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Kareng, Yaya. "INTERNATIONAL AVIATION/AIRSPACE LAW AN OVERVIEW." International Journal of Law Reconstruction 4, no. 1 (2020): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.26532/ijlr.v4i1.10941.
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Aviation law is the branch of law that concerns flight, air travel, and associated legal and business concerns. Some of its area of concern overlaps that of admiralty law and, in many cases, aviation law is considered a matter of international law due to the nature of air travel. However, the business aspects of airlines and their regulation also fall under aviation law. In the international realm, the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) provides general rules and mediates international concerns to an extent regarding aviation law. The ICAO is a specialized agency of the United Nations. In the United States and in most European nations, aviation law is considered a federal or state-level concern and is regulated at that level. In the U.S., states cannot govern aviation matters in most cases directly but look to Federal laws and case law for this function instead. For example, a court recently struck down New York's Passenger Bill of Rights law because regulation of aviation is traditionally a federal concern. Aviation law, however, is not in the United States held under the same Federal mandate of jurisdiction as admiralty law; that is, while the United States Constitution provides for the administration of admiralty,[1] it does not provide such for aviation law. States and municipalities do have some indirect regulation over aviation. For example, zoning laws can require an airport to be located away from residential areas, and airport usage can be restricted to certain times of day. State product-liabilitys law are not preempted by Federal law and in most cases, aviation manufacturers may be held strictly liable for defects in aviation products. Space law, which governs matters in outer space beyond the Earth's atmosphere, is a rather new area of law but one that already has its own journals and academic support. Much of space law is connected to aviation law.
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Serrie, Hendrick. "An Anthropology-Led Major in International Business." Practicing Anthropology 11, no. 4 (1989): 8–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.11.4.2036072qvgv52144.
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The increasing importance of international trade to the American economy and the current concerns about American economic competitiveness in the global marketplace have raised an awareness of the multicultural context of international business, and how critically deficient the preparation of managers has been for positions in foreign subsidiaries.
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Basu, Susanto, and Alan M. Taylor. "Business Cycles in International Historical Perspective." Journal of Economic Perspectives 13, no. 2 (1999): 45–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.13.2.45.
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This paper examines business cycles theoretically and empirically, with a quantitative study based on data for a cross section of countries. Theoretical concerns indicate that the properties of business cycle models depend not only on important structural aspects of the model, such as money neutrality, labor market structure, and price adjustment, but also on the closure of the model in international markets. Econometric considerations suggest that panel data can provide more information about the country-specific versus universal features of cycles. The authors review business cycle properties in a sample of over a dozen counties in light of these issues.
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Luftman, Jerry, Barry Derksen, Rajeev Dwivedi, Martin Santana, Hossein S. Zadeh, and Eduardo Rigoni. "Influential it Management Trends: An International Study." Journal of Information Technology 30, no. 3 (2015): 293–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/jit.2015.18.
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This paper is based on data collected as part of an 11-year authors’ survey research on IT trends in different geographic regions, including North America, Europe, Asia, Australia, Africa, and Latin America. This study focuses on global similarities and differences in technology trends (e.g., management concerns, influential technologies, budgets/spending, organizational considerations) among geographies to gain insight into the challenges that IT and non-IT executives face today as well as provide an understanding of the impact these technologies have on the organization's long-term plans and investments. The results for the 11-year period show that the top five management concerns are: (i) IT-business alignment; (ii) business agility; (iii) business cost reduction/controls; (iv) business productivity; and (v) security/privacy. The five most influential technologies are: (i) analytics/business intelligence; (ii) cloud computing; (iii) ERP systems; (iv) CRM systems; and (v) security technologies. Taken together, these findings suggest that the alignment of IT and the business and leveraging IT to reduce business expenses and generate revenue are and will remain essential. The results also suggest that the role of the CIO is evolving and offshore outsourcing is on the rise. Budgets, hiring, and salaries are also increasing, albeit cautiously. This research provides important implications for IT managers to benchmark considerations such as organizational, sourcing, spending, issues/concerns, and technologies across geographies, and sheds light on a perspective on leveraging important IT trends to make thoughtful decisions about them over the coming years, and address current business challenges.
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Jones, Peter, and Martin Wynn. "Nature Positive in Business." Encyclopedia 4, no. 2 (2024): 776–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia4020049.
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The concept of nature positive has recently emerged from the widespread recognition of the global scale at which nature is being lost and the threat this poses to the collective survival of the human race. Much of the interest in nature positive reflects the initial commitment to it by conservation organisations and by a number of international political initiatives. However, the pursuit of nature positive approaches by businesses has received little attention in the business and management literature. Building upon an analysis of secondary sources, this entry paper first examines how three international organisations suggest a nature positive strategy could be pursued. This paper then focuses on two multinational companies and how they plan to pursue a nature positive approach to their business activities. This article identifies a number of critical factors in developing a nature positive strategy: incorporating suppliers in this strategy, assessing corporate dependencies and impacts on nature, and reporting on nature positive initiatives and outcomes. At the same time, this article raises concerns that nature positive approaches could be driven more by business imperatives rather than fundamental corporate concerns about biodiversity and that many business commitments to nature positive could be seen as mainly aspirational.
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Pehrsson, Anders. "Business relatedness in international diversification." European Business Review 31, no. 2 (2019): 197–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ebr-03-2018-0069.
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Purpose Business relatedness is important in international diversification because it enables a firm’s transfer of resources to business units operating in foreign markets. The purpose of this paper is to develop a conceptual model based on a review of the major contributions of studies regarding the relatedness of subsidiaries, joint ventures or any other foreign unit. Design/methodology/approach The paper examines theory bases, the relatedness construct, data issues and the key achievements of previous studies. Drawing on organizational learning, transaction costs economics and industrial organization, a conceptual model and propositions are developed that intend to close important research gaps. Findings The model includes competitive strategy as a mediator of the effects of relatedness on foreign unit performance, type of foreign unit – that is, a wholly owned unit or joint venture – as a moderator; and competition barriers as a moderator. Research limitations/implications In future research, the propositions need to be transformed into testable hypotheses. It is recommended to treat relatedness as a multidimensional concept. Practical implications A firm is primarily advised to evaluate how its relatedness with foreign units enables knowledge transfer. A foreign cost leadership strategy benefits from product relatedness, while a differentiation strategy calls for resource relatedness. Originality/value The proposed model is unique as it includes an actionable component that mediates the effects of relatedness on international performance, i.e. competitive strategy, and concerns both wholly owned foreign units and international joint ventures.
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Heinemann, Andreas. "Business Co-operation on Electronic Marketplaces: Competition Law Concerns." European Business Organization Law Review 3, no. 1 (2002): 27–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1566752900000811.
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Stringer, Tara, Gary Mortimer, and Alice Ruth Payne. "Do ethical concerns and personal values influence the purchase intention of fast-fashion clothing?" Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management: An International Journal 24, no. 1 (2020): 99–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfmm-01-2019-0011.
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PurposeThe rise of fast fashion has changed the face of global fashion. Despite sector growth, critics have questioned the level of obsolescence, encouragement of over-consumption and fast fashion's unsustainable business practices. Specifically, mounting concerns surround the impact on environmental, worker and animal welfare. Accordingly, the aim of this current work is to understand the influence of consumer's values on ethical consumption in a fast-fashion context.Design/methodology/approachAn online survey was designed to collect responses relating to personal values and ethical concerns towards animal and worker welfare issues, as well as environmental concerns. A total of 350 US-based fast-fashion consumers completed the survey via Amazon MTurk. Factor analyses and structural equation modelling were used to analyse and test a theoretically hypothesised model.FindingsThis study found that self-transcendence values and openness to change values have a positive impact on consumers' levels of ethical concern towards animal welfare, the environment and worker welfare concerns within the fashion industry. Furthermore, a consumer's level of concern towards animal welfare and the environment positively influences a consumer's likeliness to purchase ethically marketed fast fashion.Originality/valueThis is the first study to investigate the role of consumer values and their influence on ethical concerns within the fashion industry and the impact of these concerns on intentions to purchase ethically marketed fast fashion. Responding to calls for further research into ethical consumption of apparel, this study includes all elements of ethical consumption identified, including animal welfare. This study identifies ethical areas of concern salient amongst fast-fashion consumers and provides a deeper understanding of the values impacting the level of ethical concerns surrounding animal welfare, the environment and worker welfare.
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Prihandono, Iman, and Fajri Hayu Religi. "Business and Human Rights Concerns in the Indonesian Textile Industry." Yuridika 34, no. 3 (2019): 493. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/ydk.v34i3.14931.
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Indonesia is the tenth largest textile exporter in the world. The textile industry has long been the major industry to absorb labour force in the country. The textile industry substantially contributes to the national economic growth by employing 3.58 million workers, or 21.2 per cent of the total labour force in the manufacturing industry. The textile business has been growing over the previous decade. Based on the Bank of Indonesia report, this industry significantly contributes to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of Indonesia. The contribution increased from Rp96.3trillion (US$7billion) in 2010 to Rp139.4trillion (US$10.2billion) in 2015. However, the textile industry in Indonesia does not only positively contribute to the country’s economic growth, it also creates negative impacts, such as environmental issues. As will be explained further, these environmental impacts include environmental damage caused to the Citarum River and Sukoharjo. The textile industry’s contribution to pollution is also high at a global level. Among the G20 countries, Indonesia is ranked 2nd for the highest levels of water pollution caused by the textile industry with 29.25 per cent, slightly below Turkey (32.21 per cent). Even though most of the international brands, such as GAP, H&M and Inditex, have already adopted human rights standards and policies, there are still many cases that show the failure of these companies to uphold human rights. For this reason, the implementation of international standards is needed to achieve a more sustainable textile industry. This article discusses business and human rights concerns in relation to the Indonesian textile industry. It addresses several environmental issues caused by the textile industry, discusses human rights standards and policies in the textile industry, and finally shows possible ways of implementing such international standards (i.e. Eco Label and the Bangladesh Accord) in Indonesia.
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Mardirossian, Nora. "Remarks by Nora Mardirossian." Proceedings of the ASIL Annual Meeting 116 (2022): 154–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/amp.2022.24.
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There can be benefits to industry group participation in international governance. However, some engagements between business groups and international organizations raise concerns, including with respect to the legitimacy and trust of international governance and lawmaking itself. These concerns require the establishment and enforcement of guardrails surrounding industry group engagement to ensure participation is responsible.
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Guvenli, Turgut, and Rajib Sanyal. "Ethical Concerns in International Business: Are Some Issues More Important than Others?" Business and Society Review 107, no. 2 (2002): 195–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8594.00132.
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Meyer, Klaus E. "International business in an era of anti-globalization." Multinational Business Review 25, no. 2 (2017): 78–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mbr-03-2017-0017.
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Purpose The apparent onset of an era of anti-globalization creates significant challenges for international business (IB) practice, research and education. This paper aims to discuss the implication of these challenges for IB scholarship. Design/methodology/approach This essay assesses the needs for research in IB in view of the challenges posed by the anti-globalization movement. Findings The author identifies and analyzes two sets of concerns of the anti-globalization movement: the unequal distribution of the benefits of globalization and emergent constraints on national sovereignty. On that basis, he offers suggestions on how international business scholars may contribute to addressing these challenges through research, teaching and public engagement. Practical implications Businesses need to understand the economic and institutional arguments motivating the anti-globalization movement and to address them within their scope of activity. Social implications Globalization benefits societies, in general, but some groups do not benefit unless specific remedial action is taken. If these groups are not supported, they can cause political disruption to IB and, hence, economic prosperity. Originality/value This paper offers a pathway for IB scholars to contribute to discourses on globalization and anti-globalization.
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Gray, Dahli, and Ruben Torres. "Accounting for Business Combinations (Topic 805)." World Journal of Business and Management 5, no. 2 (2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/wjbm.v5i2.15031.
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This article discusses the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 805, as promulgated by the 2019 Accounting Standards Update (ASU) concerning Business Combinations. It focuses on revenue from contracts with customers. Several concerns regarding how and when to recognize an assumed liability after a business combination were raised by users and preparers of financial statements. Concerns emerged from the differing views on how a liability (that is, performance obligation) is defined within the FASB ASC Topic 606 regarding revenue from contracts with customers. Determining how and if a contract liability is recognized in a business combination from a revenue contract were the major concerns. This article reviews a brief history of business combinations and contracts with customers. It explores the issue from various accounting perspectives (such as financial and managerial accounting, tax accounting, governmental accounting issues, ethical implications, and international accounting). Potential questions for future research regarding this topic are presented. The 16 Comment Letters sent to the FASB are discussed. The results of a survey administered as part of this research are presented.
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Isaienko, Volodymyr, Dmytro Bugayko, Mariia Hryhorak, and Oksana Ovdiienko. "International Transport Corridors Functioning Efficiency in the Digital Economy Conditions." Logistics and Transport 42, no. 2 (2019): 47–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.26411/83-1734-2015-2-42-8-19.
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The problem that is taken under consideration in the following article concerns the implementation, use and effectiveness of virtual work in the supply chain in e-economy. Any solution concern employee mobility or the use of mobile technology are due to growing market competition and constant search for new solutions that may enable the companies in the supply chain to be more efficient than the competition. In the supply chain the E-business creates for the companies new challenges they have to face. One of the possibilities to improve your business in the supply chain is to use virtual work. The new challenge facing the e-economy needs to be met. The aim of the article is to refer the virtual work, that is used by selected links in the supply chain to meet e-economy requirements, identify the key factors that characterize e-economy and refer them to the possibilities and benefits of using virtual work in the supply chain.
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M. Forray, Jeanie, and Janelle E. Goodnight. "Recruiting business PhDs: US minority motives and concerns." Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal 33, no. 1 (2014): 2–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/edi-10-2012-0099.
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Purpose – While institutional efforts have shown modest results, AACSB statistics suggest that current practices are insufficient to increase more substantively the representation of minorities among doctorally qualified business school faculty. The purpose of this paper is to explore antecedents to the faculty representation issue – that is, the motives, concerns, and resources of US minority individuals with respect to business doctoral program entry – as a basis for improving minority faculty representation outcomes. Design/methodology/approach – A small sample of doctoral program directors were interviewed to ascertain their perspective on recruitment, design and delivery of PhD programs in business and from which a survey instrument was developed. A sample of 292 US minority respondents surveyed indicated their top reasons for and concerns about pursuing a doctorate, program selection and rejection criteria, sources of information and financing, and, for those in the decision-making stage, reasons for waiting to apply to a program. The paper compares responses of those who graduated from or are currently enrolled in a doctoral program in business with those who decided not to enroll. The paper also explores factors most salient to individuals currently contemplating enrolling but who have not yet decided to do so. Findings – Results suggest that mentorship of promising undergraduate and master's students by business faculty and current doctoral students is critical to US minority enrollments in doctoral programs; however, a school's physical location, required time and energy, and financial considerations also play a role in the decision-making process. The role of international students in diversity efforts by doctoral programs is also salient. Originality/value – Previous studies in multiple disciplines note the under-representation of US minority faculty in academe. In business education, suggestions for overcoming this gap have focussed on recruitment, mentoring, and/or networks and support groups but little is known about antecedents to entry (motives, concerns, and resources of US minority individuals) with respect to business doctoral programs.
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Bendapudi, Neeli, and Robert P. Leone. "Managing Business-to-Business Customer Relationships following Key Contact Employee Turnover in a Vendor Firm." Journal of Marketing 66, no. 2 (2002): 83–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.66.2.83.18476.
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Customers form relationships with the employees who serve them as well as with the vendor firms these employees represent. In many cases, a customer's relationship with an employee who is closest to them, a key contact employee, may be stronger than the customer's relationship with the vendor firm. If the key contact employee is no longer available to serve that customer, the vendor firm's relationship with the customer may become vulnerable. In this article, the authors present the results of two studies that examine what business-to-business customers value in their relationships with key contact employees, what customers' concerns are when a favored key contact employee is no longer available to serve them, and what vendor firms can do to alleviate these concerns and to retain employee knowledge even if they cannot retain the employee in that position. The studies are based on a discovery-oriented approach and integrate input from business-to-business customers, key contact employees, and managers from a broad cross-section of companies to develop testable propositions. The authors discuss managerial and theoretical implications and directions for further research.
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Chan, Kam C., Barbara Farrell, and Patricia Healy. "Audit Firm Rotation Concerns And Considerations." Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 30, no. 1 (2013): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v30i1.8297.
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The Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) issued a concept release in 2011 which proposes a mandatory audit firm rotation. However, PCAOB indicates that there is a limited amount of empirical data and research evidence on the potential costs and benefits of such mandatory audit firm rotation. This study provides some empirical evidences related to PCAOBs concerns. Specifically, we find that the largest clients audited by Big 4 accounting firms have few material internal control weaknesses and accounting restatements. In addition, accounting restatements are often reported within four years after the beginning of accounting errors and are reported by the same auditor during the restatement period. These findings cast doubt on the benefit of mandatory audit firm rotation. We also find that the largest audit clients on average represent over 20% of the audit revenues of local offices of Big 4 accounting firms. Thus, mandatory audit firm rotations could significantly disrupt the normal operations of public accounting firms if audit clients are required to change auditors periodically.
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Tcyrempilova, Serzhena, Can Ertugrul, Mihály Hegedűs, Mohammad Daud Ali, Lóránt Dénes Dávid, and Róbert Magda. "Russian MNCS and international investment paradigm (Before COVID-19)." Journal of Infrastructure, Policy and Development 8, no. 6 (2024): 3725. http://dx.doi.org/10.24294/jipd.v8i6.3725.
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This study examines the relationship between Russian FDI carried out by large MNCs and investment development path (IDP). Although statistical analysis does not establish a significant relationship between outward FDI and GDP, the behavior of Russian outward FDI contradicts traditional models. Two primary factors contribute to this paradox. First, the complex business environment in Russia, characterized by a combination of both improvements and contradictions, has a significant impact on outward FDI behavior. Secondly, the duality of the Russian economy and society plays a decisive role. This segment resembles a high-income country with ample resources, while most face lower income levels, raising concerns about wealth distribution. Historical factors, including Russia’s transition from a state-controlled to a market-oriented economy, contribute to the internationalization of Russian MNCs. Both state-owned enterprises and privatized firms are influenced by the state, although to varying degrees. Government involvement in international business strategies increases the knowledge and experience of Russian MNCs, but also raises concerns about political influence.
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Slyvka, Tetyana. "German concerns: post-war revival and the role in economic recovery." Ìstorìâ narodnogo gospodarstva ta ekonomìčnoï dumki Ukraïni 2022, no. 55 (2022): 63–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ingedu2022.55.063.
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The article is concerned with studying of the role of the role of big business in the post-war reconstruction of the German economy after the Second World War. The purpose of the article is to study the role of concerns in the post-war recovery of the German economy to extrapolate this experience in the development and implementation of the reconstruction plan of Ukraine. The main features of the German corporate sector in the post-war years are characterized based on the scientific analysis of historical and economic literature. As a result of the study, the largest concerns in traditional German industries were determined and the features of preserving the country's military-industrial potential were identified. The dual nature of the decartelization of German industry, which provided for the fight against monopoly and at the same time contributed to the preservation of large industrial enterprises, was determined. It is established that the rapid revival of industrial empires was made possible by a combination of skillful business management, favorable market conditions and the preservation of long-standing business connections from pre-war times. The importance of diversification of the activities of large enterprises in the post-war period in order to adapt to new conditions in the domestic and international markets is emphasized. The feature of German business such as family ties in family businesses which were important for post-war recovery is determined. The results of research are important for understanding the ways and methods of recovery of big business and the economy in general after the war, and also show that there are effective forms of combining the interests of the state, business and society, which ensured the rapid revival of Germany after the Second World War.
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Luftman, Jerry, and Hossein S. Zadeh. "Key Information Technology and Management Issues 2010–11: An International Study." Journal of Information Technology 26, no. 3 (2011): 193–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/jit.2011.3.
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The importance of the impact of IT for organizations around the world, especially in light of the global financial crisis, has amplified the need to provide a better understanding of the specific geographic similarities and differences of IT managerial and technical trends. Going beyond identifying these influential factors is also the need to understand the considerations for addressing them, in light of recognizing the respective local characteristics, especially when operating in a globally linked environment. By comparing and contrasting different geographies, this paper presents important local and international factors (e.g., management concerns, influential technologies, budgets/spending, organizational considerations) necessary to prepare IT leaders for the challenges that await them. The research is based on data from four geographic regions (United States, Europe, Asia, and Latin America). The same questionnaire (although translated for the respective respondents), based on the lead authors of the well-respected and long-running Society for Information Management survey, was applied across geographies. This paper presents the major findings based on survey responses from 472 organizations (172 US, 142 European, 103 Asian, and 55 Latin) in mid-2010. The top five management concerns were: (1) business productivity and cost reduction; (2) IT and business alignment; (3) business agility and speed to market; (4) business process re-engineering; and (5) IT reliability and efficiency. The five most influential technologies were business intelligence, cloud computing, enterprise resource planning, Software as a Service/Platform as a Service, and collaborative tools.
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Striker, James, Lennart Dimberg, and Bernhard H. Liese. "Stress and business travel: Individual, managerial, and corporate concerns." Journal of Organizational Excellence 20, no. 1 (2000): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1520-6734(200024)20:1<3::aid-npr2>3.0.co;2-u.
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Gross, Barbara L., and Jagdish N. Sheth. "Time-Oriented Advertising: A Content Analysis of United States Magazine Advertising, 1890–1988." Journal of Marketing 53, no. 4 (1989): 76–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002224298905300406.
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Advertising appearing in Ladies' Home Journal reveals an increased emphasis on time-oriented concerns and product benefits. The study findings are consistent with claims that industrialization and urbanization are accompanied by time pressures and greater concern with time.
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Luftman, Jerry, Hossein S. Zadeh, Barry Derksen, Martin Santana, Eduardo Henrique Rigoni, and Zhengwei (David) Huang. "Key Information Technology and Management Issues 2011–2012: An International Study." Journal of Information Technology 27, no. 3 (2012): 198–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/jit.2012.14.
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The importance of the impact of IT for organizations around the world, especially in light of a very slow recovery from the global financial crisis, has amplified the need to provide a better understanding of the specific geographic similarities and differences of IT managerial and technical trends. Going beyond identifying these influential factors is also the need to understand the considerations for addressing them in light of recognizing the respective local characteristics, especially when operating in a globally linked environment, although somehow heavily influenced locally. By comparing and contrasting IT trends from different geographies, this paper presents important local and international factors (e.g., management concerns, influential technologies, budgets/spending, organizational considerations) necessary to prepare IT leaders for the challenges that await them. It can also serve as an indicator as the respective geographies evolve from the economic conundrum. The research is based on data from four geographic regions (United States (US), Europe, Asia, and Latin America). The same questionnaire (although translated for the respective respondents), based on the lead authors well-respected and long-running Society for Information Management survey, was applied across the geographies. This paper presents the major findings based on survey responses from 620 respondents (275 US, 100 European, 59 Asian, and 186 Latin) in mid-2011. The top five management concerns were: (1) IT and business alignment; (2) business agility and speed to market; (3) business process management and business process reengineering; (4) business productivity and cost reduction; (5) IT reliability and efficiency. The five most influential technologies were: (1) business intelligence; (2) enterprise resource planning systems; (3) cloud computing; (4) mobile and wireless applications; (5) customer relationship management.
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Smith, Alan D. "Component part quality assurance concerns and standards." Benchmarking: An International Journal 18, no. 1 (2011): 128–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14635771111109850.
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Knights, Ronald M. "A Managerial Perspective Of Employee Drug Testing In The American Workplace." Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 5, no. 3 (2011): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v5i3.6349.
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The methods of dealing with the use or detection of illicit drugs in the American workplace warrants serious concerns regarding the role that should be undertaken by management regarding this issue. There are a number of approaches which may be utilized, however, it is important for management to take the most appropriate actions necessary to address this concern. The success and visibility of their organization may depend on it.
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Vega, Gina, and Nisreen Bahnan. "TARA Trade: a marketing challenge in Lebanon." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 3, no. 4 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-05-2013-0055.
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Title – TARA Trade: a marketing challenge in Lebanon. Subject area – Family Business, Entrepreneurship, International Business and Marketing. Study level/applicability – This case is intended for an undergraduate business student audience in courses dealing with Entrepreneurship, Family Business, International Business and Marketing Case overview – TARA Trade, a Lebanese souvenir-item designer and distributor owned by two brothers, was facing hostile competition. The partners who operated the business from two different continents had to deal with multiple threats to maintain their market position in a region of the world riddled with political unrest, regulatory chaos and idiosyncratic (distinctive) socio-cultural business practices. Expected learning outcomes – Students are challenged to identify solutions to the marketing concerns and analyse the partnership issues faced by the international ownership/management of the business. Supplementary materials – Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or e-mail: support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.
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Wiklund, Johan, Per Davidsson, and Frédéric Delmar. "What Do They Think and Feel about Growth? An Expectancy-Value Approach to Small Business Managers‘ Attitudes toward Growth." Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 27, no. 3 (2003): 247–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1540-8520.00014.
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This study focuses on small business managers‘ motivation to expand their firms. More specifically, we examine the relationships between expected consequences of growth on the one hand, and overall attitude toward growth on the other. Data were collected in three separate studies over a ten-year period using the same measuring instrument. The results suggest that noneconomic concerns may be more important than expected financial outcomes in determining overall attitude toward growth. In particular, the concern for employee well-being comes out strongly. We interpret this as reflecting a concern that the positive atmosphere of the small organization may be lost in growth. We conclude that this concern may be a cause for recurrent conflict for small business managers when deciding about the future route for their firms.
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Wiklund, Johan, Per Davidsson, and Frédéric Delmar. "What Do They Think and Feel about Growth? An Expectancy–Value Approach to Small Business Managers’ Attitudes toward Growth." Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 27, no. 3 (2003): 247–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1540-8520.t01-1-00003.
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This study focuses on small business managers’ motivation to expand their firms. More specifically, we examine the relationships between expected consequences of growth on the one hand, and overall attitude toward growth on the other. Data were collected in three separate studies over a ten–year period using the same measuring instrument. The results suggest that noneconomic concerns may be more important than expected financial outcomes in determining overall attitude toward growth. In particular, the concern for employee well–being comes out strongly. We interpret this as reflecting a concern that the positive atmosphere of the small organization may be lost in growth. We conclude that this concern may be a cause for recurrent conflict for small business managers when deciding about the future route for their firms.
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Oberer, Donna, and Sandra Lee. "The counseling psychologist in business and industry: Ethical concerns." Journal of Business and Psychology 1, no. 2 (1986): 148–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01018810.
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Nguyen, Thi Thanh Hai. "Business and Human Rights in Viet Nam." Asia-Pacific Journal on Human Rights and the Law 17, no. 1 (2016): 42–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718158-01701004.
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This article explores how business activities have impacted on human rights in the energy industry by looking at the implications of the involuntary resettlements in hydro power dam projects in the affected communities in Viet Nam. It argues that despite the government’s consideration of hydropower as a main avenue to meet the need for energy demands with huge potential benefit for the national economy, the development of hydroelectric projects in Viet Nam has had certain human rights concerns. The risk for human rights violation may occur at any stage before, during and after the implementing of dam development projects. However, the most affected group is the displaced people as the result of the involuntary resettlement process. While the government has issued some policies, strategies and programmes to affected communities, these responses, however, were insufficient to adress concerns and lacked a human rights based approach. This article finds that the people and community being displaced due to the construction of the dam have been facing a number of human rights concerns, including the violation of particular rights such as the right to livelihood/food security, right to land, and the right to culture.
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Herlina, Tuty. "PENGARUH KARAKTERISTIK PERSONALITAS TERHADAP HUBUNGAN ANTARA KONTAK DENGAN ORANG LOKAL DAN PENYESUAIAN LINTAS BUDAYA." Media Riset Bisnis & Manajemen 4, no. 2 (2020): 143–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/mrbm.v4i2.8115.
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Cross cultural adjustment is becoming a great concern for multinational and international companies in running their business overseas. It concerns with the prfomance and the completion of overseas assginment of expatriates. The goals of the research are to provide a better understanding on the impactof host national contact towards cross cultural adjustment and also on how interaction process within hostnational swicth provide cross cultural adjust- ment Personal characteristics considered as a major factor play significant contribution toward the relationship between host national contact and cross cultural adjustment.
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Chen, Qi, Shane S. Dikolli, and Wei Jiang. "Career-Risk Concerns, Information Effort, and Optimal Pay-for-Performance Sensitivity." Journal of Management Accounting Research 27, no. 2 (2015): 165–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jmar-51165.
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ABSTRACT Prior work has established that managers' concerns about the level of their future compensation (i.e., implicit incentives from career concerns) may substitute for explicit incentives in compensation contracts offered to the managers in a single-task setting (Gibbons and Murphy 1992). We show that the substitution effect can be weakened, and even reversed, when managers (1) exert effort, in addition to production effort, to influence information about their ability, and (2) are concerned about both the level and variability of their reputation. We also find that managerial concern about the variability of reputation can lead to the optimal pay-for-performance sensitivity increasing in the underlying risk measure, rather than decreasing in risk, as in standard incentive-risk trade-offs. We test these predictions using a large sample of CEO compensation outcomes. Results are consistent with our model predictions.
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Andrade, Josmar, Kavita Miadaira Hamza, and Duarte Miguek Xara-Brasil. "Business Ethics: International Analysis of Codes of Ethics and Conduct." Revista Brasileira de Marketing 16, no. 1 (2017): 01–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5585/remark.v16i1.3529.
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Codes of ethics and code of conduct formalize an ideal of expected behavior patterns to managers and employees of organizations, providing standards and orientation that states companies interactions with the community, through products /services, sales force, marketing communications, investments, and relationships with other stakeholders, influencing company reputation and overall Marketing performance. The objective of this study is to analyze the differences in codes of ethics of the largest companies based in Brazil and in Portugal, given their cultural and linguistic similarities. Findings show that the use of codes of ethics are more common in Brazil than in Portugal and that codes of ethics are substantially more extensive and cover a larger number of categories in Brazilian companies, reflecting the organizations mission and perception of stakeholders concerns and priorities. We conclude that ethical issues severely impact company reputation and, in a comprehensive sense, overall Marketing performance. Marketing professionals should be systematically aware of how company core values are transmitted to different audiences, including the use of code of ethics to communicate both with internal and external publics.
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Luftman, Jerry, Hossein S. Zadeh, Barry Derksen, Martin Santana, Eduardo Henrique Rigoni, and Zhengwei (David) Huang. "Key Information Technology and Management Issues 2012-2013: An International Study." Journal of Information Technology 28, no. 4 (2013): 354–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/jit.2013.22.
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The importance of the impact of IT for organizations around the world, especially in light of a very slow recovery from the global financial crisis, has amplified the need to provide a better understanding of the specific geographic similarities and differences in IT managerial and technical trends. Identifying these influential factors is one thing; the paper also looks at the challenges in addressing them, taking into account both local responsiveness and global pressures. By comparing and contrasting IT trends from different geographies, this paper presents important local and international factors, including management concerns, influential technologies, budgets/spending, and organizational considerations). In addition these trends help to prepare IT leaders for the challenges that await them. The IT trends also serve as an indicator as the respective geographies address their difficult economic environments. The research is based on data from four geographic regions, namely United States, Europe, Asia, and Latin America. The same questionnaire (albeit translated for the respective respondents), based on the lead author's well-respected and long-running Society for Information Management survey, was applied across the geographies. This paper presents the major findings based on survey responses from 787 organizations (195 U.S., 360 European, 55 Asian, 41 Australia, and 136 Latin) in 2012. The top five management concerns were: (1) Business productivity & cost reduction, (2) Business & IT alignment / integration / fusion, (3) Business agility & speed to market, (4) Business process management/reengineering, and (5) IT cost reduction. The five most influential technologies were: (1) Business intelligence, (2) Cloud computing, (3) Enterprise resource planning, (4) Apps developments, and (5) Customer relationship management. Overall, the paper finds that while the economic climate is improving at different rates around the globe - albeit at a slower pace than anticipated - ITs role continues to evolve as it provides organizations with a fundamental vehicle for reducing business expenses and new opportunities for increasing revenues.
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Wang, Yue, Karen Yuan Wang, and Xufei Ma. "Understanding International Business Negotiation Behavior: Credible Commitments, Dispute Resolution, and the Role of Institutions." International Negotiation 21, no. 1 (2016): 165–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718069-12341328.
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Developed mainly in the broad field of negotiation, the existing literature on international business negotiation has adopted theoretical perspectives that focus on differences between negotiating parties. In this article, we argue that opportunism is more fundamental than differences in our understanding of international business negotiation behavior. Parties’ concerns over how to mitigate opportunism are the fundamental force that drives such negotiation behavior, and the likelihood of opportunism is affected mostly by the economic nature of the asset parties committed to the business exchange. By synthesizing transaction cost economics and new institutional economics, this paper develops an alternative theoretical model that complements the existing negotiation literature to explain negotiation behavior. Our model theorizes relationships between parties’ ex-ante credible commitments and ex-post dispute resolution strategies and explores how institutions moderate such relationships in shaping international business negotiation behavior and process.
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FARAH, Marya, and Maha ABDALLAH. "Security, Business and Human Rights in the Occupied Palestinian Territory." Business and Human Rights Journal 4, no. 1 (2018): 7–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bhj.2018.27.
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AbstractBusinesses have increasingly recognized their responsibility to respect human rights in their operations. This has been in part guided by international initiatives, such as the United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights, as well as guidance and regulations from states. Although these measures recognize risks associated with conflict-affected areas, contexts of occupation present unique concerns. These issues become even more complex when states send mixed messages to businesses. This is most evident when examining the discourse on and regulation of business operations linked to Israel’s prolonged occupation of Palestinian territory, especially those with operations and relationships related to ‘security’. This article seeks to highlight the frequent disregard of human rights responsibilities and obligations by states and businesses related to the occupied Palestinian territory and population, which has created a gap in accountability that civil society has attempted to address.
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Taylor, Jennifer Fries, Jodie Ferguson, and Pamela Scholder Ellen. "From trait to state: understanding privacy concerns." Journal of Consumer Marketing 32, no. 2 (2015): 99–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcm-07-2014-1078.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to advance our understanding of how information privacy concerns are derived from the combination effects of individual traits, compound traits, situational traits and surface traits that ultimately influence the consumer’s attitude toward data collection programs. The study investigates a hierarchical model of individual traits, information privacy orientation and consumer privacy concerns. Design/methodology/approach – The empirical research utilizes structural equation modeling to analyze the responses from 964 respondents. Findings – The results suggest that consumer attitudes toward data collection programs associated with personal shopping information (e.g. retail loyalty card programs) are determined through a hierarchical model of personal traits and contextual-dependent variables. Specifically, the authors find that the compound traits of risk orientation and need for cognition influence the situational trait of information privacy orientation which leads to the surface trait of consumer privacy concern and ultimately attitude toward the information collection program. Practical implications – The results suggest several means to increase participation in data collection programs. Although high need for cognition and high risk orientation cannot be changed, communication plans can provide guarantees that mitigate perceived risk associated with sharing personal information and highlight the information value to the individual’s sharing of information. Originality/value – While previous research focuses on either the internal traits or external traits, this research contributes to the current literature by offering insights into how privacy evolves from more abstract personality traits to more situational-specific behavioral tendencies, which then influence attitudes and behavior.
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Krüger, L. P. "Developing operations strategies: Reassessing the strength and importance of competitive operations priorities for South African businesses." South African Journal of Business Management 43, no. 3 (2012): 13–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajbm.v43i3.471.
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Operations strategy issues (irrespective of whether they concern content and/or process aspects) still generate considerable interest and attention from researchers and business practitioners alike. While the underlying theory is seemingly well documented and supposedly well understood at this time, the practical implementation concerns through empirical studies of application in various countries arguably still need greater clarity and appreciation. In this regard, a follow-up study of a 1996 research project was conducted in 2009 of a sample of the largest 500 companies in South Africa (including the JSE-listed top 100). The empirical study again focused on the relative strength and importance of five competitive operations priorities (COPs), namely cost, quality, speed, dependability and flexibility, within the context of improving national and international competitiveness. The results suggest that South African businesses, which have developed an operations capability that simultaneously offers higher quality products and/or services at a lower cost and on a more dependable basis than its competitors do, hold the most promise for success in the future business environment locally and internationally.
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Knouse, Stephen B., and Robert A. Giacalone. "Ethical decision-making in business: Behavioral issues and concerns." Journal of Business Ethics 11, no. 5-6 (1992): 369–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00870549.
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Leahy, John T. "Embodied ethics: Some common concerns of religion and business." Journal of Business Ethics 5, no. 6 (1986): 465–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00380753.
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Peterson, Robert A., Richard F. Beltramini, and George Kozmetsky. "Concerns of college students regarding business ethics: A replication." Journal of Business Ethics 10, no. 10 (1991): 733–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00705707.
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Mackert, Michael, and Tracie Harrison. "Marketing medical implants: new challenges and concerns." Journal of Consumer Marketing 26, no. 1 (2009): 4–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/07363760910926993.
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Russell, Virginia H., and Alfred V. Robinson, Jr. "Career Goals And Concerns Of Minority Undergraduate Accounting Majors." Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 5, no. 3 (2011): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v5i3.6344.
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The growth in large multinational corporations with highly diversified activities, requiring relatively complex financial accounting reporting systems, suggests that a sustained pattern of growth in accounting career positions will continue into the 1990s, and thus an increasing percentage of undergraduate minority students will select accounting as a major. To the extent that higher educational opportunities and career mobility are enhanced, systematic investigations of both socioeconomic and appropriate pedagogical concerns for these enrollees should be pursued. This study examines the career goals and priorities of minority undergraduate majors with the summarization clearly indicating the respondents emphasis on career activities as the major motivating force for choosing this professional preparatory program.
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Sharma, Abhishek, and Deepika Jain. "A game theoretic analysis of dual-channel supply chain with nash bargaining fairness concern." Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing 35, no. 2 (2019): 244–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbim-11-2018-0347.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of fairness concerns of the retailer on the pricing policies of the supply chain partners, their individual profits, and the overall performance of a dual-channel supply chain composed of one manufacturer and one retailer. First, the authors model the dual-channel supply chain under retailer’s fairness concern. Second, the authors derive the optimal pricing policies of the channel members. Third, the authors analyze the effects of retailer’s fairness and bargaining power on the pricing strategies and profit functions of the dual-channel supply chain system. Design/methodology/approach The authors adopt the manufacturer-led Stackelberg game theoretic framework, where the dominant manufacturer’s pricing decisions are based on the retailer’s pricing decision. The paper considers Nash bargaining solution as the fairness reference point to formulate the utility function of the fair-retailer. The paper uses this approach because it endogenously accounts for the competitive power and cooperative contribution of the channel members when they interact. Findings The authors find that the retailer’s fairness concerns are not always beneficial for its better performance. If the retailer is moderately sensitive towards its fairness, it will positively influence its performance. However, if the fairness concern becomes too high then it will negatively impact the retailer’s performance because it results in customers’ migration towards direct online channel for buying the products. In addition, if the retailer’s fairness concerns are mild, the manufacturer’s prices will decrease in retailer’s bargaining power, which is opposite otherwise. Originality/value The authors use Nash bargaining solution model as the fairness reference in the context of dual-channel supply chain, which is comparatively a recent approach and has been used independently from dual-channel supply chain system.
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Alford, Howard L. "Strategic Responses Of Business To Consumerism." Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 4, no. 4 (2011): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v4i4.6395.
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Through the private enterprise system of fierce competition and heightened entrepreneurship, providers of consumer goods have frequently intensified their efforts to maximize profits. In doing this, the interest and needs of workers and the consuming public were somewhat ignored, which results in what some felt to be questionable practices on the part of private enterprise. The public became interested in pricing, ads, quality and durability of goods together with the overall fidelity of business. Business considered strategic alternatives in responding to the concerns of society. Strategic responses to consumerism by the business community included a broad continuum of measures designed to allay these judgements. This paper addressed four issues including: education and information, marketing, customer service, and consumer affairs departments. It was recognized that the public raised ethical conduct questions regarding advertising and pricing long before consumerism reached its peak during the decade of the 1960s.
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Billings, B. Anthony, and William H. Volz. "U.S. Tax Policy Towards Foreign Operations Hamper International Competitiveness Of U.S. Multinationals." Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 10, no. 2 (2011): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v10i2.5940.
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<span>This article compares U.S. taxation of foreign source income along with domestic tax incentives with that of other major industrialized nations such as the U.K., Canada, Germany, France, and Japan. The paper point out that U.S. tax policy towards the profitability and expansion of foreign operations ignores the economic realities of the 1990s. In addition, revenue-raising concerns of the U.S. tax policy appear to override international competitiveness considerations. The article calls on U.S. tax policymakers to (1) find ways to establish U.S. business presence in the emerging markets of Europe and the Pacific Rim; (2) reverse the declining trend in the U.S. share of exports of technology intensive products; (3) find ways to meaningfully lower the cost of capital to U.S. businesses; and (4) find practical solutions for both the budget and trade deficit.</span>
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Butler, Petra. "Celebrating Anniversaries." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 36, no. 4 (2005): 775. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v36i4.5616.
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This article is a summary of the symposium on the Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods ('CISG') in 2005, held in Wellington. The aim of the symposium was to re-familiarise New Zealand's legal community with a part of contract law which seems to have been forgotten or, even worse, which had never gotten into the conscience of New Zealand's legal profession. The first part of the symposium involved the makeup of the CISG and concerns regarding potential barriers to international change. However, the author argues that the symposium papers make clear New Zealand businesses and lawyers should not need to be afraid to choose CISG for their international contracts. The second part of the symposium covered the practical application of the CISG in the day to day business of a lawyer advising his/her client. The author concludes that the seminar papers show New Zealand businesses can only gain from using the CISG as their law for international commercial contracts.
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Carroll, Renata, and Zhiting Wang. "Preface: 3rd International Conference on Finance, Investment and Business Analysis (FIBA 2024)." Highlights in Business, Economics and Management 31 (May 21, 2024): I. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ck54c820.
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This 2024 3rd International Conference on Finance, Investment and Business Analysis (FIBA 2024) was successfully held virtually in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia from March 30-31, 2024. FIBA 2024 is a conference on financial technology, global investment, economic management, marketing strategy, and business analysis. It provides a forum for researchers, practitioners, and educators to introduce and discuss the latest innovations, trends, experiences, and concerns in these fields. The main objective of this conference is to provide a forum for all attendees to share and exchange ideas and research findings in respective fields of research. The conference allows the exchange of knowledge between different research domestic and foreign centers representing various fields. With best regards, Organizing Committees of FIBA Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Kgaugelo, Sammy Boya. "Governance and social responsibility perceptions of the SAFA affiliated football clubs executives." Corporate Board:role, duties and composition 12, no. 1 (2016): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cbv12i1c1art1.
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Governance concerns have been in facade of society both in South Africa and in the rest of the world. These concerns have been raised at various levels such as public sector, private sector, and even within sports and recreation. The South African media have also heightened the exposure of incidents whenever gross violation of good governance principles occurred. The sport fraternity, particularly football, is not immune to this scourge. In the South African context, very little research has been done to look into the governance trajectories concerning sports organisations. As a result, this paper will consider how the Gauteng football clubs that are affiliated with the South African Football Association (SAFA) perceive issues of governance and those that concern social responsibility. Qualitative data in a form of semi-structured interviews was used. A total of 12 executive managers participated in the study. Atlas ti was used to analyse data deductively.The findings seem to suggest that the clubs are aware and supportive of good governance principles, ethics and issues of social responsibility. Calls are made to SAFA and its structures, government and the corporate sector to instil good governance principles and support social initiatives within their surroundings. Moreover, families and communities were encouraged to raise the bar in terms of improving the moral capital of society.
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Lazer, William. "Executive Insights: Changing Dimensions of International Marketing Management—The New Realities." Journal of International Marketing 1, no. 3 (1993): 93–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1069031x9300100306.
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International marketing is now in the midst of a major transformation that, in the next 15 to 20 years, will reshape and restructure concepts, approaches, and operations. International marketing management thinking may well be turned upside down, as fundamental precepts are challenged, a new mindset evolves, and marketing's international thrust comes of age. International concerns will move to the forefront of business, with government and societal issues transforming the management of marketing activities. The author offers some perspectives on the future of international marketing practices based on some current trends.