influence on the Connections between Maritime and Migration Networks, 1830-1870". W The Battle for the Migrants, 11–66. Liverpool University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5949/liverpool/9781927869000.003.0100.
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This section studies the rise of transatlantic mass migration and long-distance steamshipping between 1830 to 1870, and the ways in which the two intersected. It explores the successes and failures in establishing migration networks, and contrasts activity at the ports of Rotterdam and Antwerp to better understand the impact of commercial networks on the path dependency of migrants. It also considers the organisation of transport and the influence of government policies on both sail and steam shipping during the period. It examines chain migration; business networks; American migration legislation; the rise of Nativism; and migration as an international trade issue, before concluding that steamship lines targeted migrants with full knowledge of their financial value.
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Lloyd, Ian J. "2. The beginnings of data protection". W Information Technology Law, 27–38. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198830559.003.0002.
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Data protection has, at least in western Europe, been seen as a key element of the legal response to the issue of information surveillance. Dating back to the 1970s and 1980s, many data protection laws are, as is the case in the UK, in their 3rd generation of statutes. The scope (and length) of these statutes has expanded significantly although the core data protection principles have remained essentially unaltered. In addition to developments within the EU there have been data protection initiatives within international fora such as the Council of Europe, the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), the UN, and the Asia-Pacific Privacy Charter initiative. As with early UK developments where commercial pressure driven by the need to guarantee the free movement of data to and from the UK played a major role in the introduction of the first statute – the Data Protection Act 1984 – so commercial factors are once again at play with multi-national companies tending to argue that it is easier for them to comply with a global set of data protection rules – even though restrictive of their commercial freedom, than to have to comply with different rules in every country in which they do business.
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Wyburn, Mary. "Copyright and Ethical Issues in Emerging Models for the Digital Media Reporting of Sports News in Australia". W Digital Rights Management, 290–309. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-2136-7.ch014.
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The chapter examines the copyright and ethical issues raised by emerging models for the digital media reporting of sports news in Australia. In particular, it explores the use by news organisations of a defence in copyright law that provides protection against an infringement action for the reporting of news and the use by sports organisations of journalist accreditation to limit, by way of contract, the uses made of copyright material generated at sports events. It briefly outlines some proposed responses to these issues, including amending copyright law or establishing an industry code of conduct for the accreditation of news organisations accessing and reporting on sports events in the digital media. These matters were raised in a 2009 Senate inquiry. The inquiry attracted submissions from international news organisations concerned that a more restricted access regime established by sports organisations in Australia might influence the terms negotiated in other countries. The conflicts arising in this industry sector are a small part of a much larger international landscape in which new digital communications technologies are offering greater business opportunities but at the same time challenging existing commercial relationships.
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Hiroshi, Oda. "2 The 2015 Reform of Arbitration". W Russian Arbitration Law and Practice. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198712442.003.0002.
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This chapter discusses the 2015 Arbitral Reform. The arbitral reform, which started in 2011, culminated in two sets of laws adopted by Parliament and signed by the president on 25 December 2015. The package comprised the Law on Arbitration of the Russian Federation and the Law on the amendments to the Laws in relation to the adoption of the above law. The latter included amendments to the Law on Commercial Court Procedure and the Law on International Commercial Arbitration. On 27 December 2018, the Law on Arbitration was further amended. The power to grant license to perform functions of permanent arbitral institutions was shifted to the Ministry of Justice. One of the fundamental issues which were contested in the process of the reform was whether the existing regime of segregation of international and domestic arbitration should be abandoned altogether or should be maintained. With the strong opposition from experts of international commercial arbitration supported by the Codification Commission and the President’s Administration, the system of two separate laws, that is, the Law on Arbitration and the Law on International Commercial Arbitration, was maintained. However, organisational/institutional aspects of arbitration, including international arbitration, are now regulated by the Law on Arbitration.
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Leng, Ho Keat, Xinran Wu i Deping Zhong. "Effect of Brand Familiarity on Sponsor Recall". W Research Anthology on Business Strategies, Health Factors, and Ethical Implications in Sports and eSports, 92–105. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7707-3.ch005.
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The aim of this study was to examine the effect of brand familiarity on sponsor recall. 196 respondents in China and Singapore were exposed to video clips from the 14th FINA World Championships held in Shanghai, China in 2011, and the 28th South East Asian (SEA) Games held in Singapore in 2015. It was found that respondents were more likely to recall familiar brands. The findings provided empirical evidence that commercial organisations should first consider the level of brand familiarity in the target market before embarking on sports sponsorship. This is because sports sponsorship is more effective when the brand is familiar with the target spectators. In addition, this study suggests that it may be more effective for commercial organisations that are not established internationally to consider sponsoring events that targets spectators from regions that they are already operating in. This will allow their sponsorship to be more effective.
Streszczenia konferencji na temat "International commercial organisation"
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Lydell, Bengt, Alejandro Huerta i Karen Gott. "Progress With the International Pipe Failure Data Exchange Project". W ASME 2007 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2007-26278.
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Certain member countries of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) in 2002 established the OECD Pipe Failure Data Exchange Project (OPDE) to produce an international database on the piping service experience applicable to commercial nuclear power plants. OPDE is operated under the umbrella of the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA). The Project collects pipe failure data including service-induced wall thinning, part through-wall crack, pinhole leak, leak, and rupture/severance (i.e., events involving large leak rates up to and beyond the make-up capacity of engineered safeguards systems). The part through-wall events include degradation in excess of code allowable for pipe wall thinning or crack depth. OPDE also addresses such degradation that could have generic implications regarding the reliability of in-service inspection. At the end of 2006 the OPDE database included approximately 3,700 records on pipe failure affecting ASME Code Class 1 through 3 and non-Code piping. This paper summarizes the unique data quality considerations that are associated with the reporting and recording of piping component degradation and failure. The paper also summarizes the database content and puts it in perspective relative to past efforts to systematically collect and evaluate service experience data on piping performance.
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Mackintosh, Angela. "How an Integrated Change Programme Has Accelerated the Reduction in High Hazard Nuclear Facilities at Sellafield". W ASME 2011 14th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2011-59014.
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For over five decades the Sellafield Site has been central to the UK’s nuclear programme. Sellafield Ltd is managed by NMP (Nuclear Management Partners), a consortium of URS, AMEC and AREVA and is focussed on the decommissioning of historical facilities. When the activity of Decommissioning commenced in the late 1980’s the site focus at that time was on commercial reprocessing and waste management. Now through the implementation of an integrated company change programme, emphasis has shifted towards accelerated risk and hazard reduction of degraded legacy plants with nuclear inventory whilst ensuring value for money for the customer, the Nuclear Decommissioning Authority (NDA). This paper will describe the management approach that is being taken and the planning tools that are being applied by the Site owners in delivering an integrated change programme across the Decommissioning Directorate. The paper will explain how the management approach to change uses Peer Assist, Rapid Improvement Events, Organisational Review Self Evaluation, Value Stream Analysis and Accelerated Improvement Events as improvement tools. Use of these has enabled downsizing of the organisation, driven out hundreds of man day efficiencies within the maintenance and asset management areas, improved the management of spares reducing annual costs by £1000’s, improved Commercial practices by fast tracking the preparation of invitations to tender for critical contracts, rolled back radiological control areas and enabled quicker access to the workface at a reduced cost. This paper will explain in detail how the Decommissioning Directorate Programme Office has implemented planning tools such as governance, identification of opportunities, benefit evaluation and prioritisation and sanction of the optimum improvements and how through the use of a balanced scorecard, delivery of the improvements has been measured ensuring that the targets are met. Finally, the paper will discuss how the Performance Improvement Action Plan has proved to be critical for presenting the change plan and its delivery to key stakeholders, Government owners and powerful regulators. Overall, this paper provides an insight into how a massive change programme is being managed within one of the world’s highest regulated industries.
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Walkingshaw, Martin. "The Role of the National Low Level Waste Repository Operator in Delivering New Solutions for the Management of Low Level Wastes in the UK". W ASME 2009 12th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2009-16217.
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The UK National Low Level Waste Repository (LLWR) is located near to the village of Drigg in West Cumbria. It is the principal site for disposal of solid Low Level Radioactive Waste (LLW) in the United Kingdom. This paper describes the program of work currently being undertaken by the site’s operators, (LLW Repository Ltd and its newly appointed Parent Body Organisation), to extend the life of the LLWR and reduce the overall cost of LLW management to the UK taxpayer. The current focus of this program is to prevent disposal capacity being taken up at LLWR by waste types which lend themselves to alternative treatment and/or disposition routes. The chosen approach enables consignors to segregate LLW at source into formats which allow further treatment for volume reduction or, (for wastes with lower levels of activity), consignment in the future to alternative disposal facilities. Segregated waste services are incorporated into LLW Disposal commercial agreements between the LLWR operator and waste consignors.
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Ali, Fakhre, Lars Ellbrant, David Elmdahl i Tomas Grönstedt. "A Noise Assessment Framework for Subsonic Aircraft and Engines". W ASME Turbo Expo 2016: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2016-58012.
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This paper proposes a preliminary subsonic aircraft and engine noise assessment framework, capable of computing the aircraft total noise level at all three certification points (i.e. Approach, Lateral, and Flyover) defined by the International Civil Aviation Organisation. The proposed framework is numerically integrated to account for the complete aircraft noise sources (i.e. the fuselage, wings, landing gear, as well as noise sources resulting from the engine component level, (i.e. fan, compressor, combustor, turbine, and jet). The developed framework is based on a wide-range of empirical and semi-empirical correlations collected from the public domain literature. The fidelity of the framework also caters for flight effects such as atmospheric attenuation, spherical spreading, Doppler shift, lateral attenuation, retarded time and ground reflection. A conversion between the sound pressure level SPL [SPLdB] to effective perceived noise level EPNL [EPNdB] is also included to allow for a consistent comparison with the certification procedure. Through the successful deployment of the proposed framework a generic aircraft model, representative of a modern commercial carrier aircraft has been investigated, operating under representative operational conditions. The sound pressure level corresponding to various aircraft and engine component have been thoroughly investigated and verified with trends acquired based on the theory. Furthermore, the predictions made by the framework corresponding to the aforementioned three certification points have also been verified against the noise level measurements provided by the International Civil Aviation Organization. The results acquired exhibit good correlation against the verification data for total noise levels at the microphones. Furthermore, a component level comparison is also presented which exhibit good agreement with verification data. The deployed methodology can essentially be regarded as an enabling technology to support the effective and efficient implementation of framework(s) (i.e. Technoeconomic, Environmental and Risk Assessment) targeted to evaluate the existing and advanced aircraft and engine architectures in terms of operational performance and environmental impact.
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Franco, Flavio J. "Strategic Management of Technology for Power Generation Equipment: A System Dynamics Approach". W ASME Turbo Expo 2004: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2004-53878.
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There is a large number of studies about energy long term trends and policies, published by national and international government organisations. Commercial companies, particularly manufacturers of power generation equipment, can take benefit of these studies to test the robustness of long term technology development strategies. Scenario Planning and System Dynamics have been used by the government organisations to study energy policies. In this paper an application of this methodology is proposed for manufacturers of power generation equipment, in particular gas turbine manufacturers. A generic company is used as an illustrative example, against scenarios produced by the International Institute for Applied System Analysis. A System Dynamics model is proposed, simplifications and assumptions are discussed, the type of results that can be obtained is shown and some recommendations are suggested for the construction of more realistic models.
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Mackintosh, Angela. "How an Integrated Change Programme Has Accelerated the Reduction in High Hazard Nuclear Facilities at Sellafield". W ASME 2013 15th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2013-96168.
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For over five decades the Sellafield Site has been central to the UK’s nuclear programme. Now operated by Sellafield Ltd, under the management of Parent Body Organisation Nuclear Management Partners (NMP), a consortium of URS Washington Division, AMEC and AREVA is focussed on the decommissioning of historical facilities. When Decommissioning commenced in the late 1980’s the site focus at that time was on commercial reprocessing and waste management. Now through the implementation of a company change programme, emphasis has shifted towards accelerated risk and hazard reduction of degraded legacy plants with nuclear inventory whilst ensuring value for money for the customer, the Nuclear Decommissioning Authority. This paper will describe the management success by the Site owners in delivering a successful change programme. The paper will explain how the site has transitioned to the INPO Standard Nuclear Performance Model (SNPM) and how through the use of a change maturity matrix has contributed to the accelerated reduction in high risk high hazard nuclear facilities. The paper will explain in detail how the Decommissioning Programme Office has facilitated and coordinated the Governance and assured delivery of the change plan and how successful application of visual management has aided the communication of its progress. Finally, the paper will discuss how the Delivery Schedules have proved critical for presenting the change plan to Key Stakeholders, Government Owners and Powerful Regulators. Overall, this paper provides an insight into how a massive change programme is being managed within one of the world’s highest regulated industries.
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Chambers, T. N. "Decommissioning of a Shielded αβγ Pie Facility at Harwell". W ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-5022.
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Building 393.6 at Harwell was constructed and commissioned in the mid 1950’s as a remote handling facility used for the post irradiation examination (PIE) of a variety of radioactive materials. The facility contained a number of lead shielded cells, fume cupboards, gloveboxes and a block of three concrete shielded cells. A particular feature of the facility was a suite of ten lead shielded cells arranged as a cell line with interconnecting shielded tunnel sections, used for PIE of irradiated fuels. Operation of the plant continued until the mid-1990s supporting a variety of commercial programmes for the nuclear industry, including the assessment of fuel performance and metallurgy of a variety of cladding materials. Decommissioning of the facility commenced in 1995 with the objective of removing all radiological and toxic materials, dismantling of containments and removal of the building fabric, to enable release of the land for alternative uses. The key challenges encountered in decommissioning were: • B393.6 was the first Category 1 shielded facility to be decommissioned at the Harwell Site; • The hands on decommissioning team was divested from UKAEA to a contracting organisation part way through the decommissioning; • Development of remote decontamination techniques to ensure operator doses were ALARP; • Remote decontamination of heavily contaminated shielded enclosures to permit disposal of waste to Drigg as Low Level Waste; • Reducing the volume of Intermediate Level Waste into either Low Level Waste or free release material; • Decontamination of large volumes of lead to enable disposal of approximately 95% of lead arisings as free release. The paper will discuss the technical and managerial challenges encountered, and provide details of the solutions adopted in successfully reaching the radiological endpoint.
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Ramsina, Snezhana. "Integration of Public and Private Aspects in Business Models 4.0 of the Tourism Market". W The Public/Private in Modern Civilization, the 22nd Russian Scientific-Practical Conference (with international participation) (Yekaterinburg, April 16-17, 2020). Liberal Arts University – University for Humanities, Yekaterinburg, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35853/ufh-public/private-2020-58.
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The current digital opportunities that have spawned the upgrade of the business versions of tourism and hospitality have been actualised due to the hard-to-predict pandemic nature of the COVID-19 coronavirus threat and travel bans. In Business Model 4.0. the usual forms of the relationship between the public (institutional) and the private, individual in tourism and hospitality are transformed. Research objective: to characterise the integration capabilities of automated (AI-based) travel industry business processes that personalise the tourism offers to the needs and preferences of travel lers and guests. The value-based marketing 4.0 approach, supplemented by structural, network and functional approaches to the analysis of the structure, multi-level, dynamics of commercial opportunities, consumer value of business models of organisation and the implementation of tourism products, allowed the integration possibilities of Internet services in satisfying individualised consumer demands to be satisfied. Soft culture blurs the boundaries between the public and the personal, making actors’ informational behaviour transparent, transforming existing business strategies, and giving rise to ‘mass individuality’ in tourism and hospitality. The forms of correlation between the public (group, communal) and the private, individual in the practice of tourist services at all stages of a tourist trip or guest visits to HoReCa enterprises change under the influence of BigData technologies regarding operational processes; modelling and forecasting strategies; horizontal and vertical integration. The marketplace is won by those who practise personalisation, customisation and marketing authenticity of the market offer distributed on the P2P network. The basis of a stable competitive advantage of a company able to create a unique customer value in the tourism and hospitality market is represented by predictive or prognostic analytics of big data and smart technologies.
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Lubbe, S. I. "The alignment of Internet commercial operations with information technology with organisational operations". W 36th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2003. Proceedings of the. IEEE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hicss.2003.1174569.
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Hessami, Mir Akbar, i Justine White. "Improved Fluid Circulation and Heat Transfer in Geothermal Reservoirs due to Superior Fracture Network in Hot Dry Rocks (HDR)". W ASME 2012 6th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2012 10th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2012-91271.
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As the reduction of carbon emissions becomes an increasingly pressing issue, a larger emphasis is being placed on the need for the development of renewable energy. One such option is geothermal energy which utilizes the heat from the earth’s crust; it presents a vast potential for the production of commercial scale base-load power generation. However, the conventional techniques used in the stimulation of hot dry rocks (HDR) geothermal wells are not very effective in producing a permeable reservoir for heat exchange between the rock mass and the working fluid. To increase the permeability of geothermal reservoirs, a new stimulation technique (developed by CSIRO - Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation) which involves isolating sections of the well for controlled planar fracture growth can be used. However, if these notches/fractures are placed too closely together they will interact with one another, resulting in a deviated fracture path. A two dimensional numerical model has thus been developed to study conditions under which adjacent fractures will interact with one another. This study aims to verify the numerical model through stimulating a number of granite blocks, and drawing comparisons between the observed fracture pattern and that predicted by the model. To achieve this goal, the stimulated and fractured granite blocks were sectioned and their fracture patterns were extracted using a MATLAB code, before being reconstructed in their respective positions. Stimulation was carried out firstly using conventional techniques, and then by trialling the method proposed by CSIRO. Observation of the reconstructed images showed good agreement between the model predictions and the observed fracturing patterns in two-dimensions. However, the three-dimensional pattern in the notched, perpendicular well-bore was observed as a ‘half cylinder’. This was counter intuitive as it was expected that radial symmetry of the fractures would be observed resulting in a ‘bowl’ shape. It was therefore concluded that while the model was unable to accurately predict the three-dimensional geometry of an array of fractures, stimulation through a notched perpendicular wellbore was very effective in the production of a controlled system of fractures with an improved fluid flow and heat exchanging surface area of the reservoir in comparison to the conventional techniques.
Raporty organizacyjne na temat "International commercial organisation"
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Walsh, Alex. The Contentious Politics of Tunisia’s Natural Resource Management and the Prospects of the Renewable Energy Transition. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), luty 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.048.
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For many decades in Tunisia, there has been a robust link between natural resource management and contentious national and local politics. These disputes manifest in the form of protests, sit-ins, the disruption of production and distribution and legal suits on the one hand, and corporate and government response using coercive and concessionary measures on the other. Residents of resource-rich areas and their allies protest the inequitable distribution of their local natural wealth and the degradation of their health, land, water, soil and air. They contest a dynamic that tends to bring greater benefit to Tunisia’s coastal metropolitan areas. Natural resource exploitation is also a source of livelihoods and the contentious politics around them have, at times, led to somewhat more equitable relationships. The most important actors in these contentious politics include citizens, activists, local NGOs, local and national government, international commercial interests, international NGOs and multilateral organisations. These politics fit into wider and very longstanding patterns of wealth distribution in Tunisia and were part of the popular alienation that drove the uprising of 2011. In many ways, the dynamic of the contentious politics is fundamentally unchanged since prior to the uprising and protests have taken place within the same month of writing of this paper. Looking onto this scene, commentators use the frame of margins versus centre (‘marginalization’), and also apply the lens of labour versus capital. If this latter lens is applied, not only is there continuity from prior to 2011, there is continuity with the colonial era when natural resource extraction was first industrialised and internationalised. In these ways, the management of Tunisia’s natural wealth is a significant part of the country’s serious political and economic challenges, making it a major factor in the street politics unfolding at the time of writing.